EP1400658A1 - Turbocharger - Google Patents

Abstract

The turbocharger (1) has a turbine wheel supplied with the exhaust gas from the IC engine via at least one feed channel (9), the quantity of exhaust gas controlled via a gas control device (4,7,11,29), the control movement of an operating device (11) transmitted to the gas control device via a transmission device (4,5,14-16), provided with an adjustment device (15) for adjustment of the control movement, e.g. an automatic adjustment device for matching different temperature ranges.

Description

Field of the Invention:

The invention relates to a turbocharger with a turbine wheel, the exhaust gas can be fed via at least one feed channel. Because it is also in the state of the art known to provide multiple turbine wheels and / or multiple feed channels. The amount of exhaust gas can now be controlled by means of a gas control device. This Gas control device is an actuating device for generating on the gas control device assigned to transferable tax movements as well as one Transmission device for transmitting the control movements of the actuating device to the gas control device.

Since gas control devices in the prior art in a wide variety of designs are known, such as from JP-8-240156, which is a kind of by-pass for the Turbocharger provides (in English "waste gate") or from WO 02/27164 a similar concept. In many cases, however, as explained in particular below, become guide grids variable turbine geometry applied. Under variable turbine geometry in the stand the technology, for example according to WO 01/96713, a ring of inter-variable nozzles Understand alignment vanes. The present invention is intended for All of these gas control devices may be applicable, although in the preferred case they are considered to be one Guide grid of variable turbine geometry will be formed. Of course, the The invention also does not exclude combinations of the various gas control devices.

Background of the Invention

Turbochargers of this type are known from numerous publications, for example from the mentioned WO 01/96713 and WO 02/27164, but also EP-A-0 226 444 or US-A-6, 398, 483, 5,692,879, 4,780,054, 3,972,644 and 2,860,827, respectively. The one there Actuator used usually includes one of a positive or negative pressure resilient actuating diaphragm, as is also a preferred embodiment corresponds to the present invention, but of course other actuators are also; like mechanical or electromagnetic, conceivable.

This state of the art has in common that the parts each meet the requirements a certain type and possibly also a certain gas control device must be adapted. Of course, this requires special dimensions for each special application. A modular application of a particular turbocharger for different applications are not possible. Of course, this increases the production costs and reduces the number of pieces. On the other hand, it cannot be different Realize actuating forces and / or setting tolerances, especially with such different applications are desirable.

Summary of the invention

The invention is based on the object of a largely flexible adaptation option to create for such turbochargers and thus on the one hand their application to expand, on the other hand, to lower their production costs. On the other hand, there should be a possibility of adaptation to meet different requirements.

According to the invention, this is done in that the transmission device is an adjusting device has, through which the control movement of the plunger member is adjustable.

In principle, the adjustment device can be very different within the scope of the invention be configured, preferably as a length adjustment device for adjusting the effective length of at least one organ of the transmission device. This can e.g. in the form of an adjustment of the effective length of a lever. This Lever can thus be designed as a slotted lever, for example the point of attack of another transmission link is adjustable back and forth. Prefers However, it is when the transmission device is moving and moving along has a longitudinal axis extending tappet on which the adjusting device attacks. Because when changing the effective length of a lever in general both the start point and the end point of an adjustment movement are adjusted, which is not always desirable or requires additional measures, then again to provide an elastic stop device when a certain starting point of movement should be observed.

Furthermore, it is also conceivable within the scope of the invention to have an automatic adjusting device To provide, for example, to adapt to different temperature ranges bring about, worked with in different applications becomes. For such an automatic adjustment device, it would be conceivable, for example, to switch a temperature-dependent stretchable link in the transmission path like it For example, for laser cavities - that is, in a completely different field of application has been. Easier and for adaptation to different applications it is, however, if the adjusting device is a manually operable and fixable Has adjusting element.

The task of the present invention corresponds best if the Transmission device a movable and extending along a longitudinal axis Has plunger member on which the adjusting device acts. It follows a space-saving construction when the actuator is along a Axle-extending control housing with an actuating element accommodated therein has, and the tappet member from the control housing approximately along thereof Axis extends, preferably from the actuator at one end to one Adjustment element of the gas control device at the other end.

