EP1362955B1 - Process for post-isolating portions of buildings and/or of equipments - Google Patents

Abstract

The surrounding ground (2) and/or filler form part of the damp proof sealing, with a self-setting substance pressed into ground or filler. Sufficient moisture is imparted to this substance for it to harden in situ. The substance is injected from within the building etc in a number of stages, allowing partial hardening between the stages. Injection is through holes (9) in the walls (5) or floor (2) and the first stage is carried out in the immediate vicinity of the outside layer or insulating layer (10) of the building (1), following the required hardening process and to the required depth. The next injection proceeds to form the protective vaulted layer (17), continuing injections down to 200 cm. Prescribed substances include cement of 3500-20000 Blaine fineness (cm2/g) and filler composed of sand or sand and gravel mixed.

Description

The invention relates to a method for the subsequent insulation of building parts, in particular for carrying out moisture insulation and improving the static, wherein the inclusion of the immediate soil and / or filling material for sealing takes place and a hardening substance by means of an injection lance under pressure into the soil and / or Filling material is pressed.

Parts of the building and especially underground parts of the building and earth-contacting structures must be protected from moisture damage by moisture insulation before the entry of groundwater, earth moisture and / or seepage rainwater. For this purpose, in new construction projects, the subterraneous building parts are provided with an outer insulating layer, for example of bitumen or other non-rotting and moisture-insulating materials. Both the edge region of the base plate or the existing walls are coated with the aforementioned materials. The coating can be done by applying a Betumickick coating. Furthermore, in new buildings in problem areas with a raised groundwater level from the outset a waterproof concrete tub (white tub) can be provided, which is impermeable to water by special concrete recipes and suitable manufacturing processes, for example by chemical additives or a higher compression of the existing concrete mass. However, such measures are economically feasible only in a new building, whereas in older buildings that do not have a corresponding insulation, subsequent measures for a sufficient seal are feasible only with considerable effort. As a rule, for this purpose, the building must be completely exposed in the area of the basement and, where appropriate, the insulating layer applied subsequently. The effort to carry out this measure is very time-consuming and costly, in the case of problems with the bottom plate at high groundwater levels an external insulation is almost impossible. In the case of damage to the insulating outer skin or in case of rising groundwater may need repair be made on the insulating layer, which are also very problematic feasible.

Furthermore, methods are known which, using chemical materials which are injected directly into the existing walls under pressure, are intended to effect insulation of the masonry against moisture. However, it has been shown that such methods generally can not provide comprehensive coverage for sufficient insulation and, moreover, are also very expensive due to the materials used. Their application in the groundwater sector is not without problems

From CA 2 315 468 a method is known for securing a tunnel-like vault surrounded by loose rock. Here, a hole is introduced into the surrounding rock to a depth of 70 meters and ausiniziiert with a solidifying material. A Ausiniziierung: can be done for example in a first step with a predetermined depth of the holes and in a second step, further holes between the ausinizüerten previously ausinizüerten areas are introduced and have after their solidification of the underlying rock layers a greater depth.

From JP-A2001192496 a method is known, for example, to secure railway tunnels, wherein from the surface deep bores are introduced to the vicinity of the tunnel and then Ausinizuerung takes place. The various drill holes terminate in the immediate vicinity of the tunnel area and laterally above and below the tunnel, so that the surrounding rock can be stabilized large-volume, to prevent collapse of the vault due to earth shifts.

From US-A-2187324 a method for the elimination of damage occurred in an existing masonry or a concrete wall is known, for example, to seal cracking occurred. For this purpose, an injection lance is introduced into an introduced bore and executed on the outside immediately adjacent to the masonry or the concrete wall an injection, so that the area is sealed by the crack occurred. The invention is based on the object to show a novel method which allows a subsequent complete sealing insulation of underground building components, such as basements.

According to the invention is provided for solving the problem that for introducing the injection lance several spaced holes are drilled in the walls and the floor area of the building and after drilling a first injection of the substance takes place in the immediate vicinity of the outer layer or insulating layer of the building, after curing the boreholes are extended to a necessary drilling depth, a second or further injection of the substance behind the hardened gewötbeartigen. Protective layer takes place, wherein the aforementioned steps to. be repeated to reach a depth of 30 to 200 cm or after drilling a first injection of the substance at a distance of the underground. Building components to about 200 cm takes place and the injection lance is pulled backwards out of the holes, the injection of the substance is carried out continuously or in sections to the immediate vicinity of the building components.

Compared to the known methods, therefore, a seal is not made in the existing masonry or concrete plant, but it is an additional sealing protective layer outside of the existing building in the ground or the existing filler produced. As a result, for example, it is also possible subsequently to provide an insulating protective layer underneath the bottom plate, which protects in particular from penetrating groundwater from the bottom area. The protective layer to be introduced can be pulled up to the height of the floor plate past the vertical walls, which guarantees sufficient moisture protection, the vertical extent can be adjusted according to the measured groundwater levels so that adequate protection against oscillating water levels is guaranteed.

