EP1347931B1 - Gearless cable lift with a dual wind drive disk mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a gearless cable lift with a drive disk mechanism which is dually wound by several bearer cables, comprising a counter disk (3), an elevator car (6), guide tracks for the elevator car (6) and a counter weight, especially for installation with a machine room. According to the invention, the bearer cables are guided in semicircular grooves and the ratio of the drive disk diameter to the nominal diameter of the bearing cables is 40.

Description

The invention relates to a gearless cable lift with one of several parallel Steel carrying cables Double-wrapped traction sheave drive with counter-pulley, a car, Guide rails for the car and a counterweight, in particular for a machine room-less. Installation of the elevator machine.

In the case of cable lifts, the car and the counterweight are connected to each other via the suspension element rope connected. The counterweight is equal to the net weight of the car and a part, mostlycns half, the payload and half the net mass of leading to the car Suspension cable off. For safety reasons, at least two parallel running ropes required. Nowadays, cable lifts are used instead of the previously customary rope drum drives equipped with Trcibscheibenantrieben, the traction sheave as a driving ring can be executed. As a drive unit electric motors are used. traction sheave and propulsion engine including its energetic and control part are essential Components of a gearless elevator machine. Gearless lift machines are extremely quiet and small and inexpensive. They are more advantageous than Elevator machines with gearbox. For them, no environmentally hazardous gear oil is needed and the elimination of the transmission improves the efficiency.

The elevator machine is in a separate machine room or directly in the vehicle shaft Installed. In the latter case, it may be in the upper or lower part of the Shaft, laterally in the space for the counterweight or directly on or under the Car installed. Depending on the installation method, the car payload and more Conditions, such as head or conveyor speed, have different Supporting rope guides developed.

In the simplest case, the single suspension, the suspension cable is coming from the car coming over the traction sheave permanently installed in the shaft head or in the machine room above it led to the counterweight. But there are also other suspension cable guides in multiple suspensions, the use of loose roles at the same time a specific ratio from rope to car speed. For example the rope drive with a loose roller on the car and a loose roller on the counterweight executed, the torque of the drive motor decreases in half double speed. The machine is smaller and can be easier in the elevator shaft to install.

In order to increase or obtain the necessary propulsion capability, it is known to provide a "double" Umschlingung ", which then in conjunction with noise and wear-prone Semicircular grooves is performed.

An arrangement with double wrap by two or more parallel support cables is For example, described in DE 36 34 859 A1. Moving from the car to the counterweight extending ropes are twice around the traction sheave and between them Loop once wrapped around a pulley, with the contact angle between the traction sheave and the suspension cables in both loops around the traction sheave 180 ° exceeds. A variant with double wrap and two deflection plates is shown in FIG. 2c of EP 0 578 237 A1.

A machine roomless arrangement with double wrap around the traction sheave is in WO 99/43595. According to FIG. 2, the suspension element runs from an upper side stop Coming, twice at the traction sheave and counter-disc, both at the bottom of the Racks are fixed, in the further back up, where it deflects on a fixed role and finally a loose roll on the counterweight to a second upper rope stop. Traction sheave and counter-disc have such a distance from each other that a Pulley on the car floor becomes unnecessary. As a support means are two parallel flat strands provided, as specified for example in WO 99/43885. Further flat strands are shown for example in WO 98/29327. Flat strands exist in contrast to the common round ropes from several small, parallel running, Metallic or non-metallic strands or ropes, shared by a flat-band-like, non-metallic cladding are included. The strand strength after WO 99/43885 enables flat strands of extremely small thickness. According to a common calculation rule, according to which the pulley diameter at least 40 times Shaft diameter to correspond, resulting pulley diameter of 100 mm and under. Small pulley diameters are directly proportional to the applied Torque and thus on the size of the drive motors. That is, ever smaller is the pulley diameter, the less torque must be applied to the traction sheave be applied and the more compact and cost-effective, the drive motor be constructed.

