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EP1385362A1 - Zyklotron mit neuen Teilchenstrahl-Ablenkungsmitteln - Google Patents

Zyklotron mit neuen Teilchenstrahl-Ablenkungsmitteln Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1385362A1
EP1385362A1 EP02447140A EP02447140A EP1385362A1 EP 1385362 A1 EP1385362 A1 EP 1385362A1 EP 02447140 A EP02447140 A EP 02447140A EP 02447140 A EP02447140 A EP 02447140A EP 1385362 A1 EP1385362 A1 EP 1385362A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cyclotron
inflection
median plane
magnetic
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP02447140A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Yves Jongen
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ion Beam Applications SA
Original Assignee
Ion Beam Applications SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ion Beam Applications SA filed Critical Ion Beam Applications SA
Priority to EP02447140A priority Critical patent/EP1385362A1/de
Priority to US10/522,649 priority patent/US7456591B2/en
Priority to EP03739886A priority patent/EP1527658B1/de
Priority to AU2003281602A priority patent/AU2003281602A1/en
Priority to PCT/BE2003/000124 priority patent/WO2004010748A1/fr
Priority to ES03739886T priority patent/ES2373548T3/es
Priority to AT03739886T priority patent/ATE524954T1/de
Publication of EP1385362A1 publication Critical patent/EP1385362A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H7/00—Details of devices of the types covered by groups H05H9/00, H05H11/00, H05H13/00
    • H05H7/08—Arrangements for injecting particles into orbits
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H13/00—Magnetic resonance accelerators; Cyclotrons