For retrofitting a building or underground In situ building components, a sufficient layer thickness of the insulation is produced in several individual steps by first drilling a plurality of spaced-apart boreholes into the walls and the floor area of the building in order to introduce the injection lance, which after drilling has a first injection of the substance in the immediate vicinity of the outer Layer or insulating layer of the building takes place and after hardening the holes are extended to a necessary increased drilling depth, a second or further pressings of the substance behind the already hardened vault-like layer and the steps are successively repeated until a desired depth of 30 to approx 200 cm has been reached

Alternatively, it is possible to drill a plurality of spaced bores into the walls and floor area of the building to insert the injection lance; After drilling, a first injection of the substance at a distance of the underground building components of about 200 cm is done and the injection lance backwards pulled out of the holes, the injection of the substance is carried out continuously or in sections to the immediate vicinity of the building components. The drill holes can be arranged horizontally, vertically or inclined to the horizontal, so that the tip of the injection lance can be guided both in the lateral layers of soil as well as under the bottom plate and is adjustable in the respective depth. Preferably, the pressing of the substance is carried out with a sufficient pressure, so that it can be pressed not only in the immediate vicinity of the lance tip, but far-reaching. This means that only a few holes are necessary and a rational operation is possible. For this purpose, a plurality of injection lances can be produced simultaneously or else, if appropriate, due to the delayed hardening with an injection lance, a surface-covering insulating layer which joins to form a uniform, arch-like protective layer. The side-by-side and one behind the other vault-like layers thus combine to form a stable and self-contained sealing protective cover, which encloses the underground building components and thus prevents the ingress of moisture. Furthermore, this protective layer absorbs all or part of the horizontal forces generated by earth pressure and / or hydrostatic pressure.

Preferably, a cement or a cement mixture with a fineness of 3500 to 20,000 Blaine (cm ² / g) is used as the substance, which optionally ensures sufficient moisture insulation by chemical additives. Due to the fineness of the cement or cement mixture, this ensures in particular that the substance pressed in by the injection lances can penetrate deep into the pore space of the soil or filling material and thus forms a large, arched layer around the lance tip. For application of the method according to the invention, it is necessary in this case for the filling material or soil to have a suitable grain size, which can combine with the injected cement to form a concrete-like mass

The process according to the invention is particularly suitable for those areas which, due to pent-up rivers, flood plains or other regional changes, lead to an increase in the groundwater level. A special feature of the method is that through the formation of the protective layer outside the building components an improvement in statics is even possible and for the occurring horizontal loads is compensated by the water pressure, making the process is particularly suitable for swinging water levels with increased water pressure from the outside. Further advantages result from the fact that the bottom plate can be included in the sealing measure and leads to an improvement of the static load capacity and to absorb the horizontal loads. Thus, by the protective layer, an increased loads by horizontal loads and any static weaknesses of the building against the pressure fluctuations occurring can be absorbed.

To form the protective layer is provided in a further embodiment of the method that the pressed substance moisture is supplied in sufficient quantity or that the substance is enriched with a sufficient amount of moisture or that the pressed-in substance reacts with the present in the soil or filler moisture at least partially and cures.

The substance can be used in several successive operations be pressed, with at least partial hardening can be waited between the operations. In this way, a plurality of vault-like layers lying behind one another can be produced, which connect to one another during the curing and advantageously allow a different formation of the layer thickness in accordance with the respective requirements. Preferably, the substance is supplied by an injection lance the soil or filler under pressure.

In a further advantageous embodiment of the method it is provided that the introduction of the substance takes place from within the building parts and / or facilities.

In a further particular embodiment of the invention, it is provided that quality assurance measures a continuous and / or subsequent control of the Substanzeinpressung is made. For this purpose, for example, a georadar is used, which is used during or after completion of the injection process for analysis of the soil area and thus allows control of the existing penetration depth and propagation of the substance in the soil or filler. According to the respective requirements, a layer thickness of about 30 to 200 cm can thus be built up, which is produced in a controlled process. Alternatively, for quality assurance, it is possible to use a seismic method, which also allows a local determination of the layer thickness and propagation of the protective layer. By means of the abovementioned methods, a sufficient thickness of the protective layer can be guaranteed, in particular without additional work, for example control bores, it being possible to rework possible weak points.

A simple method to monitor the extent of stratification is that in additional holes control means, such as rods are introduced, which allow control of the spread of the injected substance. The control rods are pushed back by the hardening and spreading substance within the existing holes and can already be seen when injecting to which areas the injection has taken place.

A particular advantage of the method lies in the fact that the layer thickness can be adapted to the respective requirements and due to the fineness of the cement used a water-impermeable concrete layer is formed, which prevents moisture from entering the basement rooms through the subsequently formed concrete tub or up to a harmless Reduced measure, with the concrete tub not only on the side masonry, but can extend partially or completely to below the bottom plate.

The method will be explained in more detail by the accompanying figures.

Figur 1

in einer geschnittenen Seitenansicht unterirdisch liegende Gebäudebestandteile mit einer sie umgebenden Schutzschicht nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren und

Figur 2

eine vergrößerte Darstellung gemäß Figur 1.

