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EP1353572A1 - Method for the treatment of tobacco - Google Patents

Method for the treatment of tobacco

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Publication number
EP1353572A1
EP1353572A1 EP01964985A EP01964985A EP1353572A1 EP 1353572 A1 EP1353572 A1 EP 1353572A1 EP 01964985 A EP01964985 A EP 01964985A EP 01964985 A EP01964985 A EP 01964985A EP 1353572 A1 EP1353572 A1 EP 1353572A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
tobacco
steam
treatment
moisture
casing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01964985A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1353572B1 (en
Inventor
Michael Intorp
Hans-Jürgen Nikulla
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH
HF and PhF Reemtsma GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH
HF and PhF Reemtsma GmbH and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH, HF and PhF Reemtsma GmbH and Co filed Critical Reemtsma Cigarettenfabriken GmbH
Priority to SI200130277T priority Critical patent/SI1353572T1/en
Publication of EP1353572A1 publication Critical patent/EP1353572A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1353572B1 publication Critical patent/EP1353572B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/12—Steaming, curing, or flavouring tobacco
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A24—TOBACCO; CIGARS; CIGARETTES; SIMULATED SMOKING DEVICES; SMOKERS' REQUISITES
    • A24B—MANUFACTURE OR PREPARATION OF TOBACCO FOR SMOKING OR CHEWING; TOBACCO; SNUFF
    • A24B3/00—Preparing tobacco in the factory
    • A24B3/04—Humidifying or drying tobacco bunches or cut tobacco

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for treating tobacco, in particular Burley tobacco, by applying casing and subsequent thermal treatment.
  • casings are common steps in the processing of leaf tobacco before cutting.
  • the aim of a casing treatment is to improve the processability and the taste properties of the tobacco material.
  • Common components of casings are humectants such as glycols or glycerin, sugar and solid natural substances such as cocoa or licorice. High viscosity and the solids content of casings make it difficult to achieve a desired, uniform penetration of the tobacco material with the casing components.
  • the heated casing is given together with a moistening by water and steam in aggregates known as casing drums.
  • Burley tobaccos generally have relatively high levels of nitrogen compounds with low sugar levels. For this reason, an acceptable smoke taste can often only be achieved by using sugar-containing casings in combination with a subsequent thermal treatment.
  • reaction products such as e.g. Pyrazines arise that contribute to the improvement of sensory quality.
  • a belt dryer with several drying and cooling zones is used for the thermal treatment of casing-treated Burley tobacco, in which the tobacco is dried from approximately 30% initial moisture to approximately 5% moisture. For further processing, especially for cutting, the tobacco must then be moistened again to about 16% to 22%.
  • Exposure intensity of the steam is not optimal. Furthermore, a lot of energy has to be used for the strong drying. Belt dryers also require a lot of space and, due to their design, lead to an inhomogeneous moisture distribution. Another disadvantage is the high fragility of the tobacco material when the humidity is below 10%, which leads to losses due to the formation of tobacco greens and dust.
  • US 5 755 238 describes a method for rapid drying, cooling and rewetting with the aid of a multi-treatment the drying unit and the rewetting in a separate steam tunnel.
  • the moisture of the tobacco material is approx. 30% before drying, approx. 5% before the steam tunnel and approx. 15% after rewetting.
  • the hot air temperature of the dryer is approx. 105 ° C to 115 ° C and the total throughput time is approx. 60 seconds. Improved moisture homogeneity is to be achieved by using several fluidized bed drying zones.
  • US 4 004 594 discloses a method for conditioning tobacco, in particular Burley tobacco, which provides impregnation of the tobacco particles with casing, a thermal treatment for expelling the nitrogen or the nitrogen compounds and the adjustment of the desired moisture content.
  • the treatment system consists of a dosing unit, a casing drum, a preconditioning unit for treatment with steam and units for heating, cooling and rewetting the tobacco.
  • the tobacco moisture levels after the dosing unit are 14% to 20%, preferably 18%, after the casing drum 30% to 42%, preferably 32%, after preconditioning approx. 35%, after heating 4% to 7% and after rewetting approx. 18% to 22%.
  • a treatment with saturated steam of 2.5 bar to 3.5 bar takes place in the preconditioning unit, resulting in a tobacco temperature of approximately 70 ° C. in order to achieve an improved penetration of the casing into the tobacco leaf.
  • US 3 402 479 describes a tunnel-like apparatus for the transport and treatment of nitrogen-rich tobacco with zones for predrying, for heating the tobacco without loss of moisture through the use of an appropriately conditioned medium and for cooling the material to be treated.
  • the entry moisture of the tobacco material is 40% to 50%
  • the temperature of the medium after predrying is approx. 100 ° C
  • the discharge moisture is approx. 16% to 18%.
  • the tobacco which is cased and has a moisture content of about 15% to 25% and which is generally in the form of leaf tobacco is subjected to an intensive steam treatment.
  • the tobacco temperature is in a range from 80 ° C to 115 ° C, while the tobacco moisture is 15% to 25%.
