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EP1520040A2 - Mikroarrays zur darstellung von kodierten molekülen - Google Patents

Mikroarrays zur darstellung von kodierten molekülen

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Publication number
EP1520040A2
EP1520040A2 EP03729909A EP03729909A EP1520040A2 EP 1520040 A2 EP1520040 A2 EP 1520040A2 EP 03729909 A EP03729909 A EP 03729909A EP 03729909 A EP03729909 A EP 03729909A EP 1520040 A2 EP1520040 A2 EP 1520040A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
template
molecule
encoded
microarray
reaction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP03729909A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Per-Ola Freskgard
Henrik Pedersen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Nuevolution AS
Original Assignee
Nuevolution AS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from PCT/DK2002/000419 external-priority patent/WO2002103008A2/en
Priority claimed from US10/175,539 external-priority patent/US7727713B2/en
Application filed by Nuevolution AS filed Critical Nuevolution AS
Publication of EP1520040A2 publication Critical patent/EP1520040A2/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
    • C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
    • C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
    • C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
    • C12Q1/6813—Hybridisation assays
    • C12Q1/6834—Enzymatic or biochemical coupling of nucleic acids to a solid phase
    • C12Q1/6837—Enzymatic or biochemical coupling of nucleic acids to a solid phase using probe arrays or probe chips

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an oligonucleotide microarray which has been annealed to a complex so as to present at spatially defined spots encoded molecules.
  • Microarrays have found a wide acceptance in various analysis concepts. Mi- croarrays can be used to profile gene patterns yielding information on the genotype of an individual. Information on the expression of the genes may be accomplished using messenger RNA (mRNA) samples in order to obtain knowledge on a disease state, hormone action, infection etc. The presence or absence of a particular SNP may also be verified using Microarrays.
  • mRNA messenger RNA
  • the prior art is restricted to the presenting of proteins on a microarray. According to an object of the present invention it is desired to expand the type of molecules which can be presented on a microarray. In one aspect of the invention, it is small molecules which are presented and in another aspect it is unnatural polymers that are presented.
  • the present invention is not limited to the reaction products of the 20 naturally occurring amino acids, which allow for a higher diversity of the presented molecule and the possibil- ity of forming robust and stable molecules that can be treated under harsh conditions, such as high temperature, extreme pH and in media containing detergents.
  • the present invention relates to microarray comprising a plurality of single stranded nucleic acid probes immobilized in discrete areas of a solid support, said probes being hybridised to a library of complexes, wherein each complex comprises an encoded molecule and a template which codes for said molecule, said template comprising a number of codons which codes for chemical entities which upon reaction form a reaction product which at least partly form part of the encoded molecule.
  • microarray generally refers to an ordered array of microscopic ele- ments on a planar substrate.
  • Commercially available standard oligonucleo- tide microarrays may be used to prepare the microarray of the invention.
  • an oligonucleotide microarray is a device having a plurality of different single stranded oligonucleotide probes immobilized in discrete areas of a solid support. The discrete areas comprising immobilized single-stranded oligonucleotides may be referred to as spots for short.
  • the oligonucleotides immobilised in the spots may comprise any oligomer of nucleotides known in the art and in particular the nucleotides described below.
  • Preferred oligonucleotides are capable of forming a specific hybridisation with a complementing oligonucleotide.
  • the solid support is preferable dimensional to add precision to the manufacturing and detection steps. Any specific dimension of the spotting area may be used.
  • the solid support is usually of the dimension of a traditional 1 x 3-in microscope slide.
  • the solid support is preferable flat, that is, the solid support has even parallel surfaces over a local region.
  • the solid support should be uniform in the sense that irregularities preferably are avoid in the bulk of the support as well as in the surface coating or treatment.
  • the solid support is durable, i.e. a processed microarray should loose less than 10% of the annealed oligonucleotides over the assay duration, and inert, i.e. the solid support does not contribute any gain or loss of signal in the detection step.
  • the solid support is a glass plate, a silicon or silicon-glass plate (e.g. a microchip), or a polymer plate.
  • Each spot on the solid support comprises the same nucleic acid probe, while at least one other spot comprises a different nucleic acid probe.
