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EP1446632A1 - Procede et dispositif pour eliminer des materiaux, notamment des grenades contenant des agents de combat chimiques - Google Patents

Procede et dispositif pour eliminer des materiaux, notamment des grenades contenant des agents de combat chimiques

Info

Publication number
EP1446632A1
EP1446632A1 EP02803368A EP02803368A EP1446632A1 EP 1446632 A1 EP1446632 A1 EP 1446632A1 EP 02803368 A EP02803368 A EP 02803368A EP 02803368 A EP02803368 A EP 02803368A EP 1446632 A1 EP1446632 A1 EP 1446632A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
moving bed
heating gas
bulk material
materials
housing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02803368A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Friedrich Wilhelm
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gfe & Co KG Gesellschaft fur Entsorgung GmbH
Original Assignee
Gfe & Co KG Gesellschaft fur Entsorgung GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gfe & Co KG Gesellschaft fur Entsorgung GmbH filed Critical Gfe & Co KG Gesellschaft fur Entsorgung GmbH
Publication of EP1446632A1 publication Critical patent/EP1446632A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor
    • F42B33/06—Dismantling fuzes, cartridges, projectiles, missiles, rockets or bombs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B33/00—Manufacture of ammunition; Dismantling of ammunition; Apparatus therefor
    • F42B33/06—Dismantling fuzes, cartridges, projectiles, missiles, rockets or bombs
    • F42B33/067—Dismantling fuzes, cartridges, projectiles, missiles, rockets or bombs by combustion

