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EP1348668B1 - Variable reach lift truck with three wheels - Google Patents

Variable reach lift truck with three wheels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1348668B1
EP1348668B1 EP03290757A EP03290757A EP1348668B1 EP 1348668 B1 EP1348668 B1 EP 1348668B1 EP 03290757 A EP03290757 A EP 03290757A EP 03290757 A EP03290757 A EP 03290757A EP 1348668 B1 EP1348668 B1 EP 1348668B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
truck
wheel
advance
wheels
turning angle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP03290757A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1348668A1 (en
Inventor
Marcel-Claude Braud
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Manitou BF SA
Original Assignee
Manitou BF SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Manitou BF SA filed Critical Manitou BF SA
Publication of EP1348668A1 publication Critical patent/EP1348668A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1348668B1 publication Critical patent/EP1348668B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/065—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks non-masted
    • B66F9/0655—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks non-masted with a telescopic boom
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
    • B66F9/07559—Stabilizing means
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B66—HOISTING; LIFTING; HAULING
    • B66F—HOISTING, LIFTING, HAULING OR PUSHING, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, e.g. DEVICES WHICH APPLY A LIFTING OR PUSHING FORCE DIRECTLY TO THE SURFACE OF A LOAD
    • B66F9/00—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes
    • B66F9/06—Devices for lifting or lowering bulky or heavy goods for loading or unloading purposes movable, with their loads, on wheels or the like, e.g. fork-lift trucks
    • B66F9/075—Constructional features or details
    • B66F9/07572—Propulsion arrangements

