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EP1274909A1 - System for controlling right of access to a vehicle - Google Patents

System for controlling right of access to a vehicle

Info

Publication number
EP1274909A1
EP1274909A1 EP01929313A EP01929313A EP1274909A1 EP 1274909 A1 EP1274909 A1 EP 1274909A1 EP 01929313 A EP01929313 A EP 01929313A EP 01929313 A EP01929313 A EP 01929313A EP 1274909 A1 EP1274909 A1 EP 1274909A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vehicle
transponder
response
calculation
antennas
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01929313A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1274909B1 (en
Inventor
Juergen Hoetzel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP1274909A1 publication Critical patent/EP1274909A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1274909B1 publication Critical patent/EP1274909B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
    • B60R25/20—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off
    • B60R25/24—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off using electronic identifiers containing a code not memorised by the user
    • B60R25/245—Means to switch the anti-theft system on or off using electronic identifiers containing a code not memorised by the user where the antenna reception area plays a role
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60R—VEHICLES, VEHICLE FITTINGS, OR VEHICLE PARTS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B60R25/00—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles
    • B60R25/10—Fittings or systems for preventing or indicating unauthorised use or theft of vehicles actuating a signalling device
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
    • G07C2009/00388—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks code verification carried out according to the challenge/response method
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks
    • G07C2009/00555—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks comprising means to detect or avoid relay attacks
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C2009/00753—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys
    • G07C2009/00769—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means
    • G07C2009/00777—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated by active electrical keys with data transmission performed by wireless means by induction
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C2209/00—Indexing scheme relating to groups G07C9/00 - G07C9/38
    • G07C2209/60—Indexing scheme relating to groups G07C9/00174 - G07C9/00944
    • G07C2209/63—Comprising locating means for detecting the position of the data carrier, i.e. within the vehicle or within a certain distance from the vehicle

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for controlling access authorization to a vehicle with a vehicle-based transmission / reception unit, which has at least two spaced-apart transmission / reception antennas on or in the vehicle, and with a transponder unit, which is used to detect their presence and to exchange them predetermined identification request / response sequence is established by or with the transmitter / receiver unit within a predetermined detection range in or around the vehicle.
  • Such access authorization control systems are so-called passive entry systems and are offered by various providers. You work bidirectionally
  • the access authorization control system shown are predetermined detection areas A, B and C, in which a transponder T must be located, usually laterally provided on the right and left and at the rear of the vehicle F and in the entire interior of the vehicle.
  • These detection areas A, B and C are determined by designing the antenna characteristics of antennas attached to the vehicle, which are connected to a transmitting / receiving unit E, and by emitting / receiving the transmitting / receiving power of the transponder and the vehicle antennas.
  • the power output of the transponder T can also fluctuate depending on the temperature and the current battery voltage of the transponder.
  • a device for checking the access authorization known from DE 198 02 526 A (Robert Bosch GmbH) provides a time determination which determines a time period which elapses from the sending of the identification request until the response signal is received. The determined time period is compared with a limit value and the access authorization is only possible if this time period is smaller than the limit value.
  • the object of the invention is to use large and expensive vehicle antennas of such an access authorization. avoidance control system, simplify and reduce the cost of the antenna structure, improve system security and eliminate the possibility of a transponder attack.
  • the transmitting / receiving unit has calculation / evaluation means which detect the position of the transponder unit by means of a time and / or phase measurement based on a mathematical-geometric method Carry out a response to a response signal received by the at least two transmitting / receiving antennas in response to the identification request and transmitted by the transponder.
  • the time and / or phase measurement method carried out in the access authorization control system according to the invention simplify and reduce the cost of the antenna structures, a higher transmission power of the transponder is made possible and at the same time a transponder attack is made impossible. This can be used to ward off unauthorized persons with a transmission system.
  • transponders e.g. B. for vehicle key systems released a frequency band at 433 MHz and in the United States at 350 MHz.
  • the transmit / receive antennas required in the invention can be designed as monopoles for these frequencies.
  • These are linear antennas with ground reference on one side, which, for. B. right and left in the rear Washer and can be attached to one side in the windshield. Their length is approx. 17 cm for the European market and approx. 24 cm in the United States.
  • the frequency can be increased in the system according to the invention.
  • Released ISM frequency bands at 1.25 GHz and 2.4 GHz are to be preferred here.
  • three transmission / reception antennas can be provided on the vehicle.
  • the calculation and evaluation means of the transmission / reception unit are set up to determine a runtime difference between the sending of an identification request from a transmission / reception antenna and the detection of the receipt of the reception of the identification response then transmitted by the transponder unit at at least two transmission / reception antennas to eat.
  • the mathematical-geometric method proposed according to the invention can be used to determine the transponder position in relation to a clearly defined vehicle zero point.