According to the foregoing, small pulley diameters are in elevator construction particularly advantageous because they allow a compact design of the drive motor. However, small traction sheaves have the disadvantage that the suspension rope is more stressed and the rope life is thereby reduced. To look at the lifts Therefore, to ensure a sufficient rope life in the prior art, become Pulley diameter of at least 40 times the shroud diameter used wherein the reduction of the carrier rope diameter through the use of the above described Flat strands is achieved as drive cables with a particularly small diameter.

A disadvantage of the flat strands, however, is the need for manufacturing and On-stock keeping of special, very cost-intensive suspension for all load sizes. In addition, incipient damage to the suspension, which is a serious threat to the Elevator operation or even safety can lead, only with considerable technological Effort or not to detect.

The JP 07-117957 A discloses an elevator in which a plurality of parallel support cables Double wrap a traction sheave drive with counter pulley. The leadership of Ropes are in semicircular drive grooves.

EP 0 672 781 A relates to elevators using synthetic fiber ropes, to allow a greater number of bending changes.

The invention is based on the object, a gearless cable lift with double Wrap to develop so that the disadvantages of the flat strands are avoided and the elevator has a compact and inexpensive construction.

The object is achieved by the features specified in claim 1. Advantageous developments are specified in the dependent claims 2 to 21.

Instead of two or three extremely thin flat strands are in the inventive Elevator always uses equally thin steel carrying ropes, the ratio of the pulley diameter to the nominal diameter of the suspension ropes is less than 40. A ratio of essentially 30 has proved to be very beneficial. As a result, small pulley diameter allows, creating a compact and inexpensive construction of the drive motor is guaranteed. The reduced rope life, which decreased by one Drive pulley diameter results in accordance with the invention by the use of Semicircular drive grooves avoided, in which the steel carrying ropes run. True, by the use of half-round grooves reduces the drive capacity of the drive pulley, this will however compensated by the use of a double wrap. The ropes are running in undercutless drive grooves, but also driving grooves with a low undercut, preferably from 1-3 mm. Such a small undercut can have a positive effect on the running properties.

The drive torque can be greatly reduced in the cable according to the invention, which also makes the prime mover smaller. On the other hand, the suspension cables do not experience such an extreme bending radius and extreme rolling speeds like the flat strands on traction sheaves with a diameter of ≤ 100 mm.

The thin support cables are in the the carrier rope diameter exactly adapted half-round grooves the traction sheave very well, causing deformations of the rope and transverse pressures be avoided and the surface pressure is reduced. The suspension cables thereby reach a high resting time. Due to the circular cross-section of the suspension cables "find" The ropes always in the size exactly matched half-round grooves of the drive wheel. Consequently, they have no tendency to vibrate or unequal Strain to wander out of bed. In addition, a not to be underestimated occurs Noise reduction on.

The invention is thus based on the finding that by a combination of a double wrap of the drive rope with the guide in semicircular drive grooves, the ratio Drive pulley diameter can be reduced to nominal diameter of the suspension cables, thereby smaller Tragseildurchmesser and thus a cheaper construction of the cable lift is ensured with undiminished long rope life.

It does not have as another advantage different wire sizes or flat strand widths kept in stock. It comes with traction sheaves of a groove size, wherein a traction sheave at the same time over a large or the entire payload range can be designed.

The visual inspection of the suspension ropes for fatigue damage, the manual sensing of Wire breaks with Fühlwerkzeugen and the heat dissipation from the support cables is opposite Plastic flat strands considerably safer and easier. The breakage of a strand, dikings, Bruising, severe wear or corrosion of individual wires can occur in plastic-coated flat strands visually not at all and with magnetinductive methods only partially be determined. The manufacturing and procurement costs of round cables compared to flat strands are significantly lower. There is no risk of damage by marten bites, as they can not be excluded in plastic flat strands. For different lengths of single strands or single ropes of a plastic coated Flachstranges warps the entire flat strand and its propulsion and lay time decreases.