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the disposal of materials, in particular grenades containing chemical warfare agents, which contain both high-energy substances and chemical, in particular arsenic organic, poisons, in which the materials are mixed in a pressure-resistant housing with a bulk material with which they come together Form a moving bed, a reaction at least of the high-energy substances being initiated under controlled conditions at a certain distance from the uppermost surface area of the moving bed, and a heating gas which is passed through the moving bed and which leaves at least one when leaving the moving bed Part of the chemical poisons is still in a dangerous state and is sent to a detoxification facility for detoxification;
  • a moving bed moving from top to bottom in the housing, at a certain distance a reaction of at least the high-energy substances is initiated from the uppermost surface area under controlled conditions and which is formed in the dynamic equilibrium between the supply of a bulk material and the materials to be disposed of on the one hand and the discharge of bulk material which contains solid residual materials originating from the reaction on the other hand;
  • the explosives contained in the grenade must be made harmless by controlled detonation, at the same time opening the grenade shell and releasing the chemical poisons. In a second step, these poisons have to be detoxified.
  • the first step in which the grenades are detonated in a controlled manner is carried out continuously in a moving bed made of bulk material.
  • the detonation is subdued to a certain depth introduced half of the top surface area of the moving bed; the surrounding bulk material absorbs the mechanical energy released during the detonation and at the same time serves as a heat accumulator, so that the supply of thermal energy with which the materials to be disposed of are brought to the detonation temperature is comparatively small.
  • the heat is supplied at least in part with the aid of heating gas which is introduced in the lower region of the moving bed in the known method and the known device and then flows through the moving bed in countercurrent. The reason for the heating gas to flow in this direction is to be seen in the fact that a certain temperature profile, which is deliberately in the upper one, is to be achieved in the moving bed in the vertical direction
  • Range has not yet reached the detonation temperature in order to achieve sufficient coverage of the grenades with bulk material at the detonation point.
  • a disadvantage of the known method and the known device is that the chemical poisons in the gaseous phase, which are released during the detonation, move with the heating gas in a direction in which the temperature drops, so that there is a risk that the Chemical poisons are reflected in the further passage through the moving bed or at the latest in the lines and furnishings connected downstream of the outlet opening of the heating gas before they have reached the detoxification system.
  • the object of the present invention is therefore to design a method and a device of the type mentioned at the outset in such a way that they form or are released when the high-energy substances are detonated, in the case of grenades, that is, the explosives can not precipitate gaseous chemical poisons on the way to the detoxification facility.
  • this object is achieved in that the heating gas flows in one direction through the
  • Walking bed is guided, which corresponds to the direction of movement of the moving bed.
  • the flow direction of the heating gas selected in accordance with the invention ensures that the gaseous chemical poisons which are formed during the reaction of the high-energy substances are carried along in the direction of higher temperatures of the moving bed, and therefore cannot condense there.
  • the heating gas itself has such a high temperature when it leaves the moving bed that condensation of the chemical poisons is also prevented on the further route to the detoxification system.
  • other suitable measures must be taken to ensure that the temperature required to initiate the reaction of the high-energy substances is not reached too close to the uppermost surface area of the moving bed, since then the materials to be disposed of are not adequately covered with bulk material would be more.
  • this is done by introducing the heating gas into the moving bed at a certain distance below the uppermost surface area of the moving bed. This means that the area of the moving bed that lies above the point of introduction of the heating gas is not heated directly by the heating gas, i.e. it remains cool, and the materials to be disposed of must therefore penetrate deeper into the moving bed in order to react temperature for the high-energy substances to come.
  • the heating gas is expediently an inert gas, since then an undesired oxidation of the toxins in the moving bed can be avoided.
  • the at least one inlet opening for the heating gas is arranged at a higher point of the housing than the highest lying outlet opening.
  • the device is characterized in that at least one inlet opening is arranged at a point on the housing which is lower than the uppermost surface area of the moving bed.
  • the direction of flow of the gases in the moving bed can be reversible. Then the device according to the invention can be used with the reverse flow direction even where the substances introduced into the moving bed do not lead to reaction products which tend to precipitate when cooled.
  • Figure 1 a first embodiment of a device for the disposal of grenades containing arsenic-organic warfare agents
  • Figure 2 schematically a second embodiment of such a device
  • Figure 3 the upper region of a third exemplary embodiment of such a device
  • Figure 4 the upper region of a fourth embodiment of such a device.
  • FIG. 1 shows, as the main component of the device with which grenades containing arsenic containing warfare agents in particular can be disposed of, a shaft furnace 1.
  • This comprises a housing 2 with an upper, essentially cylindrical section 3 and a lower discharge section 4, which tapers conically downwards 4 has an outlet opening 5, via which the interior of the discharge section 4 communicates with a discharge collecting space 6.
  • a gas outlet opening 8 is provided at a somewhat greater distance from the bottom of the discharge collecting space 6.
  • a lid-like upper housing part 10 is placed, in which there are various inlet openings 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15. With the exception of the central inlet opening 15, the inlet openings 11, 12, 13, 14 can each be arranged in pairs which perform the same function, are connected in parallel in terms of flow, and are arranged symmetrically to the central inlet opening 15.
