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EP1334493B1 - Actuator for a fluid valve - Google Patents

Actuator for a fluid valve Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1334493B1
EP1334493B1 EP01996867A EP01996867A EP1334493B1 EP 1334493 B1 EP1334493 B1 EP 1334493B1 EP 01996867 A EP01996867 A EP 01996867A EP 01996867 A EP01996867 A EP 01996867A EP 1334493 B1 EP1334493 B1 EP 1334493B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
magnet
actuator according
housing
coil
pole
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01996867A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1334493A1 (en
Inventor
Hartmuth Rausch
Peter-Klaus Budig
Ralf Werner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Parker Hannifin GmbH and Co KG
Original Assignee
Parker Hannifin GmbH and Co KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Application filed by Parker Hannifin GmbH and Co KG filed Critical Parker Hannifin GmbH and Co KG
Publication of EP1334493A1 publication Critical patent/EP1334493A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1334493B1 publication Critical patent/EP1334493B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01FMAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
    • H01F7/00Magnets
    • H01F7/06Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
    • H01F7/066Electromagnets with movable winding
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T137/00Fluid handling
    • Y10T137/8158With indicator, register, recorder, alarm or inspection means
    • Y10T137/8225Position or extent of motion indicator
    • Y10T137/8242Electrical

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an actuator for actuating a valve, comprising a housing jacket made of magnetically conductive material, an actuating lug having, in the housing shell to form an existing air gap movable coil carrier with at least one wound on its circumference, current-carrying coil and with one of the Spool support with the formation of an air gap enclosed magnetic cylinder with an axially arranged in its interior sequence of permanent magnet and a magnetically conductive material existing pole disk, wherein the axial width of the coil is greater than the axial length of the coil associated pole plate.
  • the known actuator consists of a one-sided closed, completely made of a magnetically conductive material housing in which the movable out with an actuating approach from the housing coil carrier is movable.
  • the known actuator is characterized in that the pole disks are narrow compared to the adjacent arranged permanent magnets and wound on the bobbin Coils relative to the associated narrow pole discs have a much greater width.
  • a similarly constructed actuator is known from US 5,745,019; as far as in this design of the coil carrier already is movable in a fluidic medium, the medium is a magnetic fluid which is provided to improve the magnetic flux within the actuator. Since such magnetic fluids inherently have a correspondingly high viscosity, frictional heat is generated during the movement of the coil carrier in the fluid and movement-inhibiting effects are more likely to occur.
  • the invention provides in its basic idea that the size dimensions of the permanent magnet and pole disk are matched to one another such that the frontal cross-sectional area of the permanent magnet corresponds at least to the circumferential area of an adjacent pole disk and 'that the width of the spool associated coil the width of the pole disk to the stroke amplitude of the bobbin overlaps, and that the actuator for operating a set up in the field of hydraulics. Valve is thereby established and the bobbin recesses for receiving the coils has such that adjusts between coil carrier and magnetic cylinder tube a laminar lubricating film in the sense of a sliding bearing of the bobbin on the magnetic cylinder tube without displacement of the surrounding hydraulic fluid.
  • the invention has the advantage that initially the non-contributing to the force acting on the coil carrier leakage flux is thereby kept low, that the entire magnetic flux in the region of the pole disk radially on the shortest geometric path through the
  • Air gap between the magnetic cylinder tube and housing or housing shell is performed so that all the coil conductors are subjected to the maximum air gap induction. This is ensured during the entire axial movement of the bobbin relative to the stationary magnetic cylinder tube, the invention provides that the width of the pole disc associated coil overlaps the width of the pole disk to the stroke amplitude of the bobbin insofar as this is the extent of the coils is limited to the necessary extent , results in an advantageous arrangement of coils with the lowest possible self-inductance and a low winding weight.
  • the size of the air gap between the. Spool carrier and the magnetic cylinder tube provides an adjustment of a smallest possible air gap in that the coils are wound into formed on the bobbin recesses, so that adjusts a laminar lubricating film between the bobbin and magnetic cylinder tube without displacement of the surrounding hydraulic fluid.
  • the coil carrier consisting of electrically non-conductive material, for example made of plastic, hard tissue or ceramic, has recesses for receiving the coils, into which the individual coils are wound.
  • the sleeve-shaped coil carrier is provided with a star-shaped radially inwardly projecting spokes, in the center of which a plunger projecting from the housing is connected as an actuating projection.
  • the invention provides that the housing shell is part of a closed and the movable coil carrier and the magnetic cylinder receiving housing, wherein the plunger engages through the associated end wall of the housing in an opening.
  • the invention provides a magnetic module which is formed by a permanent magnet arranged centrally in the magnet cylinder and two pole discs arranged on the outside, wherein in the magnet module each pole disc on the coil carrier is assigned a partial coil, wherein the partial coils of a magnetic module wound in opposite directions and connected to each other mechanically and electrically, so that a mutual induction is avoided.
  • a single magnet module is arranged within the housing jacket of the actuator. Due to the compact, symmetrical design of the magnetic module associated therewith, a relatively larger force density is generated due to the inventively relatively low magnetic leakage losses, which allows in conjunction with a low inertia of the bobbin including wound thereon coils fast exchange movements or a fast one-sided deflection of the bobbin.
  • the self-inductances of the coil sections are kept low, so that such rapid changes in current are possible that, for example, stroke adjustments over a few millimeters can be achieved in a few milliseconds.
  • a plurality of magnetic modules are arranged axially one behind the other within the housing shell, with axially identical poles of the permanent magnet facing each magnet module.
  • the outer pole disks of each magnet module are joined together to form an integral connecting pole disk.
  • the inner edge magnet of the magnetic cylinder tube rests on the end wall of the housing made of magnetically conductive material on the closed housing side.
  • the housing on its open front side radially inwardly jumping and axially between the spokes of the supporting star of the bobbin claw poles has magnetically conductive material, which are in a magnetically adhesive connection with the associated edge magnet of the magnetic cylinder and the magnetic cylinder tube.
  • the housing shell open on both sides with formed at its two ends claw poles, wherein the movable in the housing shell coil support at both end faces in each case a supporting star with it may have protruding ram.
  • the claw poles are designed to correspond to the existing between the spokes of the star carrier gaps.
  • the claw poles form an anti-rotation device for the star carrier with plunger, as far as the interaction of the actuator with a valve used in fluid technology when starting the valve torsional forces on the plunger and so that it can be transmitted to the spool carrier via the carrier star.
  • at least one claw pole has, for example, a hump-shaped or linearly abutting projection against the associated spoke of the support star, so that surface friction is avoided and only one point friction or line friction is allowed. Accordingly, a projection may also be formed on a spoke and bear against the claw pole.
  • the structure of a magnetic module or the plurality of magnetic modules according to an embodiment of the invention may also be such that a magnetic module is formed by a pole disc centrally disposed in the magnetic cylinder tube and two each outside arranged permanent magnet, wherein axially equal poles of the permanent magnet facing each other and on the coil carrier is wound one of the centrally arranged pole disc associated coil.
  • a magnetic module is formed by a pole disc centrally disposed in the magnetic cylinder tube and two each outside arranged permanent magnet, wherein axially equal poles of the permanent magnet facing each other and on the coil carrier is wound one of the centrally arranged pole disc associated coil.
  • a biased spring for acting on the plunger in its coupling position with a valve connected to the actuator.
  • the coils wound in the recesses of the coil carrier are still superimposed by a protective layer, so that the coil carrier provided with coils has in each case a smooth surface.
  • Corresponding grooves can optionally also be provided on the outer circumference of the bobbin.
  • the actuator shown in Figure 1 in a schematic representation has a housing 10, the outer casing shell 11 consists of a magnetically conductive material.
  • the one closed end 12 of the housing 10 is made for reasons to be explained from another, namely a magnetically non-conductive material, while the opposite end face 13 consists of magnetically conductive material and has a central recess 14.
  • a cylindrical magnetic cylinder tube 15 is arranged and connected on one side with the closed end face 12 of the housing 10.
  • the magnetic cylinder tube 15 is made of a magnetically non-conductive material.
  • a permanent magnet 16 is arranged in a central position, on whose two end faces in each case a pole disk 17 is located.
  • a spacer 18 is additionally arranged from a magnetically non-conductive material, which has the purpose, in view of the yet to be explained geometrical definition of the size ratios of the permanent magnet 16 and Polin 17th for a sufficient range of motion of the coil carrier to be explained to create.
  • existing annulus is a sleeve-shaped made of a magnetically and electrically non-conductive material, such as plastic, hard tissue or ceramic existing coil carrier 19 axially movable, wherein between the magnetic cylinder 15 and the coil support 19, an air gap 24 and between the coil support 19 and the outer housing shell 11, an air gap 25 are arranged ,
  • a radially inwardly jumping spokes 21 formed star carrier 20 is provided at the side facing away from the closed end 12 of the housing of the coil carrier 20, wherein in the center of the support star 20 axially projecting through the recess 14 of the end face 13 of the housing 10 ram 22 and with the support star 20 is connected.
  • FIG. 1 is only schematically arranged and shown somewhat more clearly in Figure 8, two of a suitable material, preferably made of copper or aluminum wire coils 23 are wound on the bobbin 19 in the embodiment shown in Figure 1, wherein the coils 23 respectively axially overlap the pole plates 17 and are wound in opposite directions.
  • a suitable material preferably made of copper or aluminum wire coils 23 are wound on the bobbin 19 in the embodiment shown in Figure 1, wherein the coils 23 respectively axially overlap the pole plates 17 and are wound in opposite directions.
  • the size dimensions of permanent magnet 16 and pole disks 17 are matched to one another such that the end-side cross-sectional area of the permanent magnet corresponds at least to the circumferential area of the respective pole disk. Shortened this is given when the axial magnet length and the axial length of the pole plates 17 correspond to approximately half the diameter of the permanent magnet 16. Longer pole discs are quite possible within the scope of the inventive concept. Furthermore, each of the two coils 23 must overlap the width of the associated pole disk 17 by the stroke amplitude of the bobbin 19, so that during the entire movement sequence of the bobbin 19, the maximum force is achieved.
  • the two coils 23 are axially spatially separated from one another by a non-conducting distance region 30 of the coil carrier 19, but are electrically connected to one another via the winding wire. Since the two coils 23 are also wound in opposite directions, a mutual inductance is avoided.
  • the air gap 24 should be sized so wide that between the parts 15, 19 a laminar lubricating film without displacement of the coil carrier 19th or adjusts the magnetic cylinder tube surrounding fluid.
  • magnetic module having the described structure of the permanent magnet 16 generates in the entire, between magnetic cylinder tube 15 and housing shell 11 existing air gap 24, 25 in the coil 23 a radially from the inside out directed homogeneous magnetic field, which according to the flow direction 31 can close over the magnetically conductive, annular housing shell 11.
  • the DC-current-carrying coils 23 are deflected in a homogeneous magnetic field with a force proportional to the coil current, the magnetic air gap induction and the number of turns of the two coils 23 transversely to the magnetic field direction.
  • the current arranged on the movable coil support 19 coils 23 a current through highly flexible, not shown in detail cable is supplied.
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 2 differs from the embodiment shown in Figure 1 essentially in that a multiple arrangement of resulting from Figure 1 magnetic modules with a central permanent magnet 16 and outer pole plates 17 is met in the magnetic cylinder tube 15, wherein the two each spaced permanent magnet 16 associated pole plates 17 are combined into a single, consequently wider pole plate, wherein the wider pole plates 17 associated coils 23 a corresponding width plus the provided and the stroke amplitude of the bobbin corresponding overlap is attached.
  • the embodiment shown in Figure 3 basically corresponds in its construction to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, wherein at the outer ends of the magnetic cylinder tube 15 each have an additional edge magnet 26 is arranged in its magnetic strength on the balance of occurring at the ends of the magnetic cylinder tube 15 magnetic Stray flux is tuned such that this leakage flux is compensated by the magnetic flux of the edge magnets 26. Therefore, the relationship for the ratio of the size of permanent magnets 16 and associated pole plates 17 is not the same for the design of the edge magnets.
  • the edge magnets 26 In order for the edge magnets 26 to be effective, they must be connected to the housing 10 made of magnetically conductive material, so that can set a corresponding magnetic flux. This is realized on the side facing away from the plunger 22 of the magnetic cylinder tube 15 characterized in that the relevant end face 12 of the housing 10 and the correspondingly arranged spacer 18 now consist of a magnetically conductive material.
  • radially inwardly jumping magnetic conductive holder 27 are provided with thereto axially attached claw poles 28 to form a magnetically conductive connection to the edge magnet arranged there, wherein the claw poles 28 between the spokes 21 of the support star 20 of the bobbin 19th grab ( Figure 4) and get into contact with the outer edge magnet 26 of the magnetic cylinder 15.
  • the magnetically conductive holders 27 may, for example, also be designed as a peripheral disk connected to the housing jacket 11, starting from the claw poles.
  • the claw poles 28 are suitable for forming an anti-twist device for the carrier star 20 of the coil carrier 19 with plunger 22 or to serve as a holder for the sensor of a position measuring system.
  • FIG. 6 Another possibility to use the advantages of the actuator shown in Figures 3 and 4 is shown in Figure 6, in which the housing 10 is open on both sides with correspondingly arranged on both sides claw poles 28, so that the bobbin 19 according to both end faces on a supporting star 20 can be provided with projecting from both sides of the housing 10 ram 22; This is an actuation of connected units in both directions of movement of the bobbin 19 in the housing 10 is given. Since, in turn, the magnetic cylinder tube 15 is clamped firmly on the mutually arranged, housing-fixed claw poles 28, the two-sided support of the magnetic cylinder tube 15 is realized without the bilateral actuation is hindered on the two-sided plunger 22.
  • FIG. 7 Another difference between the embodiments shown in Figure 6 and in Figures 3 and 5 is that in the embodiment of Figure 6, a central pole plate 17 is arranged, on both sides of each a permanent magnet 16 is located in the magnetic cylinder tube 15. These outer permanent magnets 16 at the same time take over the function of the edge magnets still provided in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 5, so that these edge magnets can be dispensed with, with the otherwise identical force effect. This results in a saving of magnetic material. As can be seen from FIG. 7, such an arrangement can also be realized with a sequence of a plurality of pole discs 17 and permanent magnets 16.
  • FIG. 8 shows by way of example how a coil carrier 19 can be formed.
  • recesses 35 are inserted in the illustrated embodiment in the outer surface of the bobbin, in which the coils 23 are wound.
  • the recesses 35 or coils 23 are coated or potted with a protective layer 36, so that a correspondingly smooth outer circumference for the coil carrier 19 results, which allows the setting of small air gaps 24, 25.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Reciprocating, Oscillating Or Vibrating Motors (AREA)
  • Electromagnets (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
  • Fluid-Driven Valves (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to an actuator for actuating a valve installed in a hydraulic or compressed air system comprising a coil support which can be displaced by means of air space induction in a magnetically conducting housing on a magnetic cylinder composed of a permanent magnet and a cylinder pole disk. The invention is characterized in that the dimensions of the permanent magnet and the pole disk correspond to each other in such a way that the diameter of the front surface of the permanent magnet is at least the same size as the circumferential surface of a neighboring pole disk and that the width of the coil associated with the pole disk exceeds the width of the pole disk by the lift amplitude of the coil support. According to the invention, the actuator for actuating a valve used in fluidic engineering is disposed in such a way that the coil support is displaceable in a fluidic medium and the air gap arranged between the coil support and a magnetic cylinder pipe surrounding the permanent magnet and the associated pole disk has a maximum width whereby a laminated lubricating film is formed without displacing the surrounding fluid.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Aktuator zur Betätigung eines Ventils, mit einem aus magnetisch leitendem Material bestehenden Gehäusemantel, einem einen Betätigungsansatz aufweisenden, in dem Gehäusemantel unter Ausbildung eines dazu bestehenden Luftspaltes beweglichen Spulenträger mit wenigstens einer auf dessen Umfang gewickelten, stromdurchflossenen Spule sowie mit einem von dem Spulenträger unter Ausbildung eines Luftspaltes umschlossenen Magnetzylinder mit einer in dessen Innerem axial angeordneten Abfolge von Permanentmagnet und aus einem magnetisch leitenden Material bestehender Polscheibe, wobei die axiale Breite der Spule größer ist als die axiale Länge der der Spule zugeordneten Polscheibe.The invention relates to an actuator for actuating a valve, comprising a housing jacket made of magnetically conductive material, an actuating lug having, in the housing shell to form an existing air gap movable coil carrier with at least one wound on its circumference, current-carrying coil and with one of the Spool support with the formation of an air gap enclosed magnetic cylinder with an axially arranged in its interior sequence of permanent magnet and a magnetically conductive material existing pole disk, wherein the axial width of the coil is greater than the axial length of the coil associated pole plate.

