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EP1267125A2 - Glow pin plug and method of production - Google Patents

Glow pin plug and method of production Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1267125A2
EP1267125A2 EP02004894A EP02004894A EP1267125A2 EP 1267125 A2 EP1267125 A2 EP 1267125A2 EP 02004894 A EP02004894 A EP 02004894A EP 02004894 A EP02004894 A EP 02004894A EP 1267125 A2 EP1267125 A2 EP 1267125A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
connection
glow plug
heating element
glow
contact tube
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP02004894A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1267125B1 (en
EP1267125A3 (en
Inventor
Michael Haussner
Helmut Buck
Hans-Peter Kasimirski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
BorgWarner Ludwigsburg GmbH
Original Assignee
Beru AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Beru AG filed Critical Beru AG
Publication of EP1267125A2 publication Critical patent/EP1267125A2/en
Publication of EP1267125A3 publication Critical patent/EP1267125A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1267125B1 publication Critical patent/EP1267125B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F23Q2007/004—Manufacturing or assembling methods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a glow plug according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method of manufacture this glow plug according to the preamble of claim 3.
  • the heating elements must be insulated Glow plug body must be installed.
  • the Glow plug body consists of two separate components arranged coaxially one inside the other and for example by melting glass are fixed electrically isolated from each other. The inner part serves as the outer pole of the heating element.
  • the object of the invention is bypassing the from Disadvantages known in the art include a generic one Glow plug available and manufacture that on at known conventional manufacturing devices for glow plugs can be manufactured; it should also be possible be to provide smaller glow plugs, like Secure contacting, for example using a coaxial connector with good mechanical stability of the glow plug and the To ensure contact connections.
  • a heating element 9 according to the invention has a glow tube 3 in which a heating element 1, preferably in the form of a heating coil, if necessary in connection with a control coil, which, embedded in insulating material 8 from the walls of the Glow tube 3 is insulated, is arranged.
  • the combustion chamber side The end of the coil 1 is with the tip of the glow tube 3 connected by contact.
  • the connection end of the helix 1 is with the inner pole 2, which from the Heating rod is led out, connected.
  • the length of the glow tube 3 usually only corresponds about a third to a half of the total length of the Glow plug.
  • connection-side end region of the glow tube 3 is insulated from the inner pole lead 5, on its combustion chamber side End range on. In the present case it serves the insulating O-ring 4 in between.
  • a contact tube 6 Via the connection-side end region of the glow tube 3 a contact tube 6 is pushed on or pushed into it and in contact with the end region of the glow tube 3 firmly connected, for example by reducing the Contact tube 6 on the glow tube 3.
  • the contact tube 6 is to the end of the glow plug body or out of it guided and the end against the pole lead 5, for example by an isolating O-ring 7, isolated at the same time the sealing of the cavity between the contact tube 6 and inner pole lead 5 forms; this cavity is with insulation material 8, for example magnesium oxide in powder form, filled.
  • contact tube 6 with glow tube 3 allows the use of different wall thicknesses and different Materials for the named components; so can, for example, a glow tube with a wall thickness of about 1 mm can be used, for example Inconel 601 or 6025 HT is used as the material while the contact tube has a wall thickness of 0.5 mm and from one Material that is not as resistant to high temperatures as the material of the glow tube must be.
  • the extended heating element according to Figure 1 is part of the Glow plug design according to FIG. 2.
  • the glow plug body 12 is opposite the heating element arranged in isolation.
  • an insulation 11.3, for example made of ceramic, glass or high temperature resistant plastic provided while in connection side area of the body on an insulating Seal 14 and the insulating washer 15, opposite the contact tube isolated, arranged.
  • connection side 12 On the end area of the body from the connection side 12 emerging area of the contact tube 6 is a connecting sleeve 16 applied, which serves as a ground connection, and preferably designed for connection to a coaxial connector is.
  • the pole lead / inner pole is on the connection side as Plus connection trained.
  • an insulation layer 19 applied to the glow plug tip a defined non-insulated To provide an area for ionization measurement.
  • the glow plugs according to the invention can be economical mass-produced on the known devices become; assembly is very simple and can be done at the same time very low concentricity tolerances are observed.
  • the contact tube 6 placed on the glow tube 3 of the heating element 9 and the Cavity between contact tube 6 and inner pole 2 / pole lead 5 filled with insulating material, for example MgO 8, and with closed with an O-ring.
  • insulating material for example MgO 8
  • the inventive design of the glow plug becomes electrically and mechanically stable contacting of the connections guaranteed; at the same time it allows minimization the diameter of the heating element and candle body and with it the whole glow plug.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Materials For Medical Uses (AREA)
  • Organic Low-Molecular-Weight Compounds And Preparation Thereof (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Abstract

The spark plug has a connecting sleeve (6) attached to the electrode (9) on the supply side. The space between this and the electrode is filled with an insulator (8). An Independent claim is included for a method for making the spark plug.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Stabglühkerze gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 bzw. ein Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Stabglühkerze gemäß Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 3.The invention relates to a glow plug according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method of manufacture this glow plug according to the preamble of claim 3.