  • the distance between each immobilized oligonucleotide on the spot is suitably 10 to 100 A, and preferably between 10 and 50 A to allow for optimized reaction kinetics and readily detection.
  • the centre-to-centre spacing of the spots is suitable constant and in the range from 20 ⁇ m to 10OO ⁇ m and more preferred be- tween 50 ⁇ m and 500 ⁇ m.
  • the oligonucleotides immobilized on the solid support can be prepared in any convenient way. Usually, either a delivery approach or a synthesis approach is used. According to the delivery approach the oligonucleotides are synthe- sised, e.g. using the phosphoramidate method, and subsequent printed on the solid support, where the oligonucleotides are immobilized.
  • the immobilization of preformed oligonucleotides may be performed utilizing any of a variety of attachment chemistries, such as (i) the formation of aminosilanes on a glass support and attaching the oligonucleotides thereto, (ii) the formation of an aldehyde surface on the solid support and reacting with an oligonucleotide comprising an amine, typically an aliphatic amine linker to form a cova- lent attachment, and (iii) the covalent attachment of an oligonucleotide carrying an anthraquinone to a polymer solid support as disclosed in WO 01/04129.
  • attachment chemistries such as (i) the formation of aminosilanes on a glass support and attaching the oligonucleotides thereto, (ii) the formation of an aldehyde surface on the solid support and reacting with an oligonucleotide comprising an amine, typically an aliphatic amine
  • the synthesis approach employs in situ synthesis of the oligonu- cleotides on the solid support using repeated addition of nucleotides until the final oligonucleotide eventually is formed. Usually, a method employing photo activation and masking is used.
  • Each of the complexes hybridised to the microarray comprises an encoded molecule and a template which codes for the encoded molecule.
  • the template comprises a nucleic acid, such as an oligonucleotide.
  • the oligonu- cleotide can contain any of the nucleotides mentioned below.
  • the template is divided into coding regions or codons which codes for specific chemical entities.
  • a codon is a sequence of nucleotides or a single nucleotide.
  • the nucleotides are usually amplifiable and the nucleo- bases are selected from the natural nucleobases (adenine, guanine, uracil, thymine, and cytosine) and the backbone is selected from DNA and RNA, preferably DNA.
  • the codon may be a single nucleotide. In the generation of a library, this will allow for the incorporation of four different chemical entities into the encoded molecule. However, to obtain a higher diversity a codon in certain embodiments preferably comprises at least two and more preferred at least three nucleotides. Theoretically, this will provide for 4 2 and 4 3 , respectively, different chemical entities.
  • the codons will usually not comprise more than 100 nucleotides. It is preferred to have codons with a sequence of 3 to 30 nucleo- tides.
  • the template will in general have at least two codons, which are arranged in sequence, i.e. next to each other. Each of the codons may be separated by a spacer group. Depending on the encoded molecule formed, the template may comprise further codons, such as 3, 4, 5, or more codons. Each of the further codons may be separated by a suitable spacer group. Preferably, all or at least a majority of the codons of the template are arranged in sequence and each of the codons is separated from a neighbouring codon by a spacer group. Alternatively, codons on the template may be designed with overlapping sequences. Generally, it is preferred to have more than two codons on the template to allow for the synthesis of more diverse template-directed molecules. In a preferred aspect of the invention the number of codons of the template is 2 to 100. Still more preferred is templates comprising 3 to 20 codons.
  • the spacer sequence may serve various purposes.
  • the spacer group identifies the position of a codon.
  • the spacer group either upstream or downstream of a codon comprises information which allows determination of the position of the codon.
  • the spacer group may also or in addition provide for a region of high affinity. The high affinity region will ensure that the hybridisation of the template with the anti-codon will occur in frame.
  • the spacer sequence may adjust the annealing temperature to a desired level.
  • a spacer sequence with high affinity can be provided by incorporation of one or more nucleobases forming three hydrogen bonds to a cognate nucleo- base.
  • An example of a nucleobase having this property is guanine.
  • the spacer sequence may be subjected to back bone modification.
  • back bone modifications provides for higher affinity, such as 2'-O-methyl substitution of the ribose moiety, peptide nucleic acids (PNA), and 2'-4' O-methylene cyclisation of the ribose moiety, also referred to as LNA (Locked Nucleic Acid).