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a motorized lift truck, with variable range, in which the front end of the telescopic arm extends forward of the front wheels in the load transport position.
  • the invention is particularly useful in its application to a three-wheel variable-reach forklift.
  • Three-wheeled variable reach trucks marketed by the company MANITOU BF under French law under the name TMT are known: these three-wheel variable-span trolleys have a U-shaped frame, so as to be able to move a load back inside the trolley. U-frame in transport position. These carriages are particularly adapted to be embarked at the rear of a carrier vehicle, as described in document EP 701 963 A1 .
  • these trolleys Because of the particular structure of these TMT trolleys suitable for being on the rear of a carrier vehicle, these trolleys have the disadvantage of a wide front track of the order of 2 m and a short wheelbase of the order of 1.40 m. This structure also has the disadvantage of a relatively short telescopic arm, to achieve a lifting height of about 3 m.
  • these TMT trolleys suitable for being on the rear of a carrier vehicle have good lateral cornering stability.
  • a first object of the invention is to provide a new lift truck with variable reach, at least three wheels, having a frame structure for a wide variety of uses.
  • a second object of the invention is to provide a new forklift with variable reach, at least three wheels, simple and economical structure, having a telescopic arm of considerable length, to achieve a high lifting height.
  • a third object of the invention is to provide a new forklift with variable reach, with at least three wheels, in which the front end of the arm telescopic extends forward of the front wheels in load transport position, and having good lateral cornering stability.
  • a fourth object of the invention is to provide a new variable-reach forklift, with at least three wheels, in which the front end of the telescopic arm extends forward of the front wheels in the load transport position, presenting a good lateral cornering stability without the need for operator intervention at the driving position.
  • the document GB 2 290 149 A describes a system for ensuring the stability and operational safety of lift trucks.
  • a three-wheel lift truck according to the invention comprises a steering wheel 1 and preferably driving wheel, a left front wheel 2 preferably driving and fixed direction, and a right front wheel 3 preferably driving and fixed direction.
  • the three wheels 1 to 3 are mounted on a frame 4 carrying a driving station 5 located on one side of the carriage and a housing 6 located on the opposite side to the driving position 5 relative to a telescopic arm 7 pivotally mounted under the action of a jacking cylinder around a substantially horizontal axis 8 located at the rear of the chassis 4 substantially above the rear wheel 1 driving and driving.
  • the casing 6 contains a power unit 9 comprising an internal combustion engine and driving at least one hydrostatic pump 10 supplying hydraulic energy to the wheel drive systems of the carriage according to the invention.
  • the powertrain 9 drives, in a manner known per se, other hydraulic pumps for powering the actuators handling means and wheel steering systems.
  • the chassis 4 preferably comprises two shoes 11 and 12 located substantially in the track of the front wheels 2 and 3 to limit the lateral tilting angle of the carriage, and increase the lateral stability of the carriage, especially in bends.
  • the carriage according to the invention is a compact carriage having an overall width close to 1.60 m and a cabin height of about 1.90 m.
  • the cabin floor of the driving position 5 is a low floor directly accessible without intermediate step.
  • the ground clearance of the truck according to the invention is close to 30 cm, so as to allow use in any terrain, with the exception of hooves 11 and 12 of lateral inclination limitation located in the tracks of the front wheels 2 and 3.
  • the shoes 11 and 12 which locally limit the ground clearance are safety shoes to support the ground in case of loss of lateral stability, so as to oppose the overturning of the carriage according to the invention.
  • the casing 6 of the powertrain protection 9 has a profile descending forward, below the level of the right side window of the driving position 5, so as to provide total circular visibility to the driver sitting in the driving position 5.
  • the trolley according to the invention has a front wheelbase ratio greater than 1, unlike TMT trolleys of known type, intended to be loaded on the rear of a carrier vehicle.
  • the work accessory carried by the telescopic arm 7 protrudes forward of the front wheels 2 and 3, thus allowing to accommodate a telescopic arm 7 with a range and height of large lifts, much greater than the range and height lifting TMT trolleys of known type.
  • the maximum speed of a carriage according to the invention is limited to a speed of the order of 13.5 km / h.
  • the maximum authorized speed decreases sharply to a value of approximately 8.5 km / h .
  • the steering speed decreases more slowly to a value close to 7 km / h, beyond a steering angle of 40 ° to the left or right to a steering angle of 65 ° left or right, the maximum authorized speed of the truck remains equal to 7 km / h.
  • This speed limitation is obtained by regulating the hydrostatic flow of the carriage according to the invention, preferably by acting on the piloting pressure of the hydrostatic pump.
  • a pressure reducing valve similar to an inching valve is preferably used. This pressure reduction valve is controlled by a pusher whose stroke corresponds to the steering angle, as indicated by the correspondence arrows of the figure 3 .
  • the piloting pressure is maximum and close to 22 bar, whereas for a maximum steering angle, the piloting pressure is equal to 5 bar, corresponding to a pusher stroke equal to 5, 6 mm.
  • the intermediate values of 20 ° and 40 ° steering angle respectively correspond to a push stroke of 1.2 mm and 5.6 mm.
  • the Figures 4 to 7 describe a first steering system of a steering wheel, for example a rear wheel 1.
  • the steering axis 20 of the support 21 carrying a steering wheel, for example a rear wheel 1, is secured to the chassis 4 not shown.
  • the rear wheel support 21 comprises a protrusion 22 subjected to the action of a jack 23 mounted between the articulation 24 on the support 21 and an axis 25 integral with the chassis 4, not shown.
  • the cylinder 23 carries an actuator 26 consisting for example of a rod 27 secured to the cylinder 23 and an adjustable screw 28 thrust.
  • the adjustable screw 28 acts on a bushing 29 for driving a pusher 30 of the pressure reducing valve 31.
  • the driving sleeve 29 is slidably mounted in a bore of a plate integral with the pilot pressure reduction valve 31.
  • the pusher 30 is out 1.2 mm which corresponds to a pilot pressure of about 16 bar and a maximum permissible forward speed of 8.5 km / h.
  • the pusher strokes, the pilot pressures and the maximum permissible speeds are identical to the pusher strokes, the steering angles and the maximum permissible speeds described with reference to Figures 3 to 7 .
  • a cam 32 is mounted integral with the support 21 of the rear wheel 1, so as to act on a sliding roller 33 of depression of the pusher 30 of the pilot pressure reduction valve 31.
  • the motor 9 drives the hydrostatic pump 10 generating the hydrostatic energy of the truck.
  • the hydrostatic pump 10 is connected to a distribution block 40 for supplying the motor 41 for driving a steering wheel, for example a rear wheel; the drive motor 42 of the right front wheel; and the motor 43 for driving the left front wheel.
  • a brake solenoid valve 44 acts on the hydraulic fluid returns to the tank 46 to control the brakes of the driving wheels of the carriage according to the invention.
  • a flow divider 47 provides a distribution of fluid flow between the three wheels to prevent slippage or slippage.
  • a cooler 48, a filter 49 suction and return of hydraulic fluid and a thumbing valve (“inching") 50 actuated by pedal are mounted in the hydrostatic circuit to perform functions known per se.
  • valve 31 for reducing the pilot pressure of the hydrostatic pump 10 described with reference to Figures 4 to 11 is actuated by the pusher 30 as a function of the steering angle of the rear wheel 1.
  • hydrostatic diagrams for a forklift truck with at least three wheels according to the invention can be envisaged without departing from the scope of the present invention, the essential point being to set a maximum authorized speed of advance of the carriage in function of an individual or average value representative of a steering angle.
  • the essential is to provide security means against a risk of loss of lateral stability, these safety means being able to oppose the overturning of the carriage according to the invention.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Steering-Linkage Mechanisms And Four-Wheel Steering (AREA)
  • Forklifts And Lifting Vehicles (AREA)
  • Pallets (AREA)
  • Handcart (AREA)
  • Vehicle Body Suspensions (AREA)

Abstract

The elevator truck has two forward wheels (2) and one rear wheel (1) which is steerable from the driving seat (5) and also driven by an engine with hydrostatic transmission. An extending and lifting arm (7) is hydraulically driven and has a good range of action. Shoes (11) on either side of the rear wheel assist stability which is further improved by automatic speed limitation when turning

Description

L'invention est relative à un chariot élévateur motorisé, à portée variable, dans lequel l'extrémité avant du bras télescopique s'étend en avant des roues avant en position de transport de charge.The invention relates to a motorized lift truck, with variable range, in which the front end of the telescopic arm extends forward of the front wheels in the load transport position.

L'invention est particulièrement utile dans son application à un chariot élévateur à portée variable à trois roues.The invention is particularly useful in its application to a three-wheel variable-reach forklift.

