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EP1295262A2 - Method for verifying the authenticity of documents - Google Patents

Method for verifying the authenticity of documents

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Publication number
EP1295262A2
EP1295262A2 EP01962728A EP01962728A EP1295262A2 EP 1295262 A2 EP1295262 A2 EP 1295262A2 EP 01962728 A EP01962728 A EP 01962728A EP 01962728 A EP01962728 A EP 01962728A EP 1295262 A2 EP1295262 A2 EP 1295262A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
authenticity
document
documents
criteria
class
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01962728A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1295262B1 (en
EP1295262B2 (en
Inventor
Helmut Karl Reinisch
Karl Hermann Weilacher
Lukas LÖFFLER
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Giesecke and Devrient Currency Technology GmbH
Original Assignee
Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Giesecke and Devrient GmbH filed Critical Giesecke and Devrient GmbH
Priority to EP20100011637 priority Critical patent/EP2278559A3/en
Publication of EP1295262A2 publication Critical patent/EP1295262A2/en
Publication of EP1295262B1 publication Critical patent/EP1295262B1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1295262B2 publication Critical patent/EP1295262B2/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D7/00—Testing specially adapted to determine the identity or genuineness of valuable papers or for segregating those which are unacceptable, e.g. banknotes that are alien to a currency
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07D—HANDLING OF COINS OR VALUABLE PAPERS, e.g. TESTING, SORTING BY DENOMINATIONS, COUNTING, DISPENSING, CHANGING OR DEPOSITING
    • G07D11/00—Devices accepting coins; Devices accepting, dispensing, sorting or counting valuable papers
    • G07D11/20—Controlling or monitoring the operation of devices; Data handling
    • G07D11/30—Tracking or tracing valuable papers or cassettes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to methods and devices for checking the authenticity of documents, in particular bank notes, value or security documents, according to the preamble of the independent claims.
  • the authenticity check of documents is generally carried out by measuring certain authenticity features, for example optical, electrical or magnetic features, on a document to be checked and then checking the measured authenticity features on the basis of predetermined authenticity criteria. For example, the optical reflection behavior of the document is measured as an authenticity feature and then it is checked whether the measured reflection behavior falls below or exceeds a certain threshold value as the associated authenticity criterion. Depending on the test result, the document is classified as genuine or false.
  • certain authenticity features for example optical, electrical or magnetic features
  • An increase in the reliability in the detection of forgeries can be achieved, among other things, by tightening the authenticity criteria when checking certain authenticity features, for example by raising or lowering threshold values.
  • the authenticity criteria cannot be tightened arbitrarily, since otherwise the proportion of genuine documents that were not recognized as genuine - and possibly rejected or classified as incorrect - would be too high.
  • banknote processing machines for example, which are used in commercial banks for deposit checking and settlement, for example, this would lead to increased effort in the manual and possibly further mechanical postprocessing of banknotes which are not recognized as genuine.
  • authenticity check in cash deposit machines a general tightening of the authenticity criteria would lead to the fact that used or soiled real banknotes in particular, in which the authenticity characteristics of freshly printed banknotes are reduced by soiling or damage, are not recognized as genuine and as a result - depending on the application - be rejected or retained as an alleged forgery.
  • counterfeit banknotes The reliability in the detection of counterfeit banknotes is therefore limited by the required low proportion of genuine banknotes not recognized as genuine. This is particularly problematic when, due to "soft" authenticity criteria, counterfeits are not recognized as such and come back into circulation, for example after a counterfeit banknotes have been paid in by self-service recycling machines by a customer and then the banknotes not identified as counterfeit have been issued to other customers ,
  • the method for the authenticity check according to claim 1 there are at least two different authenticity classes, each with one or more Authenticity criteria are provided, the individual authenticity classes differing from one another in at least one authenticity criterion.
  • an authenticity class is selected from the different authenticity classes and the document is checked based on the authenticity criteria of the selected authenticity class.
  • the selected authenticity class is assigned to the document if its authenticity criteria are met by the document.
  • the authenticity criteria are, for example, threshold values or intervals for the authenticity features used for the check.
  • optical, magnetic, electrical or physical features can be used as authenticity features, for example optical reflection, transmission or emission, magnetic permeability, electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, thickness and format of the document as well as watermarks.
  • the invention is based on the idea of combining different authenticity criteria in the authenticity check of documents into several authenticity classes, the authenticity requirements being different depending on the authenticity class, since each authenticity class generally includes a different number of authenticity criteria and / or different strict authenticity criteria. If, for example, an authenticity class with high authenticity requirements is selected, for example with very high threshold values for optical reflection or transmission, the authenticity of documents that meet the authenticity criteria of this selected authenticity class can be affirmed with high probability. Documents which do not meet the authenticity criteria of a selected authenticity class can be checked on the basis of further selected authenticity classes with lower authenticity requirements, for example lower threshold values, which means that their authenticity can be affirmed with a correspondingly lower probability. Overall, by dividing the authenticity property, ie the measured authenticity features, of the documents to be checked into different authenticity classes.
  • the state and / or the denomination of the document is determined and then the authenticity class is selected depending on the state and / or the denomination of the document.
  • the denomination is the value or currency of the document to be checked.
  • the condition of the document is generally given by condition features, such as degree of soiling, limpness, damage, such as cracks, holes or imperfections in the printed image, as well as foreign bodies, such as adhesive strips.
  • the authenticity class can be selected during the authenticity check of a document depending on the degree of soiling of the document, whereby clean and undamaged documents with much stricter authenticity criteria, for example higher threshold values, can be checked than heavily soiled or damaged documents. This significantly increases the reliability of counterfeit detection of clean or slightly dirty documents. Overall, this condition-dependent authenticity check enables documents in very good condition to be identified as genuine or false with high reliability. Since this is only the examination of documents in very good condition is tightened, the proportion of genuine documents not recognized as genuine remains low.
  • a further aspect of the invention is that part of the authenticity criteria used for the authenticity check is determined on the basis of forged documents.
  • the authenticity check with specified authenticity criteria is expanded by an additional authenticity check with additional authenticity criteria, the additional authenticity criteria being determined on the basis of forged documents.
  • the additional authenticity criteria are generally determined in a separate process, e.g. in specially designed facilities, in which forged documents are examined in particular for characteristic differences to real documents. From the differences found, additional authenticity criteria are determined, which are then fed to the authenticity checking process.
  • documents are still checked against fixed authenticity criteria and classified as genuine if the authenticity criteria are met.
  • forgeries can be recognized if the checked documents do not meet the additional authenticity criteria determined on known forgeries, which preferably relate to characteristic differences between a forgery found and real documents. In this way, increased reliability in the detection of counterfeits, in particular with regard to known counterfeits and in circulation, is achieved.
  • Show it 1 shows the schematic structure of a device for checking the authenticity of documents according to the invention
  • FIG. 2 shows the schematic structure of a system for checking authenticity on the basis of authenticity criteria determined on forged documents
  • Fig. 3 shows the schematic structure of a system for processing paid banknotes.
  • FIG. 1 shows the schematic structure of a device for authenticity checking of documents according to the invention.
  • the documents 10, for example bank notes, provided in an input device 11 are individually withdrawn from the input device 11 and conveyed to the output device 12 with the aid of a transport system 14. There the documents 10 are sorted into three different sorting classes and output into corresponding output compartments 13.
  • a document 10 to be checked is transported past a measuring device 15.
  • the measuring device 15 measures the authenticity features of the document 10 to be checked. If appropriate, status features characterizing the state of the document 10 are also measured.
  • the dashed line in the measuring device 15 is intended to indicate that the measuring device 15 can have two or possibly several sub-devices in which authenticity and, if applicable, status features can be measured separately.
  • the measuring device 15 measures only on one side of the document 10 to be checked.
  • the device can also be designed in this way be that the document 10 can be measured from both sides, for example by two oppositely arranged measuring devices 15 through which the document 10 is transported.
  • Information about the features measured in the measuring device 15 is transmitted to an evaluation device 16, in which the authenticity check according to the invention takes place.
  • the selection of a specific authenticity class and its assignment to the document 10 to be checked is preferably implemented here by a computer program.
  • the computer program it is checked, for example, whether an authenticity feature measured on the document 10 to be checked, e.g. the optical reflection is greater than a threshold value for the optical reflection belonging to the specific authenticity class. If the test result is positive, document 10 is assigned the specific authenticity class, e.g. by writing a number characterizing the authenticity class into a variable characterizing the authenticity of the document 10. If the test result is negative, the computer program sets the test of the measured authenticity feature on the basis of lower threshold values belonging to other authenticity classes, i.e.