  • the template may comprise flanking regions.
  • the flanking region can encompasses a signal group, such a flourophor or a radio active group, to allow a direct detection of the presence of the complex.
  • the flanking regions can also serve as priming sites for an amplification reaction, such as PCR.
  • the template may in certain embodiments comprise an affinity region having the property of being able to hybridise to a building block.
  • the template may be in the sense or the anti-sense format, i.e. the template part of the complex can be a sequence of codons which actually codes for the molecule or can be a sequence complementary thereto.
  • the encoded molecule is formed by a variety of reactants which have reacted with each other and/or a scaffold molecule.
  • this reaction product may be post-modified to obtain the encoded molecule displayed on the microarray.
  • the post-modification may involve the cleavage of one or more chemical bond attaching the encoded molecule to the template in order more efficiently to display the encoded molecule.
  • an encoded molecule generally starts by a scaffold, i.e. a chemical unit having one or more reactive groups capable of forming a connection to another reactive group positioned on a chemical entity, thereby generating an addition to the original scaffold.
  • a second chemical entity may react with a reactive group also appearing on the original scaffold or a reactive group incorporated by the first chemical entity.
  • Further chemical entities maybe involved in the formation of the final reaction product.
  • the formation of a connection between the chemical entity and the nascent encoded molecule maybe be mediated by a bridging molecule. As an example, if the nascent encoded molecule and the chemical entity both comprises an amine group a connection between these can be mediated by a dicarboxylic acid.
  • the encoded molecule may be attached directly the template or through a suitable linking moiety. Furthermore, the encoded molecule may be linked to the template through a cleavable linker to release the encoded molecule at a point in time selected by the experimenter.
  • the chemical entities that are precursors for structural additions or eliminations of the encoded molecule may be attached to a building block prior to the participation in the formation of the reaction product leading the final encoded molecule.
  • the building block generally comprises an anti-codon.
  • the building block also comprise an affinity region providing for affinity towards the nascent complex.
  • the chemical entities are suitably mediated to the nascent encoded molecule by a building block, which further comprises an anticodon.
  • the anti- codon serves the function of transferring the genetic information of the building block in conjunction with the transfer of a chemical entity.
  • the transfer of genetic information and chemical entity may occur in any order, however, it is important that a correspondence is maintained in the complex.
  • the chemical entities are preferably reacted without enzymatic interaction.
  • the reaction of the chemical entities is preferably not mediated by ribosomes or enzymes having similar activity.
  • the chemical entities may be reacted with each other or a scaffold having a recipient reactive group.
  • the genetic information of the anti-codon is transferred by specific hybridisation to a codon on the template.
  • Other methods for transferring the genetic information of the anti-codon to the nascent complex are to anneal an oligonucleotide complementary to the anti-codon and attach this oligonucleotide to the complex, e.g. by ligation.
  • a still further method involves transferring the genetic information of the anti- codon to the nascent complex using a polymerase and a mixture of dNTPs.
  • the chemical entity of the building block serves the function of being a precursor for the structural entity eventually incorporated into the encoded mole- cule. Therefore, when it in the present application with claims is stated that a chemical entity is transferred to a nascent encoded molecule it is to be understood that not necessarily all the atoms of the original chemical entity is to be found in the eventually formed encoded molecule. Also, as a consequence of the reactions involved in the connection, the structure of the chemical entity can be changed when it appears on the nascent encoded molecule. Especially, the cleavage resulting in the release of the entity may generate a reactive group which in a subsequent step can participate in the formation of a connection between a nascent complex and a chemical entity.
  • the chemical entity of the building block comprises at least one reactive group capable of participating in a reaction which results in a connection between the chemical entity of the building block and another chemical entity or a scaffold associated with the nascent complex.
  • the connection is facilitated by one or more reactive groups of the chemical entity.
  • the number of reactive groups which appear on the chemical entity is suitably one to ten.
  • a building block featuring only one reactive group is used i.a. in the end positions of polymers or scaffolds, whereas building blocks having two reactive groups are suitable for the formation of the body part of a polymer or scaffolds capable of being reacted further.
