EP1523864B1 - Communications system for airport signalling devices - Google Patents
Communications system for airport signalling devices Download PDFInfo
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- EP1523864B1 EP1523864B1 EP03787679A EP03787679A EP1523864B1 EP 1523864 B1 EP1523864 B1 EP 1523864B1 EP 03787679 A EP03787679 A EP 03787679A EP 03787679 A EP03787679 A EP 03787679A EP 1523864 B1 EP1523864 B1 EP 1523864B1
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- communication
- communications system
- communications
- signalling
- devices
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- 230000006854 communication Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 111
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 110
- 230000011664 signaling Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 230000003044 adaptive effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007547 defect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002689 soil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/10—Controlling the light source
- H05B47/175—Controlling the light source by remote control
- H05B47/185—Controlling the light source by remote control via power line carrier transmission
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B47/00—Circuit arrangements for operating light sources in general, i.e. where the type of light source is not relevant
- H05B47/20—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection
- H05B47/23—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection of two or more light sources connected in series
- H05B47/235—Responsive to malfunctions or to light source life; for protection of two or more light sources connected in series with communication between the lamps and a central unit
Definitions
- the invention relates to a communication system for signaling devices an airport being the communication system as system components at least one central Communication device and a plurality of signaling devices , wherein the communication between the system components via one or more circuits, by means of which the signaling devices with energy be supplied.
- Signaling devices such as B. lighting devices that are in particular on, on or near runways, aprons, Taxi or runways, but also on buildings like hangars or at the tower or other facilities can be located.
- Signaling devices can, for example also radar devices or beacons.
- Disturbing influences go for example on on-board power supplies, on-board radars, radars, trunked radio or other mobile radio systems, network command pods, parallel power and control cables, reinforcing bars in the floor coverings, in the lining built in fuel lines as well as static charges caused by flight operations are conditional, back.
- WO 95/24820 describes a communication system of the beginning mentioned type for a serial circuit, wherein communication only in narrowly defined time periods takes place, whereby the delimitation of the time sections in dependence the frequency of the circuit takes place to disturbing influences of harmonics to avoid.
- the synchronization between periods of communication and the frequency of the circuit is relatively complex and consuming.
- the object of the invention is to provide a communication system of to provide the aforementioned type, the conditions of air operations in a special way and both the mainly application-related susceptibility and reduces the complexity of existing airport lighting systems as well as the communication in the airport floor area significantly improved with low installation costs.
- this object is achieved in that the Communication between the system components of the communication system in a demarcated frequency range to several Frequency bands distributed over one or more circuits takes place, by means of which the signaling devices be energized.
- Use of multiple frequency bands in the sense of frequency multiplexing the communication system proves to be special robust against especially impulsive disturbances of high intensity.
- a complex, broadband Kanalentzerrung can be avoided as each frequency band is considered simple Attenuator with fixed damping and constant Phase can be considered.
- the robustness of the communication system will be significantly improved and achievable Transmission rates for data are significantly increased.
- the communication is divided into time slices.
- time-multiplexing in connection with the use according to the invention of a plurality of frequency bands become problems of crosstalk between individual communication channels effectively minimized.
- a frequency range for communication between about 10 Khz and about 150 Khz.
- This Frequency range has changed in terms of frequency spectrum disturbing external systems in the airport area contrary to expectations as proved particularly favorable.
- the communication is the multi-carrier method OFDM used, which is a particularly fast, high-throughput and reliable communication.
- the insensitivity of the communication system to interference will continue to increase and it will be data transfers with transfer rates of over 40kBaud and up to at least 1.5 Mbaud allowed.
- the central communication device with a plurality of signaling devices via a series circuit connected.
- the use of series circuits is favorable regarding the cabling effort.
- the central communication device with several signaling devices via a parallel circuit connected, whereby assemblies in the signaling device, such as. in particular lamp transformers, can be saved.
- At least one signaling device associated with at least one decentralized communication device, by means of which the quality of reception of communication signals is measurable.
- changing electrical properties and in particular also locally occurring interference be detected and corrected.
- At least one signaling device at least one decentralized communication device is assigned by means of of which communication signals can be amplified. Consequently is also the positioning of the signaling directions no longer dependent on the length of the transmission path.
- the decentralized communication devices an adaptive system. This will avoid that the failure of one or more decentralized communication devices the failure of a larger subsystem after it pulls and it ensures that despite a possible Failure of one or more decentralized communication devices the quality of communication and robustness of the Systems in all parts and largely ensured at all times is.
- communication paths are dynamic with the aid of the measured reception quality determined. That's how it is provided a highly dynamic network management system, this based on existing communication data especially by measuring the quality of reception always optimal Communication paths to the decentralized communication devices determined.
- the network management system draws This is mainly due to its high adaptability and extremely fast response times.
- Figure 1 shows schematically the example of an airport lighting system on, in which several signaling devices 3, which are formed in the example as a airport fire over a series circuit with a central communication device 2 and a control device 1 are connected.
- the series circuit serves both for communication between the control device 1, the central communication device 2 and the signaling devices 3 as also for the power supply of the signaling devices Third
- Signaling devices 3 can not only, as shown in FIG 2, lighting devices, but for example also directional sensors and sensors for aircraft detection and aircraft classification.
- Signaling devices 3 are, for example, facilities for wind direction and Wind force detection and their signaling as well as other types Weather data acquisition and signaling devices.