Bei mehrpoligen Glühkerzen, insbesondere bei solchen, bei denen über die Heizstaboberfläche eine Ionisationsmessung durchführbar ist, müssen die Heizstäbe isoliert zum Glühkerzenkörper eingebaut sein. Bekannt ist hierzu, daß der Glühkerzenkörper aus zwei getrennten Bauteilen besteht, die koaxial ineinander angeordnet und zum Beispiel durch Glaseinschmelzung elektrisch voneinander isoliert fixiert sind. Der innere Teil dient hierbei als Außenpol des Heizstabes.For multi-pole glow plugs, especially those in which an ionization measurement over the heating rod surface is feasible, the heating elements must be insulated Glow plug body must be installed. It is known that the Glow plug body consists of two separate components arranged coaxially one inside the other and for example by melting glass are fixed electrically isolated from each other. The inner part serves as the outer pole of the heating element.

Diese Ausführung ist jedoch technisch für kleinere Glühkerzen kaum realisierbar und das Herstellungsverfahren nicht mit den üblichen Herstellungsverfahren- und vorrichtungen durchführbar.However, this version is technical for smaller ones Glow plugs hardly feasible and the manufacturing process not with the usual manufacturing processes and devices feasible.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es unter Umgehung der aus dem Stand der Technik bekannten Nachteile eine gattungsgemäße Stabglühkerze zur Verfügung und herzustellen, die auf an sich bekannten üblichen Herstellungsvorrichtungen für Stabglühkerzen hergestellt werden können; es soll auch möglich sein, kleinere Glühkerzen zur Verfügung zu stellen, so wie sicheres Kontaktieren, beispielsweise mittels Koaxialstekkers bei guter mechanischer Stabilität der Glühkerze und der Kontaktverbindungen, zu gewährleisten.The object of the invention is bypassing the from Disadvantages known in the art include a generic one Glow plug available and manufacture that on at known conventional manufacturing devices for glow plugs can be manufactured; it should also be possible be to provide smaller glow plugs, like Secure contacting, for example using a coaxial connector with good mechanical stability of the glow plug and the To ensure contact connections.

Die erfindungsgemäße Aufgabe wird durch die Glühkerze gemäß Anspruch 1 bzw. das Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 3 gelöst; eine weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindungen ergibt sich aus Anspruch 2.The object of the invention is achieved by the glow plug solved according to claim 1 or the method according to claim 3; a further advantageous embodiment of the inventions results from claim 2.

Die Erfindung wird anhand der beigefügten Figuren näher erläutert. Hierbei zeigen

  • Figur 1 einen erfindungsgemäßen Heizstab in teilweisem Längsschnitt; und
  • Figur 2 eine bevorzugte erfindungsgemäße Glühkerze, teilweise im Längsschnitt.
    • The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the attached figures. Show here
  • Figure 1 shows a heating element according to the invention in partial longitudinal section; and
  • Figure 2 shows a preferred glow plug according to the invention, partially in longitudinal section.

    • Ein erfindungsgemäßer Heizstab 9 weist ein Glührohr 3 auf, in dem ein Heizelement 1, bevorzugt in Form einer Heizwendel, gegebenenfalls in Verbindung mit einer Regelwendel, die, in Isolierstoff 8 eingebettet von den Wandungen des Glührohrs 3 isoliert ist, angeordnet ist. Das brennraumseitige Ende der Wendel 1 ist mit der Spitze des Glührohres 3 kontaktierend verbunden. Das anschlußseitige Ende der Wendel 1 ist mit dem Innenpol 2, der über den Polzuleiter 5 aus dem Heizstab herausgeführt wird, verbunden.A heating element 9 according to the invention has a glow tube 3 in which a heating element 1, preferably in the form of a heating coil, if necessary in connection with a control coil, which, embedded in insulating material 8 from the walls of the Glow tube 3 is insulated, is arranged. The combustion chamber side The end of the coil 1 is with the tip of the glow tube 3 connected by contact. The connection end of the helix 1 is with the inner pole 2, which from the Heating rod is led out, connected.