Of course, the adjusting device in the context of the invention could be very different Be designed in such a way, for example, by a plunger made of two opposite one another Rods and a sleeve connecting the two rods together where the connection e.g. through the respective rod in the sleeve at the desired Place clamping fixing screws could be done. However, it is more stable an embodiment in which the tappet member consists of at least two along the longitudinal axis arranged parts is formed, one part of which the other part in a cavity adjustable and fixable by means of a fixing device. In this way can the fixing device within the cavity of the plunger member thus formed be accommodated. It also makes the connection easier over a larger one Length take place, in particular the fixing device at least one an external thread of one part receiving internal thread on the other part, via which the adjustment also takes place. In this case, the fixing device is also at the same time Part of the adjustment device, with a relative rotation if desired after adjustment the two threads can be prevented in a manner known per se.

If, for example, the internal thread as a threaded nut rotatably mounted on the associated plunger part is formed, the thread can be chosen so fine that after there is no risk of misalignment during adjustment. But it can also at least one lock nut or a fixation provided by other known means become.

The placement of a fixing device inside the cavity of the ram provides naturally represents a special problem. This problem can be solved so that the Tappet member formed from at least two parts extending around its longitudinal axis which is firmly connected to each other to form a closed cavity are. The plunger will therefore preferably be formed from only two parts, which surround its longitudinal axis so that a fixing device easily into the interior of the (ha) -ben) Cavity can be introduced before this is complemented by the other Part is closed. The connection of these parts can be done in any way take place, for example, by having side flanges that can be screwed together are. However, it is preferred if the parts after the introduction of the Fixing device are welded together. Alternatively, the parts can also be soldered become, i.e. it is preferred if the at least two parts have no additional connecting part are held together by a material connection.

Another alternative could be that not only the side of the Gas control device located part, but also the actuator-side part of a cavity has in the manner of a sleeve with sleeve cap, so that the sleeve cap when plugged be axially fixed on the sleeve, e.g. at intervals that can be determined by notches can.

Such a construction could also be used when the pusher member is out is formed at least two parts extending around its longitudinal axis, which firmly connected to each other to form a substantially closed cavity are.

If the internal thread as a threaded nut rotatably mounted on the associated plunger part the problem arises as to how it is best held in the cavity can be. It is advantageous if they can be rotated in the cavity of the one tappet part is stored in order to enable readjustment. Then the question arises how the threaded nut can be axially secured. This problem is under expediently solved the invention so that the threaded nut in its axial position by at least one wall section extending transversely to the longitudinal axis of the ram is held axially.

This wall section can be an inwardly projecting wall flange, but is it is preferred if it is from a wall recess in the cavity of the one tappet part is formed. Of course, it would be conceivable here to have such a wall recess with a corresponding to mill the threaded nut holding the shoulder. It is more advantageous however, if the wall recess is continuous to form an opening and so part of the circumference of the threaded nut protrudes outwards for adjustment. Because two advantages are achieved at the same time: On the one hand, one can Making training easier, on the other hand, it ensures that readjustment can easily be done from the outside.

The possible sleeve construction was mentioned above, that without a fixed Connection, such as welding in particular, could do, for example as Snap connection is formed. For security reasons, however, it is preferred if the plunger member - the ones already mentioned - at least two around its longitudinal axis extending parts is formed, but which to form an essentially closed Cavity are firmly connected.

Such parts and such a connection are particularly easy to manufacture if the least two parts extending around the longitudinal axis as pressed or stamped parts are formed from sheet metal. Now the invention is not limited to any particular cross-sectional shape limited of the plunger, because this can for example be a square or have an oval cross section, but it is preferred if the at least two are each other parts that extend around the longitudinal axis together form approximately a cylindrical shape, because this ensures maximum strength on all sides even with relatively thin - and so light - material reached.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

einen erfindungsgemäß ausgebildeten Turbolader in einer Perspektivansicht, teilweise mit weggebrochenen Wandungsteilen, um das Innere sichtbar zu machen; die

Fig. 2a

und 2b in je einer Perspektivansicht die beiden zusammenzufügenden Teile eines erfindungsgemäß vorgesehenen Stößelgliedteiles, die in

Fig. 3

in einem Längsschnitt im zusammengefügten Zustand zu sehen sind, wogegen die

Fig. 4

eine Draufsicht auf einen der Teile veranschaulicht.

Further details of the invention result from the following description of a particularly preferred exemplary embodiment schematically shown in the drawing. Show it:

Fig. 1

a turbocharger designed according to the invention in a perspective view, partially with broken wall parts to make the inside visible; the

Fig. 2a

and 2b each in a perspective view the two parts to be joined together of a tappet member part provided according to the invention, which are shown in FIG

Fig. 3

can be seen in a longitudinal section in the assembled state, whereas the

Fig. 4

a plan view of one of the parts illustrated.