  • An intermediate step, which leads to a strong drying of the tobacco, does not occur in the method according to the invention.
  • the steam treatment is preferably carried out in such a way that the tobacco is brought into intensive contact with the treatment medium over a period of 0.1 minutes to 10 minutes.
  • the ratio of the mass flow rate of steam to tobacco is preferably set in a range from 0.1 to 0.5.
  • the treatment is preferably carried out in a so-called steam tunnel.
  • steam tunnel Such units are available, for example, from Sagemüller GmbH, Bockhorn or HAUNI Maschinenbau AG, Hamburg.
  • saturated steam is preferably used with a pressure (before feeding into the steam tunnel) of 2 bar to 12 bar, particularly preferably from 4 bar to 10 bar.
  • the moisture of the tobacco changes during the steam treatment depending on the choice of process parameters such as pressure of the steam and residence time (exposure time of the steam) by only a few percentage points.
  • process parameters such as pressure of the steam and residence time (exposure time of the steam) by only a few percentage points.
  • the tobacco treated according to the method according to the invention has a significantly more homogeneous moisture distribution than that which was treated according to the conventional method with a belt dryer.
  • the tobacco treated according to the invention can be treated with medium-volatile aroma substances in the form of a so-called top dressing, which is preferably alcoholic, after steam treatment and cooling.
  • the tobacco is then fed to the cutting process alone or after mixing with other types of tobacco without further dampening or drying steps.
  • the effects of the aftertreatment can be changed to a greater extent without the discharge moisture (ie the tobacco moisture after the steam treatment) by changing the exposure time of the steam or correspondingly increasing the treatment temperature or the pressure of the steam to influence.
  • an adaptation to the nitrogen content of the tobacco material can take place in this way, for example in order to expel smaller amounts of volatile nitrogen compounds in the case of low-nitrogen tobacco than in the case of nitrogen-rich ones, which in turn can lead to improved sensory results.
  • a partially inverted aqueous saccharose solution was applied to both test tobacco in the same quantity and quality and subjected to thermal treatment in two test systems (example 1, example 2) in corresponding test systems. delt.
  • the total sugar content before the thermal treatment was 10%.
  • the so-called fluidized bed dryer (example 1) represents the application of a conventional method and is based on the principle of the vibratory conveyor with holes in the base plate through which hot air flows through the material to be treated.
  • the initial moisture (entry moisture) of the leaf tobacco was a uniform 22%.
  • the tobacco moisture was determined by drying the tobacco samples in unsealed aluminum cans with the aid of a calibrated convection oven at a temperature of 80 ° C for a period of 3 hours.
  • Table 1 shows the hot air temperatures used, the corresponding dwell times and the discharge moisture (i.e. tobacco moisture after treatment in a fluidized bed dryer) of leaf tobacco.
  • Example 2 The same base tobacco charged with partially inverted sucrose as in Example 1 was used. The initial moisture was 18%.
  • a conventional steam tunnel with an oscillating conveyor was used as the treatment unit, in which hot steam (saturated steam) flowing out of holes in a base plate interacts with the leaf tobacco; basically there is atmospheric pressure in the steam tunnel (open system).
  • the pressure of the steam before it was fed into the steam tunnel was approximately 7 bar and the mass ratio of tobacco to steam was 0.2.
  • Table 2 shows the parameter combinations used.
  • the tobacco temperature discharge and the discharge moisture are the tobacco temperature and the tobacco moisture immediately after the steam treatment.
  • Tables 3 and 4 compare the results obtained for each of the two basic tobaccos examined according to parameter combinations 1 to 3 and 4 to 6 described in Tables 1 and 2. The content of total amino acids and ammonia were examined, each based on dry matter (TS). Table 3: Analysis data of treated Korean Burley
  • the treated Burley tobacco was cut to prepare trial cigarettes and compared in pairs by an expert panel. In both cases, the comparison between the method according to the invention and the conventional method showed no significant differences.

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  • Manufacture Of Tobacco Products (AREA)
  • Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for the treatment of tobacco, in particular of Burley tobacco, whereby the tobacco, preferably in the form of leaf tobacco, is treated with a casing, preferably containing sugar. A thermal treatment of the tobacco treated with casing then occurs using saturated steam. Before the treatment, the moisture content of the tobacco is in the range of 15 % to 25 % and after the treatment the moisture content is in the range of 15 % to 25 % and the tobacco temperature is in the range 80 DEG C to 115 DEG C.

Description

Verfahren zum Behandeln von Tabak Method of treating tobacco
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Behandeln von Tabak, insbesondere von Burley-Tabak, durch Aufbringen von Casing und anschließende thermische Behandlung.The invention relates to a method for treating tobacco, in particular Burley tobacco, by applying casing and subsequent thermal treatment.
