[go: up one dir, main page]

EP1483448A2 - Transferring of powdery particles onto a web - Google Patents

Transferring of powdery particles onto a web

Info

Publication number
EP1483448A2
EP1483448A2 EP03743900A EP03743900A EP1483448A2 EP 1483448 A2 EP1483448 A2 EP 1483448A2 EP 03743900 A EP03743900 A EP 03743900A EP 03743900 A EP03743900 A EP 03743900A EP 1483448 A2 EP1483448 A2 EP 1483448A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
web
intermediate substrate
powdery particles
particles
belt
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP03743900A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1483448B1 (en
Inventor
Juha Maijala
Timo R. Nyberg
Veli KÄSMÄ
Kaisa Putkisto
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Valmet Technologies Oy
Original Assignee
Metso Paper Oy
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FI20020479A external-priority patent/FI118542B/en
Application filed by Metso Paper Oy filed Critical Metso Paper Oy
Publication of EP1483448A2 publication Critical patent/EP1483448A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1483448B1 publication Critical patent/EP1483448B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H19/00—Coated paper; Coating material
    • D21H19/36—Coatings with pigments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/50—Spraying or projecting
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
    • B05B5/00—Electrostatic spraying apparatus; Spraying apparatus with means for charging the spray electrically; Apparatus for spraying liquids or other fluent materials by other electric means
    • B05B5/08—Plant for applying liquids or other fluent materials to objects
    • B05B5/087—Arrangements of electrodes, e.g. of charging, shielding, collecting electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
    • B05D1/04—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field
    • B05D1/045—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying involving the use of an electrostatic field on non-conductive substrates
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/28—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by transfer from the surfaces of elements carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. brushes, pads, rollers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/52—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with a device carrying the material
    • D21H23/64—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with a device carrying the material the material being non-fluent at the moment of transfer, e.g. in form of preformed, at least partially hardened coating
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H25/00—After-treatment of paper not provided for in groups D21H17/00 - D21H23/00
    • D21H25/08—Rearranging applied substances, e.g. metering, smoothing; Removing excess material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D1/007—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials using an electrostatic field
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2252/00—Sheets
    • B05D2252/02—Sheets of indefinite length
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2401/00—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like
    • B05D2401/30—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like the coating being applied in other forms than involving eliminable solvent, diluent or dispersant
    • B05D2401/32—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like the coating being applied in other forms than involving eliminable solvent, diluent or dispersant applied as powders