  • the status of the document 10 is additionally determined from the measured status features.
  • Document 10 is then assigned one of several status classes which are characteristic of the respective state of the document to be checked are assigned.
  • three condition registers are usually provided, namely for an unusable (unfit), usable (fit) or very good (ATM fit) condition.
  • the selection of the authenticity class in the subsequent authenticity check is then carried out as a function of the state class assigned to the document 10 to be checked.
  • Banknotes in very good condition (ATM fit) are preferably subjected to very strict authenticity criteria, while banknotes in unusable or usable condition (unfit or fit) have to meet less strict authenticity criteria of other authenticity classes in order to still be classified as genuine.
  • an additional authenticity check is carried out on documents 10 of a certain condition class, for example on banknotes in a usable (fit) or very good (ATM-fit) condition.
  • Such an additional authenticity check can be carried out, for example, on the basis of already measured data on individual authenticity features.
  • the denomination can also be determined via the measuring device 15 and the evaluation device 16, but if necessary this can also be carried out in separate measuring and evaluation devices.
  • the documents 10 are divided into one or more sorting classes and output into corresponding output compartments 13.
  • the output device 12 is controlled by the evaluation device 16 in such a way that banknotes - possibly of only one desired denomination - are issued in a first of the output compartments 13, which have a very good (ATM fit)
  • ATM fit very good
  • banknotes are issued to which no authenticity class could be assigned and / or which are in an undesired position and / or possibly do not belong to the desired denomination. If necessary, incorrectly drawn and / or transported banknotes, for example double deductions or folded banknotes, are also output in this output compartment. Finally, all remaining banknotes are output in a third output compartment, ie usable (fit), unusable (unfit) and banknotes to which an authenticity class with lower authenticity requirements - ie less strict authenticity criteria - has been assigned.
  • FIG. 2 shows the schematic structure of a system for checking authenticity on the basis of authenticity criteria, which were determined on forged documents.
  • the mode of operation of such a system differs from the example shown in FIG. 1 mainly in that the authenticity check carried out in the value device 16 takes place in two partial steps.
  • the authenticity check is carried out using - preferably divided into authenticity classes - Authenticity criteria.
  • the authenticity class can be selected depending on the determined state of the document 10 to be checked. If the measured authenticity features meet the specified authenticity criteria, the corresponding authenticity class is assigned to document 10.
  • an additional check is carried out using authenticity criteria which have been determined on known forged documents.
  • authenticity criteria are determined here in banknote checking machines suitable for this purpose, for example in a central bank or at a corresponding service provider. For reasons of data reduction, these are preferably authenticity criteria which are characteristic of the difference between a forged and a real document.
  • the authenticity criteria used in the second sub-step of the authenticity check are transmitted in the example shown from a control device 31, for example from a server of a central bank or a central service provider, via a wired or wireless connection 32 to one or more test stations 30 simultaneously.
  • the corresponding data can also be transmitted by means of suitable data carriers, for example by flash card, memory chips, floppy, CD or DVD.
  • the document 10 can be identified as a forgery with high probability, even if it fulfills the authenticity criteria in the first sub-step of the authenticity check.
  • the chronological order of the two substeps can be chosen arbitrarily.
  • this system allows a simple and quick update of features and criteria for checking the authenticity of banknotes in any number of test stations 30 simultaneously, so that a high level of reliability is guaranteed in the detection of counterfeit banknotes in circulation.
  • FIG. 3 shows the schematic structure of a system for using the authenticity check according to the invention.
  • Documents 10 in this example banknotes, are deposited by a depositor at a commercial bank 39.
  • the deposit can be e.g. at the terminal of a self-service recycling machine.
  • the checking station 30 which can be part of the terminal, the banknotes are checked for authenticity. If the banknotes meet the very strict authenticity criteria of a selected authenticity class, they can be made available for immediate further issuance, for example at the same terminal, at other issuing terminals 34 and / or at a bank counter 36. All banknotes that do not meet these very strict authenticity criteria are fed to a central checking device 35, for example in a central bank 40, to another
  • a control unit 31 is also provided, in which - as already stated in the description of FIG. 2 - additional authenticity criteria are determined on the basis of counterfeit banknotes, which relate to characteristic differences between real banknotes and banknotes recognized as counterfeit in the central checking device 35 ,
  • the counterfeits can be transmitted directly from the test device 35 to the control unit 31.
  • the authenticity criteria determined there are which is then transmitted to the checking station 30 via the connection 32 and can be used there - if necessary in addition to the authenticity criteria divided into different authenticity classes - for the authenticity check of banknotes.
  • characteristic data e.g. Print images and / or serial numbers for the paid-in banknotes together with data for the payer, e.g. Account number and / or personal identification number (PIN) are stored together in the control device 31.
  • characteristic data e.g. Print images and / or serial numbers
  • the bank note transmitted to the control device 31.
  • the payer of the counterfeit banknote can be identified by comparing the stored data with the transmitted data.
  • the control unit 31 can either be installed inside the commercial bank 39, as shown, or be located outside the latter, for example at a central service provider.
  • the system shown in FIG. 3 deals, for example, with the use of the method according to the invention for checking the authenticity of banknotes at a deposit machine of a commercial bank.
  • the authenticity check can also be carried out in a banknote processing machine in which banknotes - e.g. after deposit at the counter of a commercial bank - entered by an employee for checking and / or sorting.
  • the authenticity check and the subsequent procedure for sorting, reissuing and / or forwarding for checking in a central bank are carried out analogously.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Inspection Of Paper Currency And Valuable Securities (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for verifying the authenticity of documents, especially that of bank notes, valuable documents or security documents, on the basis of authenticity criteria. The aim of the invention is to provide a more reliable manner of verifying the authenticity of a document. In order to achieve this, at least two different levels of authenticity with at least one authenticity criterion respectively are provided. Each individual authenticity level differs from the other in at least one authenticity criterion. One authenticity level is selected from the various authenticity levels and the document is verified on the basis of the authenticity criteria of the selected authenticity level. The selected authenticity level is allocated to said document if it fulfils the authenticity criteria thereof. The inventive method increases the reliability of the verification of document authenticity as it enables documents to be detected which satisfy higher authenticity requirements i.e. stricter authenticity criteria than other documents, and which are thus more likely to be authentic.

Description

Verfahren zur Echtheitsprüfung von Dokumenten Authentication procedures for documents
Die Erfindung betrifft Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Echtheitsprüfung von Dokumenten, insbesondere Banknoten, Wert- oder Sicherheitsdokumen- ten, gemäß dem Oberbegriff der unabhängigen Ansprüche.The invention relates to methods and devices for checking the authenticity of documents, in particular bank notes, value or security documents, according to the preamble of the independent claims.
Die Echtheitsprüfung von Dokumenten erfolgt im allgemeinen durch Messung bestimmter Echtheitsmerkmale, beispielsweise optischer, elektrischer oder magnetischer Merkmale, an einem zu prüfenden Dokument und an- schließende Prüfung der gemessenen Echtheitsmerkmale anhand von vorgegebenen Echtheitskriterien. Beispielsweise wird als Echtheitsmerkmal das optische Reflexionsverhalten des Dokuments gemessen und anschließend geprüft, ob das gemessene Reflexionsverhalten einen bestimmten Schwellenwert als zugehöriges Echtheitskriterium unter- oder überschreitet. Je nach Prüfungsergebnis wird das Dokument als echt bzw. falsch eingestuft.The authenticity check of documents is generally carried out by measuring certain authenticity features, for example optical, electrical or magnetic features, on a document to be checked and then checking the measured authenticity features on the basis of predetermined authenticity criteria. For example, the optical reflection behavior of the document is measured as an authenticity feature and then it is checked whether the measured reflection behavior falls below or exceeds a certain threshold value as the associated authenticity criterion. Depending on the test result, the document is classified as genuine or false.
Eine Erhöhung der Zuverlässigkeit bei der Erkennung von Fälschungen kann unter anderem durch eine Verschärfung der Echtheitskriterien bei der Prüfung bestimmter Echtheitsmerkmale erreicht werden, beispielsweise durch Anheben oder Absenken von Schwellenwerten. In der Praxis können jedoch die Echtheitskriterien nicht beliebig verschärft werden, da ansonsten der Anteil von nicht als echt erkannten - und gegebenenfalls zurückzuweisenden oder als falsch einzustufenden - echten Dokumenten zu hoch würde.An increase in the reliability in the detection of forgeries can be achieved, among other things, by tightening the authenticity criteria when checking certain authenticity features, for example by raising or lowering threshold values. In practice, however, the authenticity criteria cannot be tightened arbitrarily, since otherwise the proportion of genuine documents that were not recognized as genuine - and possibly rejected or classified as incorrect - would be too high.
