EP1463851A1

EP1463851A1 - Spinning device and method having cooling by blowing

Info

Publication number: EP1463851A1
Application number: EP02806017A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Stefan Zikeli; Friedrich Ecker
Original assignee: ZiAG Plant Engineering GmbH
Current assignee: LL Plant Engineering AG
Priority date: 2002-01-08
Filing date: 2002-11-11
Publication date: 2004-10-06
Anticipated expiration: 2022-11-11
Also published as: MY128961A; TW591135B; TW200301789A; BR0215466A; CN1325707C; ZA200405030B; US7364681B2; KR100590981B1; ATE291113T1; EP1463851B1; AU2002356578A1; US20050035487A1; DE50202515D1; DE10200405A1; CN1608150A; WO2003057951A1; CA2465286A1; KR20040063968A

Abstract

The invention relates to device for producing endless shaped bodies from a molding compound, such as a spinning solution containing water, cellulose and tertiary amine oxide. The device (1) comprises a nozzle plate (3) with extrusion openings (4), through which the molding compound is extruded to form essentially thread-shaped endless shaped bodies (5). The endless shaped bodies (5) are guided through an air gap (6) and, inside a precipitation bath (9), are guided by a redirecting element (10) to a bundling device (12) where they are combined to form a fiber bundle. A blowing device (14) is provided inside the air gap and directs a cooling gas steam toward the endless shaped bodies (5) in a direction perpendicular to the lead-through direction (7). In order to improve the spinning certainty and the mechanical properties of the endless shaped bodies, the invention provides that a first shielding area (20) is placed directly in front of the extrusion openings (4) that shields the extrusion openings from the action of the cooling gas stream.

Description

COOLING BLOW SPIDER AND METHOD

The invention relates to a device for the production of continuous moldings from a molding composition, such as a spinning solution containing cellulose, water and tertiary amine oxide, with a large number of extrusion openings through which the molding composition can be extruded into continuous moldings during operation, with a precipitation bath and with a between the Extrusion openings and the precipitation bath arranged air gap, wherein the continuous molded body are successively passed through the air gap and the precipitation bath and in the area of the air gap, a gas stream is directed to the continuous molded body.

The basics of the production of continuous forms, such as Lyocell fibers, from a spinning solution containing cellulose, water and tertiary amine oxide, preferably N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide (NMMNO), are described in US Pat. No. 4,246,221. Accordingly, the production of continuous moldings essentially takes place in three steps: First, the spinning solution is extruded through a large number of extrusion openings to form continuous moldings. Then the continuous molded articles are stretched in an air gap, whereby the desired fiber strength is set, and then passed through a precipitation bath, where they coagulate.

The advantage of Lyocell fibers or corresponding continuous shapes lies on the one hand in the particularly environmentally friendly manufacturing process, which enables almost complete recovery of the amine oxide, and on the other hand in the excellent textile properties of the Lyocell fibers.

The problem with the method, however, is that the freshly extruded continuous moldings have a strong surface tack which only decreases when they come into contact with a precipitant. When the continuous moldings are passed through the air gap, there is therefore a risk that the continuous moldings will touch one another and immediately stick to one another. The risk of sticking can be reduced by adapting the operating and process parameters such as tension in the air gap, air gap height, thread density, viscosity, temperature and spinning speed. However, if such sticking occurs, this has a negative impact on the manufacturing process and fiber quality, since gluing can lead to tearing and thick spots in the endless shapes. In the worst case, the manufacturing process has to be interrupted and the spinning process started again, which causes high costs.

Nowadays, manufacturers of continuous forms, such as the yarn manufacturers as part of the textile processing chain, are required to be free of sticking i.e. the individual stacks of filaments must not be glued together, as this would lead to irregularities in the yarn thickness, for example.

However, high efficiency in the production of Lyocell fibers, mainly staple fibers and filaments, can only be achieved if the spinneret openings are arranged at a short distance from each other. A smaller distance increases the risk of sticking in the air gap due to accidental contact with the endless molded body.

To improve the mechanical and textile properties of Lyocell fibers, it is advantageous if the air gap is as large as possible, since with a large air gap the stretching of the threads is distributed over a longer length and stresses in the just-extruded endless form are more easily reduced can be. However, the larger the air gap, the lower the spinning security or the greater the risk that the manufacturing process has to be interrupted due to spun thread bonds.

Based on the basics of US 4,246,221, there are some solutions in the prior art which attempt to improve both the economy and the spinning safety in the production of continuous moldings from a spinning solution containing cellulose and tertiary amine oxide.

A method is described in US Pat. No. 4,261,941 and US Pat. No. 4,416,698 in which the continuous moldings are brought into contact with a non-solvent immediately after the extrusion in order to reduce the surface tack. put. The continuous moldings are then passed through a precipitation bath. However, the additional wetting of the continuous shaped body by the non-solvent before it is passed through the precipitation bath is too complex and expensive for commercial use.