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a method for transferring powdery particles onto a web to form a coating layer or a film layer in a dry surface treatment process.
  • the present invention also relates to a device for forming a coating layer or a film layer in a dry surface treatment process comprising means for electrically charging powdery particles, and means for attaching the charged particles onto a web.
  • the dry surface treatment process comprises an application step in which the powdery particles are applied on the web.
  • the application step is followed by a finishing step, for example thermomechanical fixing.
  • the application of the powdery particles utilises an electric field to transfer the powdery particles to a surface to be treated and to enable an electrostatic adhesion prior to the finishing. Both the final adhesion and the surface smoothening of the applied layer are executed simultaneously through a thermomechanical treatment or another suitable treatment.
  • the powdery particles are normally applied to the web by blowing them against the web through at least one nozzle, which is integrated with charging means.
  • a problem related to this kind of application may be a difficulty to form an even layer of powdery particles on the web.
  • the method of the invention is characterized in that the powdery particles are attached to an intermediate substrate from which they are released to the web.
  • the device of the invention is characterized in that the device comprises an intermediate substrate onto which surface the charged powdery particles are arranged to be attached before transferring them to the web.
  • An even charge over the whole surface of the intermediate substrate may be achieved by corona charging, which means an electric discharge from an electric field under normal pressure.
  • corona charging means an electric discharge from an electric field under normal pressure.
  • the electric conductivity of a medium such as air
  • Charged ions deposit themselves on the surface of the intermediate substrate.
  • the intermediate substrate is substantially dielectric, i.e. the resistivity of the intermediate substrate is on a certain level, and thus it is capable of storing electric charges for a long enough time.
  • V s A S (V-V S )(V-V S -V 0 ), wherein V 0 is a level of voltage when the electric discharge takes place, and the electric conductivity of the medium suddenly increases.
  • a s has been given an estimate according which it depends on the dielectric constant of the receiving surface (the surface of the intermediate substrate) ( ⁇ s ), the ionic mobility in air ( ⁇ ), the diameter of the corona wire (a), and the distance between the corona charging electrode and the receiving surface (R) according to the equation
  • the intermediate substrate can be coupled with an opposite potential, which is approximately on the same level of magnitude as the corona potential, and thus the ionic mobility further increases, and the potential of the intermediate substrate becomes higher.
  • the electric field created between the corona electrode and the intermediate substrate exerts a force to the powdery particles, which are brought above the intermediate substrate.
  • the force F QE, wherein Q is the charge and E is the electric field.
  • Q density of the surface charge of the intermediate substrate
  • ⁇ s relative permittivity between the surfaces of the intermediate substrate
  • ⁇ d relative permittivity between the surface of the intermediate substrate and the electrode
  • s thickness of the intermediate substrate
  • d distance between the surface of the intermediate substrate and the electrode.
  • the web and the powdery particles must be in close proximity, and a force, which exceeds the adhesion or cohesion between the powdery particles and the intermediate substrate must be exerted in the layer of the powdery particles.
  • the transfer is executed by an electric field.
  • the tension, which is created by the transfer can be described by the equation
  • q(z') electric charge density of the powdery particles at the location z'
  • E 2 (z') electric field in the layer of the powdery particles at the location z'
  • P m mechanical stress
  • E 3 electric field between electrodes
  • ⁇ 3 dielectric constant of the intermediate substrate
  • E 3 ⁇ 3 2 electric stress caused by the electrodes exerted on the layer of the powdery particles.
  • the transfer happens when the tension exceeds the adhesion or cohesion forces.
  • the powdery particles to be transferred can be particles from which a coating layer can be formed on a paper web, or they can be particles from which a film layer can be formed on a suitable web, such as a paper web or a plastic web.
  • the intermediate substrate can be an endless belt, which rotates around guiding rolls close to the web to be treated.
  • the surface of the belt has a certain potential, and the powdery particles having an opposite charge are transferred to the belt.
  • the belt is substantially dielectric because the belt shall maintain its charge until the powdery particles are released from it in a controlled manner.
  • the belt conveys the particles to a location where they are released from the belt and attached to the moving web. No contact of the intermediate belt and the treated web is necessary. The speed of the belt is adjusted so that the accumulated particle layer can be transferred to the web evenly.
  • An endless belt 1 rotates around guiding rolls 2.
  • the surface of the belt 1 is charged by a corona charging electrode 3.
  • Powdery particles having a different charge are attached in the powder application area 5 to the charged belt 1.
  • the belt 1 having a layer of powdery particles on it rotates, the layer of the powdery particles is transferred to the side where the belt 1 is in close proximity of a web W.
  • the web W for example a paper or plastic web, travels in a production line.
  • the powdery particles are separated from the belt 1 , and attached to the surface of the moving web W.

Landscapes

  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Electrostatic Charge, Transfer And Separation In Electrography (AREA)
  • Chemical Or Physical Treatment Of Fibers (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
  • Treatments For Attaching Organic Compounds To Fibrous Goods (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to a method for transferring powdery particles onto a web (W) to form a coating layer or a film layer in a dry surface treatment process. The powdery particles are attached to an intermediate substrate (1) from which they are released to the web. The present invention also relates to a device for forming a coating layer or a film layer in a dry surface treatment process.