  • a fill is supplied to the interior of the housing 2 in a manner to be described in more detail, which in the new state of the device is used exclusively as steel balls in the course of Operation consists of a mixture of steel balls and scrap created during the detonation of grenades.
  • this bed fills part of the discharge collecting space 6, the entire conical discharge section 4 and the entire cylindrical section 3 of the housing in the operational state of the shaft furnace 1.
  • the steel balls are dimensioned so that they form a "flowable" bed 16 in the manner of a moving bed within the housing 1.
  • An ignition device 18 for example in the form of two electrodes generating an electric field, is provided at a certain distance below the surface of the moving bed 16 adjacent to the upper housing part 10.
  • the grenades to be disposed of are supplied via the middle inlet opening 15 in the upper housing part 10. These mix with the mixture of scrap and steel balls introduced via the inlet openings 11, 14 and move together with this, integrated into the moving bed 16, downward within the shaft furnace 1, as will become clearer below.
  • Heating gas is injected via the central inlet openings 13 as seen in the radial direction and via the outer inlet openings 13.
  • auxiliary materials such as water, fuel, air, cooling gas and chemicals, are introduced, depending on the type of materials to be disposed of in the shaft furnace 1.
  • Inlet openings 11, 13, 15 that are not required are of course closed when the shaft furnace 1 is in operation.
  • the discharge opening 7 of the discharge collecting space 6 is connected to a detoxification system 20 by a line 19.
  • Another line 21 also connects the gas outlet opening 8 to the detoxification system 20.
  • Line 22 leaves bulk material, on the surface of which reaction products may have deposited, the detoxification plant 20. Via line 23, various residues are discharged in solid form. Scrap that comes from the grenade pods exits via line 24, as does cleaned gas via line 25 that can be fed into a chimney.
  • the line 22 carrying bulk material branches at point 26 into a first line 27 and a second one
  • Line 28 The first line 27 leads directly to the radially outermost inlet openings 11 in the upper housing part 10.
  • the second line 28 there is a cooler 30 in which the bulk material can be cooled down to a lower temperature; line 28 leads from Cooler 30 further to the two inlet openings 14 adjacent to the middle inlet opening 15.
  • a line 31 also opens into line 28, via which fresh steel balls can be introduced if required.
  • the grenades to be disposed of are supplied in a correspondingly coordinated amount via the inlet opening 15 in the upper housing part 10 and mixed with the bulk material.
  • the moving bed 16 In the vicinity of the upper housing part 10, the moving bed 16 has a temperature which is below the ignition temperature of the grenades. However, the deeper the grenades with the bulk material in the moving bed 16 sink down, the higher the temperature to which they are exposed. If the grenades come close to the ignition device 18, they already have a temperature which is not far from the ignition temperature. All that is now required is a comparatively small further increase in temperature due to a further supply of energy and / or the ignition device 18 in order to trigger the controlled explosion. The thermal and mechanical energy released is picked up by the bulk material surrounding the grenades and partly passed on to the walls of the housing 2, which are designed for this purpose in a suitable manner.
  • the moving bed 16 is not only heated by the thermal and mechanical energy of the detonation; rather, part of the heat must be supplied from the outside with the help of the heating gas which is introduced via the inlet openings 13 in the upper housing part 10.
  • the moving bed 16 essentially contains steel balls, metal scrap, which resulted from the explosion from the metallic shell, chemicals as reaction products and gases.
  • the solid bulk material is fed to the detoxification system 20 via the discharge opening 7 and the line 19.
  • the gases which have passed through the shaft furnace 1 in the same direction as the bulk material are also introduced into the detoxification system 20 via the outlet opening 8. Since these gases are at a comparatively high temperature, vapor or gaseous reaction products carried along cannot be deposited on the downstream gas-carrying lines and devices, as are indicated by line 21 as examples. Rather, all of these contaminants are completely introduced into the detoxification system 20, where they can be detoxified.
  • the bulk material which still leaves the detoxification system 20 via line 22 at a high temperature, is now divided into two partial flows in accordance with the heat balance of the shaft furnace 1 at the branching point 26. Splits.
  • a first partial flow 27 of the bulk material reaches the interior of the shaft furnace 1 without cooling, that is to say at a high temperature via the line 27 and the inlet openings 11.
  • This partial flow of the bulk material does not therefore have to be brought to temperature again by heating gas, which brings about a corresponding energy saving .
  • the second partial flow 28 of the bulk material which is cooled in the cooler 30 and introduced into the interior of the shaft furnace 1 via the line 28 and the inlet openings 14, is kept as small as possible; it ensures that the temperature profile existing in the vertical direction in the interior of the shaft furnace 1 takes the desired course, that is, in the upper region of the bulk material 16 the ignition temperature of the grenades does not yet occur but detonate them only at a sufficient distance from the surface of the bulk material 16.
  • the solids and gases can also be transferred from the shaft furnace to the detoxification system in a common line.
  • the second exemplary embodiment of the disposal device shown in FIG. 2 largely corresponds to that described above with reference to FIG. 1. Corresponding parts are therefore identified by the same reference number plus 100. The following description is limited to differences which the embodiment of FIG. 2 has compared to that of FIG. 1.
  • the housing 102 has further discharge openings 140 arranged in the radially outer and lower region, to which the in the radially outer region of the interior Roughly, the bulk material of the moving bed 116 is guided with the aid of guide surfaces 141 which flare conically downward.
  • the additional discharge openings 140 are connected via lines 127a, 127b to the inlet openings 111 in the upper housing part 110.
  • the bulk material which leaves the detoxification system 120 via the line 122 is not split into two partial fractions, but is fed entirely to a cooler 130 and cooled there to a low temperature.