- sensors for the detection of gas and water in Cable ducts and visual detection devices such as e.g. Video cameras, for monitoring arrivals and departures, takeoffs and Runways and taxiways in particular including the Stopbars are used as signaling devices 3 in the sense of To understand the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the signaling device 3.
- the terminals 7a and 7b to the, Connection to one for energy supply and communication serving circuit, as shown for example in Figure 1 or Figure 3 is shown to produce.
- the decentralized Communication device 5 of the signaling device 3 serves to turn the lighting device 6 on and off, flashing or flashing signals of the lighting device 6 and it provides data about the status the lighting device 6.
- FIG. 3 shows a communication system according to the invention the control device 1 and the central communication device 2 with the signaling devices. 3 is connected by means of a parallel circuit. Will the Signaling devices 3 by means of a parallel circuit powered, so does not have any signaling device 3 via a lamp transformer 4 (FIG. 2) feature. This is particularly advantageous since such lamp transformers 4 optimized for operation in power grids are exclusively for energy transfer, and Therefore, a strong attenuation of the communication signal in the high frequency range represent.
- a control device 1 can also work with several be connected to central communication devices 2.
- central communication devices 3 To a central communication device signaling devices 3 via at least one series circuit, as shown in Figure 1 and / or at least one Parallel circuit, as shown in Figure 3, with Be connected signaling devices 3.
- the decentralized communication devices 5 of the signaling devices 3 transmit next to the status of the lighting device 6, so for example, on, off or defect, too Sizes such as the current or voltage in the System, to the central communication device 2; which on the other hand is connected to the control device 1.
- the control device 1 of the communication system is for example designed as a computer and controls by means of Communication devices 2 and 5, the signaling devices 3.
- the communication system according to the invention is in particular also for the provision of services of a fieldbus can be used in an automation system of the airfield.
- the decentralized communication devices 5 of the signaling devices 3 advantageously have so-called repeaters for signal processing. These become highly dynamic adapted by the network management.
- the decentralized communication devices 5 also have means for measurement the reception quality of information.
- the thus determined Information quality is, for example, periodically and / or at Exceeding limits to the central communication device 2 reported. Such holds the central communication device 2 always an image of the entire communication skills of the overall system.
- the central communication device 2 By an evaluation of the The information quality reported to the individual signaling devices 3 is the central communication device 2 able to keep the overall system dynamic and in real time always optimally configured for each individual transmission process.
- the central communication device 2 thus determined by which of the decentralized communication devices 5, the signals transmitted via the circuit are amplified. This always ensures that on the one hand a sufficient Transmission quality guaranteed in the communication system is, the communication signals so always sufficient be strengthened, but at the same time also needed Expenditure on energy and communication processes kept to a minimum is, so the least possible number of repeaters amplify the communication signals.
- the failure of signaling devices 3 is by means of the corresponding distributed communication device 5 reported to the central communication device 2, the then the entire system reconfigured. Even after the failure from individual signaling devices 3 is up to their Reconditioning the overall system always adjusted so that the transmission quality from and to all system components 1 to 3 is always sufficiently high and the overall system is optimally configured. This fits the central communication device 2 the system configuration, so for example the repeater function of individual distributed communication devices 5, always the current conditions , wherein the signal quality messages of the decentralized communication devices 5 are taken into account.
- the central communication device 2 connects with the decentralized communication devices 5 a secure and robust signal propagation safely and leads to it an error control and a crosstalk control by.
- the decentralized communication devices 5 while the system is running Always reconfiguring are known static repeater systems through a dynamic and much more reliable Repeater system replaced.
- the transmission of information on the circuits takes place by the OFDM method in a frequency domain between about 10 and about 150 Khz using, for example, up to ten different frequency bands and with the aid of a method of time multiplexing For example, with up to 5 time slices, resulting in up to 50 different communication channels.
- the communication system can also be designed in such a way that a larger number of time slices and / or Frequency bands are used and thus more than 50 Result in communication channels. Regardless of it or else In addition, the used for the communication Frequency range enlarged and / or relocated.
- the up to ten different frequency bands are in Form of a frequency multiplexing method used.
- the frequency bands For example, they can not overlap be educated and it is possible that different Frequency bands are not directly related to their frequency range adjoin one another. This makes crosstalk problems special It can be avoided effectively and it can also be avoided by others Disturbances are better counteracted.
- the OFDM method not only proves to be very good overall robust modulation method but especially as very not susceptible to occurring in airport operations in particular pulse-shaped interference signals.
- the modulation method comes in a variety of extremely high safety requirements of flight operations.
- the data transmission rate of the invention Communication system compared to the present Systems used at airports to control Lighting equipment increases more than fourfold about 40 Kbaud and beyond to about 1.5 Mbaud.
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- Cable Transmission Systems, Equalization Of Radio And Reduction Of Echo (AREA)
- Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
- Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Kommunikationssystem für Signalisierungsvorrichtungen eines Flughafens wobei das Kommunikationssystem als Systembestandteile mindestens eine zentrale Kommunikationsvorrichtung und mehrere Signalisierungsvorrichtungen aufweist, wobei die Kommunikation zwischen den Systembestandteilen über einen oder mehrere Stromkreise erfolgt, mittels derer die Signalisierungsvorrichtungen mit Energie versorgt werden.The invention relates to a communication system for signaling devices an airport being the communication system as system components at least one central Communication device and a plurality of signaling devices , wherein the communication between the system components via one or more circuits, by means of which the signaling devices with energy be supplied.
