EP1364351B1 - Procede et dispositif de detection de feux base sur l'analyse d'images - Google Patents
Procede et dispositif de detection de feux base sur l'analyse d'images Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1364351B1 EP1364351B1 EP02711747A EP02711747A EP1364351B1 EP 1364351 B1 EP1364351 B1 EP 1364351B1 EP 02711747 A EP02711747 A EP 02711747A EP 02711747 A EP02711747 A EP 02711747A EP 1364351 B1 EP1364351 B1 EP 1364351B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- image
- algorithm
- detection
- images
- smoke
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 44
- 238000010191 image analysis Methods 0.000 title description 6
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 53
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 claims description 61
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000012800 visualization Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000003086 colorant Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000004590 computer program Methods 0.000 claims description 3
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- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000003517 fume Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 4
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- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000009423 ventilation Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B13/00—Burglar, theft or intruder alarms
- G08B13/18—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength
- G08B13/189—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems
- G08B13/194—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems
- G08B13/196—Actuation by interference with heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength; Actuation by intruding sources of heat, light, or radiation of shorter wavelength using passive radiation detection systems using image scanning and comparing systems using television cameras
- G08B13/19602—Image analysis to detect motion of the intruder, e.g. by frame subtraction
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- G—PHYSICS
- G08—SIGNALLING
- G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
- G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
- G08B17/12—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions
- G08B17/125—Actuation by presence of radiation or particles, e.g. of infrared radiation or of ions by using a video camera to detect fire or smoke
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and a device or a a fire detection system based on image analysis, in particular on the analysis of digital moving picture sequences.
- WO00 / 23959 discloses a system of smoke detection, consisting of video camera equipment, unit for digitizing video signals and a processing unit for digital data.
- Smoke is detected by algorithms of image processing based on comparing pixels between images successive.
- the comparison methods used aim to detect whether a significant change has occurred between an image and a image of reference, which can indicate the appearance of smoke but also another object in the filmed field of view.
- Another algorithm detects the convergence of the color of several pixels to an average value, may indicate a decrease in contrast caused by smoke. A Such convergence may also indicate a change in the conditions lighting.
- a third algorithm measures changes in the sharpness of the transition zones, affected by the smoke but also by the characteristics of the optics that are modified for example during zooms or opening changes. These methods are only suitable for the detection of smoke, but no flames giving off little or no fumes. The algorithms used are complex and require high computing power.
- WO97 / 16926 discloses a change detection method in an image sequence to detect events.
- the method detection is based on taking a reference image that contains the information of the background of the recorded scene.
- the appearance of new objects is detected by methods of thresholding and grouping of pixels.
- the algorithms employed make it hard to distinguish between the appearance of smoke or another object in the field visual filmed.
- EP0818766 discloses a system for detecting forest fires by animated image processing. To detect fire, an algorithm of smoke detection is used. This document describes a method of detection of temporal variations of the intensity of the pixels in low frequency (between 0.3 and 0.1 Hz). So the system is slow enough to react since many cycles of a few tenths of a second are necessary to detect a decorrelation that may indicate the presence of smoke.
- FR-A-2696939 describes a forest fire detection system automatic by image processing.
- the processing algorithms are based on the detection and analysis of volute and cloud movements smoke; they are, on the other hand, not very suitable for the detection of flames or fumes developing in an unusual way, for example under the effect wind or ventilation.
- An object of the present invention is to propose a method and a Fire detection device more reliable, faster and more versatile than the methods and systems of the prior art.
- Another aim is to propose a method and a system of detection of fire which can be implemented using a system of video surveillance already installed on the site to be monitored.
- Figure 1 illustrates a block diagram of a detection system automatic fire making it possible to implement the method of the invention.
- the illustrated system allows you to acquire images from different sources, for example a PAL or NTSC 3 video camera, a digital video camera, recording media such as hard disk 2 or optical disk or video tape 1.