  • Internal signal propagation times which are used to process the identifier response received by the transmitter / receiver unit from the various transmitter / receiver antennas, can be assumed to be constant and each have the same length.
  • the can also Transponder-internal runtime from receipt of the identification request to transmission of the identification response are assumed to be constant.
  • the accuracy or resolution in the position determination can be improved even more if the calculation and evaluation means, in addition to the position determination based on the transit time difference, also carry out a position determination based on a phase evaluation.
  • the phase difference of the identification response received at the plurality of transmitting / receiving antennas upon transmission of the identification request is determined.
  • the phase measurement can be used advantageously in particular at frequencies in the lower megahertz range, since the wavelength ⁇ is correspondingly large here. A highly precise time measurement can then advantageously be dispensed with.
  • a very advantageous effect of the time measurement method is that the electromagnetic waves cover a distance of 30 cm or 15 cm within 1 ns within the atmosphere. If the measured transit time is greater than a predetermined maximum time, which is composed of the transit time for the distance and the internal transit times, access to the vehicle is denied.
  • Figure 1 schematically detection areas outside a vehicle for the detection of the position of a transponder, as already explained and
  • FIG. 2 graphically shows a model of the mathematical-geometric position determination method proposed by the calculation and evaluation means proposed in the invention.
  • three vehicle antennas Ei, E 2 and E 3 are connected to a transmitting / receiving unit E.
  • an access authorization control system according to the invention can also be implemented with two antennas, which, for. B. m the rear window and lie in a side window.
  • FIG. 2 representing a model of the mathematical-geometric position determination method.
  • the system is the internal runtime in the transceiver z. B. for processing and sending the identification request, for receiving and amplifying the signal, for transmission via the antenna line, etc. known.
  • the internal runtimes in the vehicle-based system part are also constant with good approximation.
  • the time between sending the identification request and receiving the transponder response is therefore made up of the following times: FAA i ⁇ In-vehicle time preparation and transmission of the identification request, e.g. B. via antenna El, t s ⁇ - transit time between vehicle race El and transponder T, t ⁇ - processing time within the transponder T, t s ⁇ - transit time between transponder T and vehicle antenna El and t F EAi _ transit time for processing the reception of antenna El on the vehicle.
  • the relevant time ti is the measuring time t m according to equation 1 minus the constant runtime components. Therefore:
  • the distances between the antennas Ei, E 2 and E 3 are denoted by a, d and u, respectively.
  • the distances from the antennas Ei, E 2 and E to the location S of the transponder T are designated Si, S 2 and S 3 .
  • angles of the triangle E ⁇ SE 2 are denoted by ⁇
  • ß and the angles of the triangle E 2 SE 3 are denoted by ⁇ , ⁇ and ⁇ .
  • the calculation / evaluation device can carry out a phase evaluation in addition to the length determination described above via the response time. This is particularly advantageous at frequencies in the lower MHz range, since the wavelengths ⁇ are correspondingly long here. Another advantage is the fact that there is no need for highly accurate time measurement. The following applies:
  • a very advantageous effect of the time measurement method is that electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere cover a distance of 30 cm or 15 cm in a nanosecond. If the measurement time is greater than a set maximum time, which is made up of the running time for the distance between the vehicle and the transponder and the internal running times, access to the vehicle is denied.
  • the access authorization control system according to the invention thus offers the advantage that a relatively high transmission power can be used. Another advantage arises from the fact that a transponder attack is no longer possible successfully, since the time for the identification response corresponding to the maximum distance for unlocking the vehicle is exceeded with the transmission by an intermediary transmission site.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)
  • Radar Systems Or Details Thereof (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a system for controlling the right of access to a vehicle, comprising a vehicle-based transmitter/receiver unit (E) with at least two spaced-apart transmitter/receiver antennas on or in the vehicle, and a transponder unit (T) adapted to detect the presence of and to exchange a predetermined identification request/response sequence by or with the transmitter/receiver unit (E) within a predetermined range of detection in or around the vehicle (F). The invention is further characterized in that the transmitter/receiver unit (E) is provided with calculation/evaluation devices that detect a position of the transponder unit (T) by means of a time and/or phase measurement based on mathematical-geometrical methods in response to a response signal emitted by the transponder (T) and received by the at least two transmitter/receiver antennas (E1, E2, E3) in response to the identification request.