Auf Flughäfen befinden sich eine Vielzahl von Signalisierungsvorrichtungen, wie z. B. Leuchteinrichtungen, die sich insbesondere an, auf oder in der Nähe von Rollfeldern, Vorfeldern, Taxi- oder Runways, beispielsweise aber auch an Gebäuden wie Hangars oder am Tower bzw. sonstigen Einrichtungen befinden können. Signalisierungsvorrichtungen können beispielsweise auch Radareinrichtungen oder Funkfeuer sein.At airports there are a variety of signaling devices, such as B. lighting devices that are in particular on, on or near runways, aprons, Taxi or runways, but also on buildings like hangars or at the tower or other facilities can be located. Signaling devices can, for example also radar devices or beacons.
Gegenwärtig bekannt sind Flughafenbefederungsanlagen, die im Wesentlichen zur Überwachung der Lampenfunktion der einzelnen Flughafenfeuer dienen und hierbei einfache Steuer- und Regelsignale austauschen. Derartige bekannte Systeme sind in ihrem Leistungsumfang vor allem aufgrund gravierender Störfaktoren deutlich eingeschränkt. So z.B. durch wechselnde elektrische Eigenschaften der zur Kommunikation benutzten Kabel aufgrund der wechselnden Feuchtigkeit im Boden und Alterungserscheinungen sowie durch die besonders schwierigen Anforderungen im Flugplatzbetrieb. Gerade im Flughafenbetrieb treten Störungen durch Fremdsysteme in ungewohnter Häufigkeit, Stärke und Unregelmäßigkeit auf. Störende Einflüsse gehen beispielsweise auf Bordstromversorgungen, Bordradare, Platzradare, Bündelfunk oder andere mobile Funksysteme, Netzkommandoompfänger, parallel liegende Energie- und Steuerkabel, Armierungseisen in den Bodenbelägen, in den Belag eingebaute Treibstoffleitungen sowie auf statische Aufladungen, die durch den Flugbetrieb bedingt sind, zurück.Currently known are airport mooring installations operating in the Essentially for monitoring the lamp function of the individual Airport fires serve and thereby simple control and regulating signals change. Such known systems are in their Scope of service mainly due to serious disruptive factors clearly limited. For example, by changing electrical Characteristics of the cables used for communication due to the changing moisture in the soil and aging as well as by the particularly difficult requirements in the Aerodrome operations. Especially in airport operation disturbances occur by foreign systems in unusual frequency, strength and irregularity on. Disturbing influences go for example on on-board power supplies, on-board radars, radars, trunked radio or other mobile radio systems, network command pods, parallel power and control cables, reinforcing bars in the floor coverings, in the lining built in fuel lines as well as static charges caused by flight operations are conditional, back.
Die WO 95/24820 beschreibt ein Kommunikationssystem der eingangs genannten Art für einen seriellen Stromkreis, wobei eine Kommunikation nur in eng abgegrenzten zeitabschnitten erfolgt, wobei die Abgrenzung der Zeitabschnitte in Abhängigkeit der Frequenz des Stromkreises erfolgt, um störende Einflüsse von Oberschwingungen zu vermeiden. Die Synchronisation zwischen Zeitabschnitten für die Kommunikation und der Frequenz des Stromkreises ist dabei verhältnismäßig komplex und aufwändig.WO 95/24820 describes a communication system of the beginning mentioned type for a serial circuit, wherein communication only in narrowly defined time periods takes place, whereby the delimitation of the time sections in dependence the frequency of the circuit takes place to disturbing influences of harmonics to avoid. The synchronization between periods of communication and the frequency of the circuit is relatively complex and consuming.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, ein Kommunikationssystem der eingangs genannten Art bereitzustellen, das den Bedingungen des Flugbetriebs in besonderer Weise Rechnung trägt und sowohl die vor allem anwendungebedingte Störanfälligkeit und die Komplexität bestehender Flughafenbefeuerungssysteme verringert als auch die Kommunikation im Flughafenbodenbereich bei geringem Installationsaufwand signifikant verbessert.The object of the invention is to provide a communication system of to provide the aforementioned type, the conditions of air operations in a special way and both the mainly application-related susceptibility and reduces the complexity of existing airport lighting systems as well as the communication in the airport floor area significantly improved with low installation costs.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe dadurch gelöst, dass die Kommunikation zwischen den Systembestandteilen des Kommunikationssystems in einem abgegrenzten Frequenzbereich auf mehrere Frequenzbändern verteilt über einen oder mehrere Stromkreise erfolgt, mittels derer die Signalisierungsvorrichtungen mit Energie versorgt werden. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Verwendung mehrerer Frequenzbänder im Sinne eines Frequenz-Multiplexing erweist sich das Kommunikationssystem als besonders robust gegenüber insbesondere impulsförmigen Störungen von hoher Intensität. Eine aufwendige, breitbandige Kanalentzerrung kann vermieden werden, da jedes Frequenzband als einfaches Dämpfungsglied mit fester Dämpfung und konstanter Phase betrachtet werden kann. Die Robustheit des Kommunikationssystems wird so signifikant verbessert und erzielbare Übertragungsraten für Daten werden deutlich erhöht. According to the invention, this object is achieved in that the Communication between the system components of the communication system in a demarcated frequency range to several Frequency bands distributed over one or more circuits takes place, by means of which the signaling devices be energized. By the invention Use of multiple frequency bands in the sense of frequency multiplexing the communication system proves to be special robust against especially impulsive disturbances of high intensity. A complex, broadband Kanalentzerrung can be avoided as each frequency band is considered simple Attenuator with fixed damping and constant Phase can be considered. The robustness of the communication system will be significantly improved and achievable Transmission rates for data are significantly increased.