Die Applikation so genannter Casings stellt einen üblichen Arbeitsschritt in der Aufbereitung von Blatttabak vor dem Schneiden dar. Ziel einer Casing-Behandlung ist die Verbesserung der Verarbeitungsfähigkeit sowie der geschmacklichen Eigenschaften des Tabakmaterials. Übliche Bestandteile von Casings sind Feuchthaltemittel wie z.B. Glycole oder Glycerin, Zucker sowie feste Naturstoffe wie beispielsweise Kakao oder Lakritz . Hohe Viskosität und der Feststoffgehalt von Casings erschweren eine erwünschte, gleichmäßige Durchdringung des Tabakguts mit den Casing-Komponenten. Um ein Eindringen des Casings in die Zell- Struktur des Tabaks zu verbessern,, erfolgt die Aufgabe des erwärmten Casings zusammen mit einer Auffeüchtung durch Wasser und Dampf in als Casing-Trommeln bezeichneten Aggregaten. Die konventionelle Technik der Gasing-Applikation ist beschrieben in Voges, "Tobacco Encyclopedia" , Mainzer Verlagsanstalt und Druk- kerei Willi und Rothe GmbH & Co KG, Mainz, 1984; S. 65 (Stich- wort "Casing"), S. 411 (Kapitel "Tobacco Flavours and Casings") , S. 416 und 417 (Kapitel "The Production of Cut Tobacco", Abschnitte "Special Treatment for Burley" und "Casing") .The application of so-called casings is a common step in the processing of leaf tobacco before cutting. The aim of a casing treatment is to improve the processability and the taste properties of the tobacco material. Common components of casings are humectants such as glycols or glycerin, sugar and solid natural substances such as cocoa or licorice. High viscosity and the solids content of casings make it difficult to achieve a desired, uniform penetration of the tobacco material with the casing components. In order to improve the penetration of the casing into the cell structure of the tobacco, the heated casing is given together with a moistening by water and steam in aggregates known as casing drums. The conventional technique of the gasing application is described in Voges, "Tobacco Encyclopedia", Mainz Publishing House and Printer Willi and Rothe GmbH & Co KG, Mainz, 1984; P. 65 word "Casing"), p. 411 (chapter "Tobacco Flavors and Casings"), p. 416 and 417 (chapter "The Production of Cut Tobacco", sections "Special Treatment for Burley" and "Casing").
Burley-Tabake weisen in der Regel relativ hohe Gehalte von Stickstoffverbindungen bei gleichzeitig niedrigen Zuckergehalten auf. Aus diesem Grund kann häufig erst durch Anwendung von zuk- kerhaltigen Casings in Kombination mit einer nachfolgenden thermischen Behandlung ein akzeptabler Rauchgeschmack erzielt wer- den. Neben einer Entfernung flüchtiger Stickstoffverbindungen durch die thermische Behandlung können aus Zucker- und Stickstoffkomponenten Reaktionsprodukte wie z.B. Pyrazine entstehen, die zur Verbesserung der sensorischen Qualität beitragen. In der Regel wird für die thermische Behandlung von casingbehandeltem Burley-Tabak ein sogenannter Bandtrockner mit mehreren Trocken- und Kühlzonen eingesetzt, in dem der Tabak von etwa 30% Anfangs- feuchte auf etwa 5% Feuchte abgetrocknet wird. Zur weiteren Verarbeitung, insbesondere zum Schneiden, muss der Tabak anschließend wieder auf etwa 16% bis 22% aufgefeuchtet werden.Burley tobaccos generally have relatively high levels of nitrogen compounds with low sugar levels. For this reason, an acceptable smoke taste can often only be achieved by using sugar-containing casings in combination with a subsequent thermal treatment. In addition to the removal of volatile nitrogen compounds by thermal treatment, reaction products such as e.g. Pyrazines arise that contribute to the improvement of sensory quality. As a rule, a belt dryer with several drying and cooling zones is used for the thermal treatment of casing-treated Burley tobacco, in which the tobacco is dried from approximately 30% initial moisture to approximately 5% moisture. For further processing, especially for cutting, the tobacco must then be moistened again to about 16% to 22%.
Diese konventionelle Vorgehensweise weist mehrere Nachteile auf.This conventional approach has several disadvantages.
Zunächst ist die Penetration des Casings in das BlattmaterialFirst is the penetration of the casing into the sheet material
' bei Applikation durch eine Casing-Trommel aufgrund der geringen '' when applied by a casing drum due to the low
Einwirkungsintensität des Dampfes nicht optimal. Weiterhin muss für die starke Abtrockung viel Energie aufgewendet werden. Bandtrockner verfügen zudem über einen hohen Raumbedarf und führen konstruktionsbedingt zu einer inhomogenen Feuchteverteilung. Ein weiterer Nachteil liegt in der hohen Fragilität des Tabakmaterials bei Feuchten unter 10%, die zu Verlusten durch Bildung von Tabakgrus und -staub führt.Exposure intensity of the steam is not optimal. Furthermore, a lot of energy has to be used for the strong drying. Belt dryers also require a lot of space and, due to their design, lead to an inhomogeneous moisture distribution. Another disadvantage is the high fragility of the tobacco material when the humidity is below 10%, which leads to losses due to the formation of tobacco greens and dust.
