EP1467051A2 - Opening and closing system for back doors of light commercial vehicles and vans - Google Patents

Abstract

The system has at least one rotary or pivoting hinge (4,5) between the door (3) and the frame of the door opening for opening the door with an opening angle of approximately 90 degrees. The hinge carries a bearing on the door side on which the door is mounted and guided to be linearly movable.

Description

The invention relates to a system for opening and closing rear doors on light Commercial vehicles and vans with at least one rotary or swivel hinge between the door and a frame of a door opening for opening the door with an opening angle of approx. 90 °. The invention also relates to tailgates and a method of opening and closing doors and flaps in particular at the rear of motor vehicles and on a set of fittings for Manufacture of a system of the aforementioned type and on one equipped with the system Motor vehicle.

Hinged revolving doors for light commercial vehicles are known which can be operated by means of articulated encoders Open multi-joint hinges in opening positions of 90 °, 180 ° or 270 ° to let. With an opening angle of approx. 270 °, the rear door lies on the side wall of the Vehicle on and is locked there by means of a separate magnet holder. An opening angle the rear door of approx. 270 ° allows free access to the cargo area of the vehicle from the rear. In the 270 ° open position, the door also forms no annoying obstacle when loading and unloading the vehicle as in the 90 ° - or 180 ° position. But to reach the 270 ° open position, the door takes one large free swivel space, the z. B. in confined spaces in the inner city Area is often unavailable. Also leave on the sides of the vehicle attached cargo space sliding doors depending on shape and location - especially in the pulled back position - no rear door opening position of 270 ° to.

There is therefore the task of a door system for the rear area of motor vehicles to create that allows the door to be opened as far as possible without this further swivel space is used.

Starting from a system of the type mentioned at the outset, this task is solved proposed according to the invention that the hinge carries a bearing on the door side which the door is mounted and guided linearly.

According to the invention, the door is consequently not directly on the door-side hinge part attached, but the door-side hinge part is or carries a bearing that is moving the door on the hinge allows. The hinge part on the door consequently has two Functions. Together with the frame-side hinge part, it allows on the one hand the rotating or swiveling movement of the door to open it with an opening angle of approx. 90 °. On the other hand, the bearing on the door-side hinge part allows one second movement, namely a guided displacement of the door so that when opening connect the door to the turning or pivoting movement of the door can.

For this purpose, the bearing with the door is preferably in the open position by the hinge the door rotated or pivoted from approx. 90 ° into a position in which the Door next to the outer wall of the vehicle, preferably its side wall, in Can move forward direction of the same. This ideally poses the Task solved by namely a maximum opening position of the door in the so-called. 270 ° open position reached, but without rotating or swiveling it the door is required beyond 90 °. Because to reach the 270 ° open position becomes the critical, because there is often no wide swivel space not used here besides the vehicle. Instead, you reach the 270 ° opening position the door by simply moving the door right next to the Outer wall of the vehicle in the forward direction from the 90 ° open position.

The displacement of the door can also happen earlier. B. at an opening angle of Use 30 ° or 45 ° to create the required swivel space for the door behind the To keep the vehicle as low as possible. So a combined swivel and Result in sliding movement.

The system according to the invention can also be used for tailgates that can be opened be pivoted upwards by approx. 90 ° and then with low vehicles and accordingly disrupt short doors when loading and unloading or with large rear openings occupy a correspondingly long rear space with high doors. To avoid these disadvantages, the system according to the invention, in which a movement of the door or flap takes place, even on tailgates apply. These are preferably from the 90 ° open position above of the rear roof area moved in the forward direction of the vehicle, so that the entire Rear opening of the vehicle without any obstacle in this area for the patient Unloading is available. This is the first time that the vehicle is loaded with Forklifts possible, which so far because of the protruding in the open position Tailgates cannot be used. If you look at the displacement of the tailgate earlier - e.g. B. in the 30 ° opening position, you need to Swiveling the tailgate up only a relatively short space behind the vehicle and handling becomes easier. The system according to the invention is primary however, have been developed to improve the handling of tailgates that are used for Opening and closing around substantially vertical or slightly inclined Axes are rotated or swiveled.