In a particularly preferred embodiment of the invention are particularly thin Supporting cables with a nominal diameter between 5 to 7 mm, in particular of ≤ 6 mm used. With a plurality of such thin suspension cables can be adapted to the Make the car payload more finely tuned. Also, the lubrication and cleaning is thinner Ropes more effective than thicker ropes. In contrast, are in elevators with plastic-coated flat strands or a few thick suspension cables larger gradations to adapt to the carrying capacity of a lift a necessary evil. As a Unterdimensionierung for elevators is out of the question, the ropes are always oversized be what makes the elevator more expensive

Fig. 1a

eine prinzipielle Darstellung eines Seiltriebs mit doppelter Umschlingung in der Seitenansicht und

Fig. 1b

in der Draufsicht,

Fig. 2

ein Beispiel einer Schachtkopf-Installation und 2:1-Aufhängung,

Fig. 3

ein Beispiel einer Schachtwand-Installation und 2:1-Aufhängung,

Fig. 4

ein Beispiel einer Fahrkorbboden-Installation und 2:1-Aufhängung und

Fig. 5

ein Beispiel einer Fahrkorbdach-Installation und 2:1-Aufhängung.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to embodiments. In the accompanying drawing show:

Fig. 1a

a schematic representation of a rope drive with double wrap in the side view and

Fig. 1b

in the plan view,

Fig. 2

an example of a shaft head installation and 2: 1 suspension,

Fig. 3

an example of a shaft wall installation and 2: 1 suspension,

Fig. 4

an example of a car floor installation and 2: 1 suspension and

Fig. 5

an example of a car roof installation and 2: 1 suspension.

In Fig. 1 a known rope drive with double wrap is shown in more detail. A set of suspension ropes 1, consisting in the example of 8 parallel running ropes with a Nominal diameter of 6 mm, coming from below via a traction sheave 2 with a Nominal diameter of 240 mm and half-round grooves 4 to a counter-disc 3 with also a nominal diameter of 240 mm out, wraps around the counter-disc 3, runs back to the traction sheave 2, the traction sheave 2 wraps around, runs back to the counter-disc 3 and is led down over this again. Instead of traction sheave with a nominal diameter 240 mm, even those with a small nominal diameter can be used. For example, the nominal diameter can only be 180 mm, which is a ratio of pulley diameter to nominal diameter of the suspension cables of 30 corresponds.

In Fig. 1a, only one of the 8 supporting cables of the supporting rope set 1 is shown for clarity. Traction sheave 2 and counter-disc 3 are shown arranged horizontally to each other. Likewise, they can also be arranged perpendicular to each other. The distance of Opposed disc 3 to the traction sheave 2 is chosen so that when horizontal disc arrangement in the shaft head of the supporting cable set 1 outside of the car sides, not shown in Fig. 1 passes. This eliminates an otherwise necessary additional deflection.

From Fig. 1b it can be seen that the counter-disc 3 to the traction sheave 2 to a certain extent Piece is offset, usually by half the rope center distance. Traction sheave 2 and counter-disc 3 may be slightly twisted in addition to the Lotachsen to the spiral Wrap around, with the ropes in the double guide lie alternately. The rope deflection can be minimized in this way. The Support cables run in half-round grooves of the traction sheave 2, the nominal diameter of the supporting cables are matched and corresponding grooves of the counter-disc 3. This does not guarantee only an exact cable guide and long life, but also as a result of the flat Having an excellent driving ability. For undercut seat grooves would Support ropes rest only on part of the possible rope surface. Through this and through the Wedge effect in the rope seat would be transverse pressures and deformations.

With a suspension 2: 1 and the usual conditions for the car mass and the Lift height of a passenger lift can be with a suspension cable set of six 6 mm suspension cables Car payloads up to 450 kg with car speeds of 1 realize m / s. However, there are also higher speeds of up to 2 m / s or more conceivable. For higher payloads, such as a 630 kg car payload and a Car speed of 1 m / s are laid about 8 ropes, depending on the breaking load the suspension ropes, and for car payloads between 800 kg and 1,000 kg 9 to 12 Supporting cables, again depending on the breaking strength of the suspension cables.