On connaît des chariots à portée variable à trois roues commercialisés par la société MANITOU BF de droit français sous la dénomination TMT : ces chariots à portée variable à trois roues présentent un châssis en U, de manière à pouvoir reculer une charge à l'intérieur du châssis en U en position de transport. Ces chariots sont particulièrement adaptés pour être embarqués à l'arrière d'un véhicule porteur, comme cela est décrit dans le document EP 701 963 A1 .Three-wheeled variable reach trucks marketed by the company MANITOU BF under French law under the name TMT are known: these three-wheel variable-span trolleys have a U-shaped frame, so as to be able to move a load back inside the trolley. U-frame in transport position. These carriages are particularly adapted to be embarked at the rear of a carrier vehicle, as described in document EP 701 963 A1 .

En raison de la structure particulière de ces chariots TMT aptes à être embarqués à l'arrière d'un véhicule porteur, ces chariots présentent l'inconvénient d'une voie avant large de l'ordre de 2 m et d'un empattement court de l'ordre de 1,40 m. Cette structure présente également l'inconvénient d'un bras télescopique relativement court, permettant d'atteindre une hauteur de levage de l'ordre de 3 m.Because of the particular structure of these TMT trolleys suitable for being on the rear of a carrier vehicle, these trolleys have the disadvantage of a wide front track of the order of 2 m and a short wheelbase of the order of 1.40 m. This structure also has the disadvantage of a relatively short telescopic arm, to achieve a lifting height of about 3 m.

En raison de leur structure particulière permettant de reculer la charge à l'intérieur du châssis en U en position de transport, ces chariots TMT aptes à être embarqués à l'arrière d'un véhicule porteur présentent une bonne stabilité latérale en virage.Because of their particular structure for moving the load back inside the U-frame in the transport position, these TMT trolleys suitable for being on the rear of a carrier vehicle have good lateral cornering stability.

Un premier but de l'invention est de fournir un nouveau chariot élévateur à portée variable, à au moins trois roues, présentant une structure de châssis permettant une grande variété d'utilisations.A first object of the invention is to provide a new lift truck with variable reach, at least three wheels, having a frame structure for a wide variety of uses.

Un deuxième but de l'invention est de fournir un nouveau chariot élévateur à portée variable, à au moins trois roues, de structure simple et économique, présentant un bras télescopique de longueur notable, permettant d'atteindre une hauteur de levage importante.A second object of the invention is to provide a new forklift with variable reach, at least three wheels, simple and economical structure, having a telescopic arm of considerable length, to achieve a high lifting height.

Un troisième but de l'invention est de fournir un nouveau chariot élévateur à portée variable, à au moins trois roues, dans lequel l'extrémité avant du bras télescopique s'étend en avant des roues avant en position de transport de charges, et présentant une bonne stabilité latérale en virage.A third object of the invention is to provide a new forklift with variable reach, with at least three wheels, in which the front end of the arm telescopic extends forward of the front wheels in load transport position, and having good lateral cornering stability.

Un quatrième but de l'invention est de fournir un nouveau chariot élévateur à portée variable, à au moins trois roues, dans lequel l'extrémité avant du bras télescopique s'étend en avant des roues avant en position de transport de charge, présentant une bonne stabilité latérale en virage sans nécessiter une intervention de l'opérateur installé au poste de conduite.A fourth object of the invention is to provide a new variable-reach forklift, with at least three wheels, in which the front end of the telescopic arm extends forward of the front wheels in the load transport position, presenting a good lateral cornering stability without the need for operator intervention at the driving position.

Le document GB 2 290 149 A décrit un système pour assurer la stabilité et la sécurité de fonctionnement de chariots de levage.The document GB 2 290 149 A describes a system for ensuring the stability and operational safety of lift trucks.

L'invention a pour objet un chariot élévateur à portée variable, à trois roues et à bras télescopique, dans lequel l'extrémité avant du bras télescopique s'étend en avant des roues avant en position de transport de charge, du type comportant une roue arrière directrice et deux roues avant, un poste de conduite et un groupe motopropulseur solidaires d'un châssis, caractérisé en combinaison en ce que :

  • le chariot est à transmission hydrostatique et comporte un système limitant la vitesse maximale d'avancement en fonction de l'angle de braquage du chariot, de manière à assurer la stabilité latérale en virage du chariot,
  • le système limitant la vitesse maximale d'avancement en fonction de l'angle de braquage du chariot est relié à ou coopère avec la transmission hydrostatique du chariot ;
le système limitant la vitesse maximale d'avancement en fonction de l'angle de braquage comporte une valve de réduction de la pression de pilotage de la transmission hydrostatique du chariot ;
ladite valve de réduction de pression de pilotage est une valve à poussoir coopérant avec un actionneur lié à l'angle de braquage du chariot ; et
la pression de pilotage diminue en fonction de la sortie du poussoir de la valve de réduction de pression de pilotage.The invention relates to a forklift with variable range, with three wheels and telescopic arm, in which the front end of the telescopic arm extends forward of the front wheels in the load transport position, of the type comprising a wheel rear steering wheel and two front wheels, a driving position and a power train integral with a chassis, characterized in combination in that:
  • the carriage is hydrostatic transmission and comprises a system limiting the maximum speed of advancement according to the steering angle of the truck, so as to ensure lateral stability in cornering of the carriage,
  • the system limiting the maximum speed of advance according to the steering angle of the carriage is connected to or co-operates with the hydrostatic transmission of the carriage;
the system limiting the maximum speed of advance according to the steering angle comprises a valve for reducing the pilot pressure of the hydrostatic transmission of the carriage;
said pilot pressure reduction valve is a push valve cooperating with an actuator related to the steering angle of the carriage; and
the pilot pressure decreases as a function of the pusher output of the pilot pressure reduction valve.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques alternatives de l'invention :