  • One, two or more reactive groups intended for the formation of connections, are typically present on scaffolds.
  • a scaffold is a core structure, which forms the basis for the creation of multiple variants.
  • the variant forms of the scaffold are typically formed through reaction of reactive groups of the scaffold with reactive groups of other building blocks, optionally mediated by fill-in groups or catalysts, under the creation of a connection between the entities.
  • the chemical entities to be connected to the scaffold may contain one, two or several reactive groups able to form connections.
  • the reactive group of the building block may be capable of forming a direct connection to a reactive group of the nascent complex or the reactive group of the building block may be capable of forming a connection to a reactive group of the nascent complex through a bridging fill-in group. It is to be understood that not all the atoms of a reactive group are necessarily maintained in the connection formed. Rather, the reactive groups are to be regarded as precursors for the structure of the connection. Fig. 5 shows examples of vari- ous reactive groups and the corresponding connection formed.
  • the subsequent cleavage step to release the chemical entity from the building block can be performed in any appropriate way. In an aspect of the invention the cleavage involves usage of a reagent or and enzyme.
  • the cleavage results in a transfer of the chemical entity to the nascent encoded molecule or in a transfer of the nascent encoded molecule to the chemical entity of the building block.
  • the new chemical groups may be used for further reaction in a subsequent cycle, either directly or after having been activated.
  • Fig. 6 shows examples of conditions for linkers between the building block and the chemical entity to be cleaved.
  • connection and the cleavage is conducted as a simultaneous reaction, i.e. either the chemical entity of the building block or the nascent encoded molecule is a leaving group of the reaction.
  • a simultaneous reaction i.e. either the chemical entity of the building block or the nascent encoded molecule is a leaving group of the reaction.
  • the simultaneous connection and cleavage can also be designed such that either no trace of the linker remains or such that a new chemical group for further reaction is introduced, as described above.
  • fig. 4 exemplary reactive groups leading to transfer of a chemical entity to the entities harbouring one of the reactive groups are shown.
  • the method essentially involves the transfer of chemical entities to a scaffold or an evolving polymer
  • the eventually scaffolded molecule or the polymer may be attached with a selectively cleavable linker.
  • the selectively cleavable linker is designed such that it is not cleaved under conditions which result in a transfer of the chemical entity to the nascent encoded molecule.
  • the attachment of the chemical entity can be at any entity available for attachment, e.g. the chemical entity can be attached to a nucleobase or the back bone.
  • the chemical entity in general, it is preferred to attach the chemical entity at the phosphor of the internucleoside linkage or at the nucleobase.
  • the attachment point is usually at the 7 position of the purines or 7-deaza-purins or at the 5 position of pyrimidines.
  • the nucleotide may be distanced from the reactive group of the chemical entity by a spacer moiety.
  • the spacer may be designed such that the conformational spaced sampled by the reactive group is optimized for a reaction with the reactive group of the nascent encoded molecule.
  • the design of building blocks comprising the anti-codon may be aimed at obtaining annealing temperatures in a specific range for all or some of the building block:template hybrids to ensure that the anti-codons have been an- nealed to the template before the chemical entities are connected to each other through a chemical reaction.
  • the templates are preferably designed to have an annealing temperature within a certain range to obtain a condition at which all or at least the majority of complexes can be annealed to the probes of the array through the templates.
  • the complexes for the library can be prepared in accordance with a variety of methods. Examples of these methods are depicted below and generally described in PCT/DK 02/00419.
  • a first embodiment is based on the use of a polymerase to incorporate unnatural nucleotides as building blocks. Initially, a plurality of template oligonucleotides are provided. Subsequently a primer is annealed to the each template and a polymerase is extending the primer using nucleotide derivatives which have appended chemical entities. Subsequent to or simultaneously with the incorporation of the nucleotide derivatives, the chemical entities are reacted to form a reaction product.
  • the nucleotide derivatives can be incorporated and subsequently polymerised.
  • the chemical entities can be attached to adjacent chemical entities by a reaction of these reactive groups.
  • the reactive groups are amine and carboxylic acid, which upon reaction form an amide bond.