Description

Transferring of powdery particles
The present invention relates to a method for transferring powdery particles onto a web to form a coating layer or a film layer in a dry surface treatment process. The present invention also relates to a device for forming a coating layer or a film layer in a dry surface treatment process comprising means for electrically charging powdery particles, and means for attaching the charged particles onto a web.
The dry surface treatment process comprises an application step in which the powdery particles are applied on the web. The application step is followed by a finishing step, for example thermomechanical fixing. The application of the powdery particles utilises an electric field to transfer the powdery particles to a surface to be treated and to enable an electrostatic adhesion prior to the finishing. Both the final adhesion and the surface smoothening of the applied layer are executed simultaneously through a thermomechanical treatment or another suitable treatment.
In the dry surface treatment process, the powdery particles are normally applied to the web by blowing them against the web through at least one nozzle, which is integrated with charging means. A problem related to this kind of application may be a difficulty to form an even layer of powdery particles on the web.
The method of the invention is characterized in that the powdery particles are attached to an intermediate substrate from which they are released to the web. The device of the invention is characterized in that the device comprises an intermediate substrate onto which surface the charged powdery particles are arranged to be attached before transferring them to the web.
An even charge over the whole surface of the intermediate substrate may be achieved by corona charging, which means an electric discharge from an electric field under normal pressure. As a consequence of the electric discharge, the electric conductivity of a medium, such as air, becomes remarkably higher. Charged ions deposit themselves on the surface of the intermediate substrate. The intermediate substrate is substantially dielectric, i.e. the resistivity of the intermediate substrate is on a certain level, and thus it is capable of storing electric charges for a long enough time. When charges are transferred to an ideal dielectric surface the potential Vs accumulated on the surface decreases the ionic current according to an equation ls = AS(V-VS)(V-VS-V0), wherein V0 is a level of voltage when the electric discharge takes place, and the electric conductivity of the medium suddenly increases. For the constant As has been given an estimate according which it depends on the dielectric constant of the receiving surface (the surface of the intermediate substrate) (εs), the ionic mobility in air (μ), the diameter of the corona wire (a), and the distance between the corona charging electrode and the receiving surface (R) according to the equation
8πεsμ
A. = ■
R2 ln(R/α)
To enhance the effect caused by the electric discharge the intermediate substrate can be coupled with an opposite potential, which is approximately on the same level of magnitude as the corona potential, and thus the ionic mobility further increases, and the potential of the intermediate substrate becomes higher. The electric field created between the corona electrode and the intermediate substrate exerts a force to the powdery particles, which are brought above the intermediate substrate. The force F = QE, wherein Q is the charge and E is the electric field. The normal force of the intermediate substrate is F = qEz(y,z), wherein q is a charge of the powdery particle. The created electric field at the intermediate substrate is described by the equation
Q E = — ^— r, wherein i +
Q = density of the surface charge of the intermediate substrate, εs = relative permittivity between the surfaces of the intermediate substrate, εd = relative permittivity between the surface of the intermediate substrate and the electrode, s = thickness of the intermediate substrate, and d = distance between the surface of the intermediate substrate and the electrode.
To transfer the powdery particles to the web, the web and the powdery particles must be in close proximity, and a force, which exceeds the adhesion or cohesion between the powdery particles and the intermediate substrate must be exerted in the layer of the powdery particles. The transfer is executed by an electric field. The tension, which is created by the transfer can be described by the equation
P(z) = -εiEl , wherein
q(z') = electric charge density of the powdery particles at the location z', E2(z') = electric field in the layer of the powdery particles at the location z', Pm = mechanical stress, E3 = electric field between electrodes, ε3 = dielectric constant of the intermediate substrate, and E3ε3 2 = electric stress caused by the electrodes exerted on the layer of the powdery particles.
The transfer happens when the tension exceeds the adhesion or cohesion forces. The powdery particles to be transferred can be particles from which a coating layer can be formed on a paper web, or they can be particles from which a film layer can be formed on a suitable web, such as a paper web or a plastic web.
The intermediate substrate can be an endless belt, which rotates around guiding rolls close to the web to be treated. The surface of the belt has a certain potential, and the powdery particles having an opposite charge are transferred to the belt. The belt is substantially dielectric because the belt shall maintain its charge until the powdery particles are released from it in a controlled manner. The belt conveys the particles to a location where they are released from the belt and attached to the moving web. No contact of the intermediate belt and the treated web is necessary. The speed of the belt is adjusted so that the accumulated particle layer can be transferred to the web evenly.
The invention is explained by referring to a figure, which shows a schematic view about the method and the device of the invention.
An endless belt 1 rotates around guiding rolls 2. The surface of the belt 1 is charged by a corona charging electrode 3. Powdery particles having a different charge are attached in the powder application area 5 to the charged belt 1. When the belt 1 having a layer of powdery particles on it rotates, the layer of the powdery particles is transferred to the side where the belt 1 is in close proximity of a web W. The web W, for example a paper or plastic web, travels in a production line. Underneath the web W there is an electrode 6 (additional corona charging electrode), which is an opposite potential compared to that of the particle layer on the belt 1 , and having a potential difference compared to the belt. As a consequence, the powdery particles are separated from the belt 1 , and attached to the surface of the moving web W.
The invention is not restricted to the above-mentioned embodiment of the invention but may vary in the scope of the claims.