Ein Aktuator mit den vorgenannten Merkmalen ist in der US 5 345 206 beschrieben, der im Grundsatz auch zur Betätigung eines Ventils einsetzbar ist. Der bekannte Aktuator besteht aus einem einseitig geschlossenen, vollständig aus einem magnetisch leitenden Material bestehenden Gehäuse, in welchem der mit einem Betätigungsansatz aus dem Gehäuse herausfahrbare Spulenträger beweglich ist. Der bekannte Aktuator zeichnet sich dadurch aus, dass die Polscheiben gegenüber den benachbart angeordneten Permanentmagneten schmal ausgebildet sind und die auf dem Spulenträger gewickelten Spulen gegenüber den zugeordneten schmalen Polscheiben eine sehr viel größere Breite aufweisen.An actuator with the aforementioned features is described in US Pat. No. 5,345,206, which in principle can also be used to actuate a valve. The known actuator consists of a one-sided closed, completely made of a magnetically conductive material housing in which the movable out with an actuating approach from the housing coil carrier is movable. The known actuator is characterized in that the pole disks are narrow compared to the adjacent arranged permanent magnets and wound on the bobbin Coils relative to the associated narrow pole discs have a much greater width.

Mit dieser Konfiguration soll bei dem bekannten Aktuator aufgrund einer magnetischen Sättigung der schmalen Polscheiben bewusst ein von den Permanentmagneten auf die die Permanentmagneten überlappenden Spulen einwirkendes Streufeld erzeugt werden. Dabei wird der Nachteil in Kauf genommen, dass der von dem Permanentmagneten zur Verfügung gestellte magnetische Fluss nicht vollständig in einen die Bewegung des Spulenträgers herbeiführenden Nutzfluss umsetzbar ist und die Feldlinien zu einem großen Teil im Luftspalt eine längere Wegstrecke neben den Polbereichen überwinden müssen, wozu eine größere Menge an Magnetmaterial erforderlich ist. Da zum Erfassen des Streuflusses die Spulen mit einer die Breite der zugeordneten Polscheibe weit überlappenden Abmessung ausgeführt sind, befindet sich relativ viel Spulenmaterial auf dem Spulenträger. Damit ist in nachteiliger Weise nicht nur die bei der Funktion des Aktuators zu bewegende Masse - des Spulenträgers vergrößert, vielmehr führt die Bestromung einer mit entsprechender.Wicklungsmasse ausgebildeten Spule auch zu einer entsprechend starken Erwärmung der Spule. Diese Erwärmung belastet den Wärmehaushalt des Aktuators und führt auch zu einem entsprechenden Ausdehnungsverhalten des einzelnen Spulenkörpers mit einer daraus folgenden Beeinflussung der Abmessung des vorgesehenen Luftspaltes und einer Begrenzung der maximal möglichen Energiedichte.With this configuration, in the known actuator due to a magnetic saturation of the narrow pole discs to be generated by the permanent magnets on the permanent magnets overlapping coils acting stray field. The disadvantage is that the magnetic flux provided by the permanent magnet can not be completely converted into a useful flow causing the movement of the coil carrier and the field lines have to overcome for a large part in the air gap a longer distance next to the pole regions, for which purpose larger amount of magnetic material is required. Since for detecting the leakage flux, the coils are designed with a width of the associated pole disc far overlapping dimension, there is a relatively large amount of coil material on the bobbin. Thus, disadvantageously, not only the mass to be moved in the function of the actuator - the coil carrier is increased, but the energization of a coil formed with a corresponding winding mass also leads to a correspondingly high heating of the coil. This heating loads the heat balance of the actuator and also leads to a corresponding expansion behavior of the individual bobbin with a consequent influence on the dimension of the intended air gap and a limitation of the maximum possible energy density.