The breaking strength of the suspension ropes depends decisively on the nominal diameter of the suspension ropes from the material and construction of a supporting rope. The most important technical data such as tensile strength the wires, calculated breaking force and determined breaking strength are determined by the manufacturer specified in a works certificate and serve the elevator construction for calculation the necessary number of suspension cables of the suspension cable set 1. The above information can therefore only be indicative, especially since a u.a. from the nominal rope speed and the cable guide dependent, high safety factor the result significantly affected.

In Fig. 2 is an example of a machine room-less installation of the traction sheave drive shown schematically in the shaft head. The shaft wall 5 bounds the free Shaft space. From above you can see the roof of the car 6. Above the car 6 is the traction sheave drive with the drive motor 7, the traction sheave 2 with a corresponding Nominal diameter of about 240 mm and the counter-disc 3 with a nominal diameter of about 240 mm in the shaft head installed so that the traction sheave 2 double-wrap set 1 with its 6 mm ropes on the side walls of the Car 6 passes directly down, with one end of the supporting cable set 1 two deflectors 8, 9, which are attached as a "bottom block" on the car floor, wraps around and up to a first cable stop 10 runs and the other end of the supporting cable set. 1 a deflection wheel 12 installed on the counterweight 11 wraps around and then to a second cable stop 13 runs upwards. The counterweight 11 and its deflection pulley 12 run laterally between the shaft wall 5 and a side wall of the car 6th Die Cable guide, with a 2: 1 gear ratio of the rope speed at the traction sheave 2 is reached to the car speed at half the driving torque, comes the use of a small, faster-running drive motor 7 with small traction sheave. 2 and thin suspension cables very contrary and is shown schematically again separately. The attachment means for the traction sheave drive in the shaft head are also omitted like the side guide rails for the car and other components of a car usual cable lift.

If the traction sheave drive is installed in a shaft pit instead of in a shaft head, be two more pulleys necessary, what the number of bending changes of Increases ropes and reduces their rope life. With reconstructions one becomes due to However, the structural conditions can hardly do without such a solution.

Fig. 3 shows the installation of a traction sheave drive on a shaft wall 5. In this Example are the traction sheave 2 and the counter-disc 3 with each other in the extended Space for the counterweight 11 is arranged. The set of suspension ropes 1 runs from a first Rope stop 10 on the pulleys 8, 9 to the traction sheave 3, 2, wraps around the driven by the drive motor 7 drive pulley 2 twice, runs to the guide roller 12, on the the counterweight 11 hangs, and ultimately runs to the second cable stop 13. The pulleys 8, 9 can both on the roof of the car 6 and under the ground be fastened to the car 6. Both variants are shown schematically. The described Support rope guide realizes a 2: 1 suspension.

If the traction sheave drive is permanently installed at the top, bottom or side of the shaft, it will become conveniently attached to the elevator frame.

In Fig. 4, the traction sheave drive is installed at the bottom of the elevator car 6. The set of suspension ropes 1 runs from the first cable stop 10 to the counter-disc 3 and the traction sheave. 2 around, which are both attached to the bottom of the car 6, in the further up, over a deflection roller 14, the deflection roller 12 wraps around the counterweight and is ultimately with attached to the second end of the second cable stop 13. It will turn one 2: 1 suspension realized.

According to FIG. 5, the traction sheave drive is installed on the roof of the elevator car 6. The Cable guide corresponds to the cable guide according to Fig. 4. Crucial for the choice of installation the traction sheave drive on the car floor or on the car roof are ultimately the local conditions in the shaft and the possibilities for a disability Maintenance of the traction sheave drive.

If the traction sheave drive is installed on the car 6, the car frame or the Car main carrier expediently supplemented by appropriate holding means.

The car suspension can be in the ratio 1: 1, 2: 1 or even 4: 1, depending on whether and how many loose rolls are used.

As suspension cables single-layer round rope ropes can be used, wherein the individual Round wires of carbon steel with a relatively high content of carbon of 0.4 % to 1% are drawn. But it can also be used multi-layer round strand ropes.