Aus diesem Grund sind mehrere Verfahren beschrieben worden, die einen oder mehrere Nachteile der konventionellen Behandlungsmethode umgehen sollen.For this reason, several methods have been described which are intended to overcome one or more disadvantages of the conventional treatment method.
Die US 5 755 238 beschreibt eine Methode zum schnellen Trocknen, Kühlen und Wiederbefeuchten mit Hilfe eines in mehrere Behand- lungszonen unterteilten Trocknungsaggregates und der Rückfeuch- tung in einem separaten Dampftunnel. Die Feuchte des Tabakmaterials beträgt vor der Trocknung ca. 30%, vor dem Dampftunnel ca. 5% und nach der Rückfeuchtung ca. 15%. Die Heißlufttemperatur des Trockners beträgt ca. 105 °C bis 115 °C und die Gesamtdurchlaufzeit ca. 60 Sekunden. Durch Einsatz mehrerer Wirbelschicht- Trockenzonen soll eine verbesserte Feuchtehomogenität erzielt werden.US 5 755 238 describes a method for rapid drying, cooling and rewetting with the aid of a multi-treatment the drying unit and the rewetting in a separate steam tunnel. The moisture of the tobacco material is approx. 30% before drying, approx. 5% before the steam tunnel and approx. 15% after rewetting. The hot air temperature of the dryer is approx. 105 ° C to 115 ° C and the total throughput time is approx. 60 seconds. Improved moisture homogeneity is to be achieved by using several fluidized bed drying zones.
Die US 4 004 594 offenbart eine Methode zum Konditionieren von Tabak, insbesondere von Burley-Tabak, die eine Imprägnierung der Tabakpartikel mit Casing, eine thermische Behandlung zum Austreiben des Stickstoffs bzw. der StickstoffVerbindungen und die Einstellung des gewünschten Feuchtegehaltes vorsieht. Die Be- handlungsanläge besteht aus einer Dosiereinheit, einer Casing- Trommel, einer Vorkonditioniereinheit zur Behandlung mit Dampf und Aggregaten zum Erhitzen, Kühlen und Rückfeuchten des Tabaks. Die Tabakfeuchten betragen nach der Dosiereinheit 14% bis 20%, vorzugsweise 18%, nach der Casing-Trommel 30% bis 42%, vorzugs- weise 32%, nach der Vorkonditionierung ca. 35%, nach dem Erhitzen 4% bis 7% und nach der Rückfeuchtung ca. 18% bis 22%. In der Vorkonditioniereinheit erfolgt eine Behandlung mit Sattdampf von 2,5 bar bis 3,5 bar, resultierend in einer Tabaktemperatur von etwa 70 °C, um eine verbesserte Penetration des Casings in das Tabakblatt zu erzielen.US 4 004 594 discloses a method for conditioning tobacco, in particular Burley tobacco, which provides impregnation of the tobacco particles with casing, a thermal treatment for expelling the nitrogen or the nitrogen compounds and the adjustment of the desired moisture content. The treatment system consists of a dosing unit, a casing drum, a preconditioning unit for treatment with steam and units for heating, cooling and rewetting the tobacco. The tobacco moisture levels after the dosing unit are 14% to 20%, preferably 18%, after the casing drum 30% to 42%, preferably 32%, after preconditioning approx. 35%, after heating 4% to 7% and after rewetting approx. 18% to 22%. A treatment with saturated steam of 2.5 bar to 3.5 bar takes place in the preconditioning unit, resulting in a tobacco temperature of approximately 70 ° C. in order to achieve an improved penetration of the casing into the tobacco leaf.