Claims

Claims:
1. A method for transferring powdery particles onto a web (W) to form a coating layer or a film layer in a dry surface treatment process, characterized in that the powdery particles are attached to an intermediate substrate from which they are released to the web.
2. The method according to claim 1 , characterized in that the powdery particles are attached to the substantially dielectric intermediate substrate by electric forces.
3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the intermediate substrate is corona-charged or tribo-charged.
4. The method according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the powdery particles are released from the intermediate substrate by exerting to the intermediate substrate electric forces, which weaken the attachment of the particles to the intermediate substrate.
5. The method according to any preceding claim, characterized in that the intermediate substrate is an endless belt (1).
6. A device for forming a coating layer or a film layer in a dry surface treatment process comprising means for electrically charging powdery particles, and means for attaching the charged particles onto a web (W), characterized in that the device comprises an intermediate substrate onto which surface the charged powdery particles are arranged to be attached before transferring them to the web.
7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the intermediate substrate is a belt (1).
EP03743900A 2002-03-14 2003-03-11 Transferring of powdery particles onto a web Expired - Lifetime EP1483448B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FI20020479A FI118542B (en) 2002-03-14 2002-03-14 Finishing process
FI20020479 2002-03-14
FI20022029A FI121936B (en) 2002-03-14 2002-11-14 transfer of powdery particles
FI20022029 2002-11-14
PCT/FI2003/000184 WO2003076719A2 (en) 2002-03-14 2003-03-11 Transferring of powdery particles onto a web

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1483448A2 true EP1483448A2 (en) 2004-12-08
EP1483448B1 EP1483448B1 (en) 2009-02-11

Family

ID=26161294

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP03743900A Expired - Lifetime EP1483448B1 (en) 2002-03-14 2003-03-11 Transferring of powdery particles onto a web

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1483448B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE422579T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2003209797A1 (en)
DE (1) DE60326125D1 (en)
FI (1) FI121936B (en)
WO (1) WO2003076719A2 (en)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FI5706U1 (en) 2002-11-21 2003-02-26 Patria New Technologies Oy JTAG test apparatus and testing system
FI115548B (en) * 2004-03-09 2005-05-31 Metso Paper Inc Material transfer method e.g. surface sizing agent to paper during dry coating process, involves providing charged particles of material in material flow path so that particles are transferred directly or indirectly onto surface of paper
FI116799B (en) * 2004-07-02 2006-02-28 Metso Paper Inc Method and apparatus for coating a substrate and printed article
US7208429B2 (en) 2004-12-02 2007-04-24 The Procter + Gamble Company Fibrous structures comprising a nonoparticle additive
US7459179B2 (en) 2004-12-02 2008-12-02 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for making a fibrous structure comprising an additive
US7976679B2 (en) 2004-12-02 2011-07-12 The Procter & Gamble Company Fibrous structures comprising a low surface energy additive