  • Adjacent chemical entities can also be linked together using a linking or bridging moiety. Exemplary of this approach is the linking of two chemical entities each bearing an amine group by a bi-carboxylic acid.
  • Yet another approach is the use of a reactive group between a chemical entity and the nucleotide building block, such an ester or a thioester group.
  • An adjacent building block having a reactive group such as an amine may cleave the interspaced reactive group to obtain a linkage to the chemical entity, e.g. by an amide linking group.
  • a second embodiment for obtainment of complexes pertains to the use of hybridisation of building blocks to a template and reaction of chemical entities attached to the building blocks in order to obtain a reaction product.
  • This approach comprises that a plurality of templates are contacted with a plurality of building blocks, wherein each building block comprises an anti-codon and a chemical entity.
  • the anti-codons are designed to have a recognition sequence, i.e. a codon, on the template. Subsequent to the annealing of the anti-codons and the codons to each other a reaction of the chemical entities are effected to obtain a reaction product.
  • the template may be associated with a scaffold. Building blocks bringing chemical entities in may be added sequentially or simultaneously and a reaction of the reactive group of the chemical entity may be effected at any time after the annealing of the building blocks to the template.
  • a third embodiment for the generation of a complex includes chemical or enzymatical ligation of building blocks when these are lined up on a template. Initially a plurality of templates are provided, each having one or more codons. The templates are contacted with building blocks comprising anti- codons linked to chemical entities. The two or more anti-codons annealed on a template are subsequently ligated to each other and a reaction of the chemical entities is effected to obtain a reaction product.
  • a fourth embodiment makes use of the extension by a polymerase of an affinity sequence of the nascent complex to transfer the anti-codon of a building block to the nascent complex.
  • the method implies that a nascent complex comprising a scaffold and an affinity region, which may and may not contain coding regions.
  • a building block comprising a region complementary to the affinity section is subsequently annealed to the nascent complex and the anti-codon region of the building block is transferred to the nascent complex by a polymerase.
  • the transfer of the chemical entity may be transferred prior to, simultaneously with or subsequent to the transfer of the anti-codon.
  • linkers to the template may be cleaved, however at least one linker must be maintained to provide for the complex.
  • the library of the complexes may be added to the oligonucleotide microarray under hybridisation conditions in order for each template to anneal to a cognate probe on the microarray.
  • the hybridisation conditions may be appropriately adjusted by a person skilled in the art taking into account the number and kind of nucleobases that participate in the formation of the hybrid. It is within the capability of the skilled person in the art to construct the desired design of an oligonucleotide. When a specific annealing temperature is desired it is a standard procedure to suggest appropriate compositions of nucleic acid monomers and the length thereof.
  • the construction of an appro- priate design may be assisted by software, such as Vector NTI Suite or the public database at the internet address http://www.nwfsc.noaa.gov/protocols/oligoTMcalc.html.
  • the conditions which allow specific hybridisation of the templates and probes are influenced by a number of factors including temperature, salt concentration, type of buffer, and acidity. It is within the capabilities of the person skilled in the art to select appropriate conditions to ensure that the contacting between the templates and the probes are performed at hybridisation conditions.
  • the temperature at which two single stranded oligonucleotides forms a duplex is referred to as the annealing temperature or the melting temperature.
  • the melting curve is usually not sharp indicating that the annealing occurs over a temperature range.
  • the second derivative of the melting curve is used herein to indicate the annealing temperature.
  • the array according to the present invention may have many uses.
  • One as- pect of the present invention relates to methods for detecting the presence or absence of, and/or measuring the amount of target molecules in a sample, wherein the method employs complexes comprising encoded molecules, which is attached in an array system.
  • the target molecule in the sample which has an affinity towards the encoded molecule immobilised on the mi- croarray will bind to the encoded molecule this making the detection or measuring possible.
  • multiple determinations are rendered possible.
  • the invention described herein provides arrays that can measure different amounts at the protein level without the use of proteins or peptides as detection molecules.
  • the template-displaying molecule technology could be used to identify small molecules binding to numerous targets. These binding molecules could be arrayed in specific positions and work as detection molecules to measure the amount of various biomarkers. For example, binding molecule against cytokines or enzymes known to be involved in a specific path- way could be generated with the describe technology. These binding molecules could then be attached in an array format to be used to measure the absolute or relative amount of each cytokine or enzyme.
