EP1500639A2 - Substance pyrotechnique et procédé de fabrication d'une telle substance - Google Patents
Substance pyrotechnique et procédé de fabrication d'une telle substance Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1500639A2 EP1500639A2 EP04291798A EP04291798A EP1500639A2 EP 1500639 A2 EP1500639 A2 EP 1500639A2 EP 04291798 A EP04291798 A EP 04291798A EP 04291798 A EP04291798 A EP 04291798A EP 1500639 A2 EP1500639 A2 EP 1500639A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- nanometric
- binder
- pyrotechnic
- aluminum
- substance according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 89
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title abstract description 14
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 73
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000008187 granular material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 238000001033 granulometry Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 60
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 35
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 28
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical group CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 18
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- WETZJIOEDGMBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-L lead styphnate Chemical compound [Pb+2].[O-]C1=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C([O-])=C1[N+]([O-])=O WETZJIOEDGMBMA-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000007800 oxidant agent Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 235000000346 sugar Nutrition 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- QBFXQJXHEPIJKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver azide Chemical compound [Ag+].[N-]=[N+]=[N-] QBFXQJXHEPIJKW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- IUKSYUOJRHDWRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-diazonio-4,6-dinitrophenolate Chemical compound [O-]C1=C([N+]#N)C=C([N+]([O-])=O)C=C1[N+]([O-])=O IUKSYUOJRHDWRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004372 Polyvinyl alcohol Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 claims description 2
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052788 barium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N barium atom Chemical compound [Ba] DSAJWYNOEDNPEQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052792 caesium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N caesium atom Chemical compound [Cs] TVFDJXOCXUVLDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- -1 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000004810 polytetrafluoroethylene Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 159000000005 rubidium salts Chemical class 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 7
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper oxide Chemical compound [Cu]=O QPLDLSVMHZLSFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000002086 nanomaterial Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000005751 Copper oxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910000431 copper oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000005474 detonation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000008240 homogeneous mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000377 silicon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 3
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical group [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LKDRXBCSQODPBY-VRPWFDPXSA-N D-fructopyranose Chemical compound OCC1(O)OC[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O LKDRXBCSQODPBY-VRPWFDPXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formamide Chemical compound NC=O ZHNUHDYFZUAESO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229930091371 Fructose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 239000005715 Fructose Substances 0.000 description 2
- RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N Fructose Chemical compound OC[C@H]1O[C@](O)(CO)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O RFSUNEUAIZKAJO-ARQDHWQXSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N Glucose Natural products OC[C@H]1OC(O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H]1O WQZGKKKJIJFFOK-GASJEMHNSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000028 HMX Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930006000 Sucrose Natural products 0.000 description 2
- CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N Sucrose Chemical compound O[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O[C@@]1(CO)O[C@@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 CZMRCDWAGMRECN-UGDNZRGBSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009227 behaviour therapy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000919 ceramic Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003292 diminished effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J dipotassium;tetrabromoplatinum(2-) Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Br-].[Pt+2] AXZAYXJCENRGIM-UHFFFAOYSA-J 0.000 description 2
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 description 2
- XJELOQYISYPGDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2-chloroacetate Chemical compound ClCC(=O)OC=C XJELOQYISYPGDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000008103 glucose Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octogen Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001487 potassium perchlorate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229960004793 sucrose Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- FPBWSPZHCJXUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-1-fluoroethene Chemical group FC(Cl)=C FPBWSPZHCJXUBL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Boron Chemical compound [B] ZOXJGFHDIHLPTG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethenol Chemical compound OC=C IMROMDMJAWUWLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000084 Gum arabic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 206010035148 Plague Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 241000978776 Senegalia senegal Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000205 acacia gum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010489 acacia gum Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000004913 activation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910052796 boron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013681 dietary sucrose Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000007599 discharging Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007580 dry-mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010892 electric spark Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005672 electromagnetic field Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009499 grossing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000016507 interphase Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011872 intimate mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009527 percussion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium benzoate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 XAEFZNCEHLXOMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- YLMGFJXSLBMXHK-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium perchlorate Chemical compound [K+].[O-]Cl(=O)(=O)=O YLMGFJXSLBMXHK-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 230000037452 priming Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052701 rubidium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rubidium atom Chemical class [Rb] IGLNJRXAVVLDKE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005204 segregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0083—Treatment of solid structures, e.g. for coating or impregnating with a modifier
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/18—Non-metallic particles coated with metal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
- C06B45/20—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
- C06B45/30—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an inorganic explosive or an inorganic thermic component
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
- C06C7/00—Non-electric detonators; Blasting caps; Primers
Definitions
- the technical field of the invention is that of pulverulent substances and more particularly pyrotechnic substances incorporating a primary explosive.