Mit Vorteil erfolgt die Kommunikation in Zeitscheiben untergliedert. Durch ein derartiges Zeit-Multiplexing in Verbindung mit der erfindungsgemäßen Nutzung mehrerer Frequenzbänder werden Probleme des Übersprechens zwischen einzelnen Kommunikationskanälen wirkungsvoll minimiert.Advantageously, the communication is divided into time slices. Through such time-multiplexing in connection with the use according to the invention of a plurality of frequency bands become problems of crosstalk between individual communication channels effectively minimized.
Vorteilhafterweise wird zur Kommunikation ein Frequenzbereich zwischen etwa ab 10 Khz und etwa bis 150 Khz genutzt. Dieser Frequenzbereich hat sich im Hinblick auf das Frequenzspektrum störender Fremdsysteme im Flughafenbereich wider Erwarten als besonders günstig erwiesen. Advantageously, a frequency range for communication between about 10 Khz and about 150 Khz. This Frequency range has changed in terms of frequency spectrum disturbing external systems in the airport area contrary to expectations as proved particularly favorable.
Die zuvor beschriebenen erfindungsgemäßen Vorteile können noch weiter gesteigert werden wenn bis zu zehn verschiedene Frequenzbänder und / oder bis zu fünf verschiedene Zeitscheiben zur Kommunikation verwendet werden.The advantages of the invention described above can be further increased if up to ten different Frequency bands and / or up to five different time slices used for communication.
Vorteilhafterweise wird zur Kommunikation das Mehrträgerverfahren OFDM eingesetzt, das eine besonders schnelle, durchsatzstarke und zuverlässige Kommunikation ermöglicht. Die Unempfindlichkeit des Kommunikationssystems gegenüber Störungen wird so weiter gesteigert und es werden Datenübertragungen mit Übertragungsraten von über 40kBaud und bis zu mindestens 1,5 Mbaud ermöglicht.Advantageously, the communication is the multi-carrier method OFDM used, which is a particularly fast, high-throughput and reliable communication. The insensitivity of the communication system to interference will continue to increase and it will be data transfers with transfer rates of over 40kBaud and up to at least 1.5 Mbaud allowed.
Mit Vorteil ist die zentrale Kommunikationsvorrichtung mit mehreren Signalisierungsvorrichtungen über einen Serienstromkreis verbunden. Der Einsatz von Serienstromkreisen ist günstig hinsichtlich des Verkabelungsaufwandes.Advantageously, the central communication device with a plurality of signaling devices via a series circuit connected. The use of series circuits is favorable regarding the cabling effort.
Mit Vorteil ist die zentrale Kommunikationsvorrichtung mit mehreren Signalisierungsvorrichtungen über einen Parallelstromkreis verbunden, wodurch Baugruppen in der Signalisierungsvorrichtung, wie z.B. im Besonderen Lampentransformatoren, eingespart werden können.Advantageously, the central communication device with several signaling devices via a parallel circuit connected, whereby assemblies in the signaling device, such as. in particular lamp transformers, can be saved.
Mit Vorteil ist mindestens einer Signalisierungsvorrichtung, mindestens eine dezentrale Kommunikationsvorrichtung zugeordnet, mittels derer die Empfangsgüte von Kommunikationssignalen messbar ist. Somit können wechselnde elektrische Eigenschaften und insbesondere auch lokal auftretende Störeinflüsse erfasst und behoben werden.Advantageously, at least one signaling device, associated with at least one decentralized communication device, by means of which the quality of reception of communication signals is measurable. Thus, changing electrical properties and in particular also locally occurring interference be detected and corrected.
Derartigen Störeinflüssen und wechselnden elektrischen Eigenschaften wird mit Vorteil dadurch Rechnung getragen, dass mindestens einer Signalisierungsvorrichtung, mindestens eine dezentrale Kommunikationsvorrichtung zugeordnet ist, mittels derer Kommunikationssignale verstärkt werden können. Somit ist auch die Positionierung der Signalisierungsrichtungen nicht mehr von der Länge der Übertragungsstrecke abhängig.Such disturbing influences and changing electrical properties is advantageously taken into account by the fact that at least one signaling device, at least one decentralized communication device is assigned by means of of which communication signals can be amplified. Consequently is also the positioning of the signaling directions no longer dependent on the length of the transmission path.
Vorteilhafterweise bilden die dezentralen Kommunikationsvorrichtungen ein adaptives System. Dadurch wird vermieden, dass der Ausfall einer oder mehrerer dezentraler Kommunikationseinrichtungen den Ausfall eines größeren Teilsystemes nach sich zieht und es wird sichergestellt, dass trotz eines eventuellen Ausfalls einer oder mehrerer dezentraler Kommunikationseinrichtungen die Kommunikationsgüte und Robustheit des Systems in allen Teilen und weitestgehend zu jeder Zeit sichergestellt ist.Advantageously, the decentralized communication devices an adaptive system. This will avoid that the failure of one or more decentralized communication devices the failure of a larger subsystem after it pulls and it ensures that despite a possible Failure of one or more decentralized communication devices the quality of communication and robustness of the Systems in all parts and largely ensured at all times is.