Description

SYSTEM ZUR KONTROLLE DER ZUGANGSBERECHTIGUNG ZU EINEM FAHRZEUG SYSTEM FOR CONTROLLING ACCESS TO A VEHICLE
Stand der TechnikState of the art
Die Erfindung betrifft ein System zur Kontrolle der Zugangsberechtigung zu einem Fahrzeug mit einer fahrzeugbasierten Sende-/E pfangseinheit, die mindestens zwei voneinander beabstandete Sende-/Empfangsantennen am oder im Fahrzeug aufweist, und mit einer Transpondereinheit, die zur Detektion ihres Vorhandenseins und zum Austausch einer vorbestimmten Kennungsaufforderung/Antwortsequenz durch die bzw. mit der Sende-/Empfangseinheit innerhalb eines vorbestimmten Detektionsbereichs in dem bzw. um das Fahrzeug eingerichtet ist.The invention relates to a system for controlling access authorization to a vehicle with a vehicle-based transmission / reception unit, which has at least two spaced-apart transmission / reception antennas on or in the vehicle, and with a transponder unit, which is used to detect their presence and to exchange them predetermined identification request / response sequence is established by or with the transmitter / receiver unit within a predetermined detection range in or around the vehicle.
Derartige Zugangsberechtigungskontrollsysteme sind sogenannte Passive-Entry-Systeme und werden von verschiedenen Anbietern angeboten. Sie arbeiten bidirektionalSuch access authorization control systems are so-called passive entry systems and are offered by various providers. You work bidirectionally
-und bestimmen die Position der für ein Fahrzeug zugelassenen bzw. autorisierten Personen durch die Erfassung eines Transpondersignals auf die Interaktion mit diesem innerhalb eines gültigen Detek- tionsbereichs .-and determine the position of the persons authorized or authorized for a vehicle by detecting a transponder signal on the interaction with it within a valid detection range.
Bei einem solchen beispielhaft in der beiliegenden FigurIn such an example in the accompanying figure
1 dargestellten Zugangsberechtigungskontrollsystem sind vorbestimmte Detektionsbereiche A, B und C, in denen sich ein Transponder T befinden muss, in der Regel seitlich rechts und links und am Heck des Fahrzeugs F sowie im gesamten Innenbereich des Fahrzeugs vorgesehen. Die Festlegung dieser Detektionsbereiche A, B und C erfolgt durch die Gestaltung der Antennencharakteristik von am Fahrzeug angebrachten Antennen, die mit einer Sende/- Empfangseinheit E verbunden sind, sowie durch die Abgabe/Aufnahme der Sende-/Empfangsleistung des Transponders und der Fahrzeugantennen. Nachteiligerweise sind hierzu aufwendige, große und teuere Fahrzeugantennen notwendig. Die Leistungsabgabe des Transponders T kann außerdem abhängig von der Temperatur und der aktuellen Batteriespannung des Transponders schwanken.1, the access authorization control system shown are predetermined detection areas A, B and C, in which a transponder T must be located, usually laterally provided on the right and left and at the rear of the vehicle F and in the entire interior of the vehicle. These detection areas A, B and C are determined by designing the antenna characteristics of antennas attached to the vehicle, which are connected to a transmitting / receiving unit E, and by emitting / receiving the transmitting / receiving power of the transponder and the vehicle antennas. Disadvantageously, complex, large and expensive vehicle antennas are necessary for this. The power output of the transponder T can also fluctuate depending on the temperature and the current battery voltage of the transponder.
Des weiteren muss ein großer Aufwand in die Abwehr von Transponderattacken gegen unberechtigten Zugang in das Fahrzeug gelegt werden.Furthermore, a great deal of effort has to be put into the defense against transponder attacks against unauthorized access in the vehicle.
Eine aus der DE 198 02 526 A (Robert Bosch GmbH) bekannte Vorrichtung zur Kontrolle der Zugangsberechtigung sieht eine Zeitermittlung vor, die eine Zeitspanne ermittelt, die, beginnend mit dem Senden der Kennungsaufforderung bis zum Empfang des Antwortsignals verstreicht. Die ermittelte Zeitspanne wird mit einem Grenzwert verglichen und die Zugangsberechtigung nur dann ermöglicht, wenn diese Zeitspanne kleiner als der Grenzwert ist.A device for checking the access authorization known from DE 198 02 526 A (Robert Bosch GmbH) provides a time determination which determines a time period which elapses from the sending of the identification request until the response signal is received. The determined time period is compared with a limit value and the access authorization is only possible if this time period is smaller than the limit value.
Aufgabe und Vorteile der ErfindungObject and advantages of the invention
Es ist Aufgabe der Erfindung, die Verwendung großer und teuerer Fahrzeugantennen eines solchen Zugangsberechti- gungskontrollsystems zu vermeiden, die Antennenstruktur zur vereinfachen und zu verbilligen, die Systemsicherheit zu verbessern und die Möglichkeit einer Transponder- attacke zu eliminieren.The object of the invention is to use large and expensive vehicle antennas of such an access authorization. avoidance control system, simplify and reduce the cost of the antenna structure, improve system security and eliminate the possibility of a transponder attack.