Definitions

  • the present invention aims to provide a cyclotron fitted with a new type of inflator used to "inflect" a beam of injected charged particles axially by an injection device or injector towards the median plane of the cyclotron.
  • Cyclotrons consist of several separate main assemblies, such as the electromagnet which guides the charged particles, the high frequency resonator which ensures acceleration said particles and finally the injection system of said particles in the cyclotron.
  • the combination of different means allows to accelerate charged particles which will describe in the median plane of the cyclotron (perpendicular to the magnetic field) a trajectory having roughly a spiral shape with a radius ascending around the central (vertical) axis of the cyclotron which is perpendicular to the median plane.
  • the poles of the electromagnet are divided into sectors alternately having a reduced air gap and a larger air gap.
  • the azimuthal variation of the field resulting magnetic effect ensures the vertical and horizontal focusing of the beam during acceleration.
  • the high frequency resonator is constituted by the accelerating electrodes, called frequently "dies" for historical reasons. We thus applies an alternating voltage of several tens of kilovolts at the frequency of rotation particles in the magnet.
  • These charged particles accelerated by a cyclotron can be positive particles, such as protons, or negative particles, such as H - ions.
  • These latter particles are extracted by converting the negative ions into positive ions by passing them through a sheet, for example of carbon, which has the function of stripping the negative ions of their electrons.
  • the main drawback is that that the negative ions are fragile and are therefore easily dissociated by residual gas molecules or by the strong magnetic fields crossed at high energy and present in the cyclotron.
  • the injection device and the source are, for these reasons, located outside the cyclotron. This avoids any pollution of the air gap of the cyclotron.
  • injection and source devices are arranged to the exterior of the cyclotron resides in the smallness of the space available within the cyclotron.
  • the injection devices and source are arranged directly above the central axis of the cyclotron so as to inject the generated particles in an essentially vertical direction towards the center of the cyclotron, where they will be inflected gradually in order to be directed in the median plane (horizontal) of the cyclotron where they will undergo the various acceleration.
  • cyclotrons are called cyclotrons with axial injector.
  • the particle beam will be injected so along the lines of the magnetic field and the particles will not be deflected if the said field is not disturbed magnetic.
  • the inflectors known are electrostatic inflectors which are basically consist of a negative electrode and of a positive electrode between which by a potential difference an electric field is created. This will gradually bend the beam of particles to position it correctly so tangential in the median plane of the cyclotron and therefore perpendicular to its direction of arrival.
  • the particle beam performs a spiral movement.
  • the charged particles acquire a velocity component in the horizontal plane, being subjected to the force of Lorentz.
  • the combination of the two components generates a spiral movement of the particle beam within the central part of the cyclotron.
  • a final problem stems from the fact that symmetry of revolution of the isochronous cyclotron which includes alternating hills and valleys.
  • the focusing is performed by alternating gradients and is particularly delicate in the center of the cyclotron because the effect of modulation of the field due to the hills and valleys disappears at center of the cyclotron.
  • the present invention aims to provide a solution to overcome the different disadvantages of the state of the art.
  • the present invention aims in particular to offer a cyclotron with a new type inflector which allows to gradually inflect the beam of charged particles from a device injection or external injector arranged axially by relation to the center of the cyclotron towards the median plane of said cyclotron in order to subject them to accelerations.
  • the present invention aims to offer a cyclotron with a new type inflectors which solves the problem of presence of a field “bump” in the center of said cyclotron in the case of an isochronous cyclotron.
  • the present invention relates to a cyclotron intended for the acceleration of a beam of charged particles having a so-called axial injector, that is to say arranged outside the cyclotron and perpendicular to the median plane and along the central axis of said cyclotron, which combined with means inflection which bend the particle beam gradually allows to position the beam in the midplane, where the particles will undergo so classic the necessary accelerations.
  • axial injector that is to say arranged outside the cyclotron and perpendicular to the median plane and along the central axis of said cyclotron, which combined with means inflection which bend the particle beam gradually allows to position the beam in the midplane, where the particles will undergo so classic the necessary accelerations.
  • These means inflection are arranged essentially at the intersection of the median plane and the axis of the cyclotron.
  • these means inflection are constituted by a magnetic inflator, that is to say one or more elements which make it possible to give a horizontal or radial component to the magnetic field, so as to guide the beam of charged particles gradually towards the median plane.
  • inflection elements ferro-magnetic arranged to create a field induction with a horizontal component or radial and which are integral with the poles of the cyclotron.
  • rings or washers made of blocks glued with a material that does not modify the magnetic field axial.
  • This material is preferably a magnet strong permanent made of an alloy such as an alloy Samarium-Cobalt or Neodymium-Iron-Boron.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic view in perspective of an isochronous cyclotron in which a inflector according to the present invention may be used.
  • Figure 2 describes a sectional view of such cyclotron.
  • Figure 3a and 3b show a view detailed in plan and in perspective of a first form execution of an inflector according to the present invention.
  • Figure 4 shows a detailed view of a second embodiment of an inflector according to the present invention.
  • Figure 5 shows a Sm-Co ring used in a preferred embodiment of the invention described in Figure 4.
  • Figures 1 and 2 describe an example of a cyclotron which can use the inflectors according to the various embodiments described below.
  • Cyclotron 1 is a compact isochronous cyclotron such as cyclone 30 produced by the applicant intended for the acceleration of negative particles, such as H - .
  • the magnetic structure of cyclotron 1 shown in Fig. 1 vertically in the description that follows this magnetic structure is arranged so that the midplane is essentially horizontal. It consists of a number of elements made of ferro-magnetic material and coils 6 made of a conductive or superconductive material.
  • the coils 6 are essentially shaped circular and are located in the annular space left between sectors 3 and 3 'and flow returns 5.
  • An injection device 100 is arranged essentially axial way, that is to say at some distance outside the cyclotron from the plane median 10. Adequately, this injection device is located in the extension of the central axis of the cyclotron.
  • a central conduit 20 is then created in the cylinder head, for example upper, so that charged particles are injected at the center of the device.
  • the particle beam charged will be injected into said conduit and will then be directed with inflection elements until position in the median plane of said cyclotron.
  • an inflector 30 is arranged essentially in the air gap at the level of the duct central and will gradually inflect the beam of particles from the injection device 100 to the midplane 10.
  • the cyclotron has inflection means or an inflector magnetic.
  • the essential feature of this invention therefore lies in the fact that this kind Inflector does not generate an electric field in the center of the cyclotron.
  • the inflector according to the present invention is composed of magnetic materials, i.e. materials ferromagnetic or permanent magnets, which go disturb the axial magnetic field of the cyclotron, creating thus a horizontal or radial component of said field which will gradually bend the beam along the path wish.
  • such an inflector consists of parts forming the magnetic circuit in the central area of the cyclotron. These parts are integral with the poles and are made of a ferro-magnetic material allowing to introduce a radial component to the magnetic field.
  • the inflection means consist of a first element 31 cone-shaped and whose axis of symmetry coincides with axis 22 of the cyclotron and of a second element 33 essentially in the form of a ring, with the same axis of symmetry, and which essentially surrounds the cone 31, of so as to form an annular space 34 between the two elements 31 and 33.
  • These elements are necessarily made of a ferromagnetic material, such as low carbon or an iron-cobalt alloy.
  • the particle beam will tend to bend along a spiral or helical path as shown in FIG. 3b.
  • the beam is coming essentially by the upper part above inflection elements it should be slightly deflected relative to the central (and vertical) axis of the cyclotron during of its passage between said inflection means.
  • guide coils 28 or other devices adequate deflection must be present above inflection elements.
  • the inflection means are constituted by rings or washers which also provide a horizontal component to the magnetic field.
  • said 40 rings are constructed from small elements 41 which are preferably Samarium-Cobalt magnets.
  • each ring is made from elements 41, which are all permanent magnets with individual orientations of the magnetic field which evolve gradually along the perimeter of the ring.
  • a uniform field 42 is made inside the ring 40. Thanks to the characteristics of the material used, a ring such as represented in FIG. 5, placed in the center of the cyclotron, will not disturb the essentially axial magnetic field (vertical) which is present in the air gap of the cyclotron, at with the exception of the space inside the ring. AT this place, an additional component of the field magnetic is created. By properly disposing of said rings, we can gradually bend the beam of particles until they are arranged in the median plane.
  • the solution will have the advantage of not requiring the presence deflection devices, such as coils guidance, upstream of the inflection elements.
  • An example of execution makes it possible to envisage the acceleration of particles H - in a cyclotron of 115 MeV for an injection energy of 80 kV.
  • the radius of the center of the cyclotron will be 5.12 cm and the connection radius will be between 6 and 7 cm.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Particle Accelerators (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
EP02447140A 2002-07-22 2002-07-22 Zyklotron mit neuen Teilchenstrahl-Ablenkungsmitteln Withdrawn EP1385362A1 (de)