    Die Länge des Glührohres 3 entspricht üblicherweise nur etwa einem Drittel bis einer Hälfte der Gesamtlänge der Stabglühkerze.The length of the glow tube 3 usually only corresponds about a third to a half of the total length of the Glow plug.

    Der anschlußseitige Endbereich des Glührohres 3 liegt, gegenüber dem Innenpolzuleiter 5 isoliert, auf dessem brennraumseitigen Endbereich auf. Im vorliegenden Fall dient hierzu der zwischenliegende isolierende O-Ring 4. The connection-side end region of the glow tube 3 is insulated from the inner pole lead 5, on its combustion chamber side End range on. In the present case it serves the insulating O-ring 4 in between.

    Über den anschlußseitigen Endbereich des Glührohres 3 ist ein Kontaktrohr 6 aufgeschoben oder in dieses eingeschoben und mit dem Endbereich des Glührohres 3 kontaktierend fest verbunden, beispielsweise durch Aufreduzierung des Kontaktrohres 6 auf das Glührohr 3. Das Kontaktrohr 6 ist bis an das Ende des Glühkerzenkörpers bzw. aus diesem heraus geführt und endseitig gegen den Polzuleiter 5, beispielsweise durch einen isolierenden O-Ring 7, isoliert, der gleichzeitig die Abdichtung des Hohlraums zwischen Kontaktrohr 6 und Innenpolzuleiter 5 bildet; dieser Hohlraum ist mit Isolationsmaterial 8, beispielsweise Magnesiumoxid in Pulverform, verfüllt.Via the connection-side end region of the glow tube 3 a contact tube 6 is pushed on or pushed into it and in contact with the end region of the glow tube 3 firmly connected, for example by reducing the Contact tube 6 on the glow tube 3. The contact tube 6 is to the end of the glow plug body or out of it guided and the end against the pole lead 5, for example by an isolating O-ring 7, isolated at the same time the sealing of the cavity between the contact tube 6 and inner pole lead 5 forms; this cavity is with insulation material 8, for example magnesium oxide in powder form, filled.

    Die Kombination von Kontaktrohr 6 mit Glührohr 3 erlaubt die Verwendung unterschiedlicher Wandstärken und unterschiedliche Werkstoffe für die genannten Bauteile; so kann beispielsweise ein Glührohr mit einer Wandstärke von etwa 1 mm verwendet werden, wobei beispielsweise Inconel 601 bzw. 6025 HT als Material verwendet wird, während das Kontaktrohr eine Wandstärke von 0,5 mm aufweist und aus einem Werkstoff besteht, der nicht so hochtemperaturbeständig wie der Werkstoff des Glührohrs sein muß.The combination of contact tube 6 with glow tube 3 allows the use of different wall thicknesses and different Materials for the named components; so can, for example, a glow tube with a wall thickness of about 1 mm can be used, for example Inconel 601 or 6025 HT is used as the material while the contact tube has a wall thickness of 0.5 mm and from one Material that is not as resistant to high temperatures as the material of the glow tube must be.

    Der verlängerte Heizstab gemäß Figur 1 ist Teil der Glühkerzenausführung gemäß Figur 2.The extended heating element according to Figure 1 is part of the Glow plug design according to FIG. 2.

    Hierbei ist der Glühkerzenkörper 12 gegenüber dem Heizstab isoliert angeordnet. Im brennraumseitigen Bereich ist eine Isolation 11.3, beispielsweise aus Keramik, Glas oder hochtemperaturbeständigem Kunststoff vorgesehen, während im anschlußseitigen Bereich der Körper auf einer isolierenden Abdichtung 14 und der Isolierscheibe 15, gegenüber dem Kontaktrohr isoliert, angeordnet ist.Here, the glow plug body 12 is opposite the heating element arranged in isolation. In the combustion chamber area an insulation 11.3, for example made of ceramic, glass or high temperature resistant plastic provided while in connection side area of the body on an insulating Seal 14 and the insulating washer 15, opposite the contact tube isolated, arranged.