Die obige Aufgabe wird gemäß einem wesentlichen Aspekt der Erfindung dadurch gelöst, dass die Sende-/Empfangs- einheit Berechnungs-/Auswertemittel aufweist, die die Detektion einer Position der Transpondereinheit mittels einer auf einem mathematisch-geometrischen Verfahren beruhenden Zeit- und/oder Phasenmessung in Reaktion auf ein von den mindestens zwei Sende-/Empfangsantennen auf die Kennungsaufforderung hin empfangenen vom Transponder ausgesendeten Antwortsignal durchführen.According to an essential aspect of the invention, the above object is achieved in that the transmitting / receiving unit has calculation / evaluation means which detect the position of the transponder unit by means of a time and / or phase measurement based on a mathematical-geometric method Carry out a response to a response signal received by the at least two transmitting / receiving antennas in response to the identification request and transmitted by the transponder.
Durch das im erfindungsgemäßen Zugangsberechtigungs- kontrollsystem durchgeführte Zeit- und/oder Phasenme ssverfahren vereinfachen und verbilligen sich die Antennenstrukturen, wird eine höhere Sendeleistung des Trans- ponders ermöglicht und gleichzeitig eine Transponder- attacke unmöglich gemacht. Damit lassen sich nicht autorisierte Personen mit Übertragungsanlage abwehren.The time and / or phase measurement method carried out in the access authorization control system according to the invention simplify and reduce the cost of the antenna structures, a higher transmission power of the transponder is made possible and at the same time a transponder attack is made impossible. This can be used to ward off unauthorized persons with a transmission system.
In Europa ist für die Verwendung von Transpondern, z. B. für Fahrzeug-Key-Systeme ein Frequenzband bei 433 MHz und in den Vereinigten Staate bei 350 MHz postalisch freigegeben. Die in der Erfindung benötigten Sende/Empfangsantennen können für diese Frequenzen als Monopole ausgeführt werden. Dies sind lineare Antennen mit Massebezug auf einer Seite, die z. B. rechts und links in der Heck- Scheibe und auf einer Seite in der Frontscheibe angebracht sein können. Ihre Länge beträgt für den europäischen Markt ca. 17 cm bzw. in den Vereinigten Staaten ca. 24 cm.In Europe, the use of transponders, e.g. B. for vehicle key systems released a frequency band at 433 MHz and in the United States at 350 MHz. The transmit / receive antennas required in the invention can be designed as monopoles for these frequencies. These are linear antennas with ground reference on one side, which, for. B. right and left in the rear Washer and can be attached to one side in the windshield. Their length is approx. 17 cm for the European market and approx. 24 cm in the United States.
Um die Antennen zu verkleinern und die postalisch zugelassene Bandbreite zu erhöhen, kann bei dem in dem erfindungsgemäßen System die Frequenz erhöht werden. Hier sind freigegebene ISM-Frequenzbänder bei 1,25 GHz und 2,4 GHz zu bevorzugen.In order to reduce the size of the antennas and to increase the bandwidth permitted by post, the frequency can be increased in the system according to the invention. Released ISM frequency bands at 1.25 GHz and 2.4 GHz are to be preferred here.
Erfindungsgemäß können zwei oder, was die Systemsicher- heit noch steigert, drei Sende-/Empfangsantennen am Fahrzeug vorgesehen sein.According to the invention, two or, which further increases the system security, three transmission / reception antennas can be provided on the vehicle.
Die Berechnungs- und Auswertemittel der Sende-/Empfangs- einheit sind dafür eingerichtet, einen Laufzeitunterschied zwischen dem Absenden einer Kennungsaufforderung von einer Sende-/Empfangsantenne und der Detektion des Empfangs des Empfangs der daraufhin von der Transpondereinheit ausgesendeten Kennungsantwort an wenigstens zwei Sende-/Empfangsantennen zu messen. Mit diesem gemessenen LaufZeitunterschied lässt sich durch das erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagene mathematisch-geometrische Verfahren die Transponderposition bezogen auf einen eindeutig festgelegten Fahrzeugnullpunkt ermitteln. Dabei können interne Signallaufzeiten, die zur Aufarbeitung der von der Sende- /Empfangseinheit von den verschiedenen Sende-/Empfangsantennen empfangenen Kennungsantwort als konstant und jeweils gleich lang angenommen werden. Ebenfalls kann die transponderinterne Laufzeit vom Empfang der Kennungs- aufforderung bis zum Aussenden der Kennungsantwort als konstant angenommen werden.The calculation and evaluation means of the transmission / reception unit are set up to determine a runtime difference between the sending of an identification request from a transmission / reception antenna and the detection of the receipt of the reception of the identification response then transmitted by the transponder unit at at least two transmission / reception antennas to eat. With this measured running time difference, the mathematical-geometric method proposed according to the invention can be used to determine the transponder position in relation to a clearly defined vehicle zero point. Internal signal propagation times, which are used to process the identifier response received by the transmitter / receiver unit from the various transmitter / receiver antennas, can be assumed to be constant and each have the same length. The can also Transponder-internal runtime from receipt of the identification request to transmission of the identification response are assumed to be constant.