  • le système limitant la vitesse maximale d'avancement du chariot est commandé par un actionneur lié à l'angle de braquage d'au moins une roue directrice,
  • l'actionneur peut être solidarisé à un vérin de direction du chariot, ou, alternativement, l'actionneur peut être solidarisé à un support ou pivot de roue directrice,
  • le châssis présente une conformation compacte et allongée dans le sens longitudinal d'avancement du chariot,
  • le châssis présente deux sabots de limitation d'inclinaison latérale, disposés de part et d'autre de la roue arrière du chariot,
  • les sabots de limitation d'inclinaison latérale sont disposés de préférence dans les traces des roues avant, lorsque le chariot avance en ligne droite.
According to other alternative features of the invention:
  • the system limiting the maximum speed of advance of the carriage is controlled by an actuator related to the steering angle of at least one steering wheel,
  • the actuator can be secured to a steering cylinder of the carriage, or, alternatively, the actuator can be secured to a support or steering wheel pivot,
  • the frame has a compact conformation and elongated in the longitudinal direction of travel of the carriage,
  • the chassis has two lateral inclination limitation shoes, arranged on either side of the rear wheel of the carriage,
  • the lateral inclination limiting shoes are preferably arranged in the tracks of the front wheels, when the carriage is traveling in a straight line.

L'invention sera mieux comprise grâce à la description qui va suivre donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif en référence aux dessins annexés dans lesquels :

  • La figure 1 représente schématiquement, une vue en élévation latérale du côté gauche d'un chariot élévateur selon l'invention.
  • La figure 2 représente schématiquement, une vue en élévation latérale du côté droit d'un chariot élévateur selon l'invention.
  • La figure 3 représente schématiquement, un exemple de courbe de consigne de vitesse maximale d'avancement en fonction de l'angle de braquage de la roue arrière d'un chariot élévateur selon l'invention.
  • Les figures 4 à 7 représentent schématiquement, des vues de dessus d'un premier système de braquage de chariot élévateur selon l'invention destiné à respecter une consigne de vitesse maximale du genre représenté à la figure 3.
  • Les figures 8 à 11 représentent schématiquement, des vues de dessus d'un autre système de braquage de chariot élévateur selon l'invention destiné à respecter une consigne de vitesse maximale du genre représenté à la figure 3.
  • La figure 12 représente schématiquement, un schéma hydraulique de transmission de chariot élévateur selon l'invention destiné à respecter une consigne de vitesse maximale d'avancement du genre représenté à la figure 3.
The invention will be better understood from the following description given by way of nonlimiting example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
  • The figure 1 schematically represents a side elevational view of the left side of a forklift according to the invention.
  • The figure 2 schematically represents a side elevational view of the right side of a forklift according to the invention.
  • The figure 3 shows schematically an example of a maximum speed reference speed curve as a function of the steering angle of the rear wheel of a forklift truck according to the invention.
  • The Figures 4 to 7 schematically represent top views of a first forklift steering system according to the invention intended to comply with a maximum speed instruction of the kind shown in FIG. figure 3 .
  • The Figures 8 to 11 schematically represent top views of another forklift steering system according to the invention intended to comply with a maximum speed instruction of the kind shown in FIG. figure 3 .
  • The figure 12 schematically represents a hydraulic forklift transmission diagram according to the invention intended to comply with a maximum forward speed instruction of the kind shown in FIG. figure 3 .

En référence aux figures 1 et 2, un chariot élévateur à trois roues selon l'invention comporte une roue arrière 1 directrice et de préférence motrice, une roue avant gauche 2 de préférence motrice et de direction fixe, et une roue avant droite 3 de préférence motrice et de direction fixe.With reference to figures 1 and 2 , a three-wheel lift truck according to the invention comprises a steering wheel 1 and preferably driving wheel, a left front wheel 2 preferably driving and fixed direction, and a right front wheel 3 preferably driving and fixed direction.

Les trois roues 1 à 3 sont montées sur un châssis 4 portant un poste de conduite 5 situé sur un côté du chariot et un carter 6 situé du côté opposé au poste de conduite 5 par rapport à un bras télescopique 7 monté à pivotement sous l'action d'un vérin de levage autour d'un axe 8 sensiblement horizontal situé à l'arrière du châssis 4 sensiblement au-dessus de la roue arrière 1 directrice et motrice.The three wheels 1 to 3 are mounted on a frame 4 carrying a driving station 5 located on one side of the carriage and a housing 6 located on the opposite side to the driving position 5 relative to a telescopic arm 7 pivotally mounted under the action of a jacking cylinder around a substantially horizontal axis 8 located at the rear of the chassis 4 substantially above the rear wheel 1 driving and driving.