Die US 3 402 479 beschreibt eine tunnelartige Apparatur zum Transport und zur Behandlung von stickstoffreichem Tabak mit Zonen zum Vortrocknen, zum Erhitzen des Tabaks ohne Feuchtever- lust durch den Einsatz eines entsprechend konditionierten Mediums und zum Kühlen des Behandlungsgutes. Die Eintrittsfeuchte des Tabakmaterials beträgt 40% bis 50%, die Temperatur des Mediums nach der Vortrocknung ca. 100 °C und die Austragsfeuchte ca. 16% bis 18%. Durch Anwendung dieses apparativ aufwändigen Ver- fahrens in Verbindung mit den extrem hohen Ξintrittsfeuchten soll eine Übertrocknung des Tabakmaterials und die damit verbundene Erhöhung der Fragilität umgangen werden. Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, ein Verfahren zum Behandeln von Tabak, insbesondere von Burley-Tabak, durch Aufbringen von Casing und anschließende thermische Behandlung zu schaffen, das die Nachteile der beschriebenen Verf hren vermeide . Insbesonde- re sollen die Anzahl der notwendigen Prozessschritte reduziert und der Energiebedarf verringert sowie eine gleichmäßige Produktqualität erzielt werden.US 3 402 479 describes a tunnel-like apparatus for the transport and treatment of nitrogen-rich tobacco with zones for predrying, for heating the tobacco without loss of moisture through the use of an appropriately conditioned medium and for cooling the material to be treated. The entry moisture of the tobacco material is 40% to 50%, the temperature of the medium after predrying is approx. 100 ° C and the discharge moisture is approx. 16% to 18%. By using this complex process in conjunction with the extremely high inlet moisture, overdrying of the tobacco material and the associated increase in fragility should be avoided. It is an object of the invention to provide a method for treating tobacco, in particular Burley tobacco, by applying casing and subsequent thermal treatment, which avoids the disadvantages of the methods described. In particular, the number of process steps required should be reduced, the energy requirement reduced and a uniform product quality achieved.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst durch das Verfahren zum Behandeln von Tabak mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen.This object is achieved by the method for treating tobacco with the features of claim 1. Advantageous refinements of the invention result from the subclaims.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird der mit Casing beaufschlagte und etwa 15% bis 25% Feuchte aufweisende Tabak, der in der Regel als Blatttabak vorliegt, einer intensiven Dampfbehandlung unterzogen. Direkt nach der Dampf ehandlung liegt die Tabaktemperatur in einem Bereich von 80 °C bis 115 °C, während die Tabakfeuchte 15% bis 25% beträgt. Ein Zwischenschritt, der zu einer starken Trocknung des Tabaks führt, kommt bei dem erfin- dungsgemäßen Verfahren nicht vor.In the method according to the invention, the tobacco which is cased and has a moisture content of about 15% to 25% and which is generally in the form of leaf tobacco is subjected to an intensive steam treatment. Immediately after the steam treatment, the tobacco temperature is in a range from 80 ° C to 115 ° C, while the tobacco moisture is 15% to 25%. An intermediate step, which leads to a strong drying of the tobacco, does not occur in the method according to the invention.
Die Damp behandlung wird vorzugsweise so durchgeführt, dass der Tabak über einen Zeitraum von 0 , 1 Minuten bis 10 Minuten in einen möglichst intensiven Kontakt mit dem Behandlungsmedium gebracht wird.The steam treatment is preferably carried out in such a way that the tobacco is brought into intensive contact with the treatment medium over a period of 0.1 minutes to 10 minutes.
Das Verhältnis des Massendurchsatzes Dampf zu Tabak (jeweils in kg/h) wird bevorzugt in einem Bereich von 0,1 bis 0,5 eingestellt.The ratio of the mass flow rate of steam to tobacco (in each case in kg / h) is preferably set in a range from 0.1 to 0.5.
Vorzugsweise wird die Behandlung in einem sogenannten Dampftunnel durchgeführt. Derartige Aggregate sind beispielsweise von den Firmen Sagemüller GmbH, Bockhorn oder HAUNI Maschinenbau AG, Hamburg erhältlich. Bei Verwendung eines Dampftunnels wird vor- zugsweise Sattdampf mit einem Druck (vor dem Einspeisen in den Dampftunnel) von 2 bar bis 12 bar, besonders bevorzugt von 4 bar bis 10 bar, benutzt. Überraschenderweise hat sich gezeigt, dass bei erfindungsgemäßem Vorgehen neben einer verbesserten Casing-Penetration durch den bevorzugten Einsatz des Dampftunnels auch die erwünschten Effekte der thermischen Behandlung, also das Austreiben flüchtiger StickstoffVerbindungen und eine Reaktion von Zuckern und Stick- stoffkomponenten, in einem einzigen Prozessschritt erreicht werden können.The treatment is preferably carried out in a so-called steam tunnel. Such units are available, for example, from Sagemüller GmbH, Bockhorn or HAUNI Maschinenbau AG, Hamburg. When using a steam tunnel, saturated steam is preferably used with a pressure (before feeding into the steam tunnel) of 2 bar to 12 bar, particularly preferably from 4 bar to 10 bar. Surprisingly, it has been shown that, in addition to improved casing penetration through the preferred use of the steam tunnel, the desired effects of the thermal treatment, ie the expulsion of volatile nitrogen compounds and a reaction of sugars and nitrogen components, are achieved in a single process step can.
Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren ändert sich die Feuchte des Tabaks während der Dampfbehandlung je nach Wahl der Prozesspara- meter wie Druck des Dampfes und Verweildauer (Einwirkzeit des Dampfes) lediglich um einige Prozentpunkte. Durch Wahl einer geeigneten Eintrittsfeuchte kann somit direkt die zum Schneiden benötigte Feuchte erreicht werden.In the method according to the invention, the moisture of the tobacco changes during the steam treatment depending on the choice of process parameters such as pressure of the steam and residence time (exposure time of the steam) by only a few percentage points. By choosing a suitable inlet moisture, the moisture required for cutting can be achieved directly.
Aufgrund des geringen Feuchtegradienten im Prozess weist der nach dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren behandelte Tabak eine deutlich homogenere Feuchteverteilung auf als solcher, der nach dem konventionellen Verfahren mit einem Bandtrockner behandelt wur- de.Because of the low moisture gradient in the process, the tobacco treated according to the method according to the invention has a significantly more homogeneous moisture distribution than that which was treated according to the conventional method with a belt dryer.