Mit Vorteil werden Kommunikationswege dynamisch unter Zuhilfenahme der gemessenen Empfangsgüte ermittelt. Derart wird ein hochdynamisch arbeitendes Netzwerk-Managementsystem bereitgestellt, das ausgehend von vorhandenen Kommunikationsdaten insbesondere durch Messung der Empfangsgüte stets optimale Kommunikationswege zu den dezentralen Kommunikationsvorrichtungen ermittelt. Das Netzwerk-Managementsystem zeichnet sich dabei vor allem durch seine hohe Anpassungsfähigkeit und äußerst schnelle Reaktionszeiten aus.Advantageously, communication paths are dynamic with the aid of the measured reception quality determined. That's how it is provided a highly dynamic network management system, this based on existing communication data especially by measuring the quality of reception always optimal Communication paths to the decentralized communication devices determined. The network management system draws This is mainly due to its high adaptability and extremely fast response times.
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen, unter Bezugnahme auf die Zeichnungen näher erläutert.In the following, the invention will be described with reference to exemplary embodiments, explained in more detail with reference to the drawings.
Es zeigen:
- FIG 1
- ein vereinfachtes Beispiel für ein erfindungsgemäßes Kommunikationssystem mit einem Serienstromkreis,
- FIG 2
- eine Ausgestaltung einer Signalisierungsvorrichtung und
- FIG 3
- ein vereinfachtes Beispiel für eine erfindungsgemäßes Kommunikationssystem mit einem Parallelstromkreis.
- FIG. 1
- a simplified example of a communication system according to the invention with a series circuit,
- FIG. 2
- an embodiment of a signaling device and
- FIG. 3
- a simplified example of a communication system according to the invention with a parallel circuit.
Figur 1 zeigt schematisch das Beispiel einer Flughafenbefeuerungsanlage
auf, bei der mehrere Signalisierungsvorrichtungen
3, die im Beispiel als Flughafenfeuer ausgebildet sind, über
einen Serienstromkreis mit einer zentralen Kommunikationsvorrichtung
2 und einer Kontrollvorrichtung 1 verbunden sind.
Der Serienstromkreis dient dabei sowohl zur Kommunikation
zwischen der Kontrollvorrichtung 1, der zentralen Kommunikationsvorrichtung
2 und den Signalisierungsvorrichtungen 3 als
auch zur Energieversorgung der Signalisierungsvorrichtungen
3.Figure 1 shows schematically the example of an airport lighting system
on, in which several
Signalisierungsvorrichtungen 3 können nicht nur, wie in Figur
2 dargestellt, Leuchteinrichtungen sein, sondern beispielsweise
auch Richtungsgeber und Sensoren zur Flugzeugerfassung
und Flugzeugklassifizierung. Signalisierungsvorrichtungen 3
sind beispielsweise auch Einrichtungen zur Windrichtungs- und
Windstärkenerfassung und deren Signalisierung sowie andersartige
Erfassungs- und Signalisierungsvorrichtungen für Wetterdaten.
Auch Sensoren zur Detektierung von Gas- und Wasser in
Kabelschächten sowie visuelle Erfassungseinrichtungen, wie
z.B. Videokameras, zur Überwachung von An- und Abflug, Startund
Landebahnen und Taxiwegen insbesondere inklusive der
Stopbars sind als Signalisierungsvorrichtungen 3 im Sinne der
Erfindung zu verstehen.
Figur 2 zeigt eine Ausgestaltungsform der Signalisierungsvorrichtung
3. Dabei dienen die Anschlüsse 7a und 7b dazu, die
Verbindung zu einem zur Energieversorgung und Kommunikation
dienenden Stromkreis, wie er beispielsweise in Figur 1 bzw.
Figur 3 dargestellt ist, herzustellen. Zum Betrieb in Serienstromkreisen
wird ein Lampentransformator 4 benötigt. Die dezentrale
Kommunikationsvorrichtung 5 der Signalisierungsvorrichtung
3 dient dazu, die Leuchteinrichtung 6 ein- und auszuschalten,
blinkende bzw. blitzende Signale der Leuchteinrichtung
6 zu generieren und sie liefert Daten über den Status
der Leuchteinrichtung 6. FIG. 2 shows an embodiment of the
Figur 3 zeigt ein erfindungsgemäßes Kommunikationssystem, bei
dem die Kontrollvorrichtung 1 sowie die zentrale Kommunikationsvorrichtung
2 mit den Signalisierungsvorrichtungen 3
mittels eines Parallelstromkreises verbunden ist. Werden die
Signalisierungsvorrichtungen 3 mittels eines Parallelstromkreises
mit Strom versorgt, so muss nicht jede Signalisierungsvorrichtung
3 über einen Lampentransformator 4 (Figur 2)
verfügen. Dies ist besonders vorteilhaft, da derartige Lampentransformatoren
4 für den Betrieb in Stromnetzen optimiert
sind, die ausschließlich zur Energieübertragung dienen, und
daher eine starke Dämpfung des Kommunikationssignals im Hochfrequenzbereich
darstellen.FIG. 3 shows a communication system according to the invention
the control device 1 and the
Es ist möglich, ein erfindungsgemäßes Kommunikationssystem
auch komplexer als in den Figuren 1 und 3 dargestellt aufzubauen.