The system according to the invention can easily be constructed and used in such a way that that any collision between the tailgate and a possibly existing one Load compartment sliding door is prevented. In addition, one achieves according to the invention. that the tailgate - in contrast to a 270 ° swivel - now with its inside opposite the side wall or the loading space sliding door. This new arrangement has a particularly advantageous effect on cambered doors, now the bulges run in the same direction.

The axis of rotation or the pivot axes of the hinge preferably run on Vehicle essentially vertical or slightly oblique with respect to the vertical inclined (claim 3). It is also preferred that the axis of rotation or the pivot axes of the hinge are arranged in the area of the D-pillar of the vehicle (claim 4).

An essential development of the invention is that the bearing from one Support element on the door part of the hinge and a linearly movable on the support element stored guide element, which is on the inside of the door in the direction of travel the vehicle is attached pointing (claim 5). With this construction the bearing, which is located on the door part of the hinge, from an articulated there Support element and a guide element formed, which is linearly movable on the support element is. This guide element is attached to the inside of the door and carries the Door.

The guide element preferably consists of a guide profile z. B. from a Rod with a round or angular cross-section that slides or on the support element is mounted on a roll and carried (claim 6). That on the door-side hinge part Articulated support element forms the receptacle and the bearing for the attached to the door Guide profile. With the linear sliding movement or displacement of the door next to the outer wall of the vehicle slides the guide profile in the support element. For this purpose, sliding blocks, rollers, etc. can be provided on the support element.

The support element preferably has a support sleeve with at least one ball guide bushing with a circular cross-section tube attached to the door forms a plain bearing or sliding bearing (claim 7). This construction leaves produce themselves with relatively little effort and ensures reliable and secure reception and guidance of the door in any position of use, both in the Shoot position as well as when turning or pivoting into the open position and especially when moving next to the side wall of the vehicle in the rear area.

Basically, the invention can be done with a hinge and a corresponding one realize effective bearing on the door side. However, it is preferred that the door by one upper and is rotatably or pivotably held by a lower hinge and both hinges each carry a bearing for moving the door (claim 8). On in this way the door is held securely on the frame of the vehicle in any position and led.

An essential development of the invention is that a locking of the Door is possible in any position of its linear path, e.g. B. by a spring rocker, which comes into engagement with the guide profile (claim 9). The spring rocker is conveniently operated by hand. It holds the door during the turning or swiveling movement in their starting position in the warehouse on the door-side hinge part. Once released the door can be easily moved.

Basically, the invention can be arranged centrally or centrally or two over or realize one-piece hinges arranged one below the other on the door side Bear bearings on which the door is slidably mounted and guided. However, it is preferred that the hinge is designed as a multi-joint hinge with two hinge arms is, each with one end to a frame bracket and the other end are hinged to the bearing (claim 10). A multi-joint hinge with two hinge arms has, as will become apparent from an exemplary embodiment later, in particular the advantage that the door is easier to move from the closed position to a 90 ° position can be pivoted, depending on the course of the side wall of the Vehicle in the rear area takes a position in which it is collision-free next to the side wall of the vehicle can be moved to the end position in which it Has completely left the door opening area. A multi-joint hinge leaves for the movement more variation options too.

The essentially vertical pivot axes of the two hinge arms are preferably spaced apart on the one hand on the frame console and on the other hinged to the camp and shaped and dimensioned such that the camp when opening the door with it from a starting position around the D-pillar of the Vehicle frame around to a standby position in the open position of the door is pivoted in which the door by means of the bearing in a position outside next to can push the vehicle side wall forward (claim 11). Here are the joints the hinge arms are dimensioned so that they carry the door securely and the bearing in the Reliably hold the 90 ° opening position of the door so that the door can lock itself more precisely Guide can be moved in a directionally stable manner.