Gemäß dem Stand der Technik kann der erfindungsgemäß behandelte Tabak nach Dampfbehandlung und Kühlung mit mittelflüchtigen Aromastoffen in Form eines sogenannten Topdressings beaufschlagt werden, das vorzugsweise alkoholisch ist.According to the prior art, the tobacco treated according to the invention can be treated with medium-volatile aroma substances in the form of a so-called top dressing, which is preferably alcoholic, after steam treatment and cooling.
Anschließend wird der Tabak allein oder nach Abmischung mit anderen Tabaksorten ohne weitere Auffeuchtungs- oder Trockenschritte dem Schneidevorgang zugeführt.The tobacco is then fed to the cutting process alone or after mixing with other types of tobacco without further dampening or drying steps.
Weitere Angaben zur Durchführung und zu Effekten des erfindungs- gemäßen Verfahrens sind den folgenden Ausführungsbeispielen zu entnehmen. Insbesondere ist zu erkennen, dass dem konventionellen Verfahren entsprechende Reduzierungen an Gesamtaminosäuren und Ammoniak festzustellen sind, die als charakterisierend für die erwünschten Effekte der thermischen Behandlung angesehen werden können. Dies wird durch die Ergebnisse der Rauchsensorik bestätigt.Further details on the implementation and effects of the method according to the invention can be found in the following exemplary embodiments. In particular, it can be seen that reductions in total amino acids and ammonia corresponding to the conventional method can be found, which are regarded as characterizing the desired effects of the thermal treatment can be. This is confirmed by the results of the smoke sensors.
Weiterhin ist den Ausführungsbeispielen zu entnehmen, dass durch eine Veränderung der Einwirkzeit des Dampfes oder auch entsprechend eine Erhöhung der Behandlungstemperatur bzw. des Druckes des Dampfes die Effekte der Nachbehandlung verändert werden können, ohne die Austragsfeuchte (d.h. die Tabakfeuchte nach der Dampfbehandlung) in höherem Maße zu beeinflussen. Insbesondere kann auf diese Weise eine Anpassung an den Stickstoffgehalt des Tabakmatarials erfolgen, um beispielsweise bei stickstoffarmen Tabaken geringere Mengen an flüchtigen Stickstoffverbindungen auszutreiben als bei stickstoffreichen, was wiederum zu verbesserten sensorischen Ergebnissen führen kann.Furthermore, it can be seen from the exemplary embodiments that the effects of the aftertreatment can be changed to a greater extent without the discharge moisture (ie the tobacco moisture after the steam treatment) by changing the exposure time of the steam or correspondingly increasing the treatment temperature or the pressure of the steam to influence. In particular, an adaptation to the nitrogen content of the tobacco material can take place in this way, for example in order to expel smaller amounts of volatile nitrogen compounds in the case of low-nitrogen tobacco than in the case of nitrogen-rich ones, which in turn can lead to improved sensory results.
Die Vorteile des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens gegenüber den bekannten Prozessen liegen in der wirtschaftlicheren Durchführung durch geringeren apparativen Aufwand und Energiebedarf. Da auf eine Übertrocknung verzichtet wird, werden die Tabakverluste minimiert. Gegenüber dem konventionellen Verfahren wird eine verbesserte Feuchtehomogenität des Endprodukts erreicht. Dies führt in Verbindung mit der guten Casing-Penetration zu einer deutlichen Verringerung der Fleckenbildung auf dem Papier von mit dem erfindungsgemäß behandelten Tabak hergestellten Ciga- retten.The advantages of the method according to the invention compared to the known processes lie in the more economical implementation due to the reduced equipment and energy requirements. Since overdrying is avoided, tobacco losses are minimized. Compared to the conventional process, an improved moisture homogeneity of the end product is achieved. In connection with the good casing penetration, this leads to a significant reduction in the formation of stains on the paper of cigarettes produced with the tobacco treated according to the invention.
Beispiel 1 (herkömmliches Verfahren)Example 1 (conventional method)
Als Basismaterial für die Untersuchung dienten ein qualitativ hochwertiger koreanischer Burley mit einem Nikotingehalt von 3,1% und ein preiswerter italienischer Burley als sogenannter Filier mit einem Nikotingehalt von 1,5%, jeweils bezogen auf Trockensubstanz. Beide Versuchstabake wurden in jeweils gleicher Menge und Qualität mit einer teilinvertierten wässrigen Saccha- roselösung beaufschlagt und nach zwei Methoden (Beispiel 1, Beispiel 2) in entsprechenden Versuchsanlagen thermisch behan- delt . Der Gesamtzuckergehalt betrug vor der thermischen Behandlung 10%.A high-quality Korean Burley with a nicotine content of 3.1% and an inexpensive Italian Burley as a so-called filler with a nicotine content of 1.5%, each based on dry matter, served as the base material for the study. A partially inverted aqueous saccharose solution was applied to both test tobacco in the same quantity and quality and subjected to thermal treatment in two test systems (example 1, example 2) in corresponding test systems. delt. The total sugar content before the thermal treatment was 10%.