Ein ähnlich aufgebauter Aktuator ist aus der US 5 745 019 bekannt; soweit bei dieser Bauform der Spulenträger bereits in einem fluidischen Medium beweglich ist, handelt es sich bei dem Medium um ein magnetisches Fluid, welches zur Verbesserung des magnetischen Flusses innerhalb des Aktuators vorgesehen ist. Da derartige magnetische Fluide ihrer Natur nach eine entsprechend hohe Viskosität aufweisen, entsteht bei der Bewegung des Spulenträgers in dem Fluid Reibungswärme und es stellen sich eher bewegungshemmende Effekte ein.A similarly constructed actuator is known from US 5,745,019; as far as in this design of the coil carrier already is movable in a fluidic medium, the medium is a magnetic fluid which is provided to improve the magnetic flux within the actuator. Since such magnetic fluids inherently have a correspondingly high viscosity, frictional heat is generated during the movement of the coil carrier in the fluid and movement-inhibiting effects are more likely to occur.

Diese Nachteile führen dazu, dass ein bekannter Aktuator ' zur Steuerung bzw. Betätigung von in der Fluidtechnik, also bei nicht-magnetischen Fluiden eingesetzten Ventilen nicht brauchbar ist, und daher liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Aktuator mit den eingangs genannten Merkmalen für den Einsatz in der Fluidtechnik einzurichten. Fluidtechnik meint dabei insbesondere die Betätigung von in der Hydraulik sowie in der Drucklufttechnik eingesetzten Ventilen.These disadvantages mean that a known actuator 'for controlling or actuation of valves used in fluid technology, so non-magnetic fluids is not useful, and therefore the invention has for its object to provide an actuator with the features mentioned for the Set up use in fluid technology. Fluid technology means in particular the operation of valves used in hydraulics and in compressed air technology.

Die Lösung dieser Aufgabe ergibt sich einschließlich vorteilhafter Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Erfindung aus dem Inhalt der Patentansprüche, welche dieser Beschreibung nachgestellt sind.The solution to this problem arises, including advantageous refinements and developments of the invention from the content of the claims, which are adjusted to this description.

Die Erfindung sieht in ihrem Grundgedanken vor, dass die Größenabmessungen von Permanentmagnet und Polscheibe derart aufeinander abgestimmt sind, dass die stirnseitige Querschnittsfläche des Permanentmagneten mindestens der Umfangsfläche einer benachbarten Polscheibe entspricht und' dass die Breite der der Polscheibe zugeordneten Spule die Breite der Polscheibe um die Hubamplitude des Spulenträgers überlappt, und dass der Aktuator zur Betätigung eines auf dem Gebiet der Hydraulik eingerichteten. Ventils dadurch eingerichtet ist und der Spulenträger Ausnehmungen zur Aufnahme der Spulen aufweist derart, dass sich zwischen Spulenträger und Magnetzylinderrohr ein laminarer Schmierfilm im Sinne einer Gleitlagerung des Spulenträgers auf dem Magnetzylinderrohr ohne Verdrängung der umgebenden Hydraulikflüssigkeit einstellt.The invention provides in its basic idea that the size dimensions of the permanent magnet and pole disk are matched to one another such that the frontal cross-sectional area of the permanent magnet corresponds at least to the circumferential area of an adjacent pole disk and 'that the width of the spool associated coil the width of the pole disk to the stroke amplitude of the bobbin overlaps, and that the actuator for operating a set up in the field of hydraulics. Valve is thereby established and the bobbin recesses for receiving the coils has such that adjusts between coil carrier and magnetic cylinder tube a laminar lubricating film in the sense of a sliding bearing of the bobbin on the magnetic cylinder tube without displacement of the surrounding hydraulic fluid.

Mit der Erfindung ist der Vorteil verbunden, dass zunächst der nicht zur Krafteinwirkung auf den Spulenträger beitragende Streufluss dadurch gering gehalten ist, dass der gesamte magnetische Fluss im Bereich der Polscheibe radial auf dem geometrisch kürzesten Weg durch denThe invention has the advantage that initially the non-contributing to the force acting on the coil carrier leakage flux is thereby kept low, that the entire magnetic flux in the region of the pole disk radially on the shortest geometric path through the

Luftspalt zwischen Magnetzylinderrohr und Gehäuse bzw. Gehäusemantel geführt ist, so dass alle Spulenleiter mit der maximalen Luftspaltinduktion beaufschlagt sind. Damit dies während der gesamten axialen Bewegung des Spulenträgers relativ zum feststehenden Magnetzylinderrohr gewährleistet ist, ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß die Breite der der Polscheibe zugeordneten Spule die Breite der Polscheibe um die Hubamplitude des Spulenträgers überlappt Soweit hierdurch die Ausdehnung der Spulen auf das notwendige Maß begrenzt ist, ergibt sich in vorteilhafter Weise eine Anordnung von Spulen mit kleinstmöglicher Selbstinduktivität und einem geringen Wicklungsgewicht.Air gap between the magnetic cylinder tube and housing or housing shell is performed so that all the coil conductors are subjected to the maximum air gap induction. This is ensured during the entire axial movement of the bobbin relative to the stationary magnetic cylinder tube, the invention provides that the width of the pole disc associated coil overlaps the width of the pole disk to the stroke amplitude of the bobbin insofar as this is the extent of the coils is limited to the necessary extent , results in an advantageous arrangement of coils with the lowest possible self-inductance and a low winding weight.

Soweit maßgeblich für den erfindungsgemäß zu vermeidenden Streufluss auch die Größe des Luftspaltes zwischen dem. Spulenträger und dem Magnetzylinderrohr ist, sieht die Erfindung eine Einstellung eines kleinstmöglichen Luftspaltes dadurch vor, dass die Spulen in an dem Spulenträger ausgebildeten Ausnehmungen hineingewickelt sind, so dass sich zwischen Spulenträger und Magnetzylinderohr ein laminarer Schmierfilm ohne Verdrängung der umgebenden Hydraulikflüssigkeit einstellt. Im einzelnen weist der aus elektrisch nicht leitenden Material, beispielsweise aus Kunststoff, Hartgewebe oder Keramik bestehende Spulenträger Ausnehmungen zur Aufnahme der Spulen auf, in welche die einzelnen Spulen hineingewickelt sind. Mit dieser Ausbildung wird einerseits dem Gesichtspunkt des Einsatzes des Aktuators in der Hydraulik in besonderer Weise Rechnung getragen, weil sich eine Art Gleitlagerung des Spulenträgers auf dem Magnetzylinderrohr mit geringstmöglichen Reibungsverlusten einstellt, wobei die durch die axiale Bewegung des Spulenträgers in der Hydraulikflüssigkeit hervorgerufene Verdrängung der den Spulenträger umgebenden Hydraulikfl.üssigkiet auf der Außenseite des Spulenträgers erfolgt. Die Hydraulikflüssigkeit sorgt dabei selbst für die Ausbildung des Schmierfilms.Insofar as decisive for the leakage flux to be avoided in accordance with the invention, the size of the air gap between the. Spool carrier and the magnetic cylinder tube, the invention provides an adjustment of a smallest possible air gap in that the coils are wound into formed on the bobbin recesses, so that adjusts a laminar lubricating film between the bobbin and magnetic cylinder tube without displacement of the surrounding hydraulic fluid. In particular, the coil carrier consisting of electrically non-conductive material, for example made of plastic, hard tissue or ceramic, has recesses for receiving the coils, into which the individual coils are wound. With this training, on the one hand the aspect of the use of the actuator in the hydraulics is taken into account in a special way, because a kind of plain bearing of the bobbin on the magnetic cylinder tube sets with the lowest possible friction losses, wherein caused by the axial movement of the bobbin in the hydraulic fluid displacement of the the bobbin surrounding Hydraulikfl.üssigkiet done on the outside of the bobbin. The hydraulic fluid itself ensures the formation of the lubricating film.

Zur Ausbildung eines auf das von dem Aktuator beeinflusste Ventil einwirkenden Betätigungsansatzes kann vorgesehen sein, dass der hülsenförmige Spulenträger an seiner einen Stirnseite mit einem radial einwärts springende Speichen aufweisenden Tragstern versehen ist, in dessen Zentrum ein aus dem Gehäuse vorstehender Stößel als Betätigungsansatz angeschlossen ist.In order to form an actuating projection acting on the valve influenced by the actuator, it can be provided that the sleeve-shaped coil carrier is provided with a star-shaped radially inwardly projecting spokes, in the center of which a plunger projecting from the housing is connected as an actuating projection.

In einer ersten Ausführungsform hinsichtlich der Ausbildung des Aktuatorgehäuses sieht die Erfindung vor, dass der Gehäusemantel Bestandteil eines geschlossenen und den beweglichen Spulenträger sowie das Magnetzylinderrohr aufnehmenden Gehäuses ist, wobei der Stößel die zugeordnete Stirnwand des Gehäuses in einer Öffnung durchgreift.In a first embodiment with regard to the design of the actuator housing, the invention provides that the housing shell is part of a closed and the movable coil carrier and the magnetic cylinder receiving housing, wherein the plunger engages through the associated end wall of the housing in an opening.