The hinges of the hinge arms preferably each exist on the door and frame side from pivot pins and joint sleeves (claim 12), which also have high loading moments be able to record.

Preferably, there is a frame-side door lock for locking the door in the 90 ° open position available (claim 13). This is useful as a locking clamp for one of the hinge arms formed in the frame bracket (claim 14), so that in this simple way the hinge arms are held in the 90 ° open position of the door if the door is to be moved.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Teilansicht des linken Heckbereichs eines Fahrzeugs mit einer Hecköffnung und einem um ca. 10° geöffneten Flügel einer Hecktür;

Fig. 2

eine Teilansicht des Heckbereichs von Fig. 1 mit dem linken Türflügel, der um 90° verschwenkt und entlang der Seitenwandung des Fahrzeugs im Abstand von dieser in eine Endposition nach vorn geschoben ist;

Fig. 3

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines oberen Mehrgelenkscharniers mit zwei Scharnierarmen und einem Lager, mit dem sich die Tür, wie in Fig. 2 dargestellt. nach vorn verschieben läßt, dargestellt in der Schließstellung der Tür;

Fig. 4

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines unteren Mehrgelenkscharniers mit zwei Scharnierarmen und einem Lager zum Verschieben der Tür wie in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines an eins der Mehrgelenkscharniere von Fig. 3 und 4 angelenkten Türteils des Scharniers mit einem Tragelement;

Fig. 6

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Kugelführungsbuchse zum Einsetzen in das Tragelement von Fig. 5;

Fig. 7

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Säulenteils des vorerwähnten Mehrgelenkscharniers mit einem Türfeststeller;

Fig. 8

eine perspektivische Darstellung eines ersten Scharnierarms des oberen in Fig. i und 2 dargestellten Mehrgelenlacharniers;

Fig. 9

eine perspektivische Darstellung des zweiten Scharnierarms des oberen linken in Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Nlehrgelenlacharniers;

Fig. 10

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Teilbereichs der Tür von Fig. 1 und 2 zur Darstellung einer unten sowie innen an der Tür angebrachten Halterung zur Befestigung eines Führungsprofils;

Fig. 11

eine perspektivische Teildarstellung des äußeren unteren Türbereichs zur Darstellung einer Halterung für die Befestigung des anderen Endes des Führungsprofils;

Fig. 12

eine schematische Schnittansicht einer Arretierung der Tür in beliebiger Position auf dem vorerwähnten Führungsprofil;

Fig. 13

eine perspektivische Ansicht einer zusammengebauten Einheit aus dem vorgenannten Mehrgelenkscharnier mit zwei Scharnierarmen und einem Lager an dem türseitigen Scharnierteil mit einem Tragelement für das Führungsprofil zum Verschieben der Tür, dargestellt in deren Endstellung vorn neben der Seitenwand des Fahrzeugs;

Fig. 14

eine schematische Darstellung der Tür in mehreren Positionen am Heck eines Fahrzeugs als Draufsicht;

Fig. 15

eine ähnliche schematische Ansicht wie in Fig. 14, jedoch mit einer mit einem Mehrgelenkscharnier an der linken D-Säule des Fahrzeugs angelenkten Tür in der Schließstellung;

Fig. 16

eine Darstellung wie in Fig. 15, jedoch nach Verschwenken der Tür in eine Position mit einem Öffnungswinkel von ca. 90°;

Fig. 17

eine ähnliche Darstellung wie in Fig. 15, 16, jedoch mit in die Endstellung neben der Seitenwand des Fahrzeugs verschobener Tür.

Exemplary embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to the drawings. The drawings show:

Fig. 1

a partial perspective view of the left rear area of a vehicle with a rear opening and a wing of a rear door opened by approximately 10 °;

Fig. 2

a partial view of the rear area of Figure 1 with the left door wing, which is pivoted by 90 ° and along the side wall of the vehicle at a distance from it is pushed forward into an end position.