Die Genauigkeit bzw. Auflösung bei der Positionsbestimmung lässt sich noch verbessern, wenn die Berechnungsund Auswertemittel außer der auf dem Laufzeitunterschied beruhenden Positionsbestimmung zusätzlich eine auf einer Phasenauswertung beruhende Positionsbestimmung ausführen. Dabei wird die Phasendifferenz der an den mehreren Sende- /Empfangsantennen auf das Aussenden der Kennungs- aufforderung empfangenen Kennungsantwort ermittelt. Die Phasenmessung ist insbesondere bei Frequenzen im unteren Megahertzbereich vorteilhaft einsetzbar, da hier die Wellenlänge λ entsprechend groß ist. Dann kann vorteilhafterweise auf eine hochgenaue Zeitmessung verzichtet werden.The accuracy or resolution in the position determination can be improved even more if the calculation and evaluation means, in addition to the position determination based on the transit time difference, also carry out a position determination based on a phase evaluation. The phase difference of the identification response received at the plurality of transmitting / receiving antennas upon transmission of the identification request is determined. The phase measurement can be used advantageously in particular at frequencies in the lower megahertz range, since the wavelength λ is correspondingly large here. A highly precise time measurement can then advantageously be dispensed with.
Eine sehr vorteilhafte Auswirkung des Zeitmessverfahrens ist, dass die elektromagnetischen Wellen in 1 ns 30 cm Strecke bzw. 15 cm Entfernung innerhalb der Atmosphäre zurücklegen. Ist die gemessene Laufzeit größer als eine vorbestimmte maximale Zeit, die sich aus der Laufzeit für die Entfernung und den internen Laufzeiten zusammensetzt, so wird der Zugang zum Fahrzeug verweigert. ZeichnungA very advantageous effect of the time measurement method is that the electromagnetic waves cover a distance of 30 cm or 15 cm within 1 ns within the atmosphere. If the measured transit time is greater than a predetermined maximum time, which is composed of the transit time for the distance and the internal transit times, access to the vehicle is denied. drawing
Die nachstehende Beschreibung erläutert ein Ausfuhrungs- beispiel der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnungsfiguren, d e zeigen:The following description explains an exemplary embodiment of the invention with reference to the drawing figures, which show:
Figur 1 schematisch Detektionsbereiche außerhalb eines Fahrzeugs f r die Erfassung der Position eines Transponders, wie sie bereits erläutert wurden undFigure 1 schematically detection areas outside a vehicle for the detection of the position of a transponder, as already explained and
Figur 2 graphisch ein Modell des in der Erfindung vorgeschlagenen von den Berechnungs- und Auswertemitteln ausgeführten mathematisch-geometrischen Positionserm.it- tlungsverfahrens .FIG. 2 graphically shows a model of the mathematical-geometric position determination method proposed by the calculation and evaluation means proposed in the invention.
Bei einem erfmdungsgemaßen Ausfuhrungsbeispiel sind drei Fahrzeugantennen Ei, E2 und E3 mit einer Sende-/Empfangs- emheit E verbunden. Es sei erwähnt, dass, obwohl das nachstehend beschriebene Ausfuhrungsbeispiel drei Sende- /Empfangsantennen verwendet, ein erfmdungsgemaßes Zugangsberechtigungskontrollsystem auch mit zwei Antennen ausgeführt sein kann, die z. B. m der Heckscheibe und in einer Seitenscheibe liegen können.In an exemplary embodiment according to the invention, three vehicle antennas Ei, E 2 and E 3 are connected to a transmitting / receiving unit E. It should be mentioned that, although the exemplary embodiment described below uses three transmit / receive antennas, an access authorization control system according to the invention can also be implemented with two antennas, which, for. B. m the rear window and lie in a side window.