Soweit sich ein unerwünschter Streufluss insbesondere an dem der den Tragstern des Spulenträgers abgewandten Stirnwand des Gehäuses benachbarten Permanentmagneten bzw. an der Polscheibe einstellt, ist bei einem vollständig aus leitendem Material bestehenden Gehäuse vorgesehen, dass zwischen dem Ende des Magnetzylinderrohres und der Stirnwand des Gehäuses ein Distanzstück aus einem magnetisch nicht leitendem Material angeordnet ist. Alternativ kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Stirnwand des Gehäuses aus einem magnetisch nicht leitenden Material besteht.As far as an undesirable leakage flux, in particular adjoins the permanent magnet or the pole disk adjacent to the supporting star of the bobbin end wall of the housing, is provided in a completely made of conductive material housing, that between the end of the magnetic cylinder tube and the end wall of the housing a spacer is arranged from a magnetically non-conductive material. Alternatively it can be provided that the end wall of the housing consists of a magnetically non-conductive material.

Bezüglich einer Grundausführung von Spulenträger und Magnetzylinder sieht die Erfindung ein Magnetmodul vor, welches von einem in dem Magnetzylinder mittig angeordneten Permanentmagneten und von zwei außenseitig angeordneten Polscheiben gebildet ist, wobei im Magnetmodul jeder Polscheibe auf dem Spulenträger eine Teilspule zugeordnet ist, wobei die Teilspulen eines Magnetmoduls gegensinnig gewickelt und miteinander mechanisch und elektrisch verbunden sind, so daß auch eine Gegeninduktion vermieden ist.With respect to a basic embodiment of coil carrier and magnetic cylinder, the invention provides a magnetic module which is formed by a permanent magnet arranged centrally in the magnet cylinder and two pole discs arranged on the outside, wherein in the magnet module each pole disc on the coil carrier is assigned a partial coil, wherein the partial coils of a magnetic module wound in opposite directions and connected to each other mechanically and electrically, so that a mutual induction is avoided.

Nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist vorgesehen, dass innerhalb des Gehäusemantels des Aktuators ein einziges Magnetmodul angeordnet ist. Durch den damit verbundenen kompakten, symmetrischen Aufbau des Magnetmoduls wird aufgrund der erfindungsgemäß relativ geringen magnetischen Streuverluste eine relativ größere Kraftdichte erzeugt, die in Verbindung mit einer geringen Massenträgheit des Spulenträgers einschließlich darauf gewickelter Spulen schnelle Wechselbewegungen bzw. eine schnelle einseitige Auslenkung des Spulenträgers erlaubt. Dabei sind die Selbstinduktivitäten der Teilspulen gering gehalten, so dass derart schnelle Stromänderungen ermöglicht sind, dass zum Beispiel Hubverstellungen über einige Millimeter in wenigen Millisekunden erreichbar sind.According to one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a single magnet module is arranged within the housing jacket of the actuator. Due to the compact, symmetrical design of the magnetic module associated therewith, a relatively larger force density is generated due to the inventively relatively low magnetic leakage losses, which allows in conjunction with a low inertia of the bobbin including wound thereon coils fast exchange movements or a fast one-sided deflection of the bobbin. The self-inductances of the coil sections are kept low, so that such rapid changes in current are possible that, for example, stroke adjustments over a few millimeters can be achieved in a few milliseconds.

Soweit sich aufgrund der erfindungsgemäßen Abmessungsbeziehungen für das Größenverhältnis von Permanentmagnet und Polscheibe einerseits sowie Polscheibe und Spulenwicklung andererseits insbesondere bei einer angestrebten kleinen Baugröße des erfindungsgemäßen Aktuators nur kurze axiale Magnetlängen ergeben, kann je nach Einsatzzweck die von einem einzelnen Permanentmagneten ausgehende Induktion für die gewünschte Bewegung des Spulenträgers nicht ausreichen. Daher ist nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass innerhalb des Gehäusemantels mehrere Magnetmodule axial hintereinander angeordnet sind, wobei sich axial gleiche Pole des Permanentmagneten jedes Magnetmoduls gegenüberliegen. Hierbei kann vorgesehen sein, dass die außenliegenden Polscheiben eines jeden Magnetmoduls zu einer einstückigen Verbindungspolscheibe zusammengefügt sind.As far as only short axial magnet lengths result due to the dimensional relationships according to the invention for the size ratio of permanent magnet and pole disc on the one hand and Polscheibe and coil winding on the other hand, especially at a desired small size of the actuator according to the invention, depending on the purpose of emanating from a single permanent magnet induction not sufficient for the desired movement of the bobbin. Therefore, according to one embodiment of the invention, it is provided that a plurality of magnetic modules are arranged axially one behind the other within the housing shell, with axially identical poles of the permanent magnet facing each magnet module. In this case, it can be provided that the outer pole disks of each magnet module are joined together to form an integral connecting pole disk.

Soweit sich bei einer wechselweisen Anordnung von Permanentmagnet und Polscheibe im Magnetzylinderrohr im Bereich von an den äußeren Enden liegenden Polscheiben eine Verluststreuung ergibt, indem der von dem innen liegenden Permanentmagneten ausgehende Magnetfluss in der Polscheibe nicht vollständig in Richtung der die Polscheibe überdeckenden Spule umgelenkt wird, ist nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass an den durch die außenliegenden Polscheiben des Magnetmoduls oder der Magnetmodule gebildeten Enden des Magnetzylinderrohres jeweils ein in seiner Stärke auf den Ausgleich des an den Enden des Magnetzylinderrohres auftretenden magnetischen Streuflusses abgestimmter Randmagnet angeordnet und mit dem aus magnetisch leitendem Material bestehenden Gehäusemantel verbunden ist, so dass sich der von dem Randmagneten ausgehende magnetische Fluss über das mit dem Randmagneten verbundene Gehäuse schließt. Da der Randmagnet nur die Streuverluste im Bereich der zugehörigen Polscheibe auszugleichen hat, braucht er nicht die gleiche axiale Abmessung aufzuweisen wie der im Magnetträger jeweils angeordnete Hauptmagnet bzw. die Hauptmagnete.Insofar as with an alternating arrangement of permanent magnet and pole disk in the magnetic cylinder tube in the region of the outer ends of the pole discs results in a loss dispersion by the emanating from the inner permanent magnet magnetic flux in the pole disc is not completely deflected in the direction of the pole disc covering coil is according to one embodiment of the invention, that arranged on the formed by the outer pole discs of the magnetic module or the magnetic modules ends of the magnetic cylinder tube each one in its strength on the balance of the magnetic flux leakage occurring at the ends of the magnetic cylinder tube arranged Rand magnet and with the magnetically conductive material existing housing jacket is connected so that the outgoing of the edge magnet magnetic flux via the connected to the edge magnet housing closes. Since the edge magnet only has to compensate for the scattering losses in the region of the associated pole disk, it does not need to have the same axial dimension as the main magnet or the main magnets respectively arranged in the magnet carrier.

Hierbei bietet es sich bei einem im Bereich des Stößel einseitig offenen Gehäuse an, wenn nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung auf der geschlossenen Gehäuseseite der innere Randmagnet des Magnetzylinderrohres an der aus magnetisch leitendem Material bestehenden Stirnwand des Gehäuses anliegt.In this case, it lends itself to a housing which is open on one side in the region of the plunger, if, according to one embodiment of the invention, the inner edge magnet of the magnetic cylinder tube rests on the end wall of the housing made of magnetically conductive material on the closed housing side.

Um einen derartigen Ausgleich von Streuverlusten auch auf der im Bereich des Stößels offenen Seite des Gehäuses vornehmen zu können, ist nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung vorgesehen, dass das Gehäuse an seiner offener Stirnseite radial einwärts springende und axial zwischen die Speichen des Tragsterns des Spulenträgers greifende Klauenpole aus magnetisch leitendem Material aufweist, die in einer magnetisch haftenden Verbindung mit dem zugeordneten Randmagneten des Magnetzylinders bzw. des Magnetzylinderrohres stehen. Hiermit ist der besondere Vorteil verbunden, dass wegen des sich zwischen dem magnetisch leitenden Gehäuse bzw. den Klauenpolen und den Randmagneten des Magnetzylinders einstellenden magnetischen Kraftflusses der Magnetzylinder bzw. das Magnetzylinderrohr in dem Gehäuse ohne weitere Befestigungselemente unverrückbar eingespannt ist. Dabei sind die magnetischen Haltekräfte so groß, dass auch große äußere Kräfte die Lage des Magnetzylinders bzw. des Magnetzylinderrohres im Gehäuse kaum zu ändern vermögen.In order to make such a compensation of stray losses on the open side of the housing in the plunger, is provided according to an embodiment of the invention that the housing on its open front side radially inwardly jumping and axially between the spokes of the supporting star of the bobbin claw poles has magnetically conductive material, which are in a magnetically adhesive connection with the associated edge magnet of the magnetic cylinder and the magnetic cylinder tube. This is associated with the particular advantage that, because of the magnetic force flux which arises between the magnetically conductive housing or the claw poles and the edge magnets of the magnetic cylinder, the magnetic cylinder or magnetic cylinder tube is immovably clamped in the housing without further fastening elements. The magnetic holding forces are so great that even large external forces are hardly able to change the position of the magnetic cylinder or the magnetic cylinder tube in the housing.

Diese Art der Festlegung des Magnetzylinders bzw. des Magnetzylinderrohres in dem Gehäuse erlaubt es auch, nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung den Gehäusemantel beidseitig offen mit an seinen beiden Enden ausgebildeten Klauenpolen auszubilden, wobei der in dem Gehäusemantel bewegliche Spulenträger an beiden Stirnseiten jeweils einen Tragstern mit davon abragendem Stößel aufweisen kann.This type of fixing the magnetic cylinder or the magnetic cylinder tube in the housing also makes it possible according to an embodiment of the invention, the housing shell open on both sides with formed at its two ends claw poles, wherein the movable in the housing shell coil support at both end faces in each case a supporting star with it may have protruding ram.

Im einzelnen kann vorgesehen sein, dass die Klauenpole den zwischen den Speichen des Tragsterns bestehenden Lücken formentsprechend ausgebildet sind.Specifically, it can be provided that the claw poles are designed to correspond to the existing between the spokes of the star carrier gaps.