Detailed description of the drawings

1, a turbocharger 1 has in the usual way (cf. the above-cited state of the Technology) a turbo housing part 2 and an associated compressor housing part 3, which are arranged along an axis of rotation R. The turbo housing part 2 is on the side facing the compressor housing 3 partially opened, so that a by an adjusting lever 4 in a manner known per se over a limited angle rotatable collar 5 is visible. Furthermore, the turbine wheel 27 can also be seen the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine via a line 28 and the turbine wheel spirally surrounding supply channel 9 is supplied.

The supply amount is controlled by a gas control device, which in a exemplary embodiment has a guide grid of variable geometry. Because by angular rotation the collar 5 are in a known manner on a located behind (The collar 5 is partially broken away in the lower area) Nozzle ring 6 a guide grill forming, distributed over the circumference guide vanes 7 rotated about their pivot axis 8, so that they form nozzle cross sections between each other, depending on the position of the guide vanes 7, namely radial (as shown) or more tangential, larger or smaller and the turbine wheel 27 located in the middle on the R axis more or less with that supplied via the supply nozzle 9 and discharged via a central nozzle 10 Apply exhaust gas from an engine.

About the movement or the position of the guide vanes 7 and that shown in FIG. 1 and to control the gas control device discussed later is an actuator 11 provided. This can be of any nature in itself, but it is preferred if, in a conventional manner per se, it has a control housing 12 that extends along it extends an axis A and therein an actuating element, for example a Immersion magnet. In the present case, however, one is an actuating element Membrane 13 clamped between two halves of the control housing, as is also the case is known per se. The membrane 13 is supplied by a positive or negative air pressure applied to the control movement of a pusher member attached to it 14 to control. It is preferred if the longitudinal axis a (Fig. 3, 4) this Tappet member 14 is aligned with the axis of the control housing 12 (although not necessarily is required) so that a direct transmission of the maximum deflection of the Membrane on the parts of this transmission device located below. This is space-saving and safe and results in a reliable transmission of movement.

The plunger member 14, as can be seen in FIG. 1, consists of a with the membrane 13 directly connected first plunger part 15 and provided with an external thread a second adjustable connected with this first plunger part 15 with a corresponding Tappet part (particularly shown in FIG. 3) 16, the shape of which is shown in detail in FIGS. 2 to 4 and the first Tappet part 15 receives axially adjustable for adjustment. At the lower end (related on Fig. 1) of the second plunger part 16 there is a swivel joint 17, via which the Pusher member 14 is connected to the adjusting lever 4 to move it thereon, from this to the ring 5 and from this ultimately to the guide vanes 7.

It should already be mentioned here that according to the preferred embodiment Adjustment on the two-part (it could also consist of more parts) tappet link takes place, but that the invention is not limited to this. It would be conceivable to use the adjustment lever 4 to be provided with a radial slot and the joint 17 within this Adjust slot. An adjustment could additionally or alternatively in the further Transmission path against the guide vanes 7 take place, for example by adjusting the point of attack of the joint 17 on the lever 4. However, it goes without saying that in the course of the tappet member 14 not only the space is less cramped, but also that Accessibility (e.g. for a possible readjustment) is as good as that Danger of misalignment in a transmission link that moves the adjustment forces along transmits its axis (a in Fig. 3 and 4), is less.

The guide vanes 7 have been described above as a gas control device. In addition or (Preferred) as an alternative to these, the tappet member 14, as by the dash-dotted line Line 14 'is indicated, also with a "waste gate", ie a kind of shunt valve 29 be connected in line 28. This shunt valve 29 can with full lines Assume the position shown, in which the line 28 to the feed channel 9 is completely released is, or a position 29 'in which at least a portion of that brought in via line 28 Exhaust gas is diverted via a shunt line 30 into an exhaust line 31 becomes. How large this exhaust gas portion diverted to line 31 depends on the position of the shunt valve 29 shown as a butterfly valve, which via the actuator 11 can be very finely adjustable. Instead of a butterfly valve can of course any controllable valve or any deflection device be used.

It was already mentioned above that the formation of the plunger member 14 within the Invention can be very different. 2 to 4 illustrate the training at least the lower (in Fig. 2), second part 16 or a preferred embodiment for the adjustment device on it.