  • This bulk material is fed via line 128 in the same way as in the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 1 to the inlet openings 114 in the upper housing part 110.
  • the portion of the bulk material which is returned uncooled in the embodiment in FIG. 2 is therefore not passed through the detoxification system 120, unlike in the embodiment in FIG.
  • use is made of the experience that the products formed during the detonation of the grenades preferably sink downward in the central region of the moving bed 16, while in the radially outer region the bulk material f st consists entirely of steel balls.
  • the bulk goods carrying large amounts of detonation products from the central area of the shaft furnace 101 thus still get into the detoxification system 120, while the relatively lightly loaded bulk goods from the edge regions of the moving bed 16 are again introduced directly into the shaft furnace 101 to relieve the detoxification system 120.
  • the lid-like upper housing part 10 or 110 was designed such that the inlet openings 10 to 15 or 110 to 115 were made at approximately the same height. This is with the Embodiment of Figure 3 different. This figure shows only the upper region of the device adjacent to the upper housing part. Otherwise, it corresponds to either the device according to FIG. 1 or that according to FIG. 2. Parts in FIG. 3 which correspond to those in FIG. 1 are identified by the same reference symbols plus 200.
  • the upper housing part 210 which rests on the upper edge of the cylindrical housing region 203, is designed in a stepped manner in the following way: A central region 210a, which is circular in plan view, lies higher than a radially outer region 210b, which is annular in plan view. The regions 210a and 210b of the upper housing part 210 are connected to one another by a cylindrical region 210c which is coaxial with the axis of the housing region 203. Since the interior of the housing 202 is completely filled with the moving bed 216, this means that the surface 216a of the moving bed 216 is higher in the central region than the surface 216b in the edge region.
  • the middle inlet opening 215 in the upper housing part 210, via which the waste material is fed, and the adjacent inlet openings 214, via which the cold bulk material is fed, are located in the upper region 210a of the upper housing part, while the inlet openings 213, 212 and 211, via which Heating gas, auxiliary materials or hot bulk material are introduced into the interior of the shaft furnace 201 and are located in the lower-lying annular region 210 a of the upper housing part 210.
  • a vertical temperature prevail in such a way that the grenades ignite only at a certain distance below the uppermost surface area of the moving bed 16. It is therefore important to ensure that the grenades detonated are sufficiently covered.
  • the maintenance of this temperature profile which is so important for the correct function, is supported in the embodiment of FIG. 3.
  • the hot added components are only introduced to a certain "depth" below the uppermost surface area 216a of the moving bed 216; the part of the moving bed 216 located within the “elevation” of the upper housing part 210 is therefore not heated.
  • FIG. 4 is a representation similar to FIG. 3, so it only shows the area of the upper housing part. Parts in FIG. 4 which correspond to those in FIG. 1 are identified by the same reference number plus 300.
  • the upper housing part 310 of Figure 4 is double graded. It has a central region 310a, which is circular in plan view, a first region 310b, which is adjacent to it in plan view, and a second, radially outer region 310d, which is annular in plan view.
  • the central region 310a is connected to the first annular region 310b of the upper housing part 310 via a first cylindrical region 310c and the first annular region 310b is connected to the second, outer annular region 310d of the upper housing part 310 by a second cylindrical region 310e.
  • This Gradation of the upper housing part 310 is reflected in a double surface gradation of the upper surface of the moving bed 316, which has a central, highest region 316a, an adjacent, somewhat lower annular region 316b and a deepest, radially outer annular region 316c ,
  • the inlet opening 315 for the disposal material and the adjacent inlet openings 314 for the cold bulk material are again located in the uppermost, central region 310a of the upper housing part 310, the inlet openings 313 and 312 for the heating gas or auxiliary materials are located in the adjacent annular region 310b of the upper housing part 310, while the inlet openings 311 for the hot returned bulk material can be found in the radially outermost region 310d of the upper housing part 310.
  • the various components are added at those "depths" below the uppermost surface area 316a of the moving bed 316 at which this is most favorable for maintaining the desired vertical temperature profile in the moving bed 316.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
  • Devices And Processes Conducted In The Presence Of Fluids And Solid Particles (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un procédé et un dispositif pour éliminer des matériaux contenant à la fois des substances hautement énergétiques et des poisons chimiques notamment de l'arsenic organique. Habituellement, ces matériaux sont mélangés dans une enveloppe (2) résistante à la pression avec des matières en vrac, avec lesquels ils forment un lit fluidisé (16) en équilibre dynamique. A une certaine distance sous la zone superficielle supérieure de ce lit fluidisé (16), les substances hautement énergétiques au moins sont mises à réagir dans des conditions contrôlées. Un gaz de chauffage est acheminé à travers le lit fluidisé (16) pour le chauffer et pour en évacuer les substances gazeuses encore dangereuses. Le sens d'écoulement de ce gaz de chauffage correspondant à celui du lit fluidisé (16), ledit gaz s'échappe du lit fluidisé (16) à haute température. Ainsi, les substances transportées par le gaz de chauffage, lesquelles sont encore à l'état gazeux et dangereuses, ne se déposent pas sur les parois de conduites ou d'autres dispositifs le long desquels passe le gaz de chauffage avant d'atteindre une installation de décontamination (20) située en aval.
EP02803368A 2001-11-22 2002-11-14 Procede et dispositif pour eliminer des materiaux, notamment des grenades contenant des agents de combat chimiques Withdrawn EP1446632A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE2001157162 DE10157162B4 (de) 2001-11-22 2001-11-22 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Entsorgung von Materialien, insbesondere von chemische Kampfstoffe enthaltenden Granaten
DE10157162 2001-11-22
PCT/EP2002/012736 WO2003044448A1 (fr) 2001-11-22 2002-11-14 Procede et dispositif pour eliminer des materiaux, notamment des grenades contenant des agents de combat chimiques