Mit der Fixierung des Magnetzylinders bzw. des Magnetzylinderrohres im Gehäuse ist die Möglichkeit geschaffen, dass die Klauenpole eine Verdrehsicherung für den Tragstern mit Stößel bilden, soweit beim Zusammenwirken des Aktuators mit einem in der Fluidtechnik eingesetzten Ventil beim Anfahren des Ventils Verdrehkräfte auch auf den Stößel und damit über den Tragstern auf den Spulenträger übertragen werden können. Um eine flächenmäßige Kontaktreibung zwischen feststehenden Klauenpolen und dem Spulenträger bei dessen Verschiebung zu vermeiden, kann nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung vorgesehen sein, dass wenigstens ein Klauenpol einen gegen die zugeordnete Speiche des Tragsterns beispielsweise höckerförmig oder linienförmig anliegenden Vorsprung aufweist, so dass eine Flächenreibung vermieden und nur eine Punktreibung bzw. Linienreibung zugelassen ist. Entsprechend kann ein Vorsprung auch an einer Speiche ausgebildet sein und gegen den Klauenpol anliegen.With the fixation of the magnetic cylinder or the magnetic cylinder tube in the housing, the possibility is created that the claw poles form an anti-rotation device for the star carrier with plunger, as far as the interaction of the actuator with a valve used in fluid technology when starting the valve torsional forces on the plunger and so that it can be transmitted to the spool carrier via the carrier star. In order to avoid an areal contact friction between fixed claw poles and the coil support during its displacement, according to one embodiment of the invention it can be provided that at least one claw pole has, for example, a hump-shaped or linearly abutting projection against the associated spoke of the support star, so that surface friction is avoided and only one point friction or line friction is allowed. Accordingly, a projection may also be formed on a spoke and bear against the claw pole.

Weiterhin ergibt sich in vorteilhafter Weise die Möglichkeit, dass ein Klauenpol und/oder der zwischen Klauenpol und Gehäuse bzw. zwischen den beidseitigen Klauenpolen eingespannte Magnetzylinder bzw. das Magnetzylinderrohr eine feste Halterung für den Sensor eines Wegmeßsystems gegenüber dem Gehäuse ausbilden, so dass die Messergebnisse des Wegmeßsystems verfälschende Bewegungen des Trägers des Sensors ausgeschlossen sind.Furthermore, there is advantageously the possibility that a claw pole and / or the magnetic cylinder clamped between claw pole and housing or between the two-sided claw poles or the magnetic cylinder tube form a fixed support for the sensor of a position measuring system relative to the housing, so that the measurement results of Position measuring system distorting movements of the wearer of the sensor are excluded.

Der Aufbau eines Magnetmoduls bzw. der mehreren Magnetmodule kann nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung auch dergestalt sein, dass ein Magnetmodul von einer in dem Magnetzylinderrohr mittig angeordneten Polscheibe und von zwei jeweils außenseitig angeordneten Permanentmagneten gebildet ist, wobei sich axial gleiche Pole der Permanentmagneten gegenüberstehen und auf dem Spulenträger eine der mittig angeordneten Polscheibe zugeordnete Spule gewickelt ist. Hiermit ist der Vorteil verbunden, dass die an den äußeren Enden des Magnetzylinderrohres angeordneten Permanentmagneten gleichzeitig als Randmagnete wirken und damit eine unmittelbare Festlegung des Magnetzylinderrohres zwischen Klauenpolen und Gehäuse bzw. zwischen den beidseitig angeordneten gehäusefesten Klauenpolen erlauben. Diese Anordnung bietet ferner im Vergleich mit einer zusätzlichen Anordnung von Randmagneten die vorteilhafte Möglichkeit, die Anzahl der Magnete bei gleich ausgelegter Kraftwirkung zu reduzieren. Entsprechend einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung können auch zwischen zwei außenliegenden Permanentmagneten mehrere im Wechsel angeordnete Polscheiben und Permanentmagnete angeordnet sein.The structure of a magnetic module or the plurality of magnetic modules according to an embodiment of the invention may also be such that a magnetic module is formed by a pole disc centrally disposed in the magnetic cylinder tube and two each outside arranged permanent magnet, wherein axially equal poles of the permanent magnet facing each other and on the coil carrier is wound one of the centrally arranged pole disc associated coil. This has the advantage that the arranged at the outer ends of the magnetic cylinder tube permanent magnets act simultaneously as edge magnets and thus allow immediate fixing of the magnetic cylinder tube between claw poles and housing or between the arranged on both sides housing fixed claw poles. This arrangement also offers in comparison with an additional arrangement of edge magnets, the advantageous possibility of reducing the number of magnets with the same force applied. According to an embodiment of the invention, a plurality of alternately arranged pole discs and permanent magnets can be arranged between two outer permanent magnets.

Nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung kann vorgesehen sein, dass zwischen Tragstern des Spulenträgers und dem stirnseitigen Ende des Magnetzylinderrohrqp eine vorgespannte Feder zur Beaufschlagung des Stößels in dessen Koppelstellung mit einem an den Aktuator angeschlossenen Ventil angeordnet ist.According to one embodiment of the invention can be provided that is arranged between the supporting star of the bobbin and the front end of Maglaßzylinderrohrqp a biased spring for acting on the plunger in its coupling position with a valve connected to the actuator.

Weiterhin kann nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung vorgesehen sein, dass die in den Ausnehmungen des Spulenträgers gewickelten Spulen noch von einer Schutzschicht überlagert sind, so dass der mit Spulen versehene Spulenträger jeweils eine glatte Oberfläche aufweist. Mit einer solchen Ausbildung des Spulenträgers lassen sich sehr kleine Luftspalte zwischen dem Spulenträger und dem Magnetzylinderrohr einerseits bzw. dem Gehäusemantel andererseits realisieren.Furthermore, according to one embodiment of the invention, it may be provided that the coils wound in the recesses of the coil carrier are still superimposed by a protective layer, so that the coil carrier provided with coils has in each case a smooth surface. With such a design of the bobbin can be very small air gaps between the bobbin and the magnetic cylinder tube on the one hand and the housing shell on the other hand realize.

Schließlich kann nach einem Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung vorgesehen sein, dass auf der Innenseite des Gehäusemantels in dessen Längsrichtung verlaufende Nuten für den Durchtritt des bei Axialbewegung des Spulenträgers im Gehäusemantel verdrängten Fluides angeordnet sind; hierdurch kann trotz der bei der Bewegung des Spulenträgers in dem ihn umgebenden Fluid erforderlichen Verdrängung ein kleiner Luftspalt zwischen dem Spulenträger und dem Gehäusemantel realisiert werden. Entsprechende Nuten können gegebenenfalls auch auf dem äußeren Umfang des Spulenträgers vorgesehen sein.Finally, according to an exemplary embodiment of the invention, provision can be made for grooves extending in the longitudinal direction of the inside of the housing shell to pass through the fluid displaced in the housing jacket during axial movement of the coil carrier; In this way, in spite of the displacement required during the movement of the coil carrier in the fluid surrounding it, a small air gap can be realized between the coil carrier and the housing jacket. Corresponding grooves can optionally also be provided on the outer circumference of the bobbin.

In der Zeichnung sind Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung wiedergegeben, welche nachstehend beschrieben sind. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
einen Aktuator mit einem aus einem zentralen Permanentmagneten und außenliegenden Polscheiben bestehenden Magnetmodul in einem schematischen Längsschnitt,
Fig. 2
einen entsprechend Figur 1 mit mehreren Magnetmodulen aufgebauten Aktuator,
Fig. 3
einen Aktuator gemäß Figur 1 mit zusätzlich angeordneten Randmagneten im Längsschnitt,
Fig. 4
einen Schnitt nach Linie IV - IV in Figur 3,
Fig. 5
den Gegenstand der Figur 3 mit einer Anordnung von mehreren Magnetmodulen,
Fig. 6
eine Ausführungsform des Aktuators gemäß Figur 3 mit beidseitig offenem Gehäuse und entsprechend angeordneten Klauenpolen sowie mit einer zentralen Polscheibe und außenliegenden Hauptmagneten,
Fig. 7
den Gegenstand der Figur 6 mit einer Anordnung von mehreren Hauptmagneten und Polscheiben,
Fig. 8
eine ausschnittsweise Darstellung eines Spulenträgers im Schnitt.
In the drawings, embodiments of the invention are shown, which are described below. Show it:
Fig. 1
an actuator with a consisting of a central permanent magnet and outer pole discs magnetic module in a schematic longitudinal section,
Fig. 2
1 with a plurality of magnetic modules constructed actuator according to FIG.
Fig. 3
an actuator according to Figure 1 with additionally arranged edge magnets in longitudinal section,
Fig. 4
a section along line IV - IV in Figure 3,
Fig. 5
the article of FIG. 3 with an arrangement of several magnetic modules,
Fig. 6
3 shows an embodiment of the actuator according to FIG. 3 with housing open on both sides and correspondingly arranged claw poles as well as with a central pole disk and external main magnet,
Fig. 7
the article of FIG. 6 with an arrangement of a plurality of main magnets and pole disks,
Fig. 8
a fragmentary view of a bobbin in section.

Der aus Figur 1 in einer schematischen Darstellung ersichtliche Aktuator weist ein Gehäuse 10 auf, dessen äußerer Gehäusemantel 11 aus einem magnetisch leitenden Material besteht. Die eine geschlossene Stirnseite 12 des Gehäuses 10 besteht aus noch zu erläuternden Gründen aus einem anderen, nämlich einem magnetisch nichtleitenden Material, während die gegenüberliegende Stirnseite 13 aus magnetisch leitendem Material besteht und eine zentrale Ausnehmung 14 aufweist.The actuator shown in Figure 1 in a schematic representation has a housing 10, the outer casing shell 11 consists of a magnetically conductive material. The one closed end 12 of the housing 10 is made for reasons to be explained from another, namely a magnetically non-conductive material, while the opposite end face 13 consists of magnetically conductive material and has a central recess 14.