The support cables have a nominal diameter in a preferred embodiment of the invention of 6 mm, which allows drive pulley diameter of 240 mm and smaller.

For additional miniaturization of the traction sheave drive and to increase its service life contributes, if in a further embodiment, the motor of the traction sheave drive even without mechanical double emergency brake device is executed and for it a double emergency brake device is arranged on the car 6, on both sides at least one guide rail for the car 6 acts. Preferably then is the Double emergency brake device a two-disc clamp brake. The electric motor is according to another preferred embodiment as a converter-controlled three-phase synchronous or three-phase asynchronous motor is formed.

reference numeral

1

Set of suspension ropes

2

traction sheave

3

counter-disk

4

Semicircular grooves

5

shaft wall

6

car

7

drive motor

8th

deflection plate

9

deflection plate

10

cable stop

11

counterweight

12

deflection plate

13

cable stop

14

deflection plate

Claims (21)

1. Gearless cable lift having a driving disk mechanism which is dual-wound by a plurality of parallel carrying steel cables, having a driven disk (3), a lift car (6), guiding rails for the lift car (6) and a counterweight (11), in particular for installation without a -machine room, characterised in that the carrying steel cables run in semi-circular driving grooves and the ratio of the driving disk diameter to the nominal diameter of the carrying cables is < 40.
2. Gearless cable lift according to claim 1, characterised in that the ratio of the driving disk diameter to the nominal diameter of the carrying steel cables is substantially 30.
3. Gearless cable lift according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the driving grooves have no undercut.
4. Gearless cable lift according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the driving grooves have a slight undercut, preferably an undercut of from 1 to 3 mm.
5. Gearless cable lift according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the carrying steel cables have a nominal diameter of from 5 to 7 mm, in particular of < 6 mm.
6. Gearless cable lift according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that it is configured for lift car load capacities of up to 2000 kg and has carrying steel cables having a nominal diameter of substantially 7 mm, the ratio of the driving disk diameter to the nominal diameter of the carrying cables preferably being approximately 34.
7. Gearless cable lift according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that it is configured for lift car load capacities of up to 2000 kg, in particular of between 300 kg and 1000 kg.
8. Gearless cable lift according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the driven disk (3) is at the same time a redirecting disk which defines spacing.
9. Gearless cable lift according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that, in order to adapt to the cable forces which occur, only the number of carrying steel cables arranged in the driving disk mechanism can be changed.
10. Gearless cable lift according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the driving disk (2) and the driven disk (3) of the driving disk mechanism are arranged horizontally relative to each other and in the, region of the shaft head or in the region of the shaft cavity.
11. Gearless cable lift according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the driving disk (2) and the driven disk (3) of the driving disk mechanism are arranged perpendicularly relative to each other and in the region of the extended counterweight space in the shaft.
12. Gearless cable lift according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that the driving disk (2) and the driven disk (3) of the driving disk mechanism are fitted to the base or roof of the lift car (6).
13. Gearless cable lift according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the driving disk mechanism is fixed to the lift frame.
14. Gearless cable lift according to claim 12, characterised in that the holding elements for the driving disk mechanism are integrated in the frame or main carrier of the lift car.
15. Gearless cable lift according to at least one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a lift car suspension is effected at a ratio of 1:1.
16. Gearless cable lift according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a non-fixed-roller lift car suspension is effected at a ratio of 2:1 or 4:1.
17. Gearless cable lift according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the carrying steel cables are single-layer round-stranded cables.
18. Gearless cable lift according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the motor of the driving disk mechanism is a three-phase asynchronous motor or a threephase synchronous motor.
19. Gearless cable lift according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the motor of the driving disk mechanism is constructed with no mechanical emergency-stop braking device.
20. Gearless cable lift according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that a dual brake is arranged on the lift car (6) in the form of an emergency-stop braking device which acts on both sides of at least one guiding rail for the lift car (6).
21. Gearless cable lift according to claim 20, characterised in that the braking device is a two-disk double jaw brake.

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