Accordingly, the second plunger part 16 in turn consists of at least two parts 16a and 16b to be connected (FIGS. 2a, 2b) which are connected to one another State (Fig. 3) surround the longitudinal axis a of the plunger member 14, thus as "Circumferential parts" (in contrast to the first and second axially arranged one behind the other Parts) can be addressed. The reason for this subdivision into at least two peripheral parts will be clear from the following description.

Both peripheral parts 16a, 16b are preferably stamped from sheet metal. They include one 3, preferably at least approximately cylindrical, Cavity 18 in which an adjusting or threaded nut 19 is mounted. To this adjusting nut 19 to in a predetermined and immovable axial position (related to store on the longitudinal axis a), the two circumferential parts 16a, 16b, appropriately a continuous, window-like opening 20a or 20b, through which a, preferably Knurled, edge of the adjusting nut 19 protrudes (Fig. 3) and so easy adjustment from the outside. This edge of the threaded nut 19 is thus supported Wall sections in the direction of the longitudinal axis a and is thus axially fixed. This is a particularly cheap and easy to manufacture by stamping embodiment, but is not the only possible one.

It would also be conceivable to punch the upper and lower openings 20a, 20b Bend the edges at 21 a and 21 b somewhat inwards against the longitudinal axis a and so to create a larger contact surface for the threaded nut 19. However requires this additional space and causes the nut 19 to rotate only on these inwardly projecting circumferential flap, which is generally not desirable will be. Furthermore, it would be conceivable - as indicated in FIG. 4 - the peripheral parts 16a, 16b of full material, and at most without the openings 20a, 20b, and the stored, extending transversely to the longitudinal axis a wall sections 21 a, 21 b from the Milling out material. In this case, however, not only would the manufacture be difficult and readjustment difficult, but it would also increase the weight of the plunger member 14 increases, which is its response to control movements of the membrane 13 (Fig. 1) carrier makes.

From the comparison of FIGS. 3 and 4 can also be seen that the adjusting nut itself can be trained differently. Because according to Fig. 3 is following the knurled Part of a piece of V to see. This piece V can be called the in introduce the nut 19 screwed first plunger part 15 (Fig. 1), but it can also act as an extension of the threaded part of the nut 19, so as to be more rigid Guide the first part 15 and screwed into it with an external thread at the same time to achieve a greater friction which prevents an undesired misalignment.

Of course, it is difficult to fit the hinge 17 within a cylinder with the cavity 18 (Fig. 3) to store. It is therefore preferred if the peripheral parts 16a, 16b follow to the cavity 18 (in the direction of the longitudinal axis a) an at least partially flat adjacent connection section 22a and 22b, which then not only ensures a firm connection of the two peripheral parts 16a, 16b, but also one allows easier attachment of the joint 17.

This joint 17 preferably has a spherical cap body 17a to ensure mobility to enable more than one direction with respect to the adjusting lever 4 (FIG. 1). At this Dome body 17a is seated in a one-piece construction that is firmly connected to it Swivel pin 17b. To despite the flat and especially cheap for the connection Shape of the two peripheral parts 16a, 16b in their connecting sections 22a, 22b to ensure a good storage of the calotte body 17a, the corresponding bearing opening 23 (FIGS. 2, 4) for receiving the joint 17 according to FIG. 3 of spherical wall sections 24 limited, which hold the spherical cap body 17a and can be rotated securely to store. However, such a spherical design is only necessary in some cases or be desirable, because with many designs a cylindrical one can be used Serve pin as a joint body.

It is advantageous if the connecting section 22a or 22b has a hem 25 (Fig. 1, 2, 4) continues laterally of the cavity 18, thereby connecting the peripheral parts 16a, 16b over a greater axial length. For example, the through two peripheral parts 16a, 16b at connection points 26 shown in FIG Rivets or screws, but preferably by one free from such connecting parts Connection, such as by soldering, particularly favorably by welding, such as spot welding, e.g. Laser welding, can be connected to each other.

It goes without saying that more than two peripheral parts can be provided, each surround a sector of cavity 18, but this is generally not desirable because it can cause the firmness to suffer. It was also mentioned above that other connection and adjustment constructions for the at least two tappet parts 15, 16 are conceivable, for example in the manner of a cylinder sleeve and one towards it stuck sleeve cap. Furthermore, more than two tappet parts 15, 16 can also be provided in general, a single adjustment option is sufficient, and with only two successive parts 15, 16 in the axial direction also become the largest Gain strength and stability.