It shows

FIG. 1

in a sectional side view of underlying building components with a surrounding protective layer according to the inventive method and

FIG. 2

an enlarged view of Figure 1.

Figure 1 shows the lower portion of a building 1, with a lying in the ground 2 basement 3. The basement level 3 consists of a bottom plate 4 and side walls 5 and a ceiling 6, which also forms the bottom of the ground floor. In which the basement 3 surrounding soil 2 is an irregularly shaped protective layer 7 is formed in a thickness of about 30 - 200 cm, which protects the basement 3 from the ingress of moisture. For applying the method according to the invention are in the walls 5 and

Base plate 4 holes 8.9 introduced, through which an injection lance, not shown, can be inserted for pressing the substance. In this case, there is the possibility after completion of the bores 8,9 with a single injection lance or at the same time with several injection lances to carry out the pressing-in to be made. The necessary for the injection of the material units are not shown in this drawing, but belong to the prior art. Depending on the local conditions, the injection lances can be pushed into the surrounding soil 2 to a depth of, for example, 2 m, in order to begin the injection of the substance. Preferably, the lances are inserted to the intended depth and pulled out of the boreholes 8, 9 after the injection is withdrawn. Alternatively, there is the possibility that first a pressing in the immediate vicinity of the basement level 3 takes place and at least a partial curing of the protective layer 7 is awaited, before by deeper holes again by means of the injection lance the substance is pressed.

The advantages of the method are that even the area below the bottom plate 4 can be included in the insulation and the formation of a vault-like protective layer 7, an improvement in statics is made so that the basement level 3 can accommodate higher horizontal loads.

FIG. 2 shows an enlarged view of a corner region of basement 3 according to FIG. 1. In this enlarged representation, it can be clearly seen that protective layer 7 extends below the base plate and can be brought up to the old insulation 10 of basement 3, if necessary. The spreading of the protective layer 7 can be controlled by a continuous or subsequent control of the substance substance injection, whereby in the case of weak points it is readily possible to carry out a new injection by means of a new bore.

reference numeral

1

building

2

soil

3

basement

4

baseplate

5

wall

6

blanket

7

protective layer

8th

drilling

9

drilling

10

insulation

Claims (14)

1. Method for subsequently insulating building parts (1), in particular for performing insulation against humidity and for improving statics, the surrounding ground (2) and/or filler material being included for sealing purposes, and a curing substance being injected into the ground and/or the filler material by means of an injection lance,
   characterized in
   that for inserting the injection lance, several spaced drilled holes (8, 9) are drilled into the walls (5) and the ground area (4) of the building, and that after the drilling, a first injection of the substance is performed immediately proximate to the outer layer or insulating layer (10), respectively, of the building (1), after curing the drilled holes (8, 9) are extended until a necessary drilling depth is achieved, a second or further injections of the substance is/are performed behind the cured vaulted protective layer (7), the aforementioned operations being repeated until a depth of 30 to 200 cm is reached or until after drilling a first injection of the substance is performed at a distance from the underground building components of up to approx. 200 cm and the injection lance is withdrawn aback from the drilled holes (8, 9), the injection of the substance being performed continuously or by sections up to the immediate proximity to the building components.
2. Method according to claim 1,
   characterized in
   that an adequate amount of humidity is supplied to the injected substance or that the substance is enriched with an adequate amount of humidity, or that the injected substance at least partially reacts and cures with the humidity present in said ground (2) or filler material.
3. Method according to claim 1 or 2,
   characterized in
   that the incorporation of the substance is effected within the building parts (1).
4. Method according to claim 1, 2, or 3,
   characterized in
   that the substance is injected in several subsequently performed operations, between the operations at least partial curing is awaited.
5. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 12,
   characterized in
   that the substance is supplied to the ground (2) or filler material via an injection lance adjustable in the depth.
6. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 5,
   characterized in
   that the drilled holes (8, 9) are arranged horizontally, vertically or inclined with respect to the horizontal line.
7. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 6,
   characterized in
   that several vaulted layers (7) located adjacently one behind the other combine to form a completely sealed protective covering.
8. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 7,
   characterized in
   that as a substance cement or a cement mixture having a fineness of 3,500 to 20,000 Blaine (cm²/g) is used.
9. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 8,
   characterized in
   that the filler material or ground, respectively, consists of sand, pebble stones or at least partially a sand/pebble stone mixture.
10. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 9,
    characterized in
    that a current and/or subsequent control of the performed substance injection
    is executed by quality assurance measures.
11. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 10,
    characterized in
    that for executing the quality assurance measures, for example, a ground penetration radar is used which is employed during the injection method for analysing the ground area.
12. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 11,
    characterized in
    that as quality assurance measure, a seismic process is used.
13. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 12,
    characterized in
    that a local position and thickness analysis of the performed injection is executed by means of a ground penetration radar or a seismic process, respectively.
14. Method according to one or more of claims 1 to 13,
    characterized in
    that control means, such as rods, are inserted into additional drilled holes, the control means ensuring control of the spreading of the injected substance.

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