Im Inneren des Gehäuses 10 ist ein zylindrisches Magnetzylinderrohr 15 angeordnet und einseitig mit der geschlossenen Stirnseite 12 des Gehäuses 10 verbunden. Das Magnetzylinderrohr 15 besteht aus einem magnetisch nichtleitenden Material. In seinem Inneren ist in einer mittigen Lage ein Permanentmagnet 16 angeordnet, an dessen beiden Stirnseiten jeweils eine Polscheibe 17 sich befindet. Zwischen der der geschlossenen Stirnseite 12 des Gehäuses 10 benachbarten Polscheibe 17 und der vorgenannten Stirnseite 12 ist zusätzlich ein Distanzstück 18 aus einem magnetisch nichtleitenden Material angeordnet, welches den Zweck hat, in Anbetracht der noch zu erläuternden geometrischen Festlegung der Größenverhältnisse von Permanentmagnet 16 und Polscheibe 17 für einen ausreichenden Bewegungsspielraum des noch zu erläuternden Spulenträgers zu schaffen.Inside the housing 10, a cylindrical magnetic cylinder tube 15 is arranged and connected on one side with the closed end face 12 of the housing 10. The magnetic cylinder tube 15 is made of a magnetically non-conductive material. In its interior, a permanent magnet 16 is arranged in a central position, on whose two end faces in each case a pole disk 17 is located. Between the closed end face 12 of the housing 10 adjacent pole plate 17 and the aforementioned end face 12, a spacer 18 is additionally arranged from a magnetically non-conductive material, which has the purpose, in view of the yet to be explained geometrical definition of the size ratios of the permanent magnet 16 and Polscheibe 17th for a sufficient range of motion of the coil carrier to be explained to create.

In dem zwischen dem Magnetzylinderrohr 15 und dem äußeren Gehäusemantel 11 bestehenden Ringraum ist ein hülsenförmiger aus einem magnetisch und elektrisch nichtleitenden Material, beispielsweise aus Kunststoff, Hartgewebe oder Keramik bestehender Spulenträger 19 axial beweglich angeordnet, wobei zwischen dem Magnetzylinder 15 und dem Spulenträger 19 ein Luftspalt 24 und zwischen dem Spulenträger 19 und dem äußeren Gehäusemantel 11 ein Luftspalt 25 angeordnet sind. An der der geschlossenen Stirnseite 12 des Gehäuses abgewandten Seite ist der Spulenträger mit einem aus radial einwärts springenden Speichen 21 gebildeten Tragstern 20 versehen, wobei im Zentrum des Tragsterns 20 ein axial durch die Ausnehmung 14 der Stirnseite 13 des Gehäuses 10 vorstehender Stößel 22 angeordnet und mit dem Tragstern 20 verbunden ist.In which between the magnetic cylinder tube 15 and the outer housing shell 11 existing annulus is a sleeve-shaped made of a magnetically and electrically non-conductive material, such as plastic, hard tissue or ceramic existing coil carrier 19 axially movable, wherein between the magnetic cylinder 15 and the coil support 19, an air gap 24 and between the coil support 19 and the outer housing shell 11, an air gap 25 are arranged , At the side facing away from the closed end 12 of the housing of the coil carrier is provided with a radially inwardly jumping spokes 21 formed star carrier 20, wherein in the center of the support star 20 axially projecting through the recess 14 of the end face 13 of the housing 10 ram 22 and with the support star 20 is connected.

Wie in Figur 1 nur schematisch angeordnet und in Figur 8 etwas deutlicher dargestellt ist, sind auf dem Spulenträger 19 bei dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel zwei aus einem geeigneten Material, vorzugsweise aus Kupfer- oder Aluminiumdraht bestehende Spulen 23 gewickelt, wobei die Spulen 23 jeweils axial die Polscheiben 17 überdecken und zueinander gegensinnig gewickelt sind.As shown in Figure 1 is only schematically arranged and shown somewhat more clearly in Figure 8, two of a suitable material, preferably made of copper or aluminum wire coils 23 are wound on the bobbin 19 in the embodiment shown in Figure 1, wherein the coils 23 respectively axially overlap the pole plates 17 and are wound in opposite directions.

Für eine bei den erfindungsgemäßen Aktuatoren erforderliche hohe Dynamik ist es wesentlich, zum einen die Spulen 23 mit möglichst kleiner Selbstinduktivität und geringem Wicklungsgewicht auszuführen, zum anderen den gesamten, von dem Permanentmagneten 16 ausgehenden magnetischen Fluss möglichst radial im Bereich der Polscheiben 17 durch den zwischen Magnetzylinderrohr 15 und Spulenträger 19 bestehenden Luftspalt 24 zu führen, so dass die auf dem Spulenträger 19 befindlichen Spulen 23 während der gesamten axialen Bewegung des Spulenträgers mit der maximalen Luftspaltinduktion beaufschlagt werden. Um den nicht zur Kraftbildung beitragenden Streufluss möglichst gering zu halten, sind kurze Magnetlängen und kleine Luftspalte anzustreben. Aus diesem Grunde sind, wie in der schematischen Darstellung der Figur 1 nicht zu erkennen, die Größenabmessungen von Permanentmagnet 16 und Polscheiben 17 derart aufeinander abgestimmt, dass die stirnseitige Querschnittsfläche des Permanentmagneten mindestens der Umfangsfläche der jeweiligen Polscheibe entspricht. Verkürzt ist dies dann gegeben, wenn die axiale Magnetlänge sowie die axiale Länge der Polscheiben 17 etwa der Hälfte des Durchmessers des Permanentmagneten 16 entsprechen. Längere Polscheiben sind im Rahmen des Erfindungsgedankens durchaus möglich. Weiterhin muss jede der beiden Spulen 23 die Breite der zugeordneten Polscheibe 17 um die Hubamplitude des Spulenträgers 19 überlappen, damit während des gesamten Bewegungsablaufs des Spulenträgers 19 die größtmögliche Kraft erzielt wird. Die beiden Spulen 23 sind durch einen nichtleitenden Distanzbereich 30 des Spulenträgers 19 axial räumlich voneinander getrennt, jedoch elektrisch über den Wicklungsdraht miteinander verbunden. Da die beiden Spulen 23 zudem gegensinnig gewickelt sind, wird eine Gegeninduktivität vermieden.For a required in the actuators according to the invention high dynamics, it is essential, on the one hand to perform the coils 23 with the smallest possible self-inductance and low winding weight, on the other hand, the entire, emanating from the permanent magnet 16 magnetic flux as radially as possible in the field of pole plates 17 by the between magnetic cylinder tube 15 and bobbin 19 existing air gap 24 to lead, so that the coil located on the coil carrier 19 23 during the entire axial movement of the bobbin with the maximum Air gap induction are applied. In order to keep the stray flux not contributing to the force generation as low as possible, short magnet lengths and small air gaps should be aimed for. For this reason, as can not be seen in the schematic representation of FIG. 1, the size dimensions of permanent magnet 16 and pole disks 17 are matched to one another such that the end-side cross-sectional area of the permanent magnet corresponds at least to the circumferential area of the respective pole disk. Shortened this is given when the axial magnet length and the axial length of the pole plates 17 correspond to approximately half the diameter of the permanent magnet 16. Longer pole discs are quite possible within the scope of the inventive concept. Furthermore, each of the two coils 23 must overlap the width of the associated pole disk 17 by the stroke amplitude of the bobbin 19, so that during the entire movement sequence of the bobbin 19, the maximum force is achieved. The two coils 23 are axially spatially separated from one another by a non-conducting distance region 30 of the coil carrier 19, but are electrically connected to one another via the winding wire. Since the two coils 23 are also wound in opposite directions, a mutual inductance is avoided.

Soweit zur Vermeidung eines nicht ausnutzbaren Streuflusses auch der zwischen Magnetzylinderrohr 15 und Spulenträger 19 bestehende Luftspalt 24 gering zu halten ist, soll der Luftspalt 24 maximal so breit bemessen sein, dass sich zwischen den Teilen 15, 19 ein laminarer Schmierfilm ohne Verdrängung des den Spulenträger 19 bzw. das Magnetzylinderrohr umgebenden Fluids einstellt.As far as to avoid a non-exploitable leakage flux and the magnetic cylinder between tube 15 and coil support 19 existing air gap 24 is to be kept low, the air gap 24 should be sized so wide that between the parts 15, 19 a laminar lubricating film without displacement of the coil carrier 19th or adjusts the magnetic cylinder tube surrounding fluid.

Bei einem in Figur 1 dargestellten Aufbau eines Aktuators mit einem in dem Gehäuse 10 angeordneten Magnetmodul mit dem beschriebenen Aufbau erzeugt der Permanentmagnet 16 im gesamten, zwischen Magnetzylinderrohr 15 und Gehäusemantel 11 bestehenden Luftspalt 24, 25 im Bereich der Spulen 23 ein radial von innen nach außen gerichtetes homogenes Magnetfeld, welches sich gemäß der Flussrichtung 31 über den magnetisch leitenden, ringförmigen Gehäusemantel 11 schließen kann. Die von einem Gleichstrom durchflossenen Spulen 23 sind in einem homogenen Magnetfeld mit einer Kraft proportional dem Spulenstrom, der magnetischen Luftspaltinduktion und der Windungszahl der beiden Spulen 23 quer zur Magnetfeldrichtung ausgelenkt. Hierzu wird den auf dem beweglichen Spulenträger 19 angeordneten Spulen 23 ein Strom durch hochflexible, im einzelnen nicht dargestellte Kabel zugeführt. Eine Auslenkung des Spulenträgers 19 und damit eine axiale Bewegung des Stößels 22 erfolgt solange, wie sich stromdurchflossene Leiter, also die Spulen 23, im Magnetfeld befinden. Erfolgt eine Umschaltung des Stroms, kehrt sich auch die Bewegungsrichtung des Spulenträgers 19 um, so dass eine hin und her gehende Bewegung des Spulenträgers 19 bzw. des von ihm getragenen Stößels 22 entsprechend Pfeil 32 ergibt. Da die in Figur 1 dargestellte Anordnung magnetisch querkraftfrei ist, kann aufgrund der Einstellung des Luftspaltes 24 auf die Ausbildung eines laminaren Schmierfilms der Spulenträger 19 in der Ausnehmung 14 des Gehäuses 10 ohne eine zusätzliche Lagerung geführt werden, was als besonderer Betriebsvorteil zu werten ist.In a structure of an actuator shown in Figure 1 with a arranged in the housing 10 magnetic module having the described structure of the permanent magnet 16 generates in the entire, between magnetic cylinder tube 15 and housing shell 11 existing air gap 24, 25 in the coil 23 a radially from the inside out directed homogeneous magnetic field, which according to the flow direction 31 can close over the magnetically conductive, annular housing shell 11. The DC-current-carrying coils 23 are deflected in a homogeneous magnetic field with a force proportional to the coil current, the magnetic air gap induction and the number of turns of the two coils 23 transversely to the magnetic field direction. For this purpose, the current arranged on the movable coil support 19 coils 23 a current through highly flexible, not shown in detail cable is supplied. A deflection of the bobbin 19 and thus an axial movement of the plunger 22 takes place as long as current-carrying conductor, so the coils 23, are in the magnetic field. If the current is switched over, the direction of movement of the coil carrier 19 also reverses, with the result that a reciprocating movement of the coil carrier 19 or of the ram 22 carried by it corresponds to the arrow 32. Since the arrangement shown in Figure 1 is free of magnetic forces, due to the adjustment of the air gap 24 on the formation of a laminar lubricating film, the coil carrier 19 in the recess 14 of the housing 10 can be performed without additional storage, which is to be regarded as a special operating advantage.