    Auf dem aus dem anschlußseitigen Endbereich des Körpers 12 austretenen Bereich des Kontaktrohres 6 ist eine Anschlußhülse 16 aufgebracht, die als Masseanschluß dient, und bevorzugt zur Verbindung mit einem Koaxialstecker ausgebildet ist. Der Polzuleiter/Innenpol ist anschlußseitig als Plusanschluß ausgebildet.On the end area of the body from the connection side 12 emerging area of the contact tube 6 is a connecting sleeve 16 applied, which serves as a ground connection, and preferably designed for connection to a coaxial connector is. The pole lead / inner pole is on the connection side as Plus connection trained.

    Auf dem brennraumseitigen Bereich des Glührohres ist bereichsweise eine Isolationsschicht 19 aufgebracht, um an der Glühkerzenspitze einen definierten nicht-isolierten Bereich zur Ionisationsmessung zur Verfügung zu stellen.On the area of the glow tube on the combustion chamber side in some areas an insulation layer 19 applied to the glow plug tip a defined non-insulated To provide an area for ionization measurement.

    Die erfindungsgemäßen Glühkerzen können wirtschaftlich auf den an sich bekannten Vorrichtungen in Serie gefertigt werden; die Montage ist sehr einfach und gleichzeitig können sehr geringe Rundlauftoleranzen eingehalten werden.The glow plugs according to the invention can be economical mass-produced on the known devices become; assembly is very simple and can be done at the same time very low concentricity tolerances are observed.

    Bei einer bevorzugten Herstellung wird das Kontaktrohr 6 auf das Glührohr 3 des Heizstabes 9 aufgesteckt und der Hohlraum zwischen Kontaktrohr 6 und Innenpol 2/Polzuleiter 5 mit Isolierstoff, beispielsweise MgO 8, gefüllt und mit einem O-Ring verschlossen. Durch an sich bekanntes Rundhämmern auf der Reduziermaschine wird das MgO 8 und Kontaktrohr 6 und Glührohr 3 so stark kaltverfestigt, daß sie eine unlösbare Verbindung ergeben.In a preferred manufacture, the contact tube 6 placed on the glow tube 3 of the heating element 9 and the Cavity between contact tube 6 and inner pole 2 / pole lead 5 filled with insulating material, for example MgO 8, and with closed with an O-ring. By known round hammering on the reducing machine is the MgO 8 and contact tube 6 and glow tube 3 strain hardened so much that it is an unsolvable Connection.

    Durch die erfindungsgemäße Ausführung der Glühkerze wird elektrisch und mechanisch stabile Kontaktierung der Anschlüsse gewährleistet; gleichzeitig erlaubt sie die Minimierung der Durchmessermaße von Heizstab und Kerzenkörper und damit der ganzen Glühkerze.The inventive design of the glow plug becomes electrically and mechanically stable contacting of the connections guaranteed; at the same time it allows minimization the diameter of the heating element and candle body and with it the whole glow plug.

    Claims (3)