- the image sequences are scanned if necessary by a digitizer 4 and transmitted to a system of digital processing 6, for example an industrial PC, which executes the Flame and smoke detection algorithms described below.
- the digitizer 4 is constituted for example by a digitization card of video footage from the camera or VCR inserted into the digital processing system 6.
- Some algorithms can use one or more images or sequences of reference images, for example a view of the background of the image without fire, in a memory 5.
- the results of the detection algorithms can be displayed locally on the screen of the digital processing system 6 or processed by a system of interpretation of results and decision-making 7 capable of generate alarms or fire or smoke pre-warnings when certain predefined conditions are met.
- This alarm can be transmitted to a central alarm 8, to an apparatus 9 generating an alarm acoustic and / or to an operator via an interface graph 10 on one of the systems 7 or 8.
- the control panel manages all alarms from the interpretation system of results and taking of decision.
- the system 7 can be implemented by a computer near the supervised area or by a program or ensemble of programs executed by the digital processing system.
- alarm center can be located remotely and manage alarms from different sites under surveillance.
- FIG. 2 illustrates a variant of a system making it possible to the invention, in which most of the elements of FIG. are integrated in a single intelligent camera 3, that is to say a camera integrating digital image processing means.
- the camera integrates an optical 30, a not shown image sensor, for example a random access sensor, and a system for acquiring images and digital processing 6 to acquire the sequences of images of the camera in a digital form and to execute on these image sequences the different algorithms for detecting flames and smoke described more low.
- the smart camera 3 also includes a memory 5 for store these algorithms as well as one or more images or sequences reference images used by these algorithms.
- a system of interpretation of results and decision-making 7 can be achieved by example in the form of a computer module loaded in the memory 5 and executed by the digital processing system 6.
- the camera Smart 3 can additionally integrate an event management system 70 to handle the events detected by the system 7 and trigger by example sending an alarm or a pre-alarm.
- the smart camera 2 can be connected through a communication interface to a screen 15 to view either the sequences of images acquired live, or recorded images corresponding to detected events.
- the camera 3 is also able to communicate its results to a computer 12.
- a control unit 11 makes it possible to choose areas of interest in the image, to vary the sensitivity of the detection, to program camera movements, etc.
- the camera 3 therefore constitutes a system complete smart camera able to detect flames and smoke and generate warning signals accordingly.
- FIG. 3 illustrates another variant of a system enabling implement the invention, wherein one or more video cameras 3 smoke detection 13 or flames 14 provide sequences images processed directly by the digital processing system 6, for example an industrial PC on the monitored site.
- the system 6 executes fire detection algorithms by image processing and the interpretation of the results. Images processed and events detected are transmitted to a remote operator equipped with a computer 12 integrating a graphical interface allowing to visualize the images video from the cameras 3 and to inform the operator in case of alarm detection.
- the digital image processing system 6 and the interpretation system of results and decision-making 7 use several distinct image processing algorithms and combined them.
- the algorithms used can be based on the following methods:
- the presence of smoke reduces the sharpness of the outlines of objects present in the scene, which corresponds to a low-pass spatial smoothing filter.
- the high frequencies of the image 31 are thus attenuated by the presence of smoke compared to the reference image 32 stored in the memory 5 and corresponding for example to an image of the background without smoke and no flames.
- the method therefore consists of calculating the transform frequency of each image 31 or image portion acquired using a fast FFT or FHT Fourier transform module 33 for example and compare it using a comparison system 35 with the transform frequency of the reference image 32 calculated by a module 34.
- a decision module 36 may indicate an alarmed smoke or a probability of smoke alarm.
- This algorithm can be used throughout the image. In order to detect more clearly and more quickly the appearance of smoke, this algorithm is preferably applied on one or more sub-portions or zoes of the filmed image; an alarm being triggered as soon as one or minimum number of zones indicate high attenuation spatial frequencies relative to the reference image. It is also possible to apply this algorithm only on the portions of the image on which smoke is likely to appear or in which another algorithm indicated a fire event probability. Finally, this algorithm can either be applied to a grayscale image or another component, ie separately on the different components a color image. Depending on the colors of smoke likely to appear, it is possible to weight differently the different components chromatic.