Dies würde beispielsweise in Banknotenbearbeitungsmaschinen, welche insbesondere in Geschäftsbanken zur Deposit-Prüfung und -Abrechnung eingesetzt werden, zu einem erhöhten Aufwand bei der manuellen und gegebenenfalls weiteren maschinellen Nachbearbeitung von nicht als echt erkannten Banknoten führen. Im Falle der Echtheitsprüfung in Geldeinzahlungsautomaten würde eine generelle Verschärfung der Echtheitskriterien dazu führen, daß insbesondere gebrauchte oder verschmutzte echte Banknoten, bei welchen die Ausprägung der Echtheitsmerkmale gegenüber druckfrischen Banknoten durch Verschmutzung oder Beschädigung herabgesetzt ist, nicht als echt erkannt werden und infolgedessen - je nach Anwendungsfall - zurückgewiesen werden oder als vermeintliche Fälschung einbehalten werden.In banknote processing machines, for example, which are used in commercial banks for deposit checking and settlement, for example, this would lead to increased effort in the manual and possibly further mechanical postprocessing of banknotes which are not recognized as genuine. In the case of the authenticity check in cash deposit machines, a general tightening of the authenticity criteria would lead to the fact that used or soiled real banknotes in particular, in which the authenticity characteristics of freshly printed banknotes are reduced by soiling or damage, are not recognized as genuine and as a result - depending on the application - be rejected or retained as an alleged forgery.
Die Zuverlässigkeit bei der Erkennung gefälschter Banknoten ist daher durch den geforderten niedrigen Anteil von nicht als echt erkannten echten Banknoten begrenzt. Dies ist besonders dann problematisch, wenn aufgrund zu „weicher" Echtheitskriterien Fälschungen nicht als solche erkannt werden und wieder in den Umlauf gelangen, beispielsweise nach Einzahlung gefälschter Banknoten an SB-Recyclingautomaten durch einen Kunden und anschließende Ausgabe der nicht als Fälschung identifizierten Banknoten an weitere Kunden.The reliability in the detection of counterfeit banknotes is therefore limited by the required low proportion of genuine banknotes not recognized as genuine. This is particularly problematic when, due to "soft" authenticity criteria, counterfeits are not recognized as such and come back into circulation, for example after a counterfeit banknotes have been paid in by self-service recycling machines by a customer and then the banknotes not identified as counterfeit have been issued to other customers ,
Es ist Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Echtheitsprüfung anzugeben, mit welchen Dokumente mit erhöhter Zu- verlässigkeit geprüft werden können, insbesondere ohne gleichzeitige Erhöhung des Anteils von fälschlicherweise nicht als echt erkannten echten Dokumenten.It is the object of the present invention to specify methods and devices for checking the authenticity with which documents can be checked with increased reliability, in particular without simultaneously increasing the proportion of genuine documents which are incorrectly not recognized as genuine.
Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Verfahren zur Echtheitsprüfung gemäß den Ansprüchen 1 bzw. 14 sowie durch die entsprechenden Vorrichtungen zur Echtheitsprüfung gemäß den Ansprüchen 18 bzw. 21 gelöst.This object is achieved by the methods for checking authenticity according to claims 1 and 14 and by the corresponding devices for checking authenticity according to claims 18 and 21, respectively.
Bei dem Verfahren zur Echtheitsprüfung gemäß Anspruch 1 sind mindestens zwei unterschiedliche Echtheitsklassen mit jeweils einem oder mehreren Echtheitskriterien vorgesehen, wobei sich die einzelnen Echtheitsklassen in mindestens einem Echtheitskriterium voneinander unterscheiden. Zur Echtheitsprüfung wird eine Echtheitsklasse aus den unterschiedlichen Echtheitsklassen ausgewählt und das Dokument wird anhand der Echtheitskri- terien der ausgewählten Echtheitsklasse geprüft. Hierbei wird dem Dokument die ausgewählte Echtheitsklasse zugeordnet, wenn deren Echtheitskriterien von dem Dokument erfüllt werden. Bei den Echtheitskriterien handelt es sich beispielsweise um Schwellenwerte oder Intervalle für die zur Prüfung herangezogenen Echtheitsmerkmale. Als Echtheitsmerkmale können bei- Spiels weise optische, magnetische, elektrische oder physische Merkmale herangezogen werden, z.B. optische Reflexion, Transmission oder Emission, magnetische Permeabilität, elektrische Leitfähigkeit, Dielektrizitätskonstante, Dicke und Format des Dokuments sowie Wasserzeichen.In the method for the authenticity check according to claim 1, there are at least two different authenticity classes, each with one or more Authenticity criteria are provided, the individual authenticity classes differing from one another in at least one authenticity criterion. For the authenticity check, an authenticity class is selected from the different authenticity classes and the document is checked based on the authenticity criteria of the selected authenticity class. The selected authenticity class is assigned to the document if its authenticity criteria are met by the document. The authenticity criteria are, for example, threshold values or intervals for the authenticity features used for the check. For example, optical, magnetic, electrical or physical features can be used as authenticity features, for example optical reflection, transmission or emission, magnetic permeability, electrical conductivity, dielectric constant, thickness and format of the document as well as watermarks.
Die Erfindung basiert auf dem Gedanken, unterschiedliche Echtheitskriterien bei der Echtheitsprüfung von Dokumenten in mehrere Echtheitsklassen zusammenzufassen, wobei die Anforderungen an die Echtheit je nach Echtheitsklasse unterschiedlich hoch sind, da zu jeder Echtheitsklasse i.a. eine unterschiedliche Anzahl von Echtheitskriterien und/ oder unterschiedlich strenge Echtheitskriterien gehören. Wird beispielsweise eine Echtheitsklasse mit hohen Anforderungen an die Echtheit ausgewählt, z.B. mit sehr hohen Schwellenwerten für die optische Reflexion oder Transmission, so kann die Echtheit von Dokumenten, die die Echtheitskriterien dieser ausgewählten Echtheitsklasse erfüllen, mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit bejaht werden. Do- kumente, welche die Echtheitskriterien einer ausgewählten Echtheitsklasse nicht erfüllen, können anhand weiterer ausgewählter Echtheitsklassen mit niedrigeren Anforderungen an die Echtheit geprüft werden, beispielsweise niedrigeren Schwellenwerten, wodurch deren Echtheit mit entsprechend niedrigerer Wahrscheinlichkeit bejaht werden kann. Insgesamt findet hier- durch eine Einteilung der Echtheitseigenschaft, d.h. der gemessenen Echtheitsmerkmale, der zu prüfenden Dokumente in verschiedene Echtheitsklassen statt. Durch diese Differenzierung des Ergebnisses der Echtheitsprüfung lassen sich diejenigen Dokumente ermitteln, die gegenüber den Echtheits- prüfungsverfahren nach dem Stand der Technik mit höherer Wahrscheinlichkeit echt sind, wodurch die Zuverlässigkeit der Echtheitsbestirnrnung insgesamt erhöht wird. Gleichzeitig können die restlichen Dokumente auch weiterhin mit den bislang üblichen - i.a. „weniger strengen" - Echtheitskriterien geprüft werden, wodurch der Anteil von nicht als echt erkannten echten Dokumenten niedrig bleibt.The invention is based on the idea of combining different authenticity criteria in the authenticity check of documents into several authenticity classes, the authenticity requirements being different depending on the authenticity class, since each authenticity class generally includes a different number of authenticity criteria and / or different strict authenticity criteria. If, for example, an authenticity class with high authenticity requirements is selected, for example with very high threshold values for optical reflection or transmission, the authenticity of documents that meet the authenticity criteria of this selected authenticity class can be affirmed with high probability. Documents which do not meet the authenticity criteria of a selected authenticity class can be checked on the basis of further selected authenticity classes with lower authenticity requirements, for example lower threshold values, which means that their authenticity can be affirmed with a correspondingly lower probability. Overall, by dividing the authenticity property, ie the measured authenticity features, of the documents to be checked into different authenticity classes. This differentiation of the result of the authenticity check makes it possible to determine those documents which are more likely to be genuine than the authenticity checking methods according to the prior art, as a result of which the reliability of the authenticity determination is increased overall. At the same time, the remaining documents can continue to be checked with the usual - generally "less strict" - authenticity criteria, which means that the proportion of genuine documents that are not recognized as genuine remains low.