Der sogenannte Wirbelschichttrockner (Beispiel 1) repräsentiert die Anwendung eines konventionellen Verfahrens und basiert auf dem Prinzip des Schwingförderers mit Bohrungen im Bodenblech, über die Heißluft durch das Behandlungsgut strömt. Die Eingangs- feuchte (Eintragsfeuchte) des Blatttabaks betrug einheitlich 22%.The so-called fluidized bed dryer (example 1) represents the application of a conventional method and is based on the principle of the vibratory conveyor with holes in the base plate through which hot air flows through the material to be treated. The initial moisture (entry moisture) of the leaf tobacco was a uniform 22%.
Zur Bestimmung der Tabakfeuchte diente wie auch bei allen folgenden Beispielen die Abtrocknung der Tabakproben in unverschlossenen Aluminiumdosen mit Hilfe eines kalibrierten Umluft- trockenschrankes bei einer Temperatur von 80 °C während eines Zeitraums von 3 Stunden.As in all the following examples, the tobacco moisture was determined by drying the tobacco samples in unsealed aluminum cans with the aid of a calibrated convection oven at a temperature of 80 ° C for a period of 3 hours.
Tabelle 1 zeigt die angewandten Heißlufttemperaturen, die korrespondierenden Verweilzeiten und die Austragsfeuchten (d.h. Tabakfeuchten nach Behandlung im Wirbelschichttrockner) des Blatt- tabaks .Table 1 shows the hot air temperatures used, the corresponding dwell times and the discharge moisture (i.e. tobacco moisture after treatment in a fluidized bed dryer) of leaf tobacco.
Tabelle 1: Parameterkombinatibnen WirbelschichttrocknerTable 1: Parameter-combined fluidized bed dryer
Nr . HeißluftVerweil - Eingangs - Austrags- temperatur zeit feuchte feuchte ( ° C) (sec) (%) (%)No . Hot air dwell - inlet - discharge temperature time humid humid (° C) (sec) (%) (%)
1 130 15 22 61 130 15 22 6
2 150 30 22 32 150 30 22 3
3 200 40 22 < 13,200,402,2 <1
Beispi el 2 (erfinduncrsσemäßes Verfahren)Example 2 (method according to the invention)
Es wurden die gleichen, mit teilinvertierter Saccharose beaufschlagten Basistabake wie im Beispiel 1 eingesetzt. Die Eingangsfeuchte betrug hier einheitlich 18%. Als Behandlungsaggregat diente ein herkömmlicher Dampftunnel mit einem Schwingförderer, bei dem aus Bohrungen in einem Bodenblech herausströmender heißer Dampf (Sattdampf) mit dem Blatttabak in Wechselwirkung tritt; grundsätzlich herrscht in dem Dampftunnel Atmosphärendruck (offenes System) . Der Druck des Dampfes vor dem Einspeisen in den Dampftunnel betrug einheitlich ca. 7 bar und das Massenverhältnis von Tabak zu Dampf 0,2. Tabelle 2 zeigt die angewandten Parameterkombinationen. Die Tabaktemperatur Austrag und die Austragsfeuchte sind die Tabaktemperatur bzw. die Tabak- feuchte unmittelbar nach der Dampfbehandlung.The same base tobacco charged with partially inverted sucrose as in Example 1 was used. The initial moisture was 18%. A conventional steam tunnel with an oscillating conveyor was used as the treatment unit, in which hot steam (saturated steam) flowing out of holes in a base plate interacts with the leaf tobacco; basically there is atmospheric pressure in the steam tunnel (open system). The pressure of the steam before it was fed into the steam tunnel was approximately 7 bar and the mass ratio of tobacco to steam was 0.2. Table 2 shows the parameter combinations used. The tobacco temperature discharge and the discharge moisture are the tobacco temperature and the tobacco moisture immediately after the steam treatment.
Tabelle 2 : Parameterkombinationen DampftunnelTable 2: Parameter combinations steam tunnel
Nr. Tabaktempera- Verweil- Eingangs- Austrags- tur Austrag zeit feuchte feuchte (°C) (min) (%) (%) 4 4 1 10066 3 18 18No. Tobacco tempera- ture dwelling inlet discharge outlet discharge time damp damp (° C) (min) (%) (%) 4 4 1 10066 3 18 18
5 108 6 18 175 108 6 18 17
6 112 9 18 156 112 9 18 15
Man erkennt, dass der Tabak im Dampftunnel relativ schnell einen stationären Zustand erreichte, bei dem sich Tabaktemperatur und Tabakfeuchte mit der Dauer der Dampfbehandlung nur leicht änderten.It can be seen that the tobacco in the steam tunnel reached a steady state relatively quickly, in which tobacco temperature and tobacco moisture changed only slightly with the duration of the steam treatment.