  • the template-encoded molecule complexes can be directly applied to a pre- spotted DNA and hybridised the probe, optionally using an adapter oligonucleotide, which is complementary to the probe as well as the template. Another possibility is that the synthesis could be performed directly on the pre- coated template using a polymerase and the nucleotide analogues. Making addressable microarrays with this technology will lead to high-throughput deposition of thousands of different functional molecules onto different locations of a chip. The overall principal is shown in figure 1.
  • Ordered display of encoded molecules is a powerful tool for the identification of previous unknown target-encoded molecule interaction.
  • a target is detectably labelled, e.g. with a fluorescent dye, and incubated with a microarray displaying encoded molecules.
  • the identity of encoded molecules that are able to bind to a target molecule are determined from the location of the spots on the microarray that becomes labelled due to binding of the target.
  • Related targets can be compared in or- der to identify molecules with high specificity for a specific subtype by analysis the binding pattern of these related targets on identical arrays of molecules.
  • the above specific format may find application in the drug discovery process in which validated targets are used in order to identify suitable binding molecules.
  • the nucleotides used in the present invention may be linked together in an oligonucleotide.
  • Each nucleotide monomer is normally composed of two parts, namely a nucleobase moiety, and a backbone.
  • the back bone may in some cases be subdivided into a sugar moiety and an internucleoside linker.
  • nucleobase may be selected among naturally occurring nucleo- bases as well as non-naturally occurring nucleobases.
  • nucleobase includes not only the known purine and pyrimidine hetero-cycles, but also heterocyclic analogues and tautomers thereof.
  • nucleobases are adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, uracil, purine, xanthine, diaminopurine, 8-oxo-N 6 -methyladenine, 7-deazaxanthine, 7-deazaguanine, N 4 ,N 4 -ethanocytosin, N 6 ,N 6 -ethano-2,6-diamino-purine, 5-methylcytosine, 5- (C 3 -C 6 )-alkynylcytosine, 5-fluorouracil, 5-bromouracil, pseudoisocytosine, 2- hydroxy-5-methyl-4-triazolopyridine, isocytosine, isoguanine, inosine and the "non-naturally occurring" nucleobases described in Benner et al., U.S.
  • nucleobase is intended to cover these examples as well as analogues and tautomers thereof.
  • nucleo- bases are adenine, guanine, thymine, cytosine, 5-methylcytosine, and uracil, which are considered as the naturally occurring nucleobases in relation to therapeutic and diagnostic application in humans.
  • backbone units are shown below (B denotes a nucleobase):
  • the sugar moiety of the backbone is suitably a pentose but may be the appropriate part of an PNA or a six-member ring.
  • Suitable examples of possible pentoses include ribose, 2'-deoxyribose, 2'-O-methyl-ribose, 2'-flour-ribose, and 2'-4'-O-methylene-ribose (LNA).
  • the nucleobase is attached to the 1 ' position of the pentose entity.
  • internucleoside linker connects the 3' end of preceding monomer to a 5' end of a succeeding monomer when the sugar moiety of the backbone is a pentose, like ribose or 2-deoxyribose.
  • the internucleoside linkage may be the natural occurring phospodiester linkage or a derivative thereof. Examples of such derivatives include phosphorothioate, methylphosphonate, phosphoramidate, phosphotriester, and phosphodithioate.
  • the internucleoside linker can be any of a number of non-phosphorous-containing linkers known in the art.
  • Preferred nucleic acid monomers include naturally occurring nucleosides forming part of the DNA as well as the RNA family connected through phos- phodiester linkages.
  • the members of the DNA family include de- oxyadenosine, deoxyguanosine, deoxythymidine, and deoxycytidine.
  • the members of the RNA family include adenosine, guanosine, uridine, cytidine, and inosine.
  • Inosine is a non-specific pairing nucleoside and may be used as universal base as discussed above because inosine can pair nearly isoener- getically with A, T, and C.
  • Fig. 1 shows an array of displayed encoded molecules.