Le carter 6 contient un groupe motopropulseur 9 comportant un moteur à explosion et entraînant au moins une pompe hydrostatique 10 fournissant l'énergie hydraulique aux systèmes d'entraînement des roues du chariot selon l'invention. Le groupe moto propulseur 9 entraîne, de manière connue en soi, d'autres pompes hydrauliques pour alimenter les actionneurs des moyens de manutention et des systèmes de direction des roues.The casing 6 contains a power unit 9 comprising an internal combustion engine and driving at least one hydrostatic pump 10 supplying hydraulic energy to the wheel drive systems of the carriage according to the invention. The powertrain 9 drives, in a manner known per se, other hydraulic pumps for powering the actuators handling means and wheel steering systems.

Le châssis 4 comporte de préférence deux sabots 11 et 12 situés sensiblement dans la trace des roues avant 2 et 3 pour limiter l'angle de basculement latéral du chariot, et accroître la stabilité latérale du chariot, notamment en virage.The chassis 4 preferably comprises two shoes 11 and 12 located substantially in the track of the front wheels 2 and 3 to limit the lateral tilting angle of the carriage, and increase the lateral stability of the carriage, especially in bends.

De préférence, le chariot selon l'invention est un chariot compact présentant une largeur hors tout voisine de 1,60 m et une hauteur de cabine voisine de 1,90 m. Le plancher de la cabine du poste de conduite 5 est un plancher surbaissé directement accessible sans marche intermédiaire.Preferably, the carriage according to the invention is a compact carriage having an overall width close to 1.60 m and a cabin height of about 1.90 m. The cabin floor of the driving position 5 is a low floor directly accessible without intermediate step.

La garde au sol du chariot selon l'invention est voisine de 30 cm, de manière à permettre une utilisation en tout terrain, à l'exception des sabots 11 et 12 de limitation d'inclinaison latérale situés dans les traces des roues avant 2 et 3.The ground clearance of the truck according to the invention is close to 30 cm, so as to allow use in any terrain, with the exception of hooves 11 and 12 of lateral inclination limitation located in the tracks of the front wheels 2 and 3.

Les sabots 11 et 12 qui limitent localement la garde au sol sont des sabots de sécurité permettant de prendre appui au sol en cas de perte de stabilité latérale, de manière à s'opposer au renversement du chariot selon l'invention.The shoes 11 and 12 which locally limit the ground clearance are safety shoes to support the ground in case of loss of lateral stability, so as to oppose the overturning of the carriage according to the invention.

Le carter 6 de protection du groupe motopropulseur 9 présente un profil descendant vers l'avant, sous le niveau de la fenêtre latérale droite du poste de conduite 5, de manière à procurer une visibilité circulaire totale au conducteur assis dans le poste de conduite 5.The casing 6 of the powertrain protection 9 has a profile descending forward, below the level of the right side window of the driving position 5, so as to provide total circular visibility to the driver sitting in the driving position 5.

Le chariot selon l'invention présente un rapport empattement sur voie avant supérieur à 1, contrairement aux chariots TMT de type connu, destinés à être embarqués à l'arrière d'un véhicule porteur.The trolley according to the invention has a front wheelbase ratio greater than 1, unlike TMT trolleys of known type, intended to be loaded on the rear of a carrier vehicle.

Dans la position de rétraction maximale de la flèche représentée à la figure 2, l'accessoire de travail porté par le bras télescopique 7 dépasse en avant des roues avant 2 et 3, en permettant ainsi de loger un bras télescopique 7 offrant une portée et une hauteur de levages importantes, très supérieures à la portée et à la hauteur de levage des chariots TMT de type connu.In the position of maximum retraction of the arrow represented at figure 2 , the work accessory carried by the telescopic arm 7 protrudes forward of the front wheels 2 and 3, thus allowing to accommodate a telescopic arm 7 with a range and height of large lifts, much greater than the range and height lifting TMT trolleys of known type.

Cependant, sur ce chariot à trois roues de faible largeur, un risque d'instabilité latérale existe, particulièrement en virage, ce qui nécessite l'emploi de moyens appropriés tels que les sabots 11 et 12 de limitation d'inclinaison latérale.However, on this carriage with three wheels of small width, there is a risk of lateral instability, particularly when cornering, which requires the use of appropriate means such as hooves 11 and 12 of lateral inclination limitation.

Egalement, dans le cas d'une vitesse excessive d'avancement, et dans le cas des autres chariots à au moins trois roues, par exemple à quatre roues, ce risque d'instabilité latérale est encore augmenté, particulièrement en virage, du fait de l'augmentation des forces d'inertie exercées sur la machine proportionnellement au carré de la vitesse d'avancement et inversement proportionnelle au rayon du virage.Also, in the case of an excessive forward speed, and in the case of other trolleys with at least three wheels, for example four-wheel, this risk of lateral instability is further increased, particularly in cornering, due to the increase in inertial forces exerted on the machine proportionally to the square of the forward speed and inversely proportional to the radius of the turn.

Pour améliorer encore la sécurité de fonctionnement et la stabilité latérale d'un chariot selon l'invention, il est souhaitable de prévoir une limitation de la vitesse maximale d'avancement en virage.To further improve the operational safety and lateral stability of a carriage according to the invention, it is desirable to provide a limitation of the maximum speed of cornering.