Vergleichcomparison
Die beiden Tabellen 3 und 4 vergleichen für jeden der beiden untersuchten Basistabake die nach den in den Tabellen 1 und 2 beschriebenen Parameterkombinationen 1 bis 3 bzw. 4 bis 6 er- zielten Resultate. Untersucht wurden der Gehalt von Gesamtaminosäuren und Ammoniak, jeweils bezogen auf Trockensubstanz (TS) . Tabelle 3 : Analysendaten behandelter koreanischer BurleyTables 3 and 4 compare the results obtained for each of the two basic tobaccos examined according to parameter combinations 1 to 3 and 4 to 6 described in Tables 1 and 2. The content of total amino acids and ammonia were examined, each based on dry matter (TS). Table 3: Analysis data of treated Korean Burley
Nr. Gesamtaminosäuren AmmoniakNo total amino acids ammonia
(mmol/kg TS) (% TS)(mmol / kg TS) (% TS)
1 488 0,561 488 0.56
2 456 0,472,456 0.47
3 359 0,403,359 0.40
4 424 0,564,424.56
5 405 0,515 405 0.51
6 385 0,486 385 0.48
Tabelle 4: Analysendaten behandelter italienischer BurleyTable 4: Analysis data of treated Italian Burley
Nr. Gesamtaminosäuren Ammoniak (mmol/kg TS) (% TS)Total amino acids ammonia (mmol / kg DM) (% DM)
1 549 0,821 549 0.82
2 498 0,682,498 0.68
3 420 0,553,420 0.55
4 502 Q,774,502 Q, 77
5 478 0,685,478 0.68
6 423 0,596 423 0.59
Der Vergleich des Gehaltes an Gesamtaminosäuren und Ammoniak zeigt die Gleichwertigkeit des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens mit einem konventionellen Prozess .The comparison of the total amino acids and ammonia content shows the equivalence of the method according to the invention with a conventional process.
Zusätzlich zur analytischen Untersuchung wurden die behandelten Burley-Tabake zur Bereitung von Probecigaretten geschnitten und von einem Expertengremium paarweise miteinander verglichen. In beiden Fällen ergab der Vergleich zwischen erfindungsgemäßem und konventionellem Verfahren keine signifikanten Unterschiede. In addition to the analytical examination, the treated Burley tobacco was cut to prepare trial cigarettes and compared in pairs by an expert panel. In both cases, the comparison between the method according to the invention and the conventional method showed no significant differences.

Claims

Patentansprüche claims
L. Verfahren zum Behandeln von Tabak, insbesondere von Burley- Tabak, mit den folgenden Schritten:L. A method of treating tobacco, particularly Burley tobacco, comprising the following steps:
- Behandeln von Tabak, vorzugsweise Blatttabak, mit einem Casing, das vorzugsweise zuckerhaltig ist,Treating tobacco, preferably leaf tobacco, with a casing that is preferably sugary,
- thermisches Behandeln des casingbehandelten Tabaks mit Sattdampf, wobei vor der Dampfbehandlung die Tabakfeuchte im Bereich von 15% bis 25% liegt und wobei nach der Dampfbehandlung die Tabakfeuchte im Bereich von 15% bis 25% und die Tabaktemperatur im Bereich von 80 °C bis 115 °C liegt.- Thermal treatment of the casing-treated tobacco with saturated steam, with the tobacco moisture being in the range from 15% to 25% before the steam treatment and with the tobacco moisture in the range from 15% to 25% and the tobacco temperature in the range from 80 ° C to 115 after the steam treatment ° C.
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Einwirkzeit des Dampfes auf den Tabak im Bereich von 0 , 1 Minuten bis 10 Minuten liegt.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the action time of the steam on the tobacco is in the range of 0.1 minutes to 10 minutes.
3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Massenverhältnis von eingespeistem Dampf zu behandeltem Tabak 0 , 1 bis 0 , 5 beträgt .3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the mass ratio of steam fed to treated tobacco is 0.1 to 0.5.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch ge- kennzeichnet, dass die thermische Behandlung in einem4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the thermal treatment in one
Dampftunnel erfolgt.Steam tunnel is done.
5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druck des Dampfes vor dem Einspeisen in den Dampftunnel im Bereich von 2 bar bis 12 bar liegt.5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the pressure of the steam before being fed into the steam tunnel is in the range from 2 bar to 12 bar.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Druck des Dampfes vor dem Einspeisen in den Dampftunnel im Bereich von 4 bar bis 10 bar liegt.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the pressure of the steam before it is fed into the steam tunnel is in the range from 4 bar to 10 bar.
Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Anschluss an die Dampfbehandlung der Tabak gekühlt und in einer Trommel mit einem Topdressing behandelt wird. Method according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that, after the steam treatment, the tobacco is cooled and treated in a drum with a top dressing.
EP01964985A 2001-01-24 2001-06-15 Method for the treatment of tobacco Expired - Lifetime EP1353572B1 (en)

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