- Such pyrotechnic substances are commonly used for the manufacture of primers or detonators.
- Patent FR2599361 thus describes a priming substance combining 40 to 70% by mass of lead trinitroresorcinate and 60 to 30% aluminum with less than 1% of a binder formed by gum arabic.
- Aluminum is used in this component of allow the evacuation of the calories generated by heating of the primer filament under the effect of electromagnetic fields. This avoids a warm-up inopportune that may lead to the initiation of the composition and thus increases the security of the component.
- the explosive and aluminum powders are associated under the form of a homogeneous mixture maintained by a binder.
- the granulometry of the primary explosive and powder are of the same order of magnitude and less than 40 micrometers.
- This pyrotechnic substance has the drawback to require a significant amount of aluminum for reduce the susceptibility of the component to radiation electromagnetic.
- the relative percentage of primary explosive is correlatively reduced and the detonation efficiency of the component is therefore also reduced, except to increase the mass of primary explosive so the volume of the component.
- the homogeneity of the explosive / aluminum mixture is difficult to ensure in a reproducible way. It results from variable performance from one batch to another of the point of view of sensitivity to electrostatic discharge or friction.
- the object of the invention is to propose a substance pulverulent material having processing properties (especially improved flowability).
- the object of the invention is more particularly to propose a pyrotechnic substance that retains its effectiveness while having reduced sensitivity, particularly to electric shocks and friction.
- the subject of the invention is a powdery substance and in particular a pyrotechnic substance which is characterized in that it comprises at least a first material formed of grains coated with a binder layer incorporating granules of a second nanoscale material.
- the second material may be made of aluminum or silicon.
- Nanometric materials and in particular aluminum are known. It has already been proposed to implement them in the pyrotechnic components.
- the US5717159 patent thus proposes a primer comprising 45% by weight of nanometric aluminum and 55% by weight of nanometric molybdenum trioxide.
- the invention proposes instead to associate a material, in particular a pyrotechnic material, with granulometric classical micrometer (of the order of 100 micrometers) with a material with nanometric granulometry (from 0.05 to 0.1 microns).
- nanoscale material granules surround the grains of the micrometric material.
- a binder ensures the binding of granules and grains.
- micrometric material So every grain of micrometric material has its surface externally practically covered (more than 90%) by nanoscale granules. There is no more segregation of materials despite their very different grain sizes and the micrometric material is protected.
- the coating of a material pyrotechnics by a nanometric metal, in particular by aluminum makes the whole pyrotechnic substance conducted, both heat and electricity, which makes it easier to evacuate calories and therefore increases the resistance of the substance pyrotechnic to self ignition.
- This pyrotechnic substance also sees its sensitivity to electrostatic discharge and friction diminished, which makes the industrial implementation of the safer pyrotechnic substance.
- the coating also facilitates industrial implementation of the substance by reducing including sensitivity to friction and facilitating flowability.
- nitrocellulose polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), vinyl chloroacetate (CVA) copolymer, copolymer of chlorofluoroethylene, polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinyl alcohol (better known under the trademark "Rhodoviol”).