So kann eine Kontrollvorrichtung 1 kann auch mit mehreren
zentralen Kommunikationsvorrichtungen 2 verbunden sein.
An eine zentrale Kommunikationsvorrichtung können Signalisierungsvorrichtungen
3 über mindestens einen Serienstromkreis,
wie er in Figur 1 dargestellt ist und/oder mindestens einen
Parallelstromkreis, wie er in Figur 3 dargestellt ist, mit
Signalisierungsvorrichtungen 3 verbunden sein.It is possible to have a communication system according to the invention
also more complex than shown in Figures 1 and 3 build.
Thus, a control device 1 can also work with several
be connected to
Im Folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Figuren 1 und 3 näher beschrieben.In the following the invention with reference to Figures 1 and 3 described in more detail.
Die dezentralen Kommunikationsvorrichtungen 5 der Signalisierungsvorrichtungen
3 übermitteln neben dem Status der Leuchteinrichtung
6, also beispielsweise Ein, Aus oder Defekt, auch
Größen wie beispielsweise die Stromstärke oder Spannung im
System, an die zentrale Kommunikationsvorrichtung 2; die wiederum
mit der Kontrollvorrichtung 1 verbunden ist. Die Kontrollvorrichtung
1 des Kommunikationssystems ist beispielsweise
als Rechenanlage ausgebildet und steuert mittels der
Kommunikationsvorrichtungen 2 und 5 die Signalisierungs-vorrichtungen
3. Das erfindungsgemäße Kommunikationssystem ist
insbesondere auch zur Erbringung von Leistungen eines Feldbus
in ein Automatisierungssystem des Flugfelds einsetzbar.The decentralized communication devices 5 of the
Die dezentralen Kommunikationsvorrichtungen 5 der Signalisierungsvorrichtungen
3 weisen vorteilhafterweise sogenannte Repeater
zur Signalaufbereitung auf. Diese werden hochdynamisch
durch das Netzwerkmanagement adaptiert. Die dezentralen Kommunikationsvorrichtungen
5 weisen zudem Mittel zur Messung
der Empfangsgüte von Informationen auf. Die derart ermittelte
Informationsgüte wird beispielsweise periodisch und/oder beim
Überschreiten von Grenzwerten an die zentrale Kommunikationsvorrichtung
2 gemeldet. Derart hält die zentrale Kommunikationsvorrichtung
2 stets ein Abbild der gesamten Kommunikationsfähigkeit
des Gesamtsystems. Durch eine Auswertung der von
den einzelnen Signalisierungsvorrichtungen 3 gemeldeten Informationsgüte
ist die zentrale Kommunikationsvorrichtung 2
in der Lage, das Gesamtsystem dynamisch und in Echtzeit stets
optimal für jeden einzelnen Übertragungsvorgang zu konfigurieren.The decentralized communication devices 5 of the
Die zentrale Kommunikationsvorrichtung 2 bestimmt also durch
welche der dezentralen Kommunikationsvorrichtungen 5, die
über den Stromkreis übermittelten Signale verstärkt werden.
So wird stets sichergestellt, dass zum einen eine ausreichende
Übertragungsqualität im Kommunikationssystem gewährleistet
ist, die Kommunikationssignale also stets ausreichend
verstärkt werden, gleichzeitig jedoch auch der dazu benötigte
Aufwand an Energie und Kommunikationsvorgängen minimal gehalten
wird, also eine möglichst geringe Anzahl von Repeatern
die Kommunikationssignale verstärken.The
Auch der Ausfall von Signalisierungsvorrichtungen 3 wird mittels
der entsprechenden dezentralen Kommunikationsvorrichtung
5 an die zentrale Kommunikationsvorrichtung 2 gemeldet, die
dann das Gesamtsystem neu konfiguriert. Auch nach dem Ausfall
von einzelnen Signalisierungsvorrichtungen 3 wird bis zu deren
Wiederinstandsetzung das Gesamtsystem stets so angepasst,
dass die Übertragungsqualität von und zu allen Systembestandteilen
1 bis 3 stets ausreichend hoch ist und das Gesamtssystem
optimal konfiguriert ist. Dazu passt die zentrale Kommunikationsvorrichtung
2 die Systemkonfiguration, also beispielsweise
die Repeaterfunktion einzelner dezentraler Kommunikationsvorrichtungen
5, stets den aktuellen Gegebenheiten
an, wobei die Signalgütemeldungen der dezentralen Kommunikationsvorrichtungen
5 berücksichtigt werden.The failure of signaling
Die zentrale Kommunikationsvorrichtung 2 stellt in Verbindung
mit den dezentralen Kommunikationsvorrichtungen 5 eine sichere
und robuste Signalausbreitung sicher und führt dazu
eine Fehlerkontrolle sowie eine Übersprechkontrolle durch.