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1446632A1 true EP1446632A1 (fr) 2004-08-18

Family

ID=7706485

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP02803368A Withdrawn EP1446632A1 (fr) 2001-11-22 2002-11-14 Procede et dispositif pour eliminer des materiaux, notamment des grenades contenant des agents de combat chimiques

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1446632A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2005509843A (fr)
DE (1) DE10157162B4 (fr)
RU (1) RU2004119042A (fr)
WO (1) WO2003044448A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN108088339A (zh) * 2017-12-22 2018-05-29 湖南云箭集团有限公司 一种程控型弹药烧毁系统

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3916805A (en) * 1973-12-28 1975-11-04 Exxon Research Engineering Co Incineration of nitrogenous materials
DE4438414C2 (de) * 1994-10-27 1997-12-18 Sveg Stoffverwertungs Und Ents Verfahren zur thermisch-katalytischen Aufarbeitung chemischer Kampfstoffe
US5582119A (en) * 1995-03-30 1996-12-10 International Technology Corporation Treatment of explosive waste
DE19911175C5 (de) * 1999-03-12 2009-09-17 Eisenmann Anlagenbau Gmbh & Co. Kg Verfahren zur Entsorgung gefährlicher oder hochenergetischer Materialien sowie Vorrichtung zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens
US6280694B1 (en) * 1999-10-20 2001-08-28 Studsvik, Inc. Single stage denitration

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO03044448A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2003044448A1 (fr) 2003-05-30
DE10157162B4 (de) 2008-09-18
DE10157162A1 (de) 2003-07-24
JP2005509843A (ja) 2005-04-14
RU2004119042A (ru) 2005-07-27

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