Another way to increase the spin density, i.e. the number of extrusion openings per unit area is followed in WO 93/19230: in the device described there, the continuous moldings are cooled with a cooling air stream immediately after the extrusion by horizontal blowing transversely to the direction of extrusion. This measure reduces the surface stickiness of the endless molded body and the air gap can be extended.

The problem with this solution, however, is that the cooling air flow interacts with the extrusion process at the extrusion openings and can have a negative effect on it. In particular, it has been found in the method of WO 93/19230 that the spun threads are not of uniform quality, since they are not all captured by the cooling air flow in the same way. The risk of sticking is in any case not sufficiently reduced in the process of WO 98/19230.

In order to enable a uniform blowing of the endless molded body immediately after the exit from the extrusion openings, an annular nozzle is used in the device of WO 95/01470, in which the extrusion openings are distributed over a substantially circular surface. The blowing with a cooling air flow takes place horizontally outwards through the center of the ring nozzle and the circular ring of the endless molded bodies. The air flow is kept laminar at its outlet from the blowing device. The formation of a laminar air flow is obviously significantly enhanced by the air guiding device mentioned in the patent.

WO 95/04173 relates to a design development of the ring nozzle and the blowing device, which is essentially based on the device of WO 95/01470. Although the solutions of WO 95/01470 and WO 95/04173 actually lead to a more uniform blowing, the ring arrangement of the endless moldings leads to problems in the passage of the endless moldings through the precipitation bath: since the endless moldings dip into the precipitation bath as a circular ring and the precipitation liquid in the coagulation bath, an area undersupplied with coagulation liquid arises in the area between the continuous moldings, which leads to a compensating flow through the ring of the continuous moldings and to a churned up coagulation bath surface, which in turn leads to the occurrence of fiber sticking. In addition, it can also be observed in the solutions of WO 95/01470 and WO 95/04173 that the extrusion conditions at the extrusion openings, which are essential for the mechanical and textile product properties, are difficult to control.

As an alternative to the ring nozzle arrangements, segmented rectangular nozzle arrangements have been developed in the art, i.e. Nozzles in which the extrusion orifices are arranged essentially in a row on a substantially rectangular base area. Such a segmented rectangular nozzle arrangement is shown in WO 94/28218. In this device, blowing takes place with a cooling air flow transversely to the direction of extrusion, the cooling air flow extending along the longer side of the rectangular nozzle arrangement. After passage through the endless moldings, the cooling air flow is sucked off again in the device of WO 94/28218. The extraction is necessary so that the air flow can be directed through the entire cross section of the air gap.

In WO 98/18983 the concept of rectangular nozzles with extrusion openings arranged in rows has been further developed. WO 98/18983 is based on the fact that the extrusion openings in a row are spaced differently than the rows of the extrusion openings with one another.

Finally, in WO 01/68958, blowing is carried out essentially transversely to the direction in which the continuous moldings are passed through the air gap with a lower different objectives described. The blowing by means of an air stream does not serve to cool the endless molded bodies, but to calm the surface of the precipitation bath of the precipitation bath in the area in which the endless molded bodies are immersed in the precipitation bath or in the spinning funnel: according to the teaching of WO 01/68958, the length of the Increase the air gap considerably when the blowing becomes effective at the immersion points of the capillary sheets in the precipitation bath in order to calm the movement of the surface of the spinning bath. It is assumed that the strong bath turbulence typical of spinning funnels is reduced by attaching a calming blower to the surface of the spinning bath by inducing liquid transport on the surface of the precipitation bath through the filaments through the blowing. According to the teaching of WO 01/68958, only a weak air flow is provided for this. It is essential in the teaching WO 01/68958 that the blowing takes place shortly before the endless molded articles enter the spin bath surface. However, with the speeds of the air flow indicated in WO 01/68958 and at the point at which the air flow is used for calming the spinning bath, no cooling effects can be brought about in the continuous shapes.

Thus, in the device of WO 01/68958, in addition to the blowing described there, shortly before the endless moldings enter the spinning bath surface, cooling of the filaments near the extrusion openings is also necessary, as is known from the prior art. However, the additional cooling required leads to a very complex system.

In view of the disadvantages of the solutions known from the prior art, the object of the invention is to create a device and a method by means of which large air gap lengths can be combined with high spinning density and high spinning security with little design effort.

This object is achieved according to the invention for a spinning device mentioned at the outset in that the air gap has a shielding area immediately after the extrusion and one from the extrusion through the shielding area. has openings separate cooling area, wherein the cooling area is determined by the gas stream formed as a cooling gas stream.

The cooling area is therefore the area in which the cooling gas flow hits the endless molded body and cools it.

This solution surprisingly leads to a higher spinning density and a longer air gap than in the conventional devices, in which the cooling area directly reaches the extrusion openings and there is no shielding area.

It seems as if the shielding area, ie the spacing of the cooling gas flow boundary from the extrusion openings, prevents the extrusion openings from cooling and thus negatively influencing the extrusion process at the extrusion openings, which is extremely important for the development of the mechanical and textile properties. Thus, in the embodiment according to the invention, the extrusion process can be carried out with exactly definable and exactly observable parameters, in particular with precise temperature control of the molding compound up to the extrusion openings.