Fig. 3

a perspective view of an upper multi-joint hinge with two hinge arms and a bearing with which the door, as shown in Fig. 2. can move forward, shown in the closed position of the door;

Fig. 4

a perspective view of a lower multi-joint hinge with two hinge arms and a bearing for moving the door as in Fig. 3;

Fig. 5

a perspective view of one of the multi-joint hinges of Figures 3 and 4 hinged door part of the hinge with a support member.

Fig. 6

a perspective view of a ball guide bush for insertion into the support element of Fig. 5;

Fig. 7

a perspective view of a column part of the aforementioned multi-joint hinge with a door lock;

Fig. 8

a perspective view of a first hinge arm of the upper multilayer hinge shown in Figures i and 2;

Fig. 9

a perspective view of the second hinge arm of the upper left Nlehrgelenacharnarn shown in Figures 1 and 2.

Fig. 10

a perspective view of a portion of the door of Figures 1 and 2 showing a bracket attached to the bottom and inside of the door for fastening a guide profile.

Fig. 11

a partial perspective view of the outer lower door area to show a bracket for fastening the other end of the guide profile;

Fig. 12

is a schematic sectional view of a lock of the door in any position on the aforementioned guide profile;

Fig. 13

a perspective view of an assembled unit from the aforementioned multi-joint hinge with two hinge arms and a bearing on the door-side hinge part with a support element for the guide profile for moving the door, shown in its end position at the front next to the side wall of the vehicle;

Fig. 14

a schematic representation of the door in several positions at the rear of a vehicle as a plan view;

Fig. 15

14 shows a schematic view similar to that in FIG. 14, but with a door hinged to the left D-pillar of the vehicle with a multi-joint hinge in the closed position;

Fig. 16

a representation as in Figure 15, but after pivoting the door into a position with an opening angle of approximately 90 °.

Fig. 17

a similar representation as in Fig. 15, 16, but with the door moved to the end position next to the side wall of the vehicle.

In Fig. 1, a rear area of a light commercial vehicle is shown, the rear opening 6 encloses and on the left D-pillar 2 a wing of a door 3 with an upper multi-joint hinge 4 and a lower multi-joint hinge 5 pivotable is appropriate. The door 3 is opened by approx. 10 °, i.e. H. from the closed position in the opening direction pivoted.

In Fig. 2, the door 3 is in the so-called end position in which it is pivoted in an open position of approximately 90 ° directly next to the side wall 11 of the body of the vehicle at a short distance from it, but without the risk of a collision with this, is pushed forward in the forward direction of the vehicle. The one for this required structure of the hinge and guide system is explained in more detail below.

In Fig. 3 it is shown that on a frame bracket 12 of the upper hinge 4 means a first hinge arm 7 and a second hinge arm 8 a door part 21 hinged is. The first hinge arm 7 has an articulated sleeve at its frame-side end 17 on that with a first pivot pin 15 between an upper mounting plate 13 and a lower mounting plate 14 of the frame bracket 12 a swivel forms. Accordingly, the second hinge arm is located at the frame end 8 of the upper hinge 4, an articulated sleeve 18 which is connected to a second articulated pin 16 also forms a swivel between the receiving plates 13, 14. On the other end of the hinge arms 7, 8 are in each case on the door part 21 of the upper hinge 4 Articulated sleeves 17a (FIG. 8) or 18a (FIG. 9) with corresponding articulated pins 19 or 20 (FIG. 5) between mounting plates 21a, 21b of the door part 21 of the upper hinge 4 corresponding swivel joints formed.

The door part 21 of the upper hinge 4 comprises a bearing 24 (Fig. 3), which consists of a support element 22 and a guide element slidably mounted in the support element 22 23 exists. The guide element 23 is in the present exemplary embodiment designed as a guide profile, namely as a rod or tube with a round cross-section. The support element 22 encloses a one-part or multi-part ball guide bush 25 (Fig. 6), in the bearing opening 26, the guide member 23 slidably guided and is worn.