Durch die erfindungsgemäße Möglichkeit die dezentralen Kommunikationsvorrichtungen
5 während des laufenden Systembetriebs
stets neu zu konfigurieren, werden bekannte statische Repeatersysteme
durch ein dynamisches und deutlich zuverlässigeres
Repeatersystem ersetzt.The
Die Übertragung von Informationen auf den Stromkreisen erfolgt mittels des OFDM-Verfahrens in einem Frequenzbereich zwischen etwa 10 und etwa 150 Khz unter Ausnutzung von beispielsweise bis zu zehn unterschiedlichen Frequenzbändern und unter Zuhilfenahme eines Verfahrens des Zeit-Multiplexings mit beispielsweise bis zu 5 Zeitscheiben, wodurch sich bis zu 50 verschiedene Kommunikationskanäle ergeben.The transmission of information on the circuits takes place by the OFDM method in a frequency domain between about 10 and about 150 Khz using, for example, up to ten different frequency bands and with the aid of a method of time multiplexing For example, with up to 5 time slices, resulting in up to 50 different communication channels.
Das Kommunikationssystem kann auch derart ausgelegt werden, dass eine größere Anzahl von Zeitscheiben und / oder Frequenzbändern verwendet werden und sich somit mehr als 50 Kommunikationskanäle ergeben. Unabhängig davon oder aber auch zusätzlich kann der für die Kommunikation genutzte Frequenzbereich vergrößert und /oder verlagert werden.The communication system can also be designed in such a way that a larger number of time slices and / or Frequency bands are used and thus more than 50 Result in communication channels. Regardless of it or else In addition, the used for the communication Frequency range enlarged and / or relocated.
Die bis zu zehn unterschiedlichen Frequenzbänder werden in Form eines Frequenz-Multiplexingverfahrens genutzt. Die Frequenzbänder können dabei beispielsweise nicht überlappend ausgebildet sein und es ist möglich, dass unterschiedliche Frequenzbänder hinsichtlich ihres Frequenzbereichs nicht direkt aneinander angrenzen. So werden Übersprechprobleme besonders effektiv vermieden und es kann zudem auch anderen Störungen besser entgegengewirkt werden.The up to ten different frequency bands are in Form of a frequency multiplexing method used. The frequency bands For example, they can not overlap be educated and it is possible that different Frequency bands are not directly related to their frequency range adjoin one another. This makes crosstalk problems special It can be avoided effectively and it can also be avoided by others Disturbances are better counteracted.
Das OFDM-Verfahren erweist sich nicht nur insgesamt als sehr robustes Modulationsverfahren sondern insbesondere als sehr unanfällig gegenüber im Flughafenbetrieb auftretenden insbesondere impulsförmigen Störsignalen. Das Modulationsverfahren wird verschiedensten extrem hohen Sicherheitsanforderungen des Flugbetriebs gerecht. Die Datenübertragungsrate des erfindungsgemäßen Kommunikationssystems im Vergleich zu gegenwärtig auf Flughäfen eingesetzten Systemen zur Steuerung von Befeuerungsanlagen erhöht sich um mehr als das Vierfache auf ca. 40 Kbaud und darüber hinaus auf bis zu ca. 1,5 Mbaud.The OFDM method not only proves to be very good overall robust modulation method but especially as very not susceptible to occurring in airport operations in particular pulse-shaped interference signals. The modulation method comes in a variety of extremely high safety requirements of flight operations. The data transmission rate of the invention Communication system compared to the present Systems used at airports to control Lighting equipment increases more than fourfold about 40 Kbaud and beyond to about 1.5 Mbaud.
Claims (12)
- Communications system for signalling apparatuses (3) at an airport, with the communications system having, as system components (2, 3), at least one central communications apparatus (2) and a number of signalling apparatuses (3), with the communication between the system components (2, 3) taking place via one or more circuits, by means of which the signalling apparatuses (3) are supplied with power,
characterized in that the communication between the system components (2, 3) is distributed in a limited frequency range over a number of frequency bands. - Communications system according to Patent Claim 1,
characterized in that the communication is subdivided into time slices. - Communications system according to one of the preceding patent claims,
characterized in that a frequency range between 10 kHz and 150 kHz is used for communication. - Communications system according to one of the preceding patent claims,
characterized in that up to ten frequency bands are used for communication. - Communications system according to one of the preceding patent claims,
characterized in that up to five time slices are used for communication. - Communications system according to one of the preceding patent claims,
characterized in that the OFDM method is used for communication. - Communications system according to one of the preceding patent claims,
characterized in that at least one central communications apparatus (2) and a number of signalling apparatuses (3) are connected via a series circuit. - Communications system according to one of the preceding patent claims,
characterized in that at least one central communications apparatus (2) and a number of signalling apparatuses (3) are connected via a parallel circuit. - Communications system according to one of the preceding patent claims,
characterized in that at least one decentralized communications apparatus (5) is allocated to at least one signalling apparatus (3) and can be used to measure the reception quality of communications signals. - Communications system according to one of the preceding patent claims,
characterized in that at least one decentralized communications apparatus (5) is allocated to at least one signalling apparatus (3) and can be used to preprocess its communication signals. - Communications system according to one or more of the patent claims,
characterized in that the decentralized communications apparatuses (5) form an adaptive system. - Communications system according to one of Patent Claims 9 to 11,