In einer Weiterbildung des Verfahrens ist vorgesehen, daß der Zustand und/ oder die Stückelung des Dokuments ermittelt wird und anschließend die Auswahl der Echtheitsklasse in Abhängigkeit des Zustande und/ oder der Stückelung des Dokuments erfolgt. Bei der Stückelung handelt es sich um den Wert oder die Währung des zu prüfenden Dokuments. Der Zustand des Dokuments ist im allgemeinen durch Zustandsmerkmale gegeben, wie z.B. Verschmutzungsgrad, Lappigkeit, Beschädigungen, wie z.B. Risse, Löcher oder Fehlstellen im Druckbild, sowie Fremdkörper, wie z.B. Klebestrei- fen. Beispielsweise kann die Auswahl der Echtheitsklasse bei der Echtheitsprüfung eines Dokuments in Abhängigkeit vom Verschmutzungsgrad des Dokuments erfolgen, wobei saubere und unbeschädigte Dokumente mit wesentlich strengeren Echtheitskriterien, z.B. höheren Schwellenwerten, geprüft werden können als stark verschmutzte oder beschädigte Dokumente. Hier- durch wird die Zuverlässigkeit bei der Fälschungserkennung von sauberen oder leicht verschmutzten Dokumenten deutlich erhöht. Insgesamt lassen sich durch diese zustandsabhängige Echtheitsprüfung Dokumente in sehr gutem Zustand mit hoher Zuverlässigkeit als echt bzw. falsch identifizieren. Da hierbei lediglich die Prüfung von Dokumenten in sehr gutem Zustand verschärft wird, bleibt gleichzeitig der Anteil von nicht als echt erkannten echten Dokumenten niedrig.In a development of the method it is provided that the state and / or the denomination of the document is determined and then the authenticity class is selected depending on the state and / or the denomination of the document. The denomination is the value or currency of the document to be checked. The condition of the document is generally given by condition features, such as degree of soiling, limpness, damage, such as cracks, holes or imperfections in the printed image, as well as foreign bodies, such as adhesive strips. For example, the authenticity class can be selected during the authenticity check of a document depending on the degree of soiling of the document, whereby clean and undamaged documents with much stricter authenticity criteria, for example higher threshold values, can be checked than heavily soiled or damaged documents. This significantly increases the reliability of counterfeit detection of clean or slightly dirty documents. Overall, this condition-dependent authenticity check enables documents in very good condition to be identified as genuine or false with high reliability. Since this is only the examination of documents in very good condition is tightened, the proportion of genuine documents not recognized as genuine remains low.
Ein weiterer Aspekt der Erfindung liegt gemäß Anspruch 14 darin, daß ein - Teil der zur Echtheitsprüfung herangezogenen Echtheitskriterien anhand gefälschter Dokumente ermittelt wird. Hierdurch wird die Echtheitsprüfung mit festgelegten Echtheitskriterien durch eine zusätzliche Echtheitsprüfung mit zusätzlichen Echtheitskriterien erweitert, wobei die zusätzlichen Echtheitskriterien anhand gefälschter Dokumente ermittelt werden. Die Ermitt- lung der zusätzlichen Echtheitskriterien erfolgt hierbei im allgemeinen in einem separaten Verfahren, z.B. in speziell dafür vorgesehenen Einrichtungen, in welchem gefälschte Dokumente insbesondere auf charakteristische Unterschiede zu echten Dokumenten untersucht werden. Aus den gefundenen Unterschieden werden zusätzliche Echtheitskriterien ermittelt, welche dann dem Echtheitsprüfungsverfahren zugeführt werden. Hierbei werden Dokumente weiterhin anhand fester Echtheitskriterien geprüft und bei Erfüllung der Echtheitskriterien als echt eingestuft. Darüber hinaus können Fälschungen erkannt werden, wenn die geprüften Dokumente die an bekannten Fälschungen ermittelten zusätzlichen Echtheitskriterien, welche bevorzug- terweise charakteristische Unterschiede zwischen einer gefundenen Fälschung und echten Dokumenten betreffen, nicht erfüllen. Auf diese Weise wird eine erhöhte Zuverlässigkeit bei der Erkennung von Fälschungen, insbesondere im Hinblick auf bekannte und im Umlauf befindliche Fälschungen, erreicht.A further aspect of the invention is that part of the authenticity criteria used for the authenticity check is determined on the basis of forged documents. As a result, the authenticity check with specified authenticity criteria is expanded by an additional authenticity check with additional authenticity criteria, the additional authenticity criteria being determined on the basis of forged documents. The additional authenticity criteria are generally determined in a separate process, e.g. in specially designed facilities, in which forged documents are examined in particular for characteristic differences to real documents. From the differences found, additional authenticity criteria are determined, which are then fed to the authenticity checking process. Here, documents are still checked against fixed authenticity criteria and classified as genuine if the authenticity criteria are met. In addition, forgeries can be recognized if the checked documents do not meet the additional authenticity criteria determined on known forgeries, which preferably relate to characteristic differences between a forgery found and real documents. In this way, increased reliability in the detection of counterfeits, in particular with regard to known counterfeits and in circulation, is achieved.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand von in Figuren dargestellten Beispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen Fig. 1 den schematischen Aufbau einer Vorrichtung zur erfindungsgemäßen Echtheitsprüfung von Dokumenten;The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to examples shown in figures. Show it 1 shows the schematic structure of a device for checking the authenticity of documents according to the invention;
Fig. 2 den schematischen Aufbau eines Systems zur Echtheitsprüfung an- hand von an gefälschten Dokumenten ermittelten Echtheitskriterien und2 shows the schematic structure of a system for checking authenticity on the basis of authenticity criteria determined on forged documents and
Fig. 3 den schematischen Aufbau eines Systems zur Bearbeitung von einbezahlten Banknoten.Fig. 3 shows the schematic structure of a system for processing paid banknotes.
Figur 1 zeigt den schematischen Aufbau einer Vorrichtung zur erfindungsgemäßen Echtheitsprüfung von Dokumenten. Die in einer Eingabeeinrichtung 11 bereitgestellten Dokumente 10, beispielsweise Banknoten, werden einzeln aus der Eingabeeinrichtung 11 abgezogen und mit Hilfe eines Trans- portsystems 14 zur Ausgabeeinrichtung 12 befördert. Dort werden die Dokumente 10 in drei verschiedene Sortierklassen sortiert und in entsprechende Ausgabefächer 13 ausgegeben. Auf dem Weg zwischen Eingabeeinrichtung 11 und Ausgabeeinrichtung 12 wird ein zu prüfendes Dokument 10 an einer Meßeinrichtung 15 vorbei transportiert. Die Meßeinrichtung 15 mißt hierbei die Echtheitsmerkmale des zu prüfenden Dokuments 10. Gegebenenfalls werden auch den Zustand des Dokuments 10 charakterisierende Zustands- merkmale gemessen. Die gestrichelte Linie in der Meßeinrichtung 15 soll andeuten, daß die Meßeinrichtung 15 zwei oder gegebenenfalls mehrere Teileinrichtungen aufweisen kann, in welchen Echtheits- und ggf. Zu- Standsmerkmale separat gemessen werden können. Prinzipiell ist es aber auch möglich, sowohl Echtheits- als auch Zustandsmerkmale zusammen in einer Meßeinrichtung zu messen. Im dargestellten Beispiel wird mit der Meßeinrichtung 15 lediglich an einer Seite des zu prüfenden Dokuments 10 gemessen. Im allgemeinen kann die Vorrichtung aber auch so ausgestaltet sein, daß das Dokument 10 von beiden Seiten her vermessen werden kann, z.B. durch zwei gegenüberliegend angeordnete Meßeinrichtungen 15, durch welche das Dokument 10 hindurch transportiert wird.Figure 1 shows the schematic structure of a device for authenticity checking of documents according to the invention. The documents 10, for example bank notes, provided in an input device 11 are individually withdrawn from the input device 11 and conveyed to the output device 12 with the aid of a transport system 14. There the documents 10 are sorted into three different sorting classes and output into corresponding output compartments 13. On the way between input device 11 and output device 12, a document 10 to be checked is transported past a measuring device 15. In this case, the measuring device 15 measures the authenticity features of the document 10 to be checked. If appropriate, status features characterizing the state of the document 10 are also measured. The dashed line in the measuring device 15 is intended to indicate that the measuring device 15 can have two or possibly several sub-devices in which authenticity and, if applicable, status features can be measured separately. In principle, however, it is also possible to measure both authenticity and status features together in one measuring device. In the example shown, the measuring device 15 measures only on one side of the document 10 to be checked. In general, however, the device can also be designed in this way be that the document 10 can be measured from both sides, for example by two oppositely arranged measuring devices 15 through which the document 10 is transported.