One reason for the surprising effect of the solution according to the invention could be that the continuous moldings expand in a region immediately following the extrusion. The tensile force that causes the endless molded body to stretch only begins to act behind this expansion area. In the expansion area itself, the endless moldings have no orientation and are largely anisotropic. The shielding region apparently prevents the cooling gas flow in the anisotropic expansion region, which is harmful to the fiber properties. The cooling effect in the solution according to the invention does not appear until the tensile force acts on the endless molded body and causes a gradual rectification of the molecules of the endless molded body. In order to avoid that the surface of the precipitation bath is churned up by the cooling gas flow, it can be provided according to a particularly advantageous embodiment of the device that the air gap has, in addition to the first shielding area, a second shielding area by which the cooling area is separated from the precipitation bath surface. The second shielding area prevents the cooling gas flow in the immersion area of the filament coulters from touching the precipitation bath surface and generating waves which could mechanically load the endless moldings upon entry into the precipitation bath surface. The second shielding area is particularly useful if the cooling gas flow has a high speed.

According to a further advantageous embodiment, the quality of the continuous moldings produced can be surprisingly improved if the inclination of the cooling gas flow in the direction of passage or extrusion is greater than the expansion of the cooling gas flow in the flow direction. In this embodiment, the cooling gas flow has a flow component pointing in the direction of passage at every point in the area of the continuous moldings, which supports the stretching in the air gap.

Particularly good shielding of the extrusion process from the influence of the cooling gas flow is achieved when the distance of the cooling area from each extrusion opening is at least 10 mm. At this distance, even stronger cooling gas flows can no longer act on the extrusion process in the extrusion openings.

In particular, according to a further advantageous embodiment, the distance I of the cooling area from each extrusion opening in millimeters can satisfy the following (dimensionless) inequality:

l> H + A ^« [tan (ß) - 0.14],

where H is the distance of the upper edge of the cooling gas flow from the plane of the extrusion openings to the exit of the cooling gas flow in millimeters. A is the distance between the outlet of the cooling gas flow and the last row of the endless molded bodies in millimeters transverse to the direction of passage in which the endless molded bodies are passed through the air gap, usually the horizontal direction. The angle in degrees between the direction of the cooling steel and the direction transverse to the direction of transmission is designated as β. The direction of the cooling gas flow is essentially determined by the center axis or - in the case of flat cooling flows - the center plane of the cooling gas flow. If this dimensioning formula is followed, the spinning quality and the spinning safety can surprisingly be greatly improved.

The angle β can assume a value of up to 40 °. Regardless of the angle ß, the value H should always be greater than 0 in order to avoid influencing the extrusion process. The distance A can correspond to at least a thickness E of the curtain of the endless molded body transverse to the direction of passage. The thickness E of the thread curtain is at most 40 mm, preferably at most 30 mm, more preferably at most 25 mm. The distance A can in particular be 5 mm or, preferably, 10 mm larger than the thickness E of the thread curtain.

It has also surprisingly been found that the spinning quality and the spinning safety increase if between the height L of the air gap in the direction of passage in millimeters, the distance I of the cooling area from the continuous moldings in the direction of passage in millimeters, the distance A between the outlet of the cooling gas stream and the The following (dimensionless) relationship in the area of the air gap occupied by the continuous moldings is fulfilled in the flow direction of the last row of continuous moldings transverse to the direction of passage in millimeters and the height B of the cooling gas flow in the direction of passage in millimeters:

L> I + 0.28 • A + B

The device according to the invention is particularly suitable for the production of continuous moldings from a spinning solution, which have a zero shear viscosity of at least 10000 Pas, preferably at least 15000 Pas, at 85 ° C measuring temperature. By adjusting the viscosity of the molding compound, which is essentially due to the selection of the cellulose type and the cellulose and water concentration in the spinning solution, the extrudate is given a certain intrinsic or basic strength so that it can be warped into molded articles. At the same time, the necessary viscosity range can be set by adding stabilizers and by carrying out the reaction in the preparation of the solution.

According to a further embodiment, the spinning process can be improved in that the cooling gas stream is designed as a turbulent stream, in particular as a turbulent gas stream. So far, it has probably been assumed in the prior art that cooling in Lyocell spun threads can only take place by means of a laminar cooling gas stream, since a laminar cooling gas stream generates a lower surface friction in the continuous moldings than a turbulent stream and the endless molded bodies are therefore less mechanically loaded and moved ,

Surprisingly, it has now been found that in the case of a cooling gas stream emerging from the blowing device at high turbulence and at the same cooling capacity as with a laminar cooling gas stream, far less blowing air or gas quantities seem necessary than originally suspected. Due to the reduced amount of blown air, which is preferably achieved due to small gas flow cross sections, the surface friction on the continuous moldings can be kept small despite turbulent blowing, so that there is no negative influence on the spinning process.