Das in Figur 2 dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel unterscheidet sich von dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel im wesentlichen dadurch, dass eine mehrfache Anordnung von sich aus Figur 1 ergebenden Magnetmodulen mit einem zentralen Permanentmagneten 16 und äußeren Polscheiben 17 in dem Magnetzylinderrohr 15 getroffen ist, wobei die beiden zu jeweils beabstandet angeordneten Permanentmagneten 16 gehörigen Polscheiben 17 zu einer einzigen, demzufolge breiteren Polscheibe zusammengefasst sind, wobei die den breiteren Polscheiben 17 zugeordneten Spulen 23 eine entsprechende Breite zuzüglich der vorgesehenen und der Hubamplitude des Spulenträgers entsprechenden Überlappung beigemessen ist.The embodiment shown in Figure 2 differs from the embodiment shown in Figure 1 essentially in that a multiple arrangement of resulting from Figure 1 magnetic modules with a central permanent magnet 16 and outer pole plates 17 is met in the magnetic cylinder tube 15, wherein the two each spaced permanent magnet 16 associated pole plates 17 are combined into a single, consequently wider pole plate, wherein the wider pole plates 17 associated coils 23 a corresponding width plus the provided and the stroke amplitude of the bobbin corresponding overlap is attached.

Das in Figur 3 dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel entspricht in seinem Aufbau grundsätzlich dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel, wobei an den äußeren Enden des Magnetzylinderrohres 15 jeweils ein zusätzlicher Randmagnet 26 angeordnet ist, der in seiner Magnetstärke auf den Ausgleich des an den Enden des Magnetzylinderrohres 15 auftretenden magnetischen Streuflusses abgestimmt ist derart, dass dieser Streufluss durch den magnetischen Fluss der Randmagnete 26 ausgeglichen wird. Daher gilt auch für die Auslegung der Randmagnete nicht die Beziehung für das Verhältnis der Größe von Permanentmagneten 16 und zugeordneten Polscheiben 17. Damit die Randmagnete 26 ihre Wirkung entfalten können, müssen sie an das aus magnetisch leitendem Material bestehende Gehäuse 10 angeschlossen sein, so dass sich ein entsprechender magnetischer Fluss einstellen kann. Dies ist auf der dem Stößel 22 abgewandten Seite des Magnetzylinderrohres 15 dadurch verwirklicht, dass die diesbezügliche Stirnseite 12 des Gehäuses 10 sowie das entsprechend angeordnete Distanzstück 18 nunmehr aus einem magnetisch leitenden Material bestehen.The embodiment shown in Figure 3 basically corresponds in its construction to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, wherein at the outer ends of the magnetic cylinder tube 15 each have an additional edge magnet 26 is arranged in its magnetic strength on the balance of occurring at the ends of the magnetic cylinder tube 15 magnetic Stray flux is tuned such that this leakage flux is compensated by the magnetic flux of the edge magnets 26. Therefore, the relationship for the ratio of the size of permanent magnets 16 and associated pole plates 17 is not the same for the design of the edge magnets. In order for the edge magnets 26 to be effective, they must be connected to the housing 10 made of magnetically conductive material, so that can set a corresponding magnetic flux. This is realized on the side facing away from the plunger 22 of the magnetic cylinder tube 15 characterized in that the relevant end face 12 of the housing 10 and the correspondingly arranged spacer 18 now consist of a magnetically conductive material.

Auf der der Stirnseite 12 gegenüberliegenden Stirnseite 13 sind zur Ausbildung einer magnetisch leitenden Verbindung zu dem dort angeordneten Randmagnet 26 radial einwärts springende magnetisch leitende Halter 27 mit daran axial angesetzten Klauenpolen 28 vorgesehen, wobei die Klauenpole 28 zwischen die Speichen 21 des Tragsterns 20 des Spulenträgers 19 greifen (Figur 4) und in Anlage an dem äußeren Randmagneten 26 des Magnetzylinders 15 gelangen. Die magnetisch leitenden Halter 27 können beispielsweise dabei auch als eine umlaufende, mit dem Gehäusemantel 11 verbundene Scheibe ausgebildet sein, von der Klauenpole ihren Ausgang nehmen. Aufgrund der sich einstellenden Magnetkräfte ist somit der Magnetzylinder 15 mit der Stirnwand 12 des Gehäuses 10 einerseits und mit den einen Bestandteil des Gehäuses 10 bildenden Klauenpolen 28 andererseits fest verbunden, so dass sich eine stabile und auch einer größeren Krafteinwirkung widerstehende Konfiguration ergibt. Aus diesem Grund eignen sich insbesondere die Klauenpole 28 dazu, eine Verdrehsicherung für den Tragstern 20 des Spulenträgers 19 mit Stößel 22 zu bilden oder auch als Halterung für den Sensor eines Wegmeßsystems zu dienen.On the front side 12 opposite end face 13 radially inwardly jumping magnetic conductive holder 27 are provided with thereto axially attached claw poles 28 to form a magnetically conductive connection to the edge magnet arranged there, wherein the claw poles 28 between the spokes 21 of the support star 20 of the bobbin 19th grab (Figure 4) and get into contact with the outer edge magnet 26 of the magnetic cylinder 15. The magnetically conductive holders 27 may, for example, also be designed as a peripheral disk connected to the housing jacket 11, starting from the claw poles. Due to the self-adjusting magnetic forces thus the magnetic cylinder 15 with the end wall 12 of the housing 10 on the one hand and with a part of the housing 10 forming claw poles 28 on the other hand firmly connected, so that there is a stable and also a larger force resisting configuration. For this reason, in particular the claw poles 28 are suitable for forming an anti-twist device for the carrier star 20 of the coil carrier 19 with plunger 22 or to serve as a holder for the sensor of a position measuring system.

Wie sich aus Figur 5 ergibt, ist es auch bei einem in den Figuren 3 und 4 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Aktuators möglich, in dem Magnetzylinderrohr 15 eine Abfolge von Permanentmagneten 16 und Polscheiben 17 vorzunehmen, wobei entsprechende Randmagnete 26 vorgesehen sind.As is apparent from Figure 5, it is also possible in an embodiment of the actuator according to the invention shown in Figures 3 and 4, in the magnetic cylinder tube 15 make a sequence of permanent magnets 16 and pole plates 17, wherein corresponding edge magnets 26 are provided.

Eine weitere Möglichkeit, die Vorteile des in Figuren 3 und 4 dargestellten Aktuators zu nutzen ist in Figur 6 wiedergegeben, bei welchem das Gehäuse 10 beidseitig offen mit entsprechend beidseitig angeordneten Klauenpolen 28 ausgebildet ist, so dass der Spulenträger 19 entsprechend an beiden Stirnseiten über einen Tragstern 20 mit beidseitig aus dem Gehäuse 10 abragenden Stößel 22 versehen sein kann; hiermit ist eine Betätigung von angeschlossenen Aggregaten in beiden Bewegungsrichtungen des Spulenträgers 19 im Gehäuse 10 gegeben. Da wiederum das Magnetzylinderrohr 15 über die beidseitig angeordneten, gehäusefesten Klauenpole 28 fest eingespannt ist, ist die beidseitige Halterung des Magnetzylinderrohres 15 verwirklicht, ohne dass die beidseitige Aktuation über die beidseitigen Stößel 22 behindert ist. Ein weiterer Unterschied zwischen den in Figur 6 und in Figuren 3 bzw. 5 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen besteht darin, dass bei der Ausführungsform gemäß Figur 6 eine zentrale Polscheibe 17 angeordnet ist, zu deren beiden Seiten jeweils ein Permanentmagnet 16 in dem Magnetzylinderrohr 15 liegt. Diese außen liegenden Permanentmagneten 16 übernehmen gleichzeitig die Funktion der bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel nach Figuren 3 und 5 noch vorgesehenen Randmagneten, so dass auf diese Randmagneten bei im übrigen gleicher Kraftwirkung verzichtet werden kann. Damit ergibt sich eine Einsparung an Magnetmaterial. Wie aus Figur 7 ersichtlich, ist eine derartige Anordnung auch mit einer Abfolge von mehreren Polscheiben 17 und Permanentmagneten 16 zu verwirklichen.Another possibility to use the advantages of the actuator shown in Figures 3 and 4 is shown in Figure 6, in which the housing 10 is open on both sides with correspondingly arranged on both sides claw poles 28, so that the bobbin 19 according to both end faces on a supporting star 20 can be provided with projecting from both sides of the housing 10 ram 22; This is an actuation of connected units in both directions of movement of the bobbin 19 in the housing 10 is given. Since, in turn, the magnetic cylinder tube 15 is clamped firmly on the mutually arranged, housing-fixed claw poles 28, the two-sided support of the magnetic cylinder tube 15 is realized without the bilateral actuation is hindered on the two-sided plunger 22. Another difference between the embodiments shown in Figure 6 and in Figures 3 and 5 is that in the embodiment of Figure 6, a central pole plate 17 is arranged, on both sides of each a permanent magnet 16 is located in the magnetic cylinder tube 15. These outer permanent magnets 16 at the same time take over the function of the edge magnets still provided in the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 3 and 5, so that these edge magnets can be dispensed with, with the otherwise identical force effect. This results in a saving of magnetic material. As can be seen from FIG. 7, such an arrangement can also be realized with a sequence of a plurality of pole discs 17 and permanent magnets 16.