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- CVA vinyl chloroacetate copolymer
- copolymer of chlorofluoroethylene polytetrafluoroethylene
- polyvinyl alcohol better known under the trademark "Rhodoviol”
- the nitrocellulose has the advantage of being an active binder which participate in the pyrotechnic reaction by bringing Energy.
- the other binders mentioned are inert binders.
- the proportion chosen for the binder will preferably be less than 3% of the total mass (that of the coated material plus that of the nanoscale material).
- This will advantageously produce a substance pyrotechnic powder comprising from 95% to 60% by weight a first pyrotechnic material, 5 to 40% by weight of nanoscale aluminum and a binder in a proportion of 0.5% to 3% of the overall mass of the material mixture pyrotechnics / nanoscale aluminum.
- the first pyrotechnic material may be an oxidant (such as copper oxide CuO, potassium nitrate or potassium perchlorate) or a secondary explosive (such as Octogen, or Hexogen).
- oxidant such as copper oxide CuO, potassium nitrate or potassium perchlorate
- secondary explosive such as Octogen, or Hexogen.
- a secondary explosive is a explosive that requires significant activation energy to detonate (energy brought for example by an explosive primary).
- the first pyrotechnic material can also be a detonating or explosive primary explosive.
- An explosive says primary is an explosive material that is characterized by a great sensitivity under at least one of the solicitations following: shock, friction, flame, electric spark.
- the primary explosive detonators have a decomposition that goes very quickly to the same detonation without confinement. Explosive primary explosives have a decomposition regime that only detonates in certain conditions of confinement or initiation.
- the first pyrotechnic material primary explosive from the following materials: dinitrobenzofuroxane, lead azide, silver azide, diazodinitrophenol (DDNP), lead styphnate.
- KDNBF potassium salt
- RbDNBF Sodium
- CsDNBF Cesium
- BaDNBF Barium
- a substance can be made combining: 79% by weight of dinitrobenzofuroxane potassium (KDNBF), 18% of nanometric aluminum, and 3% mass of nitrocellulose.
- KDNBF dinitrobenzofuroxane potassium
- the subject of the invention is also a method of preparation of a powdery substance, in particular a pyrotechnic substance, comprising at least a first material formed of grains coated with a layer of binder incorporating granules of a second material of nanometric particle size.
- a powdery substance in particular a pyrotechnic substance
- the process according to the invention making it easy and safe to prepare such substance.
- the carrier liquid may be silicone oil, binding being nitrocellulose and the first solvent being the methyl ethyl ketone.
- the surfactant may be a sugar ester.
- the first micrometric material can then be a detonating or explosive primary explosive and the second nanometric material be made of aluminum.
- This particle 1 is formed by a grain 2 of a first material which is coated with a binder layer 3 incorporating granules 4 of a second granulometry material nanometric (for example nanometric aluminum).
- Nanoscale materials are easy to obtain commercially. These materials can be obtained for example from the company Technanogy (2146 Michelson Drive Irvine California USA).
- nanometric material having a particle size between 50 and 100 nanometers (or between 0.05 micrometers and 0.1 micrometers).
- the granules 4 thus surround virtually the entire external surface of the grains 2 of the first material.
- the different particles 1 thus constituted and which form the powdery substance are therefore always in contact mutually with each other through the intermediary of granules 4.
- the contact between the granules makes the conductive pyrotechnic substance.
- the first material coated with aluminum may be a pyrotechnic material such as a primary explosive.
- a pyrotechnic material such as a primary explosive.
- the starting pyrotechnic powdery substance obtained will have improved behavior. She will be more resistant to electrostatic discharge, friction and heating.
- the first pyrotechnic material may be an explosive secondary such as hexogen or octogen.
- the coating of the grains of explosives may, in addition to conductivity of the composition, give a breath effect complementary to the explosive charge that will be made with such a substance.
- the first pyrotechnic material may be an oxidant (such as copper oxide, potassium nitrate or potassium perchlorate).
- an oxidant such as copper oxide, potassium nitrate or potassium perchlorate.