The positive effect of the turbulent cooling gas flow is all the more astonishing since, according to general flow theory, an improved cooling effect in turbulent flow could only be expected with a small number of rows. In order to operate the spinning process economically with a high hole density, it is necessary to provide a large number of rows, so that, according to fluid mechanics, only a fraction of the continuous moldings should actually benefit from the improved heat exchange conditions. Nevertheless, when using a turbulent cooling gas flow at high speed an improved spinning behavior even in the last rows most distant from the cooling gas flow.

With turbulent and high-speed cooling blowing, it would have been further expected that the high speeds would blow the filaments and thus stick them together. Surprisingly, however, it has been shown that there is no impairment of the spinning threads, but on the contrary, when using small turbulent gas flows, the gas requirement can be drastically reduced and the risk of sticking is very low. Fiber titers of less than 0.6 dtex can be easily spun with turbulent cooling gas flows. The aspect of turbulent gas stream cooling is also advantageous in spinning processes independently of the other developments according to the invention.

A Reynolds number formed with the width of the cooling gas flow in the direction of passage and the speed of the cooling gas flow can be at least 2,500, preferably at least 3,000, in an embodiment of the invention.

In order to penetrate a large number of thread rows, it is very important that the cooling flow is led to the thread sheets in an energy-intensive manner and passed through. In order to meet this requirement, a blowing device for generating the cooling gas flow must be designed such that on the one hand the specific blowing force is high and on the other hand the distribution of the individual cooling flows generated by the blowing device corresponds to the requirements of the thread sheets to be cooled.

According to an advantageous embodiment, the distribution of the individual cooling streams should result in an essentially flat jet pattern (flat jet), the width of the essentially flat jet having to be at least the width of the thread curtain to be cooled. The planar beam pattern distribution can preferably also be formed by individual round, oval, rectangular or other polygonal jets arranged next to one another, and also a plurality of jets arranged one above the other. Brought rows are possible according to the invention to form a flat beam pattern distribution.

The specific blowing force is determined as follows: A nozzle for generating the cooling gas flow with a rectangular (flat) jet pattern distribution and a maximum width of 250 mm is mounted in the blowing direction perpendicular to a baffle plate with an area of 400 x 500 mm mounted on a weighing device. The nozzle outlet, which forms the outlet of the cooling gas flow from the blowing device, is spaced at 50 mm from the baffle plate. Compressed air at 1 bar overpressure is applied to the nozzle and the force acting on the baffle plate is measured and divided by the width of the nozzle in millimeters. The resulting value is the specific blowing force of the nozzle with the unit [mN / mm].

In an advantageous embodiment, a nozzle has a specific blowing force of at least 5-10 mN / mm.

The rectangular die can have a plurality of extrusion openings arranged in rows, wherein the rows can be staggered in the cooling gas flow direction. In order to achieve a good effect of the cooling gas flow also in the rearmost row in the cooling gas flow direction, the number of extrusion openings in the row direction can be greater in the direction of the cooling gas flow than in the cooling gas flow direction.

When using rectangular nozzles, in particular the redirection of the endless shaped bodies can take place as an essentially flat curtain within the precipitation bath in the direction of the precipitation bath surface, so that the endless shaped bodies are bundled, i.e. a merging of the endless molded body to an imaginary point outside of the precipitation bath can take place.

The above-mentioned object is also achieved by a process for producing continuous moldings from a molding composition, such as a spinning solution containing water, cellulose and tertiary amine oxide, the molding composition first Continuous mold is extruded, then the endless molded body is passed through an air gap, stretched there and blown with a gas stream and cooled, and then the continuous molded body is passed through a precipitation bath. The endless moldings in the air gap are first passed through a shielding area and then through a cooling area, where they are cooled by the cooling gas flow in the cooling area.

The invention is described in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments and experimental examples.

Show it:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a device according to the invention in a schematic overview.

Fig. 2 shows a first embodiment of the device shown in Fig. 1 in a schematic section along the plane II! I of Fig. 1;

FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of the device of FIG. 1 to explain geometric parameters;

Fig. 4 is a schematic representation to explain the processes in an endless molded body immediately after the extrusion.

First, the structure of a device according to the invention is described with reference to FIG. 1.

Fig. 1 shows a device 1 for the production of continuous moldings from a molding material (not shown). The molding composition can in particular be a spinning solution which contains cellulose, water and tertiary amine oxide. N-methyl-morpholine-N-oxide can be used as the tertiary amine oxide. The zero shear viscosity of the molding compound at approximately 85 ° C is between 10,000 to approximately 30,000 Pas. The device 1 has an extrusion head 2, which is provided at its lower end with a substantially rectangular, completely drilled nozzle plate 3 as a base. A plurality of extrusion openings 4 arranged in rows is provided in the nozzle plate 3. The number of rows shown in the figures is only for illustration.

The molding compound is heated and passed through the preferably heated extrusion openings, where an endless molding 5 is extruded through each extrusion opening. As shown schematically in FIG. 1, each endless molded body 5 can be essentially thread-like.

The endless moldings 5 are extruded into an air gap 6, which they cross in a passage or extrusion direction 7. 1, the extrusion direction 7 can point in the direction of gravity.