Schließlich ist in Figur 8 noch beispielhaft dargestellt, wie ein Spulenträger 19 ausgebildet sein kann. Zur Aufnahme der Spulen 23 sind bei dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel in die äußere Oberfläche des Spulenträgers 19 Ausnehmungen 35 eingelassen, in welche die Spulen 23 gewickelt sind. Anschließend werden die Ausnehmungen 35 bzw. Spulen 23 mit einer Schutzschicht 36 überzogen bzw. vergossen, so dass sich ein entsprechend glatter äußerer Umfang für den Spulenträger 19 ergibt, der die Einstellung kleiner Luftspalte 24, 25 ermöglicht.Finally, FIG. 8 shows by way of example how a coil carrier 19 can be formed. To accommodate the coils 23 19 recesses 35 are inserted in the illustrated embodiment in the outer surface of the bobbin, in which the coils 23 are wound. Subsequently, the recesses 35 or coils 23 are coated or potted with a protective layer 36, so that a correspondingly smooth outer circumference for the coil carrier 19 results, which allows the setting of small air gaps 24, 25.

Die in der vorstehenden Beschreibung, den Patentansprüchen, der Zusammenfassung und der Zeichnung offenbarten Merkmale des Gegenstandes dieser Unterlagen können sowohl einzeln als auch in beliebigen Kombinationen untereinander für die Verwirklichung der Erfindung in ihren verschiedenen Ausführungsformen wesentlich sein.The features disclosed in the foregoing description, the claims, the abstract and the drawing of the subject matter of these documents, both individually and in any combination with each other, may be essential to the realization of the invention in its various embodiments.

Claims (23)

  1. Actuator for actuating a valve, comprising a housing shell (11) made of a magnetically conductive material, a coil support (19) that has an actuation projection (22) and is displaceable within the housing shell (11) while forming an air gap (25) relative thereto, with at least one current-carrying coil (23) wound onto its circumference and with a magnet cylinder (15) enclosed by the coil support (19) while forming an air gap (24), with a sequence of permanent magnet (16) and pole disk (17) made of a magnetically conductive material arranged axially in the cylinder's interior, wherein the axial width of the coil (23) is greater than the axial extension of the pole disk (17) associated with the coil, characterized in that the dimensions of the permanent magnet (16) and the pole disk (17) are matched to one another in such a way that the end face cross-sectional area of the permanent magnet (16) corresponds to at least the circumferential surface of the neighboring pole disk (17) and that the width of the coil (23) associated with the pole disk (17) overlaps the width of the pole disk (17) by the stroke amplitude of the coil support (19) and that the actuator for actuating a valve installed in a hydraulic system is arranged in such a way that the coil support (19) displaceable in a hydraulic medium and the coil support (19) has recesses (35) to receive the coils (23) such that a laminar lubricating film is established between coil support (19) and magnet cylinder (15) in a meaning of a sliding bearing arrangement of the coil support (19) on the magnet cylinder (15) without displacing the surrounding hydraulic fluid.
  2. Actuator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the sleeve-type coil support (19) on its one end face is provided with a support star (20) having radially inwardly projecting spokes (21), in the center of which a tappet (22) is connected which protrudes from the housing (10) as an actuation projection,
  3. Actuator according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the housing shell (11) is a component of a closed housing (10) receiving the displaceable coil support (19) and the cylindrical magnet tube (15), wherein the tappet (22) reaches through an opening (14) in the associated end face (13) of the housing (10).
  4. Actuator according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the end face (12) of the housing (10) facing away from the support star (20) of the coil support (19) is made of a magnetically conductive material and a spacer (18) made of a magnetically non-conductive material is arranged at the end of the cylindrical magnet tube (15) facing toward the end face (12).
  5. Actuator according to Claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the end face (12) of the housing (10) is made of a magnetically non-conductive material.
  6. Actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 5, characterized
    in that a magnet module is formed by a permanent magnet {16) centered inside the cylindrical magnet tube (15) and by two pole disks (17) arranged on the outside, wherein each pole disk (17) in the magnet module is associated with a coil (23) on the coil support (19), wherein the coils (23) of a magnet module are wound in opposite direction and are mechanically and electrically connected with each other,
  7. Actuator according to Claim 6, characterized in that a magnet module is arranged within the housing shell (11).
  8. Actuator according to Claim 6, characterized in that a plurality of magnet modules are disposed axially one behind the other within the housing shell (11) wherein like poles of the permanent magnet (16) of each magnet module are located axially opposite each other.
  9. Actuator according to Claim 8, characterized in that the outer pole disks (17) of each magnet module are joined into a one-piece compound pole disk.
  10. Actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 9, characterized in that an edge magnet (26) each is arranged on the ends of the cylindrical magnet tube (15) formed by the outer pole disks (17) of the magnet module or modules, the strength which is adjusted to compensate the magnetic leakage flux occurring at the ends of the magnet cylinder (15) and is connected with the housing shell (11) made of a magnetically conductive material.
  11. Actuator according to Claim 10, characterized in that, in a housing (10) open on one side in the area of the tappet (22), the interior edge magnet (26) of the cylindrical magnet tube (15) situated on the closed housing side rests against the end face (12) made of a magnetically conductive material of the housing (10).
  12. Actuator according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the housing (10), at its open end face (13), has radially inwardly projecting claw poles (28), made of a magnetically conductive material and reaching axially between the spokes (21) of the support star (20) of the coil support (19), which are in magnetically adhering engagement with the associated edge magnet (26) of the cylindrical magnet tube (15).
  13. Actuator according to one of Claims 10 to 12, characterized in that the housing shell (11) is open on both sides and is configured with claw poles (28) formed at both of its ends, and the coil support (19) displaceable within the housing shell (11) has a support star (20) at each end face with a tappet (22) protruding therefrom.
  14. Actuator according to Claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the claw poles (28) are configured so as to correspond in their shape to the gaps between the spokes (21) of the support star (20).
  15. Actuator according to one of Claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the claw poles (28) form an anti-rotation protection for the support star (20) with tappet (22),
  16. Actuator according to Claim 15, characterized in that at least one claw pole (28) has a projection resting against die associated spoke (21) of the support star (20).
  17. Actuator according to Claim 15, characterized in that at least one spoke (21) of the support star (20) has a projection resting against the associated claw pole (28).
  18. Actuator according to one of Claims 12 to 17, characterized in that a claw pole (28) and/or the cylindrical magnet tube (15) form a mount for the sensor of a position measuring system.
  19. Actuator according to one of Claims 12 to 18, characterized in that a magnet module is formed by a pole disk (17) centered inside the cylindrical magnet tube (15) and by two permanent magnets (16) arranged on the outside, respectively wherein like poles of the permanent magnet (16) are located axially opposite each other and a coil (23) associated with the centered pole disk (17) is wound onto the coil support (19).
  20. Actuator according to Claim 19, characterized in that a sequence of alternating pole disks (17) and permanent magnets (16) is arranged between two outer permanent magnets (16).
  21. Actuator according to one of Claims 12 to 20, characterized in that a preloaded spring is arranged between the support star (20) of the coil support (19) and the end face of the cylindrical magnet tube (15) to apply pressure against the tappet (22) in its coupling position with the valve connected to the actuator.
  22. Actuator according to one of Claim 1 to 21, characterized in that the coils (23) wound into the recesses (35) of the coil support (19) have a protective layer (36) applied over them, so that the coil support (19) provided with coils (23) has a smooth circumferential surface.
  23. Actuator according to one of Claims 1 to 22, characterized in that grooves are disposed on the inside of the housing shell (11) extending in its longitudinal direction to allow the passage of the fluid displaced when the coil support (19) moves axially within the housing shell (11).
EP01996867A 2000-11-14 2001-11-14 Actuator for a fluid valve Expired - Lifetime EP1334493B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10056332 2000-11-14
DE10056332 2000-11-14
PCT/EP2001/013200 WO2002041332A1 (en) 2000-11-14 2001-11-14 Actuator for a fluid valve

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EP1334493A1 EP1334493A1 (en) 2003-08-13
EP1334493B1 true EP1334493B1 (en) 2007-03-21

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EP01996866A Withdrawn EP1334492A1 (en) 2000-11-14 2001-11-14 Actuator that functions by means of a movable coil arrangement

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EP (2) EP1334493B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4052384B2 (en)
KR (1) KR100840842B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1225751C (en)
AT (1) ATE357731T1 (en)
AU (1) AU2002217028A1 (en)
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CN1225751C (en) 2005-11-02
KR100840842B1 (en) 2008-06-23
CA2441997A1 (en) 2002-05-23
ATE357731T1 (en) 2007-04-15
AU2002217028A1 (en) 2002-05-27
US20040003849A1 (en) 2004-01-08
CN1486496A (en) 2004-03-31
US7164336B2 (en) 2007-01-16
US6975195B2 (en) 2005-12-13
KR20030064410A (en) 2003-07-31
JP4052384B2 (en) 2008-02-27
EP1334492A1 (en) 2003-08-13
DE50112241D1 (en) 2007-05-03
CA2441997C (en) 2011-03-29
WO2002041331A1 (en) 2002-05-23
JP2004514393A (en) 2004-05-13
US20040051607A1 (en) 2004-03-18
EP1334493A1 (en) 2003-08-13
WO2002041332A1 (en) 2002-05-23

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