- the appearance of an object whose contours, chrominance or brightness oscillate at a frequency greater than 0.5 Hz is a sign of the possible presence of flames. This can be detected using a frequency analysis method using the successive images of a sequence of images. To perform this analysis, the computer must have a whole sequence of images in his memory and detect in the domain space objects with the aid of an algorithm of reconaissanc of form.
- This algorithm can also be used to detect and follow on several successive images objects whose shape, size and / or the color vary in a non regular way and according to a frequency random. Object identification and object tracking methods can be to be employed.
- Multiple image sequences can be generated by example using multiple cameras, using a single camera motorized to change the position or angle of view, to using one or more cameras and a set of mirrors, etc.
- the digital processing system 6 may furthermore be connected to one or more external sensors possibly present and to detect particular events, for example temperature sensors, infrared or ultraviolet radiation, movement, etc.
- the indications provided by these sensors are transmitted to of acquisition cards in the digital processing system 6 and can be used to confirm the indications provided by the image processing algorithms or to improve the performance of these algorithms.
- a motion detector can be used to trigger a move or zoom movement optical or digital camera to the area where the movement was product, or to focus the image processing algorithms on image portions corresponding to the area where motion has been detected.
- the results of the different algorithms are combined through a process of interpretation and decision-making of the results executed for example by the system 7 to detect the flames and / or the smoke reliably.
- This process of interpreting the results can take into account the evolution of the various detection criteria in function of time. For example, a level of detection that grows quickly is more dangerous than a stable detection level.
- Image portions can to pose problems of false alarms (chimneys in a landscape, portion of a wall where car headlights are reflected, etc.) can be desensitized without influencing detection in other parts of the image. It is also possible to make more sensitive parts away from the scene, and less sensitive the closer parts in order to offset the perspective effect. This adaptation can be done manually or automatically.
- the sensitivity can be modified to adapt the system to its environment.
- this setting can be done using a single parameter influencing all system algorithms.
- This parameter can be changed via a slider button on the graphical interface 10, a potentiometer, or by any other adjustment element.
- Figure 5 illustrates two slider buttons to separately adjust the flame detection and the smoke detection.
- the different events that can occur in the system are presented by the graphical interface 10 to the operator in order of urgency.
- the graphical interface thus displays for example at the top of the list the alarms flame and smoke starting with the most recent alarm, then the pre-warnings flame and smoke starting here also by the pre-alarm the most recent, other events or alarms possibly detected being displayed at the bottom of the list.
- These other events can understand, for example, camera failures, dirty cameras, indications of insufficient brightness of the scene to be monitored, or external events detected by unrepresented sensors, such as stalling fire extinguishers, door openings, etc.
- a visual message, preferably a "pop-up" window indicating the type of alarm detected and opening in a graphical interface 10, and a sound beep are preference generated when detecting an alarm
- log file a file in the processing system 6, in the system 7 or in the computer used by the remote operator and listing all the events occurred.
- This file is preferably constituted by a XML document also containing images or sequences images related to each event listed, as well as the date of the event. An operator can thus consult the XML file corresponding to the monitoring period and load the images stored, for example remotely, to check the detected alarms and ensure, for example, that the detected alarms match actually to fires.
- the present invention relates to a fire detection method. It also relates to a device specially adapted to implement this process, for example a computer or a smart camera programmed to implement this method, as well as a support for data with a directly loadable computer program in the memory of such a device and comprising portions of code computer hardware constituting means for executing this method.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Computer Vision & Pattern Recognition (AREA)
- Multimedia (AREA)
- Business, Economics & Management (AREA)
- Emergency Management (AREA)
- Fire-Detection Mechanisms (AREA)
- Alarm Systems (AREA)
- Closed-Circuit Television Systems (AREA)
- Control Of Combustion (AREA)
Description
- La caméra peut détecter la fumée et les flammes à distance, avant que celles-ci n'atteignent le capteur, un tel système est donc capable de combler les lacunes des systèmes traditionnels en extérieur ou dans les grands locaux.