Informationen über die in der Meßeinrichtung 15 gemessenen Merkmale werden an eine Auswerteeinrichtung 16 übermittelt, in welcher die erfindungsgemäße Echtheitsprüfung stattfindet. Die Auswahl einer bestimmten Echtheitsklasse sowie deren Zuordnung zu dem zu prüfenden Dokument 10 wird hierbei bevorzugterweise durch ein Computerprogramm realisiert. In dem Computerprogramm wird beispielsweise geprüft, ob ein an dem zu prüfenden Dokument 10 gemessenes Echtheitsmerkmal, z.B. die optische Reflexion, größer ist als ein zu der bestimmten Echtheitsklasse gehöriger Schwellenwert für die optische Reflexion. Bei positivem Prüfungsergebnis wird dem Dokument 10 die bestimmte Echtheitsklasse zugeordnet, z.B. durch Schreiben einer die Echtheitsklasse kennzeichnenden Zahl in eine die Echtheit des Dokuments 10 charakterisierende Variable. Bei negativem Prüfungsergebnis setzt das Computerprogramm die Prüfung des gemessenen Echtheitsmerkmals anhand von zu anderen Echtheitsklassen gehörenden niedrigeren Schwellenwerten, d.h. weniger strengen Echtheitskriterien, fort und ordnet dem Dokument 10 eine entsprechende Echtheitsklasse zu. Insgesamt findet hierdurch eine Einteilung der Echtheitseigenschaft, d.h. der gemessenen Echtheitsmerkmale, der zu prüfenden Dokumente 10 in verschiedene Echtheitsklassen statt. Falls alle diese Prüfungen ein negatives Prüfungsergebnis liefern, wird das Dokument 10 als falsch eingestuft.Information about the features measured in the measuring device 15 is transmitted to an evaluation device 16, in which the authenticity check according to the invention takes place. The selection of a specific authenticity class and its assignment to the document 10 to be checked is preferably implemented here by a computer program. In the computer program it is checked, for example, whether an authenticity feature measured on the document 10 to be checked, e.g. the optical reflection is greater than a threshold value for the optical reflection belonging to the specific authenticity class. If the test result is positive, document 10 is assigned the specific authenticity class, e.g. by writing a number characterizing the authenticity class into a variable characterizing the authenticity of the document 10. If the test result is negative, the computer program sets the test of the measured authenticity feature on the basis of lower threshold values belonging to other authenticity classes, i.e. less strict authenticity criteria, and assigns a corresponding authenticity class to document 10. Overall, this creates a classification of the authenticity property, i.e. the measured authenticity features, the documents to be checked 10 take place in different authenticity classes. If all of these tests produce a negative test result, document 10 is classified as incorrect.
In einer bevorzugten Weiterbildung des Verfahrens wird zusätzlich aus den gemessenen Zustandsmerkmalen der Zustand des Dokuments 10 ermittelt. Dem Dokument 10 wird dann eine von mehreren Zustandskiassen, welche für den jeweiligen Zustand des zu prüfenden Dokuments charakteristisch sind, zugeordnet. Bei der Prüfung von Banknoten werden hierbei üblicherweise drei Zustandskiassen vorgesehen, nämlich für einen unbrauchbaren (unfit), brauchbaren (fit) bzw. sehr guten (ATM-fit) Zustand. Die Auswahl der Echtheitsklasse bei der anschließenden Echtheitsprüfung erfolgt dann in Abhängigkeit von der dem zu prüfenden Dokument 10 zugeordneten Zu- standsklasse. Bevorzugterweise werden hierbei Banknoten in sehr gutem Zustand (ATM-fit) sehr strengen Echtheitskriterien unterzogen, während Banknoten in unbrauchbarem oder brauchbarem Zustand (unfit bzw. fit) weniger strengen Echtheitskriterien anderer Echtheitsklassen genügen müs- sen, um noch als echt eingestuft zu werden. Zur Erhöhung der Zuverlässigkeit der Echtheitsprüfung ist es hierbei auch möglich, daß an Dokumenten 10 einer bestimmten Zustandskiasse, beispielsweise an Banknoten in brauchbarem (fit) oder sehr gutem (ATM-fit) Zustand, eine zusätzliche Echtheitsprüfung vorgenommen wird. Eine solche zusätzliche Echtheitsprüfung kann beispielsweise auf der Basis bereits gemessener Daten zu einzelnen Echtheitsmerkmalen erfolgen.In a preferred development of the method, the status of the document 10 is additionally determined from the measured status features. Document 10 is then assigned one of several status classes which are characteristic of the respective state of the document to be checked are assigned. When checking banknotes, three condition registers are usually provided, namely for an unusable (unfit), usable (fit) or very good (ATM fit) condition. The selection of the authenticity class in the subsequent authenticity check is then carried out as a function of the state class assigned to the document 10 to be checked. Banknotes in very good condition (ATM fit) are preferably subjected to very strict authenticity criteria, while banknotes in unusable or usable condition (unfit or fit) have to meet less strict authenticity criteria of other authenticity classes in order to still be classified as genuine. To increase the reliability of the authenticity check, it is also possible that an additional authenticity check is carried out on documents 10 of a certain condition class, for example on banknotes in a usable (fit) or very good (ATM-fit) condition. Such an additional authenticity check can be carried out, for example, on the basis of already measured data on individual authenticity features.
Die Ermittlung der Stückelung kann prinzipiell ebenfalls über die Meßeinrichtung 15 und die Auswerteeinrichtung 16 erfolgen, gegebenenfalls kann dies aber auch in separaten Meß- und Auswerteeinrichtungen durchgeführt werden.In principle, the denomination can also be determined via the measuring device 15 and the evaluation device 16, but if necessary this can also be carried out in separate measuring and evaluation devices.
In einem typischen Sortiermodus, beispielsweise zur Verwendung in einer Banknotenbearbeitungsmaschine zur Deposit-Prüfung und -Abrechnung, werden die Dokumente 10 in eine oder mehrere Sortierklassen eingeteilt und in entsprechende Ausgabefächer 13 ausgegeben. Hierbei wird die Ausgabeeinrichtung 12 von der Auswerteeinrichtung 16 so angesteuert, daß in ein erstes der Ausgabefächer 13 Banknoten - gegebenenfalls von nur einer gewünschten Stückelung - ausgegeben werden, die einen sehr guten (ATM-fit) Zustand aufweisen, denen eine Echtheitsklasse mit hohen Anforderungen an die Echtheit, d.h. strengen Echtheitskriterien, zugeordnet wurde und welche sich in einer gewünschten Lage befinden, d.h. ein bestimmtes Druckmuster ist von oben sichtbar und gegebenenfalls in bestimmter Weise ausgerichtet. In ein zweites Ausgabefach, dem sogenannten Reject-Fach, werden diejenigen Banknoten ausgegeben, denen keine Echtheitsklasse zugeordnet werden konnte und/ oder die sich in einer nicht gewünschten Lage befinden und/ oder ggf. nicht der gewünschten Stückelung angehören. In dieses Ausgabefach werden gegebenenfalls auch fehlerhaft eingezogene und/ oder transportierte Banknoten, z.B. Doppelabzüge oder gefaltete Geldscheine, ausgegeben. In ein drittes Ausgabefach schließlich werden alle restlichen Banknoten ausgegeben, d.h. brauchbare (fit), unbrauchbare (unfit) und Banknoten, denen eine Echtheitsklasse mit geringeren Anforderungen an die Echtheit - d.h. weniger strenge Echtheitskriterien - zugeordnet wurde. Wird beispielsweise ein Stapel Banknoten einer bestimmten Stückelung in gemischter Lage eingegeben, so können daraus mit diesem Sortiermodus diejenigen Banknoten einer bestimmten Stückelung aussortiert werden, welche mit hoher Walirscheinlichkeit echt sind, einen sehr guten Zustand (ATM-fit) und gleichzeitig eine gewünschte Lage aufweisen. Banknoten, die diese Kri- terien erfüllen, können dann für eine unmittelbare erneute Ausgabe, z.B. in einem SB-Recyclingautomaten, bereitgestellt werden.In a typical sorting mode, for example for use in a banknote processing machine for deposit checking and settlement, the documents 10 are divided into one or more sorting classes and output into corresponding output compartments 13. In this case, the output device 12 is controlled by the evaluation device 16 in such a way that banknotes - possibly of only one desired denomination - are issued in a first of the output compartments 13, which have a very good (ATM fit) Have condition to which an authenticity class with high demands on authenticity, ie strict authenticity criteria, has been assigned and which are in a desired position, ie a certain print pattern is visible from above and possibly aligned in a certain way. In a second output compartment, the so-called reject compartment, those banknotes are issued to which no authenticity class could be assigned and / or which are in an undesired position and / or possibly do not belong to the desired denomination. If necessary, incorrectly drawn and / or transported banknotes, for example double deductions or folded banknotes, are also output in this output compartment. Finally, all remaining banknotes are output in a third output compartment, ie usable (fit), unusable (unfit) and banknotes to which an authenticity class with lower authenticity requirements - ie less strict authenticity criteria - has been assigned. If, for example, a stack of banknotes of a certain denomination is entered in a mixed position, then with this sorting mode it is possible to sort out those banknotes of a certain denomination that are genuine with a high probability of whale, have a very good condition (ATM fit) and at the same time have a desired position. Banknotes that meet these criteria can then be made available for immediate reissue, for example in a self-service recycling machine.