After crossing the air gap 6, the endless molded bodies 5 are immersed as an essentially flat curtain in a precipitation bath 9 made of a precipitation agent, for example water. In the precipitation bath 9 there is a deflecting element 10, through which the plane curtain 8 is deflected from the extrusion direction in the direction of the precipitation bath surface as a curtain 11 and is thereby guided to a bundling device 12. The planar curtain is combined into a bundle of threads 13 by the bundling device 12. The bundling device 12 is arranged outside the precipitation bath 9.

As an alternative to the deflecting element 10, the endless moldings can also be passed through the precipitation bath in the direction of passage 7 and exit through a spinning funnel (not shown) on the side opposite the precipitation bath surface 11 on the underside of the precipitation bath. However, this embodiment is disadvantageous in that the consumption of precipitation bath liquid is high, turbulence occurs in the spinning funnel and the separation of the precipitation bath and fiber cable at the funnel outlet is problematic. In the area of the air gap 6, a blowing device 14 is arranged, from which a cooling gas flow 15 emerges, the axis 16 of which runs transversely to the direction of passage 7 or which has at least one main flow component in this direction. In the embodiment of FIG. 1, the cooling gas flow 15 is essentially flat.

The term "flat gas flow" is understood to mean a cooling gas flow whose height B transverse to the direction 16 of the gas flow is smaller, preferably substantially smaller, than the width D of the gas flow in the row direction and which is spaced from fixed walls. As can be seen in FIG. 1, the width direction D of the gas stream runs along the long edge 17 of the rectangular nozzle 3.

A cooling region 19 is determined by the two boundary regions 18a and 18b of the cooling gas flow 15, 18a denoting the upper boundary region facing the nozzle plate 3 and 18b the lower boundary region facing the precipitation bath surface 11. Since the temperature of the flat gas stream 15 is lower than the temperature of the endless molded bodies 5 still heated by the extrusion process, an interaction of the flat gas stream 15 with the endless molded bodies 5 takes place in the cooling area and thus cooling and solidification of the endless molded bodies takes place.

The cooling area 19 is separated from the extrusion openings 4 by a first shielding area 20, in which the endless molded bodies 5 are not cooled.

The cooling area 19 is separated from the precipitation bath surface 11 by a second shielding area 21, in which there is likewise no cooling and / or no air movement.

The first shielding area 20 has the function of leaving the extrusion conditions directly at the extrusion openings as unaffected as possible by the subsequent cooling by the cooling gas flow in the cooling area 19. The second Shielding area 21, on the other hand, has the function of shielding the precipitation bath surface 11 from the cooling gas stream and keeping it as quiet as possible. One possibility of keeping the precipitation bath surface 11 still is to keep the air as stationary as possible in the second shielding area 21.

The blowing device 14 for generating the cooling gas flow 15 has a single-row or multi-row multi-channel nozzle, as is e.g. is offered by the company Lechler GmbH in Metzingen, Germany. In this multichannel nozzle, the cooling gas stream 15 is formed by a multiplicity of circular individual streams with a diameter between 0.5 mm and 5 mm, preferably around 0.8 mm, which combine to form a flat gas stream according to a running distance which is dependent on their diameter and their flow velocity , The individual flows emerge at a speed of at least 20 m / s, preferably at least 30 m / s. Speeds of more than 50 m / s are also possible for the generation of turbulent cooling gas flows. The specific blowing force of a multi-channel nozzle designed in this way should be at least 5 mN / mm, preferably at least 10 mN / mm.

The thickness E of the curtain of continuous shaped bodies 5 to be penetrated by the cooling gas flow, measured transversely to the direction of passage 7, is less than 40 mm in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1. This thickness is essentially determined by whether a sufficient cooling effect is generated by the cooling gas flow in the cooling area 16 in the last row 22 of the endless molded bodies 5 in the gas flow direction 16. Depending on the temperature and speed of the cooling gas flow and the temperature and speed of the extrusion process in the area of the extrusion openings 4, thicknesses E of less than 30 mm or less than 25 mm are also possible.

A special embodiment of the spinning device 1 shown in FIG. 1 is described in FIG. 2. The same reference numerals are used for the elements of the device 1 in FIG. 2 that have already been described in FIG. 1. The embodiment is in a schematic section along the plane II of FIG 1, which forms the plane of symmetry in the width direction D of the stream 15.

Between the height I of the shielding area 20 in millimeters measured in the direction of passage 7, the height L of the air gap 6 measured in the direction of passage 7, the distance A from the outlet of the cooling gas stream 15 from the blowing device 14 to the last row 22 of the endless molded body 5 in millimeters and the width B of the cooling gas flow 15 in the direction transverse to the cooling gas flow direction 16, the dimensionless relationship applies:

L> I + 0.28 • A + B

The distance A can correspond at least to the thickness E of the curtain made of continuous molded bodies 5, but can also preferably be 5 mm or 10 mm larger than E. The sizes L, I, A, B are shown in FIG. 3.