- a suitable nanoscale reducer such as aluminum for copper oxide, boron for nitrate of potassium or Zirconium for perchlorate potassium, will ensure a more intimate contact between oxidizing and reducing agent.
- a coating of a material micrometric with nanometric silica will allow improve the flowability of the powdery substance.
- the coating of grains with a granulometry material micrometric with nanoscale granules is a operation a priori delicate.
- the very fine granules disperse in suspension in air during a dry implementation. They can also be charge in static electricity and stick to the tools of loading.
- nanometric aluminum powder reacts strongly in the presence of moisture and is therefore dangerous To manipulate.
- the invention also aims to propose a method to ensure in a safe and reproducible way that coating.
- the material according to the invention is thus produced by a coating process in emulsion.
- the first material is suspended micrometric and the second nano material within a liquid carrier.
- An adjustment of the temperature of the liquid support will allow to control the size of the droplets of the emulsion. More the temperature will be high plus the droplets will be fines.
- the first solvent is then extracted by adding to the emulsion a second solvent.
- the latter is chosen from so that the first solvent has a higher affinity great with him than he has for the binding material.
- This operation has the effect of removing the solvent from the binding, so harden the one that traps the granules nanoscale around the grains of the first material micrometer.
- the substance obtained will be implemented in a conventional manner in a pyrotechnic component, for example a component to hot wire, exploded wire or percussion wire ...
- the first pyrotechnic material is an explosive secondary school, it will be implemented later conventional loading techniques (casting, compression, polymerization).
- the invention adds to the solvent / binder emulsion in the carrier liquid a surfactant for stabilizing it.
- surfactant molecules reduce surface tension between two liquids.
- the surfactant for role of creating binder bubbles / volume solvent equivalent In the process according to the invention, the surfactant for role of creating binder bubbles / volume solvent equivalent.
- the surfactant makes it possible to stabilize this step before hardening of the grains by the addition of the second solvent.
- This control also makes it possible to control the quantity of granules of nanoscale material present in each bubble of binder / solvent, so also to control the coating of the grains of the first material with the material nanoscale.
- surfactant will depend on the nature of the solvents as well as that of the carrier liquid.
- a surfactant comprising a polar head soluble in the first solvent and a fatty carbon chain soluble in the carrier liquid.
- the advantage of the process according to the invention is that it avoids dry mixing of the powders. This increases the security implementation. If the first material is an explosive primary, it is phlegmatized by the liquid support. By besides the nano aluminum which is highly reactive to the open air (because of the humidity of the air) is mixed safely in the carrier liquid (for example silicone oil).
- the carrier liquid for example silicone oil
- binder according to the nature of the material to coat and so that it is not miscible in the liquid carrier.
- a binder such as nitrocellulose methyl ethyl ketone will be used as the first solvent and will adopt Heptane as the second solvent harden the grains.
- the carrier liquid chosen is the oil of silicone and the appropriate surfactant is a sugar ester.
- Such an ester has a long carbon chain which has more affinity with silicone oil than with the methyl ethyl ketone. It has a polar head formed by many OH groups that form hydrogen bonds with the C-Os of methyl ethyl ketone.
- the sugar ester is so has the interphase between the first solvent and silicone oil, ensuring the stabilization of droplets.
- PVDF formamide polyvinyl
- polyvinyl alcohol we can choose as the first solvent acetone.
- the method according to the invention can also be used to coat a non-pyrotechnic material with granules nanoscale.
- the skilled person will easily choose the different solvents depending on the materials used.
- a substance has been produced powdery pyrotechnics associating 78% of potassium dinitrobenzofuroxane (KDNBF) (granulometry) average 85 micrometers), 19% of nanometric aluminum (particle size between 50 nanometers and 100 nanometers) and 3% nitrocellulose.
- KDNBF potassium dinitrobenzofuroxane
- a solution of the binder is first prepared in a first solvent.