Nun wird für die nachfolgende Beschreibung Bezug auf d e ein Modell der mathematisch-geometrischen Positionser- mittlungsmethode darstellenden Grafik n Figur 2 genommen. Befindet sich ein Transponder T an einer Position S im Empfangsbereich der Antennen Ei, E2, E3, so wird innerhalb des Zugangsberechtigungskontrollsystems eine bidirektionale Kommunikation zwischen der Sende-/Empfangseinheit E und der Transpondereinheit T aufgebaut. Innerhalb dieser Kommunikation sendet das Fahrzeug von einer Antenne Ei oder E2 oder E3 an den Transponder T eine Kennungsaufforderung zum sofortigen Antworten. Die Zeit zwischen Absenden und Empfang der Kennungsaufforderung wird von einer in der Sende-/Empfangseinheit E vorgesehenen (in der Zeichnung nicht gezeigten) Berechnungs/- Auswertevorrichtung gemessen. Die Zeit, die der Transponder T für die Abarbeitung des Befehls benötigt, ist konstant und dem System bekannt. Des weiteren ist dem System die interne Laufzeit in der Sende-/Empfangseinheit z. B. zum Aufarbeiten und Absenden der Kennungsauf- forderung, für den Empfang und die Verstärkung des Signals, für die Übertragung über die Antennenleitung usw. bekannt. Die internen Laufzeiten in dem kraftfahr- zeugbasierten Systemteil sind ebenfalls mit guter Näherung konstant.For the following description, reference is now made to the diagram n FIG. 2 representing a model of the mathematical-geometric position determination method. If a transponder T is located at a position S in the reception area of the antennas Ei, E 2 , E 3 , bidirectional communication is established between the transceiver unit E and the transponder unit T within the access authorization control system. Within this communication, the vehicle sends an identification request for an immediate response from an antenna Ei or E 2 or E 3 to the transponder T. The time between sending and receiving the identification request is measured by a calculation / evaluation device provided in the transmitting / receiving unit E (not shown in the drawing). The time required for the transponder T to process the command is constant and known to the system. Furthermore, the system is the internal runtime in the transceiver z. B. for processing and sending the identification request, for receiving and amplifying the signal, for transmission via the antenna line, etc. known. The internal runtimes in the vehicle-based system part are also constant with good approximation.
Die Zeit zwischen der Absendung der Kennungsaufforderung und dem Empfang der Transponderantwort setzt sich somit aus folgenden Zeiten zusammen: FAAi ~ Fahrzeuginterne Zeitaufbereitung und Absendung der Kennungsaufforderung, z. B. über Antenne El, tsι - Laufzeit zwischen Fahrzeuganrennte El und Transponder T, tτ - Bearbeitungszeit innerhalb des Transponders T, tsι - Laufzeit zwischen Transponder T und Fahrzeugantenne El und tFEAi _ Laufzeit zur Aufarbeitung des Empfangs von Antenne El am Fahrzeug.The time between sending the identification request and receiving the transponder response is therefore made up of the following times: FAA i ~ In-vehicle time preparation and transmission of the identification request, e.g. B. via antenna El, t s ι - transit time between vehicle race El and transponder T, t τ - processing time within the transponder T, t s ι - transit time between transponder T and vehicle antenna El and t F EAi _ transit time for processing the reception of antenna El on the vehicle.
tm = tFAÄι + 2tsι + tτ + tFEA1 mit tFÄAι,tτ, tFEAi = const (1)t m = t FAÄ ι + 2t s ι + t τ + t FEA1 with t FÄA ι, tτ, t FE Ai = const (1)
Die relevante Zeit ti ist die Messzeit tm gemäß Gleichung 1 abzüglich der konstanten Laufzeitanteile . Somit gilt:The relevant time ti is the measuring time t m according to equation 1 minus the constant runtime components. Therefore:
Für den Empfang über die Antennen E2 und E3 gilt analog:The following applies analogously to reception via antennas E 2 and E 3 :
2*S2=C*t2=C*(tι+Δt2ι) mit t2 = tι+Δt2ι (3)2 * S 2 = C * t 2 = C * (tι + Δt 2 ι) with t 2 = tι + Δt 2 ι (3)
und 2*S3=C*t3=C*(tι+Δt3ι) mit t3 = tι+Δt3ι (4)and 2 * S 3 = C * t 3 = C * (tι + Δt 3 ι) with t 3 = tι + Δt 3 ι (4)
In den oben angeführten Gleichungen (1) bis (3) wird angenommen, dass die Laufzeiten in der Sende-/Emp- fangseinheit E zur Aufarbeitung des Empfangs von der Antenne Ei gleich den entsprechenden Laufzeiten für die Aufarbeitung des Empfangs von den Antennen E2 oder E3 sind. Ist dies nicht der Fall, so müssen die Zeiten gemessen und entsprechend dem obigen Ansatz angepasst werden. Sie sind jedoch, wie die Laufzeit über die Antenne Ei, als konstant anzunehmen. In dem die geometrischen Verhältnisse veranschaulichenden graphischen Modell der Figur 2 stellen Ei, E2 und E3 die Antennen mit ihren jeweiligen Positionen i, Y2; X2, Y2 und X3, Y3 am Fahrzeug und S den Ort des Transponders T dar, dessen Position X?, Y? ermittelt werden soll.In the above-mentioned equations (1) to (3) it is assumed that the transit times in the transmitting / receiving unit E for processing the reception from the antenna Ei are equal to the corresponding transit times for processing the reception from the antennas E 2 or E 3 are. If this is not the case, the times must be measured and adjusted according to the above approach. However, like the transit time via the antenna Ei, they can be assumed to be constant. In the graphic model of FIG. 2 illustrating the geometric relationships, Ei, E 2 and E 3 represent the antennas with their respective positions i, Y 2 ; X 2 , Y 2 and X 3 , Y 3 on the vehicle and S represent the location of the transponder T, whose position X ? , Y ? should be determined.