Priority Applications (7)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02447140A EP1385362A1 (de) 2002-07-22 2002-07-22 Zyklotron mit neuen Teilchenstrahl-Ablenkungsmitteln
US10/522,649 US7456591B2 (en) 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 Cyclotron equipped with novel particle beam deflecting means
EP03739886A EP1527658B1 (de) 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 Zyklotron mit neuen teilchenstrahl-umlenkungsmitteln
AU2003281602A AU2003281602A1 (en) 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 Cyclotron equipped with novel particle beam deflecting means
PCT/BE2003/000124 WO2004010748A1 (fr) 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 Cyclotron muni de nouveaux moyens d'inflexion du faisceau de particules
ES03739886T ES2373548T3 (es) 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 Ciclotrón provisto de nuevos medios de inflexión del haz de partículas.
AT03739886T ATE524954T1 (de) 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 Zyklotron mit neuen teilchenstrahl- umlenkungsmitteln

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP02447140A EP1385362A1 (de) 2002-07-22 2002-07-22 Zyklotron mit neuen Teilchenstrahl-Ablenkungsmitteln

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1385362A1 true EP1385362A1 (de) 2004-01-28

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EP02447140A Withdrawn EP1385362A1 (de) 2002-07-22 2002-07-22 Zyklotron mit neuen Teilchenstrahl-Ablenkungsmitteln
EP03739886A Expired - Lifetime EP1527658B1 (de) 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 Zyklotron mit neuen teilchenstrahl-umlenkungsmitteln

Family Applications After (1)

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EP03739886A Expired - Lifetime EP1527658B1 (de) 2002-07-22 2003-07-18 Zyklotron mit neuen teilchenstrahl-umlenkungsmitteln

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US7456591B2 (de)
EP (2) EP1385362A1 (de)
AT (1) ATE524954T1 (de)
AU (1) AU2003281602A1 (de)
ES (1) ES2373548T3 (de)
WO (1) WO2004010748A1 (de)

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Citations (2)

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ATE524954T1 (de) 2011-09-15
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EP1527658B1 (de) 2011-09-14
EP1527658A1 (de) 2005-05-04
US7456591B2 (en) 2008-11-25
AU2003281602A1 (en) 2004-02-09
US20050269497A1 (en) 2005-12-08

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