- Les image prises par la caméra peuvent non seulement être traitées, mais aussi utilisées pour la visualisation de l'incident par un opérateur. Ceci est utile pour la levée des doutes en cas de fausse détection: la visualisation de l'image ou de la séquence d'images par un humain permet d'éviter de nombreux déplacement inutiles.
- Les image prises permettent aussi de se faire une idée plus précise de l'ampleur de l'incendie, ainsi que du type d'incendie. Il est ainsi possible de préparer immédiatement le bon matériel d'intervention, et de gagner ainsi de précieuses minutes.
- Un encrassement du capteur (caméra) est visible sur l'image, et selon l'invention peut même être détecté automatiquement, contrairement aux capteurs de rayonnement UV qui perdent leur efficacité sans que cela soit détectable.
- Une panne ou un sabotage de la caméra est détectable automatiquement.
- La caméra utilisée pour la détection d'incendie est utilisable simultanément pour des applications de surveillance vidéo classiques, ce qui permet de simplifier le câblage.
Claims (24)
- Procédé de détection automatique de feu, basé sur la - reconnaissance de flammes et/ou de fumée à partir de l'analyse d'une séquence d'images, l'analyse étant basée sur plusieurs algorithmes de traitement d'images,
caractérisé en ce qu'un algorithme consiste à comparer le contenu fréquentiel d'au moins une image (31) de ladite séquence avec le contenu fréquentiel d'une image de référence (32) de manière à détecter une atténuation des hautes fréquences indépendamment des variations sur les autres portions du spectre spatial de l'image. - Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel la sensibilité de détection d'au moins un desdits algorithmes peut être réglée au travers d'une interface graphique (10) indépendamment de la sensibilité globale du système.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, dans lequel ladite comparaison est effectuée uniquement en un ou plusieurs endroits de ladite image (31).
- Procédé selon la revendication 3, dans lequel ladite image (31) est divisée en plusieurs zones, ladite comparaison étant effectuée entre au moins une zone de ladite image de référence (32) et au moins une zone comparable d'un moins une image (31) de ladite séquence.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, dans lequel le contenu fréquentiel d'au moins deux composantes chromatiques desdites images de ladite séquence et de ladite image de référence sont calculés et employés séparément pour ladite comparaison.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, dans lequel au moins un desdits algorithmes de traitement d'image est un algorithme de détection de fumées par mesure de la saturation des couleurs dans au moins une portion desdites images.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel au moins un desdits algorithmes de traitement d'image est un algorithme de détection de disparition des segments droits dans au moins une portion desdites images (31).
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel au moins un desdits algorithmes de traitement d'image est un algorithme de détection de flammes (14).
- Procédé selon la revendication 8, dans lequel un dit algorithme de détection de flammes consiste à analyser des variations entre images consécutives pour détecter des objets dont les contours oscillent avec une fréquence supérieur à 0.5Hz.
- Procédé selon la revendication 8, dans lequel un dit algorithme de détection de flammes consiste à identifier des objets dont la forme et la couleur varient de manière non régulière.
- Procédé selon la revendication 8, dans lequel un dit algorithme de détection de flammes consiste à évaluer les températures de couleur dans au moins une portion desdites images pour détecter la présence de flammes.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, dans lequel au moins un desdits algorithmes de traitement d'image utilise plusieurs séquences d'image représentant la même vue sous différents angles.
- Procédé selon la revendication 12, dans lequel ledit algorithme utilisant plusieurs séquences d'images permet de fournir une information sur la distance, la forme et/ou le volume des flammes et de la fumée.
- Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel au moins un desdits algorithmes de traitement d'image est un algorithme permettant de détecter la présence d'un nouvel objet dans une portion d'image.