- a first solvent for this purpose, between 0.1 g and 0.25 g is mixed of nitrocellulose in 40 to 60 ml of methyl ethyl ketone.
- the temperature of the silicone oil bath is maintained between 18 ° C and 30 ° C.
- An agitator is present in the beaker.
- the mixture is stirred for 5 minutes.
- the binder solution is then introduced into the beaker. previously prepared, then 1 to 5 ml of a surfactant solution (sugar ester).
- Heptane rinsing can be repeated once or twice time then we recover the composition on a buchner. We squeeze a few minutes then we recover the composition coated which can be stored.
- Tests have been conducted to compare the pyrotechnic substance thus obtained with the KDNBF alone, and with a coated composition associating the KDNBF with micrometric aluminum (particle size between 40 microns and 80 microns).
- This last composition was prepared by putting into the same process as that described above.
- the KDNBF can not be coated with micrometric aluminum.
- the composition obtained is rather close to a dry mix of both products in which there are no conductive paths through aluminum particles.
- This classic test is conducted according to the procedure following: a quantity of pyrotechnic substance of approximately 15 mm3 is disposed in a conductive cup. A needle is placed above the substance (without contact). We applied between the bucket containing the pyrotechnic substance and the needle discharging a capacitor with a capacitance 1000 pF charged at 25 kV with a resistance of 10 kilo Ohms serial.
- the pyrotechnic substance the invention has a higher initiation threshold. His sensitivity to electric shocks is therefore less.
- the pyrotechnic substance implementing micrometric aluminum is not homogeneous from one batch to the other. The results are not reproducible for a such substance.
- the threshold varies from 2.88 kV (KDNBF only) to non-initiationn (aluminum only).
- a sample of the order of 10 mg of the pyrotechnic substance to be tested is deposited in the form a small pile in the middle of a ceramic plate rough. This plate is then fixed on the carriage mobile device that can print a movement linear reproducible speed and amplitude.
- the pyrotechnic substance the invention is much more resistant to friction than the KDNBF alone. Indeed it takes a force greater than 1.2 kg for get initiation. Such behavior is due to a improvement of the external surface of the grain (assured smoothing by the nanometric material).
- the pyrotechnic substance implementing micrometric aluminum is not homogeneous from one batch to the other, the results of the friction tests are very variables. Such a composition is not reproducible.
- compositions can be made with the same process teaming up :
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Abstract
Description
- 60 à 95 % en masse de dinitrobenzofuroxane de potassium (KDNBF),
- 5 à 40% d'aluminium nanométrique,
- un liant dans une proportion de 0,5 à 3% de la masse globale du mélange matériau pyrotechnique/aluminium nanométrique de la composition.
- on prépare une solution du liant dans un premier solvant de ce dernier,
- on prépare par ailleurs un bain de liquide support non miscible avec le premier solvant,
- on introduit dans le bain un premier matériau à enrober tout en agitant pour assurer une répartition homogène des grains de ce matériau dans le bain,
- on introduit un second matériau de granulométrie nanométrique dans le bain tout en maintenant l'agitation,
- on introduit la solution de liant dans le bain,
- on introduit un tensioactif dans le bain,
- après agitation on lave au moins une fois avec un deuxième solvant approprié permettant d'éliminer le premier solvant du liant,
- on essore et/ou sèche la substance pulvérulente obtenue.
Substance testée | Tension du seuil d'initiation moyen (kilo Volts) |
KDNBF seul pulvérulent | 2,88 k V |
KDNBF (79%) alu nanométrique (18%) liant (3%) | 3,41 k V |
KDNBF (79%) alu micrométrique (18%) liant (3%) | Les lots ne sont pas homogènes Valeur variable de 2,88 kV à non initiation (on a que de l'aluminium) |
Substance testée | Sensibilité à la friction |
KDNBF seul pulvérulent | 10 non-fonctionnements pour un effort de 600 g |
KDNBF (79%) alu nanométrique (18%) liant (3%) | 10 non-fonctionnements pour un effort de 1,2 kg |
KDNBF (79%) alu micrométrique (18%) liant (9%) | Les lots ne sont pas homogènes Résultats non exploitables. Du fonctionnement à 600 g au non-fonctionnement (uniquement de l'aluminium |
- 80 % en masse d'azoture d'argent,
- 20% d'aluminium nanométrique,
- de la nitrocellulose dans une proportion de 3% de la masse globale du mélange matériau pyrotechnique/aluminium nanométrique.