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3549403A (en) * 1968-02-19 1970-12-22 Eastman Kodak Co Method of coating paper with thermoplastic resins
ES2159390T3 (en) * 1996-03-26 2001-10-01 Dsm Nv PROCEDURE FOR COATING A SIMILAR SUBSTRATE TO CARTON OR PAPER WITH A POWDER PAINT COMPOSITION.
SE509109C2 (en) * 1997-04-21 1998-12-07 Perstorp Ab Process for the production of abrasion resistant thermosetting laminates
DE19830650C1 (en) * 1998-07-09 1999-08-12 Lohmann Therapie Syst Lts Dry copying to give bonded active ingredients at a substrate surface for transdermal therapy
GB9929946D0 (en) * 1999-12-17 2000-02-09 Phoqus Limited Electrostatic application of powder material to solid dosage forms
DE19963833A1 (en) * 1999-12-30 2001-07-19 Sca Hygiene Prod Gmbh Process for applying treatment chemicals to a flat fiber-based product via a circulating belt and flat products produced therewith

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO03076719A2 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU2003209797A1 (en) 2003-09-22
WO2003076719A2 (en) 2003-09-18
AU2003209797A8 (en) 2003-09-22
FI20022029A0 (en) 2002-11-14
DE60326125D1 (en) 2009-03-26
FI20022029A7 (en) 2003-09-15
WO2003076719A3 (en) 2003-12-11
FI121936B (en) 2011-06-15
EP1483448B1 (en) 2009-02-11
ATE422579T1 (en) 2009-02-15

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
JP2009543365A (en) Method and apparatus for printing and printed products
EP1870169B1 (en) Coater of electric insulating sheet and method for producing electric insulating sheet with coated film
WO2003076719A2 (en) Transferring of powdery particles onto a web
EP0786707A3 (en) Donor rolls with capacitively cushioned commutation
GB0330258D0 (en) Powder coating process with electrostatically charged fluidised bed
AU639046B2 (en) Method of electrostatically depositing smaller particles fir st
US5032422A (en) Electrostatically depositing and electrostatically neutralizing
EP1031888A3 (en) Charging member, process cartridge, and image forming apparatus
MXPA02009842A (en) Electrostatically assisted coating method and apparatus with focused web charge field.
US6127003A (en) Method of coating a substrate including a charging step and apparatus for carrying out the method
FI121039B (en) Grounding electrode and method where it is used
CN100370373C (en) Electrophotographic printing device
EP0938385B1 (en) Procedure and apparatus for transferring of addition to the surface of a movable material web
EP0811891A3 (en) Image forming apparatus
CN108966662A (en) Nano-fiber manufacturing apparatus
US7123867B2 (en) Electrophotographic printing device
US5745144A (en) Field effect toning method
JP2017076773A (en) Substrate chucking method and system by charging process
JPS63264158A (en) Method and device for forming film
JPH0135703B2 (en)
EP3471121A1 (en) Method for dry coating a separator with electrode material, electrostatic dry coating device, and a separator being dry coated
WO2003076718A2 (en) A method for treating powdery particles
US6242051B1 (en) Coating method using electrostatic assist
US20030059548A1 (en) Method for using a patterned backing roller for curtain coating a liquid composition to a web
US4362804A (en) Method of toner transfer with pulse bias

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20040723

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR

AX Request for extension of the european patent

Extension state: AL LT LV MK

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 20060905

GRAP Despatch of communication of intention to grant a patent

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR1

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HU IE IT LI LU MC NL PT RO SE SI SK TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 60326125

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 20090326

Kind code of ref document: P

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090522

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090211

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090211

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090211

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090511

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090211

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090211

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090211

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090713

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20090331

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090211

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090211

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090211

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST

Effective date: 20091130

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20091112

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 20090511

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20090311

Ref country code: BG

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090511

Ref country code: LI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20090331

Ref country code: CH

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20090331

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20091123

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20090511

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090512

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090211

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20090311

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: HU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090812

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: TR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090211

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: CY

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20090211

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20130321

Year of fee payment: 11

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Payment date: 20130313

Year of fee payment: 11

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 60326125

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: MM01

Ref document number: 422579

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20140311

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R119

Ref document number: 60326125

Country of ref document: DE

Effective date: 20141001

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20141001

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: AT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20140311