- Procédé selon la revendication 14, dans lequel au moins un algorithme de détection de flamme ou de fumée est utilisé pour analyser de manière plus détaillée la portion d'image où un nouvel objet est apparu.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 15, dans lequel l'évolution temporelles des résultats fournis par au moins un desdits algorithmes est prise en compte dans la détection de flammes ou de fumée.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 16, mis en oeuvre à l'aide d'au moins une caméra vidéo (3) et un dispositif de numérisation vidéo (4) connecté à un ordinateur (6) pour effectuer l'ensemble des algorithmes de détection, et équipé de moyens de visualisation (10, 15, 12) pour un opérateur humain.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 16, mis en oeuvre par une caméra numérique (3) intégrant l'optique (30), le capteur d'image, le dispositif de numérisation des images, le processeur (6) pour l'exécution de l'ensemble des algorithmes de détection et une interface de communication des résultats de détection et/ou de moyens de visualisation pour un opérateur humain.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 18, comprenant une étape de réglage de la sensibilité à l'aide d'un élément de réglage permettant de choisir indépendamment la sensibilité de détection de flammes et la sensibilité de détection de la fumée.
- Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 18, comprenant une étape de réglage de la sensibilité à l'aide d'un élément de réglage permettant de choisir indépendamment la sensibilité de détection à chaque algorithme parmi une pluralité d'algorithmes employés.
- Dispositif de traitement d'images numériques (6; 3) adapté pour recevoir des séquences d'images numériques provenant d'au moins une caméra vidéo (3) et comprenant un programme informatique permettant d'exécuter le procédé d'une des revendications précédentes.
- Dispositif selon la revendication précédente, comprenant des moyens de visualisation (10, 15, 12) pour un opérateur humain permettant de visualiser lesdites séquences d'images numériques.
- Dispositif selon la revendication précédente, comprenant des moyens de génération d'alarme pour générer une alarme affichée sur lesdits moyens de visualisation dès qu'un feu a été détecté, et des moyens permettant à un opérateur humain de confirmer ou d'infirmer la présence de feu en visualisant lesdites images.
- Support de données comportant un programme d'ordinateur directement chargeable dans la mémoire d'un dispositif de traitement numérique et comprenant des portions de code informatique constituant des moyens pour exécuter le procédé d'une des revendications 1 à 20.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH3402001 | 2001-02-26 | ||
CH340012001 | 2001-02-26 | ||
PCT/CH2002/000118 WO2002069292A1 (fr) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-02-26 | Procede et dispositif de detection de feux base sur l'analyse d'images |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1364351A1 EP1364351A1 (fr) | 2003-11-26 |
EP1364351B1 true EP1364351B1 (fr) | 2005-06-29 |
EP1364351B8 EP1364351B8 (fr) | 2006-05-03 |
Family
ID=4505312
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02711747A Expired - Lifetime EP1364351B8 (fr) | 2001-02-26 | 2002-02-26 | Procede et dispositif de detection de feux base sur l'analyse d'images |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US6937743B2 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1364351B8 (fr) |
AT (1) | ATE298912T1 (fr) |
ES (1) | ES2243699T3 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2002069292A1 (fr) |
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-
2002
- 2002-02-26 AT AT02711747T patent/ATE298912T1/de active
- 2002-02-26 WO PCT/CH2002/000118 patent/WO2002069292A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2002-02-26 EP EP02711747A patent/EP1364351B8/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-02-26 ES ES02711747T patent/ES2243699T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
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2003
- 2003-08-25 US US10/647,109 patent/US6937743B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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ATE298912T1 (de) | 2005-07-15 |
EP1364351B8 (fr) | 2006-05-03 |
US20040175040A1 (en) | 2004-09-09 |
WO2002069292A8 (fr) | 2003-11-13 |
WO2002069292A1 (fr) | 2002-09-06 |
ES2243699T3 (es) | 2005-12-01 |
US6937743B2 (en) | 2005-08-30 |
EP1364351A1 (fr) | 2003-11-26 |
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