If a cooling gas flow 15 with a round cross section is used, the diameter B of the cooling gas flow 15 can be used instead of the width B.

2 shows an embodiment in which the direction 16 of the cooling gas flow 15 is inclined at an angle β against the perpendicular 23 to the direction of passage 7. In this way, the cooling gas flow 15 has a speed component which points in the direction of passage 7.

In the embodiment of FIG. 2, the angle β is larger than the angle of propagation γ of the cooling gas flow. As a result of this dimensioning rule, the boundary region 18a between the gas flow 15 and the first shielding region 20 is inclined in the direction of passage 7. The angle β shown in Fig. 2 can be up to 40 °. The cooling gas stream 15 has a component in the direction of passage 7 at each point in the cooling region 19.

In the embodiment of FIG. 2, in addition to the inequality for the air gap height L already mentioned, the following inequality is always satisfied, by which the height I of the first shielding region 20 is determined in the transmission direction 7. The following applies:

l> H + A ^» [tan (ß) - 0.14],

the size H represents the distance in the direction of passage 7 between the extrusion openings 4 and the upper edge of the cooling gas stream 15 directly at the outlet from the blowing device 14.

In particular, at no point in the area of the extrusion openings should the height of the first shielding area 20 be less than 10 mm.

The height I of the shielding area can be explained as follows with the aid of FIG. 4, in which an exemplary embodiment is described. 4 shows detail VI of FIG. 3, only a single endless molded body 5 being shown as an example immediately after it emerges from an extrusion opening 4 into the air gap 6.

As can be seen in FIG. 4, the endless molded body 5 expands in an expansion area 24 immediately after the extrusion, before it is reduced again to approximately the diameter of the extrusion opening 4 under the action of the tensile force. The diameter of the continuous molded body transverse to the direction of passage 7 can be up to three times the diameter of the extrusion opening.

In the expansion area 24, the endless molded body still has a relatively strong anisotropy, which gradually decreases in the direction of passage 7 under the action of the tensile force on the endless molded body.

In contrast to the blowing methods and devices known from the prior art, in the solution according to the invention according to FIG. 4, the shielding area 20 extends at least over the expansion area 24. This prevents the cooling gas flow 15 from acting on the expansion area. According to the invention, it is provided that the first shielding area 20 extends to an area 25 in which the expansion of the endless body 5 is only slight or no longer present. 4 shows that the area 25 is located in the direction of passage 7 behind the largest diameter of the expansion area. The cooling area 19 and the expansion area 25 preferably do not overlap, but follow one another directly.

In the following, the effect of the spinning device according to the invention and the method according to the invention will be explained with reference to comparative examples.

In the examples given and in Table 1, the spinning density, i.e. the number of extrusion openings per square millimeter, the withdrawal speed with which the bundle of threads 12 is withdrawn in meters / second, the molding material temperature in degrees Celsius, the heating temperature of the extrusion openings in degrees Celsius, the air gap height in millimeters, the Reynolds number, the speed of the Cooling gas flow directly at the outlet from the blowing device in meters / second, the distance H in millimeters, the angle β in degrees, the spun fiber titer in dtex, the coefficient of variation in percent, the subjectively assessed spinning behavior with marks between 1 and 5, the width of the cooling gas flow or, in the case of a round cooling gas flow, its diameter and the quantity of gas normalized with the width of the cooling gas flow in liters / hour per mm of nozzle width. With a grade 1 the spinning behavior is rated as good, with a grade 5 as poor.

The coefficient of variation was determined in accordance with DIN EN 1973 using the Lenzing Instruments Viboskop 300 tester.

The Reynolds number as a measure of the turbulence of a gas flow was determined according to the formula Re = w ₀ * B / v, where w _{0 is} the speed at which air exits the nozzle in m / s, B is the blow gap width or the hole diameter of the blow device in mm and v represents the kinematic viscosity of the gas. The kinematic viscosity v was assumed to be 153.5 x 10 ^"7 m ² / s for air at a temperature of 20 ° C. If other gases or gas mixtures are used assumed m ² / s. If other gases or gas mixtures are generated to generate a cooling gas flow, the value of v can be adjusted accordingly.

A summary of the test results is shown in overview table 1.

Comparative Example 1

An NMMNO spinning mass consisting of 13% cellulose type MoDo Crown Dissolving-DP 510-550, 76% NMMNO and 11% water was stabilized at a temperature of 78 ° C with propyl gallic acid using an annular spinneret with a ring diameter of approx. 200 mm fed. The spinneret consisted of several drilled individual segments, each of which contained the extrusion openings in the form of capillary bores. The extrusion orifices were heated to a temperature of 85 ° C.

The space between the precipitation bath surface and the extrusion openings was formed by an air gap of approx. 5 mm in height. The endless moldings passed through the air gap without blowing. The endless molded articles were coagulated in the spinning bath, in which a spinning funnel was arranged below the extrusion openings.

The ring-shaped array of continuous shaped bodies was bundled in the spinning funnel through its exit surface and led out of the spinning funnel. The length of the spinning funnel in the direction of passage was approx. 500 mm.