Claims (10)

Turbocharger (1), which has the following: a turbine wheel (27), the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine at least one feed channel (9) can be fed, the amount of exhaust gas being fed through a gas control device (4, 7, 11, 29) is controllable, which an actuating device (11) for generating control movements to be transmitted to the gas control device (7, 11, 29) is assigned, and a transmission device (4, 5, 14-16) for transmitting the control movements of the actuating device (11) to the gas control device (4, 7, 11, 29); characterized in that the transmission device (4, 5, 14-16) has an adjusting device (15, 19; V) by means of which the control movement can be adjusted. Turbocharger (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the following features is provided: a) the adjusting device (15, 19; V) is designed as a length adjusting device for adjusting the effective length of at least one member (14) of the transmission device (4, 5, 14-16); b) the adjusting device (15, 19; V) has a manually operable and fixable adjusting element (19; V). Turbocharger (1) according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the transmission device (4, 5, 14-16) has a movable tappet member (14) which extends along a longitudinal axis (a) and on which the adjusting device (15, 19 ; V) attacks. Turbocharger (1) according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one of the following features is provided: a) the gas control device (4, 7, 11, 29) has a guide grill (7) of variable turbine geometry and is connected to this guide grill (7) via at least one adjusting lever (4) for the turbine geometry, and this adjusting lever (4) is from the actuating device (11) is adjustable via the tappet member (14); b) the actuating device (11) has a control housing (12) extending along an axis (A) with an actuating element (13) accommodated therein, and the plunger member (14) extends from the control housing (11) approximately along its axis (A), preferably from the actuating element (11) at one end to an adjusting element (4) of the gas control device (7, 29) at the other end; c) the actuating device (11) comprises an actuating membrane (13) which can be loaded by a positive or negative pressure. Turbocharger (1) according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that the tappet member (14) consists of at least a first, actuation side and a second, on the side of the gas control device (4, 7, 11, 29) along the longitudinal axis (a ) arranged part (15, 16) is formed, of which one part (15 or 16) the other part (16 or 15) adjustable in a cavity (18) and fixable by means of a fixing device (19). Turbocharger (1) according to claim 5, characterized in that a) the fixing device (19) comprises at least one internal thread (19) receiving an external thread of one part (15) on the other part (16), via which the adjustment also takes place, a ¹ ) which internal thread (19) is preferably designed as a threaded nut rotatably mounted on the associated tappet part (16), a ² ) which is rotatably mounted in particular in the cavity (18) of one plunger part (16) and is held axially in its axial position by at least one wall section (21 a, 21 b) extending transversely to the longitudinal axis (a) of the plunger (16) is a ³ ) which is expediently formed by at least one wall recess (20a, 20b) in the cavity (18) of the one tappet part (16), a ⁴ ) wherein the wall recess (20a, 20b) is optionally continuous to form an opening and so part of the circumference of the threaded nut (19) protrudes outward for adjustment. Turbocharger (1) according to one of Claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the tappet member (16) is formed from at least two circumferential parts (16a, 16b) which extend around its longitudinal axis (a) and which form an essentially closed cavity ( 18) are firmly connected. Turbocharger (1) according to claim 7, characterized in that at least one of the following features is provided: a) the at least two circumferential parts (16a, 16b) extending around the longitudinal axis (a) are formed as pressed or stamped parts made of sheet metal; b) the at least two circumferential parts (16a, 16b) extending around the longitudinal axis (a) together form approximately a cylindrical shape; c) the at least two peripheral parts (16a, 16b) are firmly connected to one another by a material connection (26) free of connecting parts and are in particular welded to one another. Turbocharger (1) according to Claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the cavity (18) faces the actuating device (11), whereas the end of the tappet member (16) facing away from the actuating device (11) has an adjusting element (4) of the gas control device ( 4, 7, 11, 29) is connected. Turbocharger (1) according to Claim 9, characterized in that the at least two peripheral parts (16a, 16b) extending around the longitudinal axis (a) comprise an at least partially flat connecting section (22a, 22b) following the cavity (18) .
the connecting section (22a, 22b) preferably having an opening (23) delimited by spherical wall sections (24) for mounting a bearing body, such as a spherical cap body (17a), with a pivot pin (17b) firmly attached thereto for transmitting the movement of the tappet member (16) on an adjusting element (4) of the gas control device (4, 7, 11, 29)
and or
the connecting section (22a, 22b) continues with a hem (25) to the side of the cavity (18).

Images