- 70 % en masse de styphnate de plomb,
- 30% d'aluminium nanométrique,
- de la nitrocellulose dans une proportion de 3% de la masse globale du mélange matériau pyrotechnique/aluminium nanométrique.
Claims (21)
- Substance pulvérulente, et notamment substance pyrotechnique, caractérisée en ce qu' elle comporte au moins un premier matériau formé de grains (2) enrobés par une couche de liant (3) incorporant des granules (4) d'un second matériau de granulométrie nanométrique.
- Substance pulvérulente selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la granulométrie du matériau nanométrique est comprise entre 50 et 100 nanomètres.
- Substance pulvérulente selon une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le second matériau est constitué par l'aluminium.
- Substance pulvérulente selon une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le second matériau est constitué par le silicium.
- Substance pulvérulente selon une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que le liant est choisi parmi les matériaux suivants : nitrocellulose, polyfluorure de vinylidène (PVDF), alcool polyvinylique, copolymère de chlorofluoroéthylène, polytétrafluoréthylène, copolymère chloroacétate de vinyle (CVA).
- Substance pulvérulente selon une des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'elle comprend de 95% à 60% en masse d'un premier matériau pyrotechnique, de 5 à 40 % en masse d'aluminium nanométrique et un liant dans une proportion de 0,5% à 3% de la masse globale du mélange matériau pyrotechnique / aluminium nanométrique.
- Substance pulvérulente selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce le premier matériau pyrotechnique est un oxydant.
- Substance pulvérulente selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce le premier matériau pyrotechnique est un explosif secondaire.
- Substance pulvérulente selon une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce le premier matériau pyrotechnique est un explosif primaire.
- Substance pulvérulente selon la revendication 9, caractérisé en ce le premier matériau pyrotechnique est choisi parmi les matériaux suivants : sels de dinitrobenzofuroxane (sels de sodium, de potassium, de Césium, de Baryum ou de Rubidium), azoture de plomb, azoture d'argent, diazodinitrophénol, styphnate de plomb.
- Substance pulvérulente selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'elle comprend :60 à 95 % en masse de dinitrobenzofuroxane de potassium (KDNBF),5 à 40% en masse d'aluminium nanométrique,un liant dans une proportion de 0,5 à 3% de la masse globale du mélange matériau pyrotechnique/aluminium nanométrique.
- Substance pulvérulente selon la revendication 11, caractérisé en ce qu'elle comprend :79% en masse de dinitrobenzofuroxane de potassium (KDNBF),18% en masse d'aluminium nanométrique,3% en masse de nitrocellulose.
- Substance pulvérulente selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'elle comprend :60 à 95 % en masse d'azoture d'argent,5 à 40% d'aluminium nanométrique,un liant dans une proportion de 0,5 à 3% de la masse globale du mélange matériau pyrotechnique/aluminium nanométrique.
- Substance pulvérulente selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce qu'elle comprend :80 % en masse d'azoture d'argent,20% d'aluminium nanométrique,de la nitrocellulose dans une proportion de 3% de la masse globale du mélange matériau pyrotechnique/aluminium nanométrique.
- Substance pulvérulente selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'elle comprend :60 à 95 % en masse de styphnate de plomb,5 à 40% d'aluminium nanométrique,un liant dans une proportion de 0,5 à 3% de la masse globale du mélange matériau pyrotechnique/aluminium nanométrique.