  • Fig. 2 shows the synthesis of an array of encoded molecules.
  • Fig. 3 shows the selection to obtain encoded molecules for array analysis
  • Fig.4 shows reaction types allowing simultaneous reaction and cleavage, i.e. transfer of chemical entities to a nascent encoded molecule.
  • Fig. 5 shows pairs of reactive groups and the resulting bond.
  • Fig. 6 shows various cleavable chemical bonds, the products obtained and the agents necessary for the cleavage to occur.
  • Fig. 1 shows an encoded molecule chip.
  • a DNA library is spotted in array format on a suitable surface.
  • a library of complexes comprising single- stranded template DNA is added and allowed to hybridise to the complement DNA strand. This allows site-specific immobilization of the encoded molecules. The site-specific immobilization is controlled by the codons of the complex.
  • Fig 2 shows the hybridization of encoded molecules mediated by the codon composition in each template molecule.
  • a biological sample containing target molecules is added and non-bound material is washed off.
  • the final step is the detection of bound material in each single spot.
  • the target molecule is labelled for detection.
  • Fig. 3 shows the selection of an initial encoded library against a target.
  • the enriched encoded molecules are hybridized on the array due the precise combination of codons in the template molecule.
  • target molecule(s) are allowed to bind to the arrayed oligonucleotides and detected.
  • Fig. 4 shows different classes of reactions which mediate transfer of a chemical entity from a building block to another entity, or to an anchorage point.
  • the receiving entity is shown as a building block; it is to be understood that the receiving entity can be covalently attached to the template as well.
  • the reactions have been grouped into three different classes: Nucleophilic substitutions, addition-elimination reactions, and transition metal catalyzed reactions.
  • T Transition metal catalysed alpha-alkylation through reaction between an enolether and an arylhallide, thereby translocating the aliphatic part.
  • Fig. 5 shows collection of reactive groups that may be used for templated synthesis, along with the bonds formed upon their reaction. After reaction, activation (cleavage) may be required.
  • Fig. 6 shows various cleavable linkers, the conditions for their cleavage, and the resulting products.
  • Example Example Example 1 An encoded molecule library of small molecules displayed on an array
  • This example describes how small molecules from an encoded library can be positioning on an array.
  • These libraries are encoded by codons that codes for each chemical entity in the final displayed molecule. These codons describe the synthetic history which is directed by the template.
  • This example will show how the codons can be used to positioning the displayed molecules on an array in a predetermining way trough the codon composition in each individual template molecule.
  • the example below shows the encoding process of a 27-membered library including the RGD (Arg-Gly-Asp) sequence.
  • This tri-peptide sequence is known to bind to various integrins such as the ⁇ v ⁇ 3 integrin, for example.
  • the library has 27 different members because of the total amount of combinations possible for a tri-peptide (3 3 ).
  • the scheme below shows the encoding of the RGD sequence as an example of all possible combination of these three different chemical entities.
  • the annealing of the identifier (upper strand) to the building block (lower stand) allows the transfer of the chemical entities and their corresponding anti-codons to the nascent complex.
  • the chemical entities are transferred by a chemical reaction and the information of the anti-codon are transferred to the nascent complex by extending the identifier using a polymerase and a mixture of dNTPs.
  • the letters in bold indicate a flanking region of the anti-codon and the anticodon as well as the codon is underlined. I indicate the non-discriminating base inosine.
  • STEP 2B Transfer of chemical entity G and anti-codon.
  • STEP 3B Transfer of chemical entity D and anti-codon.
  • R-G-D-GCA CAC TAG CTT GAG CAC AC CATAGGACTCCCATGCTTCGACAATGCGGAGATCACGCA GCT TTA CGA TCC CGC
  • This scheme shows in the first step how D is transferred from a building block to the identifier molecule and then how G and R is transfer from the building block to the scaffold (an amine group).
  • the final step is a deprotection to obtain the RGD peptide linked to the template.
  • the final product is a library complexes, wherein each complex comprises a template and an encoded tri-peptide.
  • the small molecule binding setup In this example, the array setup was tested in a regular ELISA assay to confirm the binding of integrin to the immobilized RGD-template molecule.