As can be seen from FIG. 7 in connection with FIG. 3, there is between the receiving plates 13, 14, a latching clamp 28 is fastened to the frame bracket 12 as a door retainer 27. If, as will be explained, the hinge arms 7, 8 of the upper hinge 4 from the 3 shown in the closed position of the door 3 (the door itself is not shown) at Opening the door 3 in its open position with an opening angle of the door 3 of approx. Are pivoted 90 °, the frame-side end of the first hinge arm 7 of the upper hinge 4 with the locking clamp 28 in engagement, so that in this way upper hinge 4 and the door 3 itself is locked in this position. This position of the upper hinge 4 is shown in FIG. 13.

Determine the shape and dimensions as well as the position of the frame and door joints the movement of the hinge arms 7, 8 and this in turn the location of the Door 3, if this is pivoted to open or close, as from the Drawings 14-17 can be seen.

The basic structure of the lower hinge 5 corresponds to that of the first Arm 9 and the second arm 10 and the other components of this hinge upper hinge 4, even if the shape and dimensions of the hinge arms 9, 10 of the lower hinge 5 deviate from the hinge arms 7, 8 of the upper hinge, because they respect the prescribed trajectory, the lower half of the door 3 or because of different training of the lower frame section cause correspondingly different trajectory of the lower door cut. Yet are such components of the lower hinge 5 in to report repetitions Fig. 4, which correspond to components of the upper hinge 4 in Fig. 3, with the same reference numerals provided that have only an accent to distinguish them.

1, the rod-shaped or tubular guide elements are 23 or 23 'attached to the inside of door 3. The ends of the upper guide element 23 are anchored in the door frame. The ends of the lower rod or tubular guide element 23 'are on brackets 29, 30 at the lower edge of the door confirmed, which can also be seen in Figs. 10 and 11.

12 schematically shows a locking device 31 for the tubular guide element 23 shown in the form of a spring rocker 32. The spring rocker 32 has a first and a second leg 35 and 36 made of spring plate in the form and arrangement shown on. The guide element 23 engages through openings 33, 34 in the legs 35, 36 of the spring rocker 32. By tightening a manually operated cable or Bowden cable 37, the lock 31 is released and by releasing the not shown Handle of the cable 37 is reactivated. In this way, the guide element 23, which in the support member 22 of the door part 21 of the upper hinge 4 by the inserted ball guide bushes 25 is guided and held in any position linear sliding movement can be stopped and locked.

1, the door 3 is above the rod-shaped or tubular guide elements 23, 23 'slidably on the support elements 22 of the door parts 21, 21' of the upper and the lower hinge 4 and 5 not only held and carried but above all also slidably mounted.

The structure and the mode of operation of the hinge 4 are clearly shown in FIG. 13, where the door 3 is shown in its end position, which will be explained.

The above described construction of the upper and lower hinges 4, 5 and upper and lower bearings 24, 24 'allowed in connection with the structure and the Function of the other components a movement of the door 3 when opening and Infer the four iteration steps in Fig. 14 as well as showing various Positions of the door 3 is shown in Figs. 15, 16 and 17 and will be explained below.

In Fig. 14 the door 3 is in the closed position; in which they refer to the rear opening 6- the door leaf shown - closes, designated 3a. When opening the door takes 3 after a swivel angle of approx. 10 ° enter position-3b and then go over the Intermediate position 3c in the 90 ° position 3d, in which, as shown in Fig. 13, the 14, first hinge arm 7, not shown, engages in the locking clamp 28 and is held. After releasing the lock 31 (Fig. 12) with the cable 37, the Now move door 3 along the side wall 11 of the vehicle into the end position 3e, the guide elements 23, 23 'fastened in the door 3 in the support elements 22, 22 'slide. The sequence of movements illustrated in FIG. 14 when pivoting and the subsequent linear movement of the door 3 illustrates the minimum Space required by the door 3 when it slides around the D-pillar 2 - in Contrary to a pure pivoting movement of doors with a pivoting angle of 270 °, these doors then also directly into a position such as the end position 3e next to or on the side wall 11 of the body of the vehicle, but with considerable space requirement for this pivoting movement.