The spinning behavior turned out to be very difficult because the spun fiber material had many bonds. The poor conditions were also reflected in a strong dispersion of the fiber fineness, the variance of which in this comparative example was over 30%. Comparative Example 2

In Comparative Example 2, under otherwise identical conditions, an inward blowing was additionally carried out immediately after the extrusion without a first shielding area. The blowing took place at a relatively low speed of approx. 6 m / s.

The height of the air gap could be increased only insignificantly by the blowing, the spinning quality and the spinning safety remained essentially unchanged compared to Comparative Example 1.

Comparative Example 3

The molding composition used in Comparative Examples 1 and 2 was fed in Comparative Example 3 at a temperature of likewise 78 ° C. to a rectangular nozzle, which was composed of several drilled individual segments. The rectangular nozzle had three rows of individual segments, which were kept at a temperature of approximately 90 ° C.

Below the extrusion openings are a precipitation bath in which a deflection element was attached. An air gap of approx. 6 mm was formed between the precipitation bath surface and the extrusion orifices, which the endless moldings passed through as a curtain. A cooling blower was used parallel to the surface of the spinning bath to support the spinning process.

The coagulation of the continuous moldings took place in the precipitation bath, where the curtain made of continuous moldings was deflected by the deflecting member and fed diagonally upwards to a bundling device arranged outside the precipitation bath. The curtain of the endless shaped bodies was brought together to form a fiber bundle by the bundling device and then passed on to further processing steps. Comparative example 3 had a slightly improved spinning behavior, but spinning problems repeatedly occurred. The endless moldings partially stuck together; the fiber fineness showed strong scatter.

Comparative Example 4

In Comparative Example 4, under otherwise identical conditions to Comparative Example 3, a blowing device with a width B of 8 mm was attached to a long side of the rectangular nozzle in such a way that the cooling area extended to the extrusion openings, that is to say there was no first shielding area.

The cooling gas flow had a speed of approx. 10 m / s at the outlet from the blowing device.

In comparison to Comparative Example 3, the arrangement of Comparative Example 4 was able to increase the air gap only insignificantly; the spinning security achieved and the fiber data remained unchanged compared to the values of Experimental Example 3.

Comparative Example 5

In this comparative example, as in comparative example 4, a blowing device with a cooling gas flow width of 6 mm was attached to a long side of the rectangular nozzle when it emerged from the blowing device in such a way that the cooling area extended to the extrusion openings without the interposition of a shielding area. In a departure from comparative example 4, a full-area drilled rectangular nozzle was used instead of a segmented rectangular nozzle.

The speed of the cooling gas flow at the outlet at the blowing device was approximately 12 m / s. In Comparative Example 5, the air gap was increased to approximately 20 mm and the spinning security was considerably improved. However, no improvements were observed in the fiber data, especially since sticking occurred again and again.

In the following comparative examples 6 to 9, a cooling gas stream was generated by means of a plurality of multi-channel compressed air nozzles arranged next to one another in a row. The diameter of each compressed air nozzle was approximately 0.8 mm. The exit velocity of the individual cooling gas streams from the blowing device was more than 50 m / s in the comparative examples 6 to 9. The individual cooling flows were turbulent. The gas was supplied to the nozzle by means of compressed air at a pressure of 1 bar, the gas flow was throttled by means of a valve to adjust the blowing speed.

The spinning head had a full-surface drilled rectangular nozzle made of stainless steel. Otherwise, the spinning system of Comparative Examples 3 to 5 was used.

Comparative Example 6

In Comparative Example 6, as in Comparative Example 5, the multi-channel compressed air nozzle was fitted in such a way that the cooling area extended directly to the extrusion openings, that is to say there was no first shielding area.

No improved results were observed with this arrangement, and the spinning behavior could not be rated as satisfactory.

Comparative Example 7

In this test, the cooling gas flow was directed obliquely upwards in the direction of the nozzle and therefore had a component directed against the direction of passage.

In comparative example 8, the spinning behavior was deteriorated compared to comparative example 7. Comparative Example 8

Compared to comparative example 7, the cooling gas flow had a flow direction obliquely downwards in the direction of the spinning bath surface. The cooling gas stream accordingly had a velocity component in the direction of passage.

The best results were achieved with the arrangement according to Comparative Example 9. The coefficient of variation of the continuous moldings was well below 10%. The spinning behavior was very satisfactory and allowed some leeway in the direction of finer titers or higher take-off speed.

It should be noted in this connection that in Comparative Examples 6, 7 to 9 there was a second shielding area between the cooling area and the precipitation bath surface, in which the air was essentially at rest.

Overview table 1

In the case of the values given in overview table 1, it can be assumed that the flow rates given in the high flow rates of comparative examples 6 to 8 involved a turbulent cooling gas flow.