  • the ELISA was performed by immobilizing the template molecules using biotin binding to immobilized streptavidin. The component involved in this setup is shown below. The binding of integrin to the immobilized RGD-template molecule was detected using a specific antibody.
  • the ELISA was performed using a 20-mer 5' biotinylated and 3' cRGD pep- tide coupled oligos This construct were bound to precoated streptavidin 8 well strips (Pierce cat #15120) blocked over night in 0,5% Tween 20 (Sigma cat # P-9416), 3% casein (Sigma cat# C-8654) and 0,1 mg/ml herring sperm (Sigma cat# D-3159) in PBS . 3 pmol oligo/well diluted in 100 ⁇ l wash buffer (0,5% Tween 20 , 3% casein in PBS) 1 hour shaking at r.t. After washing 5 times, block buffer was added and incubated another hour at r.t shaking. 0,1 ⁇ g/well ⁇ ⁇ 3 human purified integrin (Belkin V.M et al (1990) J.Cell boil.
  • ⁇ y ⁇ 3 integrin mouse monoclonal primary antibody (abeam cat # Ab7167) previously described (Martin-Padura I., et al (1995) J. Path. 175: 51) was added 0,05 ⁇ g/well in 100 ⁇ l wash buffer, incubated shaking at r.t for 1 hour.
  • GenFlex from Affy- metrix is used to designing so called adaptor oligos which are complementary to the different probe oligos on the array.
  • the adaptor oligos are also complementary to all the possible variations of codons on the identifier mole- cule as well as a flanking sequence showing the position of the codons.
  • the figure below shows the outline of the setup with the adaptor oligo binding to both the identifier molecule as well as to the probe oligo on the array. This will display the molecule on the array determined by the codons in the template.
  • Adaptor oligos to be used for DNA array analysis for all RGD-library codon combinations (Marked in bold, complementary sequence to probe sequence with the probe set number on the chip to the right).
  • ATC AAG GCA ACC GCC AGT AGG TAG GAC ATC ACT ACA GGA CTC CCA CGG GAG ATC ACC GT
  • the adaptor oligos and the templates with displayed molecules were used for analysis on GenFlex according to protocol below.
  • GenFlex hybridisation and scanning Prior to hybridization, the Adaptor mix (100 pM each final concentration) in a hybridization buffer (100mM MES, 1 M NaCI, 20 mM EDTA, 0,01% Tween 20, 1x Denhardt ' s), was heated to 95°C for 5 min and subsequently to 40°C for 5 min before loading onto the Affymetrix GenFlex probe array cartridge. The probe array was then incubated for 2h at 45°C at constant rotation (60 rpm).
  • a hybridization buffer 100mM MES, 1 M NaCI, 20 mM EDTA, 0,01% Tween 20, 1x Denhardt ' s
  • the Adaptor mix was removed from the GenFlex cartridge, and replaced with the Template in a hybridization buffer (100mM MES, 1 M NaCI, 20 mM EDTA, 0,01% Tween 20, 1x Denhardt ' s).
  • the Template hybridisation mix was heated to 95°C for 5 min and subsequently to 40°C for 5 min before loading onto the Affymetrix GenFlex probe array cartridge and hybridised for 2h at 45°C at constant rotation (60 rpm).
  • the washing and staining procedure was performed in the Affymetrix Fluidics Station.
  • the probe array was exposed to 2 wash in 6xSSPE-T at 25°C followed by 12 washes in 0.5xSSPE-T at 40°C.

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EP2186897B1 (de) 2002-03-15 2016-02-17 Nuevolution A/S Eine verbesserte Methode zur Synthese von matritzenabhängigen Molekülen
AU2003247266A1 (en) 2002-08-01 2004-02-23 Nuevolution A/S Multi-step synthesis of templated molecules
US7491494B2 (en) 2002-08-19 2009-02-17 President And Fellows Of Harvard College Evolving new molecular function
ES2640279T3 (es) 2002-10-30 2017-11-02 Nuevolution A/S Procedimiento para la síntesis de un complejo bifuncional
ATE450609T1 (de) 2002-12-19 2009-12-15 Nuevolution As Durch quasizufallsstrukturen und funktionen geführte synthesemethode
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