Die Strecken zwischen den Antennen Ei, E2 und E3 sind jeweils mit a, d und u bezeichnet. Die Strecken von den Antennen Ei, E2 und E zum Ort S des Transponders T sind mit Si, S2 und S3 bezeichnet.The distances between the antennas Ei, E 2 and E 3 are denoted by a, d and u, respectively. The distances from the antennas Ei, E 2 and E to the location S of the transponder T are designated Si, S 2 and S 3 .
Ferner sind die Winkel des Dreiecks EιSE2 mit χ, und ß und die Winkel des Dreiecks E2SE3 jeweils mit ε, δ und φ bezeichnet.Furthermore, the angles of the triangle EιSE 2 are denoted by χ, and ß and the angles of the triangle E 2 SE 3 are denoted by ε, δ and φ.
Am Beispiel des Winkels χ gelten nach dem Kosinuss at z f olgende Bedingungen :Using the example of the angle χ, the following conditions apply after the cosine at z:
a2 + S2ι S2 2 COSχ : 5 ) a 2 + S 2 ι S 2 2 COSχ: 5)
a c Δt2ι COSχ = * (2 * Δt21 + ) ( 6 ) ac Δt 2 ι COSχ = * (2 * Δt 21 +) (6)
und S2 2 = a2 + S2ι - 2 * a * Si * cosχ ( 7 ; Gleichartige Beziehungen lassen sich für die anderen Winkel aufstellen.and S 2 2 = a 2 + S 2 ι - 2 * a * Si * cosχ (7; Similar relationships can be established for the other angles.
Zur Verbesserung der Auflösung bzw. zur Reduzierung der benötigten Bandbreite kann die Berechnungs-/Auswerte- vorrichtung zusätzlich zu der oben beschriebenen Längenbestimmung über die Antwortzeit noch eine Phasenauswertung durchführen. Dies ist insbesondere bei Frequenzen im unteren MHz-Bereich vorteilhaft, da hier die Wellenlängen λ entsprechend lang ist. Ein weiterer Vorteil dabei ist der mögliche Verzicht auf eine hochgenaue Zeitmessung. Es gilt:To improve the resolution or to reduce the bandwidth required, the calculation / evaluation device can carry out a phase evaluation in addition to the length determination described above via the response time. This is particularly advantageous at frequencies in the lower MHz range, since the wavelengths λ are correspondingly long here. Another advantage is the fact that there is no need for highly accurate time measurement. The following applies:
λ = — f ω = 2πf φ(t) = ωt + Δφ φι ( t ) = 0 , <P2 .t ) = ωt + Δφ2i , φ3 (t ) = ωt + Δφ3i λ = - f ω = 2πf φ (t) = ωt + Δφ φι (t) = 0, <P2 .t) = ωt + Δφ 2i , φ 3 (t) = ωt + Δφ 3i
( 8 )( 8th )
Eine sehr vorteilhafte Auswirkung des Zeitmessverfahrens ist, dass elektromagnetische Wellen in der Atmosphäre in einer Nanosekunde 30 cm Strecke bzw. 15 cm Entfernung zurücklegen. Ist die Messzeit größer als eine eingestellte Maximalzeit, die sich aus der Laufzeit für die Entfernung zwischen Fahrzeug und Transponder und den internen Laufzeiten zusammensetzt, so wird Zugang zum Fahrzeug verweigert. Somit bietet das erfindungsgemäße Zugangsberechtigungs- kontrollsystem neben einer einfacheren Antennenstruktur den Vorteil, dass eine verhältnismäßig hohe Sendeleistung verwendet werden kann. Ein weiterer Vorteil entsteht dadurch, dass eine Transponderattacke nicht mehr erfolgreich möglich ist, da mit der Übertragung durch eine zwischengeschaltete Übertragungsstätte die Zeit für die Kennungsantwort entsprechend der maximalen Entfernung für das Entriegeln des Fahrzeugs überschritten wird. A very advantageous effect of the time measurement method is that electromagnetic waves in the atmosphere cover a distance of 30 cm or 15 cm in a nanosecond. If the measurement time is greater than a set maximum time, which is made up of the running time for the distance between the vehicle and the transponder and the internal running times, access to the vehicle is denied. In addition to a simpler antenna structure, the access authorization control system according to the invention thus offers the advantage that a relatively high transmission power can be used. Another advantage arises from the fact that a transponder attack is no longer possible successfully, since the time for the identification response corresponding to the maximum distance for unlocking the vehicle is exceeded with the transmission by an intermediary transmission site.