The closed position 3a of the door 3 is also shown schematically in FIG. 15, and it the first and second hinge arms 7 and 8 of the upper hinge 4 are also shown. When the door 3 is opened and pivoted, the result shown in FIG. 16 is obtained Open position 3d of the door 3, it being clear that the indication is 90 ° is an approximation. The hinge arms 7, 8 of the upper hinge 4 have their Outermost position reached on the frame-side hinge part, and the arm 7 is in the Locking clamp 28 snapped in (FIG. 13), so that the linear displacement of the door 3 can connect to the end position 3e shown in FIG. 17.

When the door 3 is closed, it is released from the end position after the locking device 31 has been released 3e retracted to the 90 ° position of FIG. 16 and then again into the 15 shown by means of hinge 4 (and the lower hinge 5) swiveled.

Claims (14)

System for opening and closing rear doors on light commercial vehicles and vans, with at least one rotating or swivel hinge between the door and the frame of the door opening for opening the door with an opening angle of approx. 90 °,
characterized in that
the hinge (4, 5) on the door side carries a bearing (24, 24 ') on which the door (3) is mounted and guided in a linearly displaceable manner. System according to Claim 1, characterized in that the bearing (24, 24 ') with the door (3) is rotated into a position by the hinge (4, 5) in an open position of the door (3) of approximately 90 ° or less or is pivoted, in which the door (3) next to the outer wall of the vehicle, preferably its side wall (11), can be moved in the forward direction of the vehicle. System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the axis of rotation or the pivot axes of the hinge (4, 5) on the vehicle are substantially vertical or inclined relative to the vertical. System according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the axes of rotation or the pivot axes of the hinge (4, 5) are arranged in the region of the D-pillar (2) of the vehicle. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the bearing (24, 24 ') consists of a support element (22) on the door part (21) of the hinge (4) and a guide element (23) which is linearly movable on the support element (22) ), which is attached to the inside of the door (3) pointing in the direction of travel of the vehicle. System according to claim 5, characterized in that the guide element (23) from a guide profile z. B. consists of a rod with a round or angular cross section, which is slidably or rollably mounted on the support element (22). System according to claim 6, characterized in that the support element (22) has a support sleeve with at least one ball guide bushing (25) which forms a slide bearing or sliding bearing with a tube of circular cross section fastened in the door (3) as the guide element (23) , System according to one of claims 4-7, characterized in that the door (3) is rotatably or pivotably held by an upper and a lower hinge (4, 5) and both hinges (4, 5) each have a bearing (24 , 24) to move the door (3). System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the door (3) can be locked in any position on its linear path, e.g. B. by a spring rocker (32). System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the hinge (4, 5) is designed as a multi-joint hinge with two hinge arms (7, 8; 9, 10), each having one end on a frame bracket and the other end on the Bearings (24, 24 ') are articulated. System according to Claim 10, characterized in that the essentially vertical pivot axes of the two hinge arms (7, 8; 9, 10) are articulated in such a way next to one another on the frame bracket and on the other hand on the bearing (24, 24 ') and shaped and are dimensioned so that the bearing (24, 24 ') when opening the door (3) from a starting position around the D-pillar (2) of the vehicle frame to a standby position in the open position of the door (3) of approximately 90 ° or is pivoted less, in which the door (3) can be pushed forward by the bearing (24, 24 ') into a position outside next to the vehicle side wall (11) to an end position. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the joints of the hinge arms (7, 8; 9, 10) on the door and frame sides each consist of joint pins (19, 20) and joint sleeves (17, 18). System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a frame-side door retainer (27) for locking the door in the 90 ° open position. System according to claim 13, characterized in that the door retainer (27) is designed as a latching clamp (28) for one of the hinge arms (7, 8) in the frame bracket.

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