Claims

claims

1. Device (1) for the production of continuous moldings (5) from a molding composition, such as a spinning solution containing cellulose, water and tertiary amine oxide, with a plurality of extrusion openings (4) through which the molding composition can be extruded into continuous moldings (5) during operation , with a precipitation bath (9) and with an air gap (6) arranged between the extrusion openings (4) and the precipitation bath (9), the continuous moldings (5) being passed in succession through the air gap (6) and the precipitation bath (9) during operation and in the area of the air gap (6) a gas flow (15) is directed towards the endless molded body (5), characterized in that the air gap (6) immediately after the extrusion has a shielding area (20) and one through the shielding area (20) of the extrusion openings (4) has a separate cooling area (19), the cooling area (19) being determined by the gas flow (15) designed as a cooling gas flow (15).

2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the air gap (6) in addition to the first shielding area (20) has a second shielding area (21) through which the cooling area (19) is separated from the precipitation bath surface (11).

3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the width in the direction of passage (7) of the shielding area (20) is dimensioned such that the shielding area (20) in the direction of passage (7) at least over a directly following the extrusion, extending in the direction of passage (7) extending area (24) of the endless molded body (5).

4. Device according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the extrusion openings (4) are arranged on a substantially rectangular base in rows transverse to the direction (16) of the cooling gas flow (15).

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the number of extrusion openings (4) in the row direction is greater than in the cooling gas flow direction (16).

6. Device according to one of the above claims, characterized in that a deflection member (10) is provided in the precipitation bath (9), through which the endless molded body (5) as an essentially flat curtain (8) towards the precipitation bath surface (11) during operation are deflected, and that a bundling device (14) is provided outside the precipitation bath, by means of which the endless molded bodies (5) are combined to form a fiber bundle (13) during operation.

7. Device according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the width (D) of the cooling gas stream (15) transverse to the direction of passage (7) of the endless body (5) through the air gap (6) is greater than the height (B) of the Cooling gas flow in the direction of passage.

8. Device according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the cooling gas stream (15) is composed of a plurality of individual cooling gas streams.

9. The device according to claim 8, characterized in that the individual cooling gas flows are arranged side by side in the row direction.

10. Device according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the cooling gas flow in the region of the passage of the endless molded body (5) through the air gap (6) is designed as a turbulent gas flow.

11. Device according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the cooling gas stream (15) has a speed component pointing in the direction of passage (7).

12. Device according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the inclination (β) of the cooling gas flow (15) in the direction of passage (7) is greater than the expansion (γ) of the cooling gas flow (15).

13. Device according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the molding compound has a zero shear viscosity of at least 10000 Pas, preferably at least 15000 Pas, at 85 ° C before it is extruded.

14. Device according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the distance of the cooling area (19) from each extrusion opening (4) in the passage direction (7) is at least 10 mm.

15. Device according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the distance I of the cooling area (19) in the direction of passage (7) from each extrusion opening (4) in millimeters satisfies the following inequality:

l> H + A ^« [tan (ß) - 0.14],

where H is the distance of the upper edge of the cooling gas flow in the direction of passage from the plane of the extrusion openings at the outlet from the blowing device (14) in millimeters, A is the distance transverse to the direction of passage between the outlet of the cooling gas stream (15) of the blowing device (14) in millimeters and that in the direction of flow ( 16) last row (22) of the endless molded body (5) in millimeters and ß the angle in degrees between the cooling gas flow direction (16) and the direction transverse to the direction of passage (7).

16. Device according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the height L of the air gap (6) in the direction of passage (7) in millimeters fulfills the following inequality: L> I + 0.28 • A + B

where I the distance of the cooling area (19) from the extrusion orifices (4) in the area of the passage of the endless moldings (5) through the air gap (6), A the distance across the direction of passage (7) between the exit of the cooling gas stream (15) Blowing device (14) and the last row (22) of the endless molded body (5) in millimeters and B the height of the cooling gas flow (15) transverse to the cooling gas flow direction (16) in the direction of passage (7) at the outlet of the cooling gas flow (15) from the blowing device (14).

17. Device according to one of the above claims, characterized in that the first shielding area consists essentially of air.

18. A process for the production of continuous moldings (5) from a molding composition, such as a spinning solution containing water, cellulose and tertiary amine oxide, the molding composition first being extruded into continuous molding, then the endless molding being passed through an air gap (6) and thereby stretched and with one Gas stream (15) are blown, and then the endless moldings are passed through a precipitation bath (9), characterized in that the endless moldings (5) in the air gap (6) are first passed through a shielding area (20) and then through a cooling area (19) are, wherein the blowing takes place by means of the gas stream designed as a cooling gas stream in the cooling area.

19. The method according to claim 18, characterized in that the endless moldings (5) after the cooling area (19) are passed through a second shielding area (21) before they are immersed in the precipitation bath.

20. The method according to claim 18 or 19, characterized in that the speed of the cooling gas flow, w ₀ , depending on its width, B, is set in the direction of passage of the endless molded body through the air gap so that the Reynolds number formed with w ₀ and B is at least 2500.

21. The method according to any one of claims 18 to 20, characterized in that the specific blowing force of the cooling gas flow is set to a value of at least 5 mN / mm.