Claims

PATENTANSPRÜCHE
1. System zur Kontrolle der Zugangsberechtigung zu einem Fahrzeug mit einer fahrzeugbasierten Sende-/Emp- fangseinheit (E) , die mindestens zwei voneinander beabstandete Sende-/Empfangsantennen am oder im Fahrzeug aufweist, und mit einer Transpondereinheit (T) , die zur Detektion ihres Vorhandenseins und zum Austausch einer vorbestimmten Kennungsaufforderung/Antwortsequenz durch die bzw. mit der Sende-/Empfangseinheit (E) innerhalb eines vorbestimmten Detektionsbereichs in dem bzw. um das Fahrzeug (F) eingerichtet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Sende-/Empfangseinheit (E) Berechnungs-/Aus- wertemittel aufweist, die die Detektion einer Position der Transpondereinheit (T) mittels einer auf einem mathematisch-geometrischen Verfahren beruhenden Zeit- und/oder Phasenmessung in Reaktion auf ein von den mindestens zwei Sende-/Empfangsantennen auf die Kennungsaufforderung hin empfangenen, vom Transponder ausgesendeten Antwortsignal durchführen.1. System for controlling the access authorization to a vehicle with a vehicle-based transmission / reception unit (E), which has at least two spaced-apart transmission / reception antennas on or in the vehicle, and with a transponder unit (T), which is used to detect their Presence and for the exchange of a predetermined identification request / response sequence by or with the transmitting / receiving unit (E) within a predetermined detection range in or around the vehicle (F), characterized in that the transmitting / receiving unit (E ) Has calculation / evaluation means which detect a position of the transponder unit (T) by means of a time and / or phase measurement based on a mathematical-geometric method in response to one of the at least two transmit / receive antennas in response to the identification request response signal received and transmitted by the transponder.
2. System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass drei Monopol-Sende-/Empfangsantennen (El, E2, E3) jeweils an den beiden Fahrzeugseiten und am Fahrzeugheck vorgesehen sind.2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that three monopole transmit / receive antennas (El, E2, E3) are provided on both sides of the vehicle and on the rear of the vehicle.
3. System nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Berechnungs-/Auswertemittel Laufzeit- unterschiede zwischen dem Absenden einer Kennungsauf- forderung von einer der Sende-/Empfangsantennen (El, E2, E3) und der Detektion der daraufhin von der Transpondereinheit ausgesendeten Kennungsantwort auf den Empfang derselben an wenigstens zwei der Sende-/Empfangsantennen (Ei, E2, E3) ermitteln, und die Transponderposition aus dem ermittelten Laufzeitunterschied und bekannten Positionskoordinaten der mindestens zwei Sende-/Empfangs- antennen bezogen auf einen festgelegten Fahrzeugnullpunkt bestimmen.3. System according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the calculation / evaluation means runtime differences between the sending of an identifier demand from one of the transmit / receive antennas (El, E2, E3) and the detection of the identification response then emitted by the transponder unit upon receipt of the same at at least two of the transmit / receive antennas (Ei, E 2 , E 3 ), and the Determine the transponder position from the determined transit time difference and known position coordinates of the at least two transmit / receive antennas in relation to a defined vehicle zero point.
4. System nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Berechnungs-/Auswertemittel bei der Positionsermittlung die internen Signallaufzeiten bei der Aufarbeitung der von den Sende-/Empfangsantennen empfangenen Kennungsantworten als konstant und jeweils gleich lang annehmen.4. System according to claim 3, characterized in that the calculation / evaluation means in determining the position assume the internal signal propagation times in the processing of the identifier responses received by the transmitting / receiving antennas as constant and in each case of the same length.
5. System nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Berechnungs-/Auswerte- mittel außer der auf dem Laufzeitunterschied beruhenden Positionsbestimmung zusätzlich eine auf einer Phasenaiis- wertung beruhende Positionsbestimmung ausführen, wobei die Phasendifferenz der auf die Aussendung der Kennungsaufforderung an den mehreren Sende-/Empfangs- antennen empfangenen Kennungsantworten ermittelt wird.5. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the calculation / evaluation means, in addition to the position determination based on the transit time difference, additionally carry out a position determination based on a phase Aisis evaluation, the phase difference between the transmission of the identification request to the plurality Transmitting / receiving antennas received identification responses is determined.
6. System nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Berechnungs-/Auswertemittel die auf dem Laufzeάt- unterschied beruhenen Positionsmessergebnisse mit den auf der Messung der Phasendifferenz beruhenden Positions- mεssergebnissen zur Erhöhung der Auflösung verbinden.6. System according to claim 5, characterized in that the calculation / evaluation means the position measurement results based on the running time difference with the Combine position measurement results based on the measurement of the phase difference to increase the resolution.
7. System nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das System den Zugang zum Fahrzeug verweigert, wenn die von der Berechnungs-/Aus- werteeinheit ermittelte Ξignallaufzeit größer als eine vorbestimmte Maximalzeit ist. 7. System according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the system denies access to the vehicle if the Ξ signal runtime determined by the calculation / evaluation unit is greater than a predetermined maximum time.
EP01929313A 2000-04-11 2001-04-05 System for controlling right of access to a vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP1274909B1 (en)

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