characterized in that communication paths are determined dynamically with the assistance of the measured reception quality.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10233437A DE10233437A1 (en) | 2002-07-23 | 2002-07-23 | Airport signaling control communication system uses OFDM power line communication including adaptive operation using measurement of received signals |
| DE10233437 | 2002-07-23 | ||
| PCT/DE2003/002411 WO2004017682A1 (en) | 2002-07-23 | 2003-07-17 | Communications system for airport signalling devices |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1523864A1 EP1523864A1 (en) | 2005-04-20 |
| EP1523864B1 true EP1523864B1 (en) | 2005-11-23 |
Family
ID=30128286
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP03787679A Expired - Lifetime EP1523864B1 (en) | 2002-07-23 | 2003-07-17 | Communications system for airport signalling devices |
Country Status (8)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US8284751B2 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1523864B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE311087T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU2003250788B2 (en) |
| CA (1) | CA2493057C (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10233437A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2252699T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2004017682A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP1460605A1 (en) | 2003-03-20 | 2004-09-22 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Airportlighting unit and system |
| DE102004047345A1 (en) * | 2004-09-29 | 2006-02-16 | Siemens Ag | Computer control system for lighting installation in building has DALI gateway control system with plus and minus terminals connected to load current amplifier and lighting control units |
| US7310047B2 (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2007-12-18 | Saudi Arabian Oil Company | Gas alarm system with wind direction indicator |
| DE602007013754D1 (en) * | 2006-06-23 | 2011-05-19 | Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTROLLING AN ARRANGEMENT OF LIGHT SOURCES |
| CN101878673B (en) * | 2007-11-30 | 2014-02-12 | 皇家飞利浦电子股份有限公司 | light output device |
| FR2931925B1 (en) * | 2008-05-30 | 2014-10-10 | Bleu Electr | LIGHTING DEVICE, LIGHTING AND LIGHTING METHOD |
| DE102008055798A1 (en) * | 2008-11-04 | 2010-05-06 | Werma Holding Gmbh + Co. Kg | Warning light with a base unit and at least one light unit |
| EP2364060A1 (en) * | 2010-03-01 | 2011-09-07 | Hella KGaA Hueck & Co. | Light device for identifying and marking traffic areas in airports |
| ES2707999T3 (en) | 2014-04-10 | 2019-04-08 | Cooper Technologies Co | Wireless configuration and diagnostics of aviation field lighting fixtures |
| EP4067238A1 (en) | 2021-03-29 | 2022-10-05 | ADB Safegate BV | Aerodrome signalling system with wireless communication capability |
| WO2022129271A1 (en) | 2020-12-16 | 2022-06-23 | Adb Safegate Bv | Aerodrome signalling system with cellular communication capability |
| EP4293819A1 (en) | 2022-06-15 | 2023-12-20 | ADB Safegate BV | Guidance light fixture with rf antenna |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE462698B (en) * | 1988-10-07 | 1990-08-13 | Swedish Airport Technology Han | FAIR LIGHTING FOR AIRPORT |
| US4951046A (en) * | 1988-11-17 | 1990-08-21 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Runway lighting system |
| FI86942C (en) * | 1991-03-07 | 1992-10-26 | Idman Oy | Power supply and control unit for a lighting system and a lighting unit for such a lighting system |
| US5359325A (en) * | 1991-10-03 | 1994-10-25 | Cooper Industries, Inc. | Automatic monitoring system for airfield lighting systems |
| DE4232618A1 (en) * | 1992-09-29 | 1994-03-31 | Deutsche Aerospace | Operating method for controls of street lamps, surface lights for airports, fog warning lights, two=way traffic lane lights - individually controlling lamps by remote switch command from sector station with transmission and receiving part and control computer |
| SE9400847D0 (en) | 1994-03-11 | 1994-03-11 | Airport Tech Scandinavia | Communication on power cable |
| ATE213354T1 (en) | 1996-07-12 | 2002-02-15 | Mew Jeanette | REMOTE MONITORING AND NOTIFICATION SYSTEM |
| ES2214857T3 (en) * | 1998-04-21 | 2004-09-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | LIGHTING SYSTEM, FOR EXAMPLE, AIRPORT OR ROAD BEARING LIGHTING SYSTEM. |
| DE29823494U1 (en) * | 1998-04-21 | 1999-08-12 | Siemens AG, 80333 München | Lighting system, e.g. Airport or street lighting system, obstacle warning light, warning, warning and signal light or the like. |
| US6282417B1 (en) * | 1998-05-08 | 2001-08-28 | David K. Ward | Communication radio method and apparatus |
-
2002
- 2002-07-23 DE DE10233437A patent/DE10233437A1/en not_active Ceased
-
2003
- 2003-07-17 US US10/521,905 patent/US8284751B2/en active Active
- 2003-07-17 EP EP03787679A patent/EP1523864B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-17 AT AT03787679T patent/ATE311087T1/en active
- 2003-07-17 ES ES03787679T patent/ES2252699T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-17 WO PCT/DE2003/002411 patent/WO2004017682A1/en active IP Right Grant
- 2003-07-17 DE DE50301763T patent/DE50301763D1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2003-07-17 CA CA2493057A patent/CA2493057C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2003-07-17 AU AU2003250788A patent/AU2003250788B2/en not_active Expired
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20050253929A1 (en) | 2005-11-17 |
| DE10233437A1 (en) | 2004-02-12 |
| CA2493057A1 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
| CA2493057C (en) | 2011-09-06 |
| ES2252699T3 (en) | 2006-05-16 |
| AU2003250788A1 (en) | 2004-03-03 |
| EP1523864A1 (en) | 2005-04-20 |
| US8284751B2 (en) | 2012-10-09 |
| DE50301763D1 (en) | 2005-12-29 |
| AU2003250788B2 (en) | 2008-06-19 |
| ATE311087T1 (en) | 2005-12-15 |
| WO2004017682A1 (en) | 2004-02-26 |
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