A cet effet, sur la figure 3, une courbe de vitesse maximale d'avancement en fonction de l'angle de braquage en degré d'une roue directrice, par exemple d'une roue arrière, est représentée.For this purpose, on the figure 3 a curve of maximum driving speed as a function of the steering angle in degrees of a steering wheel, for example of a rear wheel, is represented.

Pour une avancée en ligne droite, et jusqu'à un braquage à droite ou à gauche d'environ 10°, la vitesse maximale d'un chariot selon l'invention est limitée à une vitesse de l'ordre de 13,5 km/h.For an advance in a straight line, and up to a turning to the right or to the left of about 10 °, the maximum speed of a carriage according to the invention is limited to a speed of the order of 13.5 km / h.

Au-delà d'un angle de braquage supérieur à 10° à gauche ou à droite, par exemple pour un angle de braquage de 20°, la vitesse maximale autorisée décroît fortement jusqu'à une valeur d'environ 8,5 km/h.Beyond a steering angle greater than 10 ° to the left or right, for example for a steering angle of 20 °, the maximum authorized speed decreases sharply to a value of approximately 8.5 km / h .

Au-delà d'un angle de braquage de 20° et jusqu'à un angle de braquage d'environ 40°, la vitesse de braquage décroît plus lentement jusqu'à une valeur voisine de 7 km/h, au-delà d'un angle de braquage de 40° à gauche ou à droite jusqu'à un angle de braquage terminal de 65° à gauche ou à droite, la vitesse maximale autorisée du chariot reste égale à 7 km/h.Beyond a steering angle of 20 ° and up to a steering angle of approximately 40 °, the steering speed decreases more slowly to a value close to 7 km / h, beyond a steering angle of 40 ° to the left or right to a steering angle of 65 ° left or right, the maximum authorized speed of the truck remains equal to 7 km / h.

Cette limitation de vitesse est obtenue par régulation du débit hydrostatique du chariot selon l'invention, de préférence en agissant sur la pression de pilotage de la pompe hydrostatique.This speed limitation is obtained by regulating the hydrostatic flow of the carriage according to the invention, preferably by acting on the piloting pressure of the hydrostatic pump.

Pour réduire la pression de pilotage de la transmission hydrostatique, on utilise de préférence une valve de réduction de pression analogue à une valve d'avance lente ("inching"). Cette valve de réduction de pression est commandée par un poussoir dont la course correspond à l'angle de braquage, comme indiqué par les flèches de correspondance de la figure 3.To reduce the pilot pressure of the hydrostatic transmission, a pressure reducing valve similar to an inching valve is preferably used. This pressure reduction valve is controlled by a pusher whose stroke corresponds to the steering angle, as indicated by the correspondence arrows of the figure 3 .

On voit que pour une avancée en ligne droite la pression de pilotage est maximale et voisine de 22 bar, tandis que pour un angle de braquage maximal, la pression de pilotage est égale à 5 bar, correspondant à une course de poussoir égale à 5,6 mm. Les valeurs intermédiaires de 20° et de 40° d'angle de braquage correspondent respectivement à une course de poussoir de 1,2 mm et de 5,6 mm.It can be seen that for a straight-line advance the piloting pressure is maximum and close to 22 bar, whereas for a maximum steering angle, the piloting pressure is equal to 5 bar, corresponding to a pusher stroke equal to 5, 6 mm. The intermediate values of 20 ° and 40 ° steering angle respectively correspond to a push stroke of 1.2 mm and 5.6 mm.

Les figures 4 à 7 décrivent un premier système de braquage d'une roue directrice, par exemple d'une roue arrière 1.The Figures 4 to 7 describe a first steering system of a steering wheel, for example a rear wheel 1.

L'axe de direction 20 du support 21 portant une roue directrice, par exemple une roue arrière 1, est solidaire du châssis 4 non représenté.The steering axis 20 of the support 21 carrying a steering wheel, for example a rear wheel 1, is secured to the chassis 4 not shown.

Le support 21 de roue arrière 1 comporte une excroissance 22 soumise l'action d'un vérin 23 monté entre l'articulation 24 sur le support 21 et un axe 25 solidaire du châssis 4 non représenté.The rear wheel support 21 comprises a protrusion 22 subjected to the action of a jack 23 mounted between the articulation 24 on the support 21 and an axis 25 integral with the chassis 4, not shown.

Le vérin 23 porte un actionneur 26 constitué par exemple d'une tige 27 solidarisée au vérin 23 et d'une vis 28 réglable de poussée. La vis 28 réglable agit sur une douille 29 d'enfoncement d'un poussoir 30 de la valve 31 de réduction de pression. La douille 29 d'enfoncement est montée coulissante dans un alésage d'une plaque solidaire de la valve 31 de réduction de pression de pilotage.The cylinder 23 carries an actuator 26 consisting for example of a rod 27 secured to the cylinder 23 and an adjustable screw 28 thrust. The adjustable screw 28 acts on a bushing 29 for driving a pusher 30 of the pressure reducing valve 31. The driving sleeve 29 is slidably mounted in a bore of a plate integral with the pilot pressure reduction valve 31.