Figur 2 zeigt den schematischen Aufbau eines Systems zur Echtheitsprüfung anhand von Echtheitskriterien, welche an gefälschten Dokumenten ermittelt wurden. Die Funktionsweise eines solchen Systems unterscheidet sich von dem in Figur 1 dargestellten Beispiel hauptsächlich dadurch, daß die in der Aus Werteeinrichtung 16 durchgeführte Echtheitsprüfung in zwei Teilschritten erfolgt. In einem ersten Teilschritt erfolgt die Echtheitsprüfung unter Heranziehung von - bevorzugterweise in Echtheitsklassen eingeteilten - Echtheitskriterien. Die Auswahl der Echtheitsklasse kann hierbei, wie bereits im Zusammenhang mit Figur 1 erläutert wurde, in Abhängigkeit vom ermittelten Zustand des zu prüfenden Dokuments 10 erfolgen. Falls die gemessenen Echtheitsmerkmale die vorgegebenen Echtheitskriterien erfüllen, so wird dem Dokument 10 die entsprechende Echtheitsklasse zugeordnet. In einem zweiten Teilschritt der Echtheitsprüfung erfolgt eine zusätzliche Prüfung unter Heranziehung von Echtheitskriterien, welche an bekannten gefälschten Dokumenten ermittelt wurden. Die Ermittlung dieser Echtheitskriterien erfolgt hierbei in für diesen Zweck geeigneten Banknotenprüfmaschi- nen, z.B. in einer Zentralbank oder bei einem entsprechenden Dienstleister. Aus Gründen der Datenreduktion handelt es sich hierbei bevorzugterweise um Echtheitskriterien, welche charakteristisch sind für den Unterschied zwischen einem gefälschten und einem echten Dokument. Die im zweiten Teilschritt der Echtheitsprüfung herangezogenen Echtheitskriterien werden in dem dargestellten Beispiel von einer Steuereinrichtung 31, z.B. von einem Server einer Zentralbank oder eines zentralen Dienstleisters aus, über eine drahtgebundene oder drahtlose Verbindung 32 an eine oder mehrere Prüfstationen 30 gleichzeitig übermittelt. Die Übermittlung der entsprechenden Daten kann aber auch mittels geeigneter Datenträger erfolgen, z.B. per Flash- Card, Speicherbausteinen, Floppy, CD oder DVD. Wird nun im zweiten Teilschritt der Echtheitsprüfung ein entsprechender charakteristischer Unterschied festgestellt, so kann das Dokument 10 mit hoher Wahrscheinlichkeit als Fälschung identifiziert werden, auch wenn es die Echtheitskriterien im ersten Teilschritt der Echtheitsprüfung erfüllt. Prinzipiell kann hierbei die zeitliche Reihenfolge der beiden Teilschritte beliebig gewählt werden.FIG. 2 shows the schematic structure of a system for checking authenticity on the basis of authenticity criteria, which were determined on forged documents. The mode of operation of such a system differs from the example shown in FIG. 1 mainly in that the authenticity check carried out in the value device 16 takes place in two partial steps. In a first sub-step, the authenticity check is carried out using - preferably divided into authenticity classes - Authenticity criteria. As already explained in connection with FIG. 1, the authenticity class can be selected depending on the determined state of the document 10 to be checked. If the measured authenticity features meet the specified authenticity criteria, the corresponding authenticity class is assigned to document 10. In a second sub-step of the authenticity check, an additional check is carried out using authenticity criteria which have been determined on known forged documents. These authenticity criteria are determined here in banknote checking machines suitable for this purpose, for example in a central bank or at a corresponding service provider. For reasons of data reduction, these are preferably authenticity criteria which are characteristic of the difference between a forged and a real document. The authenticity criteria used in the second sub-step of the authenticity check are transmitted in the example shown from a control device 31, for example from a server of a central bank or a central service provider, via a wired or wireless connection 32 to one or more test stations 30 simultaneously. The corresponding data can also be transmitted by means of suitable data carriers, for example by flash card, memory chips, floppy, CD or DVD. If a corresponding characteristic difference is now ascertained in the second sub-step of the authenticity check, the document 10 can be identified as a forgery with high probability, even if it fulfills the authenticity criteria in the first sub-step of the authenticity check. In principle, the chronological order of the two substeps can be chosen arbitrarily.
Insgesamt erlaubt dieses System eine einfache und schnelle Aktualisierung von Merkmalen und Kriterien zur Echtheitsprüfung von Banknoten in beliebig vielen Prüf stationen 30 gleichzeitig, so daß eine hohe Zuverlässigkeit bei der Erkennung im Umlauf befindlicher gefälschter Banknoten gewährleistet wird.Overall, this system allows a simple and quick update of features and criteria for checking the authenticity of banknotes in any number of test stations 30 simultaneously, so that a high level of reliability is guaranteed in the detection of counterfeit banknotes in circulation.
Figur 3 zeigt den schematischen Aufbau eines Systems zur Anwendung der erfindungsgemäßen Echtheitsprüfung. Dokumente 10, in diesem Beispiel Banknoten, werden von einem Einzahler bei einer Geschäftsbank 39 einbezahlt. Die Einzahlung kann hierbei z.B. am Terminal eines SB-Recyclingautomaten erfolgen. In der Prüf Station 30, die Teil des Terminals sein kann, werden die Banknoten auf Echtheit geprüft. Wenn die Banknoten den sehr strengen Echtheitskriterien einer ausgewählten Echtheitsklasse genügen, können diese für eine unmittelbare weitere Ausgabe, beispielsweise am selben Terminal, an anderen Ausgabeterminals 34 und/ oder an einem Bankschalter 36, bereitgestellt werden. Alle Banknoten, die nicht diesen sehr strengen Echtheitskriterien genügen, werden einer zentralen Prüfeinrichtung 35, beispielsweise in einer Zentralbank 40, zugeführt, um einer weiterenFIG. 3 shows the schematic structure of a system for using the authenticity check according to the invention. Documents 10, in this example banknotes, are deposited by a depositor at a commercial bank 39. The deposit can be e.g. at the terminal of a self-service recycling machine. In the checking station 30, which can be part of the terminal, the banknotes are checked for authenticity. If the banknotes meet the very strict authenticity criteria of a selected authenticity class, they can be made available for immediate further issuance, for example at the same terminal, at other issuing terminals 34 and / or at a bank counter 36. All banknotes that do not meet these very strict authenticity criteria are fed to a central checking device 35, for example in a central bank 40, to another
Echtheitsprüfung unterzogen zu werden, wobei dort zur Prüfung auch sog. Hochsicherheitsmerkmale herangezogen werden, anhand derer eine besonders zuverlässige Erkennung gefälschter Banknoten gewährleistet ist. Banknoten, die diese Kriterien erfüllen, können nunmehr wieder in den Umlauf gegeben werden, indem sie an eine Geschäftsbank 39 zur Auszahlung anAuthenticity check, whereby so-called high security features are also used for the check, by means of which a particularly reliable detection of counterfeit banknotes is guaranteed. Banknotes that meet these criteria can now be put back into circulation by sending them to a commercial bank 39 for payment
Ausgabeterminals 34 oder an einem Bankschalter 36 zurückgegeben werden.Output terminals 34 or returned to a bank counter 36.