- Substance pulvérulente selon la revendication 15, caractérisé en ce qu'elle comprend :70 % en masse de styphnate de plomb,30% d'aluminium nanométrique,de la nitrocellulose dans une proportion de 3% de la masse globale du mélange matériau pyrotechnique / aluminium nanométrique.
- Procédé de préparation d'une substance pulvérulente, notamment d'une substance pyrotechnique, comportant au moins un premier matériau formé de grains enrobés par une couche de liant incorporant des granules d'un second matériau de granulométrie nanométrique, procédé caractérisé par les étapes suivantes :on prépare une solution du liant dans un premier solvant de ce dernier,on prépare par ailleurs un bain de liquide support non miscible avec le premier solvant,on introduit dans le bain un premier matériau à enrober tout en agitant pour assurer une répartition homogène des grains de ce matériau dans le bain,on introduit un second matériau de granulométrie nanométrique dans le bain tout en maintenant l'agitation,on introduit la solution de liant dans le bain,on introduit un tensioactif dans le bain,après agitation on lave au moins une fois avec un deuxième solvant approprié permettant d'éliminer le premier solvant du liant,on essore et/ou sèche la substance pulvérulente obtenue.
- Procédé de préparation selon la revendication 17, caractérisé en ce que le liquide support est l'huile de silicone, le liant est la nitrocellulose et le premier solvant le méthyléthylcétone.
- Procédé de préparation selon la revendication 18, caractérisé en ce que le tensioactif est un ester de sucre.
- Procédé de préparation selon une des revendications 17 à 19, caractérisé en ce que le premier matériau est un explosif primaire détonant ou déflagrant.
- Procédé de préparation selon une des revendications 17 à 20, caractérisé en ce que le deuxième matériau nanométrique est constitué par de l'aluminium.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0309260A FR2857963B1 (fr) | 2003-07-25 | 2003-07-25 | Substance pulverulente et procede de fabrication d'une telle substance. |
FR0309260 | 2003-07-25 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP1500639A2 true EP1500639A2 (fr) | 2005-01-26 |
EP1500639A3 EP1500639A3 (fr) | 2011-11-30 |
EP1500639B1 EP1500639B1 (fr) | 2014-03-26 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP04291798.9A Expired - Lifetime EP1500639B1 (fr) | 2003-07-25 | 2004-07-15 | Substance pyrotechnique et procédé de fabrication d'une telle substance |
Country Status (2)
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EP (1) | EP1500639B1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2857963B1 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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FR2905882A1 (fr) * | 2006-09-14 | 2008-03-21 | Saint Louis Inst | Procede de fabrication de micro et/ou nanothermites et nanothermites associees. |
WO2009081048A2 (fr) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-07-02 | Snpe Materiaux Energetiques | Desensibilisation par enrobage de cristaux de substances energetiques explosives; cristaux de telles substances enrobes; materiaux energetiques. |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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WO2019143865A1 (fr) * | 2018-01-18 | 2019-07-25 | Armtec Defense Products Co. | Procédé de fabrication de matériaux pyrotechniques et technologie associée |
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FR2905882A1 (fr) * | 2006-09-14 | 2008-03-21 | Saint Louis Inst | Procede de fabrication de micro et/ou nanothermites et nanothermites associees. |
WO2009081048A2 (fr) * | 2007-12-19 | 2009-07-02 | Snpe Materiaux Energetiques | Desensibilisation par enrobage de cristaux de substances energetiques explosives; cristaux de telles substances enrobes; materiaux energetiques. |
WO2009081048A3 (fr) * | 2007-12-19 | 2010-04-08 | Snpe Materiaux Energetiques | Desensibilisation par enrobage de cristaux de substances energetiques explosives; cristaux de telles substances enrobes; materiaux energetiques. |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2857963A1 (fr) | 2005-01-28 |
EP1500639A3 (fr) | 2011-11-30 |
EP1500639B1 (fr) | 2014-03-26 |
FR2857963B1 (fr) | 2006-09-08 |
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