Ainsi, dans la position d'avancement en ligne droite représentée à la figure 4, le poussoir 30 est entièrement enfoncé à l'intérieur de la valve 31, ce qui correspond à une pression de 22 bar et à une vitesse maximale autorisée d'avancement de 13,5 km/h (figure 3).So, in the straight forward position represented in the figure 4 , the pusher 30 is fully depressed inside the valve 31, which corresponds to a pressure of 22 bar and a maximum authorized speed of advance of 13.5 km / h ( figure 3 ).

Sur la figure 5, pour un angle de braquage de 20°, le poussoir 30 est sorti de 1,2 mm ce qui correspond à une pression de pilotage d'environ 16 bar et à une vitesse maximale d'avancement autorisée de 8, 5 km/h.On the figure 5 for a steering angle of 20 °, the pusher 30 is out 1.2 mm which corresponds to a pilot pressure of about 16 bar and a maximum permissible forward speed of 8.5 km / h.

Sur la figure 6, pour un angle de braquage de 40°, le poussoir est sorti de 5,6 mm, ce qui correspond à une pression de pilotage de 5 bar et à une vitesse maximale autorisée d'avancement de 7 km/h.On the figure 6 for a steering angle of 40 °, the pusher was pulled out 5.6 mm, which corresponds to a pilot pressure of 5 bar and a maximum allowable forward speed of 7 km / h.

Sur la figure 7, pour un angle de braquage de 65°, le poussoir reste également sorti de 5,6 mm, en raison de la limitation de cette course par la butée de la douille coulissante 29, ce qui correspond à une pression de pilotage de 5 bar et à une vitesse maximale d'avancement autorisée de 7 km/h.On the figure 7 , for a steering angle of 65 °, the pusher also remains out of 5.6 mm, because of the limitation of this stroke by the stop of the sliding sleeve 29, which corresponds to a pilot pressure of 5 bar and at a maximum allowable speed of 7 km / h.

En référence aux figures 8 à 11, un autre système de direction et de limitation de vitesse en fonction de l'angle de braquage est représenté avec des angles de braquage respectivement identiques aux angles de braquage décrits en référence aux figures 3 à 7.With reference to Figures 8 to 11 , another steering and speed limitation system according to the steering angle is shown with respectively identical steering angles to the steering angles described with reference to the Figures 3 to 7 .

Les courses de poussoir, les pressions de pilotage et les vitesses maximales autorisées sont dans cet exemple identiques aux courses de poussoir, aux angles de braquage et aux vitesses maximales autorisées décrites en référence aux figures 3 à 7.In this example, the pusher strokes, the pilot pressures and the maximum permissible speeds are identical to the pusher strokes, the steering angles and the maximum permissible speeds described with reference to Figures 3 to 7 .

Bien entendu, tout autre dispositif de limitation de vitesse d'avancement du chariot peut également être envisagé, sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention.Of course, any other device for limiting the speed of advance of the carriage can also be envisaged, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Dans ce deuxième système, une came 32 est montée solidaire du support 21 de la roue arrière 1, de manière à agir sur un galet coulissant 33 d'enfoncement du poussoir 30 de la valve 31 de réduction de pression de pilotage.In this second system, a cam 32 is mounted integral with the support 21 of the rear wheel 1, so as to act on a sliding roller 33 of depression of the pusher 30 of the pilot pressure reduction valve 31.

On obtient ainsi grâce à l'action de la came 32 sur le galet 33 d'enfoncement du poussoir 30 les courses de poussoir, les réductions de pression de pilotage correspondantes et les limitations de vitesse maximale d'avancement décrites en référence à la figure 3.Thus, thanks to the action of the cam 32 on the push-in roller 33 of the pusher 30, the pusher strokes, the corresponding pilot pressure reductions and the maximum speed limits of advance described with reference to FIG. figure 3 .

Sur la figure 12, un schéma hydrostatique d'avancement d'un chariot selon l'invention est représenté.On the figure 12 a hydrostatic flow diagram of a carriage according to the invention is shown.

Le moteur 9 entraîne la pompe hydrostatique 10 générant l'énergie hydrostatique du chariot.The motor 9 drives the hydrostatic pump 10 generating the hydrostatic energy of the truck.

La pompe hydrostatique 10 est reliée à un bloc de répartition 40 pour alimenter le moteur 41 d'entraînement d'une roue directrice, par exemple d'une roue arrière ; le moteur 42 d'entraînement de la roue avant droite ; et le moteur 43 d'entraînement de la roue avant gauche.The hydrostatic pump 10 is connected to a distribution block 40 for supplying the motor 41 for driving a steering wheel, for example a rear wheel; the drive motor 42 of the right front wheel; and the motor 43 for driving the left front wheel.

Un électrodistributeur 44 de frein agit sur les retours de fluide hydraulique au réservoir 46 pour commander les freins des roues motrices du chariot selon l'invention. Un diviseur de débit 47 assure une répartition du débit de fluide entre les trois roues pour éviter tout glissement ou patinage.A brake solenoid valve 44 acts on the hydraulic fluid returns to the tank 46 to control the brakes of the driving wheels of the carriage according to the invention. A flow divider 47 provides a distribution of fluid flow between the three wheels to prevent slippage or slippage.