In diesem Beispiel ist außerdem eine Steuereinheit 31 vorgesehen, in welcher - wie bereits in der Beschreibung zu Figur 2 angegeben - anhand von gefälschten Banknoten zusätzliche Echtheitskriterien ermittelt werden, welche charakteristische Unterschiede zwischen echten Banknoten und in der zentralen Prüf einrichtung 35 als Fälschung erkannten Banknoten betreffen. Die Fälschungen können hierbei direkt von der Prüfeinrichtung 35 an die Steuereinheit 31 übermittelt werden. Die dort ermittelten Echtheitskriterien wer- den dann über die Verbindung 32 an die Prüf Station 30 übermittelt und können dort - ggf. zusätzlich neben den in verschiedene Echtheitsklassen eingeteilten Echtheitskriterien - zur Echtheitsprüfung von Banknoten herangezogen werden.In this example, a control unit 31 is also provided, in which - as already stated in the description of FIG. 2 - additional authenticity criteria are determined on the basis of counterfeit banknotes, which relate to characteristic differences between real banknotes and banknotes recognized as counterfeit in the central checking device 35 , The counterfeits can be transmitted directly from the test device 35 to the control unit 31. The authenticity criteria determined there are which is then transmitted to the checking station 30 via the connection 32 and can be used there - if necessary in addition to the authenticity criteria divided into different authenticity classes - for the authenticity check of banknotes.
Um eine Rückverfolgung eingezahlter Fälschungen zu ermöglichen, können darüber hinaus charakteristische Daten, z.B. Druckbilder und/ oder Seriennummern, zu den einbezahlten Banknoten zusammen mit Daten zum Einzahler, z.B. Kontonummer und/ oder persönliche Identifikationsnummer (PIN), zusammen in der Steuereinrichtung 31 gespeichert werden. Wird in der zentralen Prüf einrichtung 35 eine Banknote als Fälschung erkannt, so werden charakteristische Daten, z.B. Druckbilder und/oder Seriennummern, der Banknote an die Steuereinrichtung 31 übermittelt. Dort kann durch Vergleich der gespeicherten mit den übermittelten Daten der Einzahler der ge- fälschten Banknote identifiziert werden. Die Steuereinheit 31 kann hierbei entweder, wie dargestellt, innerhalb der Geschäftsbank 39 installiert sein oder sich außerhalb derselben, beispielsweise bei einem zentralen Dienstleister, befinden.In order to enable traced counterfeits to be traced, characteristic data, e.g. Print images and / or serial numbers for the paid-in banknotes together with data for the payer, e.g. Account number and / or personal identification number (PIN) are stored together in the control device 31. If a banknote is recognized as a counterfeit in the central checking device 35, characteristic data, e.g. Print images and / or serial numbers, the bank note transmitted to the control device 31. There, the payer of the counterfeit banknote can be identified by comparing the stored data with the transmitted data. The control unit 31 can either be installed inside the commercial bank 39, as shown, or be located outside the latter, for example at a central service provider.
Das in Figur 3 dargestellte System behandelt beispielhaft die Anwendung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens bei der Echtheitsprüfung von Banknoten an einem Einzahlungsautomaten einer Geschäftsbank. Prinzipiell kann die Echtheitsprüfung aber auch in einer Banknotenbearbeitungsmaschine erfolgen, in welcher Banknoten - z.B. nach Einzahlung am Schalter einer Ge- schäftsbank - von einem Angestellten zur Prüfung und/ oder Sortierung eingegeben werden. Die Echtheitsprüfung sowie der anschließende Verfahrensablauf bei der Sortierung, Wiederausgabe und/ oder Weitergabe zur Prüfung in einer Zentralbank erfolgen hierbei analog. The system shown in FIG. 3 deals, for example, with the use of the method according to the invention for checking the authenticity of banknotes at a deposit machine of a commercial bank. In principle, the authenticity check can also be carried out in a banknote processing machine in which banknotes - e.g. after deposit at the counter of a commercial bank - entered by an employee for checking and / or sorting. The authenticity check and the subsequent procedure for sorting, reissuing and / or forwarding for checking in a central bank are carried out analogously.

Claims

P a t e n t a n s p r ü c h e Patent claims
1. Verfahren zur Echtheitsprüfung von Dokumenten, bei welchem ein Dokument (10) anhand von Echtheitskriterien geprüft wird, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß1. A method for checking the authenticity of documents, in which a document (10) is checked on the basis of authenticity criteria, characterized in that
- mindestens zwei unterschiedliche Echtheitsklassen mit jeweils einem oder mehreren Echtheitskriterien vorgesehen sind, wobei sich die einzelnen Echtheitsklassen in mindestens einem Echtheitskriterium voneinander unterscheiden, - eine Echtheitsklasse aus den unterschiedlichen Echtheitsklassen ausgewählt wird und das Dokument (10) anhand der Echtheitskriterien der ausgewählten Echtheitsklasse geprüft wird und- at least two different authenticity classes are provided, each with one or more authenticity criteria, the individual authenticity classes differing from one another in at least one authenticity criterion, - an authenticity class is selected from the different authenticity classes and the document (10) is checked on the basis of the authenticity criteria of the selected authenticity class and
- dem Dokument (10) die ausgewählte Echtheitsklasse zugeordnet wird, wenn deren Echtheitskriterien von dem Dokument (10) erfüllt werden.- The document (10) is assigned the selected authenticity class if its authenticity criteria are met by the document (10).
2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Nichterfüllung der Echtheitskriterien der ausgewählten Echtheitsklasse eine weitere Echtheitsklasse ausgewählt wird und die Echtheitsprüfung anhand der Echtheitskriterien der ausgewählten weiteren Echtheitsklasse wiederholt wird.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that if the authenticity criteria of the selected authenticity class are not met, a further authenticity class is selected and the authenticity check is repeated on the basis of the authenticity criteria of the selected further authenticity class.
3. Verfahren nach einem der obenstehenden Ansprüchen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zustand und/ oder die Stückelung des Dokuments (10) ermittelt wird und anschließend die Auswahl der Echtheitsklasse in Abhän- gigkeit des Zustands und/oder der Stückelung des Dokuments (10) erfolgt.3. The method according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that the state and / or the denomination of the document (10) is determined and then the selection of the authenticity class is carried out depending on the state and / or the denomination of the document (10) ,
4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zustand des Dokuments (10) in Zustandskiassen einteilbar ist, dem Dokument (10) eine dem Zustand entsprechende Zustandskiasse zugeordnet wird und die Auswahl der Echtheitsklasse zur Echtheitsprüfung des Dokuments (10) in Abhängigkeit der dem Dokument (10) zugeordneten Zustandskiasse erfolgt. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the state of the document (10) can be divided into state classes, the document (10) is assigned a state class corresponding to the state and the selection of the authenticity class for checking the authenticity of the document (10) as a function of the state ski class assigned to the document (10).
5. Verfahren nach einem der obenstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die einzelnen Dokument (10) entsprechend der jeweils zugeordneten Echtheitsklasse sortiert werden.5. The method according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that the individual documents (10) are sorted according to the respectively assigned authenticity class.
6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die einzelnen Dokument (10) zusätzlich entsprechend ihres Zustands, gegebenenfalls ihrer Zustandskiasse, und/ oder ihrer Stückelung sortiert werden.6. The method according to claim 5, characterized in that the individual documents (10) are additionally sorted according to their state, possibly their state class, and / or their denomination.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 5 oder 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dokumente (10) sortiert werden und hierbei in eine oder mehrere Sortierklassen eingeteilt werden, wobei in eine erste Sortierklasse diejenigen Dokumente (10) eingeteilt werden, die einen sehr guten (ATM-fit) Zustand aufweisen, denen eine bestimmte Echtheitsklasse zugeordnet wurde und die sich in einer gewünschten Lage befinden und/ oder einer gewünschten Stük- kelung angehören.7. The method according to any one of claims 5 or 6, characterized in that the documents (10) are sorted and are divided into one or more sorting classes, with a first sorting class being those documents (10) which have a very good ( ATM-fit) have a state to which a certain authenticity class has been assigned and which are in a desired position and / or belong to a desired segmentation.
8. Verfahren nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in eine zweite Sortierklasse diejenigen Dokumente (10) eingeteilt werden, denen keine der Echtheitsklassen zugeordnet wurde und/ oder sich nicht in der gewünschten Lage befinden und/ oder nicht einer gewünschten Stückelung angehören.8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that those documents (10) are divided into a second sorting class, to which none of the authenticity classes has been assigned and / or are not in the desired position and / or do not belong to a desired denomination.
9. Verfahren nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in eine dritte Sortierklasse alle restlichen Dokumente (10) eingeteilt werden, welche nicht in die erste oder zweite Sortierklasse eingeteilt werden.9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that in a third sorting class all remaining documents (10) are divided, which are not divided into the first or second sorting class.
10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in die erste Sortierklasse eingeteilten Dokumente (10) zu einer weiteren unmittelbaren Verwendung bereitgestellt werden. 10. The method according to any one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the documents (10) divided into the first sorting class are made available for further immediate use.
11. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die in die dritte Sortierklasse eingeteilten Dokumente (10) an eine Prüfeinrichtung (35) weitergegeben werden und dort einer weiteren Echtheits- prüfung, insbesondere anhand weiterer Echtheitskriterien, unterzogen werden.11. The method according to any one of claims 9 to 10, characterized in that the documents (10) divided into the third sorting class are passed on to a test device (35) and are subjected to a further authenticity check, in particular on the basis of further authenticity criteria.
12. Verfahren nach Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diejenigen der in der zentralen Prüfeinrichtung (35) geprüften Dokumente (10) zu einer weiteren Verwendung bereitgestellt werden, die einen guten (fit) oder sehr guten (ATM-fit) Zustand aufweisen und die Echtheitskriterien der Echtheitsprüfung in der zentralen Prüfeinheit (35) erfüllen.12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that those of the documents (10) checked in the central checking device (35) are made available for further use, which have a good (fit) or very good (ATM-fit) condition and the Fulfill the authenticity criteria of the authenticity test in the central test unit (35).
13. Verfahren nach einem der obenstehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekenn- zeichnet, daß die Dokumente (10) durch einen Einzahler eingegeben und der13. The method according to any one of the above claims, characterized in that the documents (10) entered by a depositor and the
Echtheitsprüfung zugeführt werden und daß den Einzahler identifizierende Daten sowie charakteristische Daten der eingegebenen Dokumente (10) zusammen gespeichert werden.Authenticity check are supplied and that the payer identifying data and characteristic data of the entered documents (10) are stored together.
14. Verfahren zur Echtheitsprüfung von Dokumenten, insbesondere nach einem der obenstehenden Ansprüche, bei welchem14. A method for checking the authenticity of documents, in particular according to one of the above claims, in which
- ein Dokument (10) anhand von Echtheitskriterien geprüft wird und- a document (10) is checked on the basis of authenticity criteria and
- das Dokument (10) als echt eingestuft wird, wenn die Echtheitskriterien erfüllt werden, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zumindest ein Teil der zur Echtheitsprüfung herangezogenen Echtheitskriterien anhand gefälschter Dokument (10) ermittelt wird. - The document (10) is classified as genuine if the authenticity criteria are met, characterized in that at least part of the authenticity criteria used for the authenticity check is determined on the basis of a forged document (10).
15. Verfahren nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Echtheitsprüfung in einer Prüfstation (30) durchgeführt wird und die Ermittlung zumindest eines Teils der zur Echtheitsprüfung in der Prüfstation (30) herangezogenen Echtheitskriterien anhand gefälschter Dokumente (10) in einer Steuereinrichtung (31) erfolgt.15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the authenticity test is carried out in a test station (30) and the determination of at least part of the authenticity criteria used for the authenticity test in the test station (30) on the basis of forged documents (10) in a control device (31) he follows.
16. Verfahren nach Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß von der Steuereinrichtung (31) aus Informationen zu den anhand gefälschter Dokumente (10) ermittelten Echtheitskriterien an die Prüf Station (30) übertragen werden.16. The method according to claim 15, characterized in that information about the authenticity criteria determined on the basis of forged documents (10) is transmitted from the control device (31) to the test station (30).
17. Verfahren nach Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die von der Steuereinrichtung (31) an die Prüfstation (30) übertragenen Informationen charakteristische Unterschiede zwischen einem gefälschten und einem ech- ten Dokument (10) betreffen.17. The method according to claim 16, characterized in that the information transmitted from the control device (31) to the checking station (30) relates to characteristic differences between a forged and a real document (10).
18. Vorrichtung zur Echtheitsprüfung von Dokumenten, insbesondere Banknoten, Wert- oder Sicherheitsdokumenten, mit18. Device for checking the authenticity of documents, in particular banknotes, value or security documents
- mindestens einer Meßeinrichtung (15) zur Messung von mindestens ei- nem Echtheitsmerkmal an einem zu prüfenden Dokument (10) und- At least one measuring device (15) for measuring at least one authenticity feature on a document (10) to be checked and
- mindestens einer Auswerteeinrichtung (16) zur Prüfung des gemessenen Echtheitsmerkmals anhand von Echtheitskriterien, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Aus Werteeinrichtung (16) zur Echtheitsprüfung des Dokuments (10) anhand von Echtheitskriterien einer aus mehre- ren unterschiedlichen Echtheitsklassen ausgewählten Echtheitsklasse ausgebildet ist, wobei- At least one evaluation device (16) for checking the measured authenticity feature on the basis of authenticity criteria, characterized in that the evaluation device (16) for checking the authenticity of the document (10) is designed on the basis of authenticity criteria of an authenticity class selected from several different authenticity classes, whereby
- die Echtheitsklassen jeweils ein oder mehrere Echtheitskriterien umfassen und sich in mindestens einem Echtheitskriterium voneinander unterscheiden und - dem Dokument (10) die ausgewählte Echtheitsklasse zugeordnet wird, wenn deren Echtheitskriterien von dem Dokument (10) erfüllt werden.the authenticity classes each comprise one or more authenticity criteria and differ from one another in at least one authenticity criterion and - The document (10) is assigned the selected authenticity class if its authenticity criteria are met by the document (10).
19. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 18, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Meßeinrichtung (15) zur Messung von mindestens einem Zustandsmerkmal, welches den Zustand eines zu prüfenden Dokuments (10) charakterisiert, ausgebildet ist und die Auswerteeinrichtung (16) zur Bestimmung des Zustands des Dokuments (10) aus dem gemessenen Zustandsmerkmal sowie zur Auswahl der Echtheitsklasse in Abhängigkeit vom bestimmten Zustand des Dokuments (10) ausgebildet ist.19. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the measuring device (15) for measuring at least one status feature, which characterizes the state of a document to be checked (10), and the evaluation device (16) for determining the state of the document ( 10) from the measured status feature and for selecting the authenticity class as a function of the specific status of the document (10).
20. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 18 bis 19, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Ausgabeeinrichtung (12) zur Ausgabe von nach ihrer Echtheitsklasse und/ oder ihrem Zustand und/ oder ihrer Stückelung sortierten Dokumenten (10) vorgesehen ist.20. Device according to one of claims 18 to 19, characterized in that an output device (12) is provided for the output of documents (10) sorted according to their authenticity class and / or their condition and / or their denomination.
21. Vorrichtung zur Echtheitsprüfung von Dokumenten, insbesondere Banknoten, Wert- oder Sicherheitsdokumenten, mit21. Device for checking the authenticity of documents, in particular bank notes, value or security documents
- mindestens einer Meßeinrichtung (15) zur Messung von mindestens ei- nem Echtheitsmerkmal an einem zu prüfenden Dokument (10) und- At least one measuring device (15) for measuring at least one authenticity feature on a document (10) to be checked and
- mindestens einer Auswerteeinrichtung (16) zur Prüfung des gemessenen Echtheitsmerkmals anhand von Echtheitskriterien, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Auswerteeinrichtung (16) zur Echtheitsprüfung des Dokuments (10) anhand von Echtheitskriterien ausgebildet ist, welche anhand gefälschter Dokument (10) ermittelt wurden.- At least one evaluation device (16) for checking the measured authenticity feature on the basis of authenticity criteria, characterized in that the evaluation device (16) is designed for checking the authenticity of the document (10) on the basis of authenticity criteria, which were determined on the basis of a falsified document (10).
22. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 21, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß eine Steuereinrichtung (31) vorgesehen ist, welche zur Ermittlung der Echtheitskriterien anhand gefälschter Dokument (10) ausgebildet ist und von welcher aus Informationen zu den anhand gefälschter Dokumente (10) ermittelten Echtheitskriterien an die Auswerteeinrichtung (16) übertragbar sind. 22. The apparatus according to claim 21, characterized in that a control device (31) is provided, which is designed to determine the authenticity criteria on the basis of a forged document (10) and from which Information about the authenticity criteria determined on the basis of forged documents (10) can be transmitted to the evaluation device (16).
EP01962728.0A 2000-06-13 2001-06-11 Method and apparatus for verifying the authenticity of documents Expired - Lifetime EP1295262B2 (en)

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DE10029051A1 (en) 2001-12-20
US7552864B2 (en) 2009-06-30
EP1295262B1 (en) 2012-11-21
AU2001283852A1 (en) 2001-12-24
WO2001097180A2 (en) 2001-12-20
EP2278559A2 (en) 2011-01-26
EP2278559A3 (en) 2012-06-06
US20090242627A1 (en) 2009-10-01
WO2001097180A3 (en) 2002-05-30
US20030168849A1 (en) 2003-09-11
EP1295262B2 (en) 2021-01-20

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