De manière connue un refroidisseur 48, un filtre 49 d'aspiration et de retour de fluide hydraulique et une valve d'avance lente («inching») 50 actionnée par pédale sont montés dans le circuit hydrostatique pour accomplir des fonctions connues en soi.In known manner a cooler 48, a filter 49 suction and return of hydraulic fluid and a thumbing valve ("inching") 50 actuated by pedal are mounted in the hydrostatic circuit to perform functions known per se.

La valve 31 de réduction de pression de pilotage de la pompe hydrostatique 10 décrite en référence aux figures 4 à 11 est actionnée par le poussoir 30 en fonction de l'angle de braquage de la roue arrière 1.The valve 31 for reducing the pilot pressure of the hydrostatic pump 10 described with reference to Figures 4 to 11 is actuated by the pusher 30 as a function of the steering angle of the rear wheel 1.

D'autres variantes de schémas hydrostatiques pour un chariot élévateur à au moins trois roues selon l'invention peuvent être envisagées sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention, l'essentiel étant de fixer une consigne de vitesse maximale autorisée d'avancement du chariot en fonction d'une valeur individuelle ou moyenne représentative d'un angle de braquage.Other variants of hydrostatic diagrams for a forklift truck with at least three wheels according to the invention can be envisaged without departing from the scope of the present invention, the essential point being to set a maximum authorized speed of advance of the carriage in function of an individual or average value representative of a steering angle.

L'invention décrite en référence à plusieurs modes de réalisation particuliers n'y est nullement limitée, mais couvre au contraire toute modification de forme et toute variante de réalisation dans le cadre et l'esprit de l'invention.The invention described with reference to several particular embodiments is not limited thereto, but on the contrary covers any modification of form and any variant embodiment within the scope and spirit of the invention.

D'autres variantes de conformation de chariot élévateur à au moins trois roues selon l'invention peuvent être envisagées sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention, l'essentiel étant de prévoir des moyens de sécurité contre un risque de perte de stabilité latérale, ces moyens de sécurité étant aptes à s'opposer au renversement du chariot selon l'invention.Other variants of conformation forklift with at least three wheels according to the invention can be envisaged without departing from the scope of the present invention, the essential is to provide security means against a risk of loss of lateral stability, these safety means being able to oppose the overturning of the carriage according to the invention.

Claims (7)

  1. Lift truck with variable range, with at least three wheels and a telescopic arm (7), in which the front end of the telescopic arm (7) extends in front of the front wheels (2, 3) in the load transport position, of the type comprising a steerable rear wheel (1) and two front wheels (2, 3), a driver station (5) and a motor propulsion group (9) secured to a chassis (4), characterized, in combination, in that the truck comprises a system limiting the maximum speed of advance as a function of the wheel turning angle of the truck, so as to ensure the lateral stability of the truck when turning; in that the truck has a hydrostatic transmission; in that said system limiting the maximum speed of advance of the truck as a function of the wheel turning angle is connected to or co-operates with the hydrostatic transmission of the truck; in that the system limiting the maximum speed of advance as a function of the wheel turning angle comprises a control pressure reduction valve for the hydrostatic transmission of the truck; in that said control pressure reduction valve is a valve with a tappet co-operating with an actuator associated with the wheel turning angle of the truck; and in that the control pressure decreases as a function of the outlet of the tappet of the control pressure reduction valve.
  2. Truck according to Claim 1, characterized in that the system limiting the maximum speed of advance of the truck is controlled by an actuator connected to the wheel turning angle of at least one steerable wheel.
  3. Truck according to Claim 2, characterized in that the actuator can be secured to a steering cylinder for steering the truck.
  4. Truck according to Claim 2, characterized in that the actuator is secured to a support or pivot of a steerable wheel.
  5. Truck according to any one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the chassis (4) has a compact structure elongated in the longitudinal direction of advance of the truck.
  6. Truck according to Claim 5, characterized in that the chassis has two shoes (11, 12) for limiting lateral inclination, disposed on opposite sides of the rear wheel (1) of the truck.
  7. Truck according to Claim 6, characterized in that the shoes (11, 12) for limiting lateral inclination are preferably disposed in the tracks of the front wheels (2, 3), when the truck advances in a straight line.
EP03290757A 2002-03-29 2003-03-26 Variable reach lift truck with three wheels Expired - Lifetime EP1348668B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR0204044 2002-03-29
FR0204044A FR2837809B1 (en) 2002-03-29 2002-03-29 LIFT TRUCK WITH VARIABLE RANGE WITH THREE WHEELS

Publications (2)

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EP1348668A1 EP1348668A1 (en) 2003-10-01
EP1348668B1 true EP1348668B1 (en) 2009-09-23

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US (1) US7121372B2 (en)
EP (1) EP1348668B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE443685T1 (en)
DE (1) DE60329347D1 (en)
FR (1) FR2837809B1 (en)

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USD730614S1 (en) 2013-11-26 2015-05-26 Big Lift, Llc. Personnel lift vehicle
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FR2837809A1 (en) 2003-10-03
US20030226705A1 (en) 2003-12-11
US7121372B2 (en) 2006-10-17
DE60329347D1 (en) 2009-11-05
FR2837809B1 (en) 2004-11-12
EP1348668A1 (en) 2003-10-01
ATE443685T1 (en) 2009-10-15

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