    Stabglühkerze mit einem Glühkerzenkörper und darin angeordnetem Heizstab, in dem ein in Isolierstoff eingebettetes Heiz- und gegebenenfalls diesem zugeordneten Regelelement angeordnet ist, das am anschlußseitigen Ende mit einem Innenpol mit Innenpolzuleiter mit einer Stromquelle verbindbar und dessen brennraumseitige Seite mit der Heizstabspitze verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Kontaktrohr (6) vorgesehen ist, das auf den anschlußseitigen Endbereich des Heizstabes (9) aufgeschoben ist, so daß der Heizstab (9) in anschlußseitiger Richtung verlängert wird, wobei der Hohlraum zwischen Kontaktrohr (6) und Innenpol (2)/Innenpolzuleiter (5) mit Isoliermaterial (8) verfüllt ist, und wobei der Glühkerzenkörper (12) um Heizstab (9)/Kontaktrohr (6) gegen diese isoliert angeordnet ist.Rod glow plug with a glow plug body and heating element arranged therein, in which a heating element embedded in insulating material and, if applicable, a control element associated with it is arranged, which can be connected at the connection-side end to an internal pole with an internal pole lead to a power source and whose combustion chamber side is connected to the heating rod tip, characterized that a contact tube (6) is provided, which is pushed onto the connection-side end region of the heating element (9), so that the heating element (9) is extended in the connection-side direction, the cavity between the contact tube (6) and the inner pole (2) / Inner pole lead (5) is filled with insulating material (8), and the glow plug body (12) is arranged insulated against the heating rod (9) / contact tube (6). Stabglühkerze nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sich das Kontaktrohr (6) bis zum anschlußseitigen Ende der Glühkerze erstreckt und zur direkten Kontaktierung, bevorzugt mittels Koaxialsteckers oder Anschlußhülse (16), ausgebildet ist.Rod glow plug according to claim 1, characterized in that the contact tube (6) extends to the connection-side end of the glow plug and is designed for direct contacting, preferably by means of a coaxial plug or connecting sleeve (16). Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Stabglühkerze mit einem Glühkerzenkörper und darin angeordnetem Heizstab, in dem ein in Isolierstoff eingebettetes Heiz- und gegebenenfalls diesem zugeordnetes Regelelement angeordnet ist, das am anschlußseitigen Ende mit einem Innenpol mit Innenpolzuleiter mit einer Stromquelle verbindbar und dessen brennraumseitige Seite mit der Heizstabspitze verbunden ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man ein Kontaktrohr (6) auf das Glührohr (3) des Heizstabes (9) aufsteckt, den Hohlraum zwischen Kontaktrohr (6) und Innenpol (2)/Polzuleiter (5) mit einem Isolierstoff (8), vorzugsweise MgO, auffüllt, und durch an sich bekannte Reduzierung zu einer unlösbaren Verbindung von Kontaktrohr (6) und Glührohr (3) kaltverfestigt, wobei die Länge des Kontaktrohres (6) derart gewählt ist, daß dessen anschlußseitiges Ende bis in den anschlußseitigen Endbereiches des Glühkerzenkörpers (12) oder aus diesem herausgeführt und als Masseanschluß zur direkten Kontaktierung, bevorzugt mittels Koaxialsteckers, ausgebildet wird.Method for producing a glow plug with a glow plug body and heating element arranged therein, in which a heating element embedded in insulating material and, if applicable, a control element associated therewith is arranged, which can be connected at the connection-side end to an internal pole with an internal pole lead to a power source and whose combustion chamber side is connected to the heating rod tip , characterized in that a contact tube (6) is plugged onto the glow tube (3) of the heating element (9), the cavity between the contact tube (6) and the inner pole (2) / pole lead (5) with an insulating material (8), preferably MgO, filled, and work-hardened by known reduction to an inseparable connection of the contact tube (6) and glow tube (3), the length of the contact tube (6) being selected such that its connection-side end extends into the connection-side end region of the glow plug body ( 12) or out of this and as a ground connection for direct contact ung, preferably by means of coaxial connector.
    EP02004894A 2001-06-15 2002-03-04 Glow pin plug and method of production Expired - Lifetime EP1267125B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    DE10128656 2001-06-15
    DE10128656A DE10128656A1 (en) 2001-06-15 2001-06-15 Glow plug and process for its manufacture

    Publications (3)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1267125A2 true EP1267125A2 (en) 2002-12-18
    EP1267125A3 EP1267125A3 (en) 2006-07-26
    EP1267125B1 EP1267125B1 (en) 2008-05-21

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    ID=7688132

    Family Applications (1)

    Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
    EP02004894A Expired - Lifetime EP1267125B1 (en) 2001-06-15 2002-03-04 Glow pin plug and method of production

    Country Status (7)

    Country Link
    US (1) US6649875B2 (en)
    EP (1) EP1267125B1 (en)
    JP (1) JP4204265B2 (en)
    KR (2) KR100953678B1 (en)
    AT (1) ATE396368T1 (en)
    DE (2) DE10128656A1 (en)
    ES (1) ES2302768T3 (en)

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    US20050098136A1 (en) * 2003-11-10 2005-05-12 Visteon Global Technologies, Inc. Architecture to integrate ionization detection electronics into and near a diesel glow plug
    EP1637806B1 (en) * 2004-09-15 2012-02-01 Beru AG Glow plug with pressure sensor for a diesel engine
    KR20100078097A (en) * 2008-12-30 2010-07-08 삼성전자주식회사 Method of measuring thickness of a layer and method of forming a layer using the same
    EP2469256B1 (en) * 2010-12-22 2016-09-21 HIDRIA AET Druzba za proizvodnjo vzignih sistemov in elektronike d.o.o. Glow plug with a load sensor and a screened sensor link
    US9534575B2 (en) * 2013-07-31 2017-01-03 Borgwarner Ludwigsburg Gmbh Method for igniting a fuel/air mixture, ignition system and glow plug

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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    EP1267125B1 (en) 2008-05-21
    ATE396368T1 (en) 2008-06-15
    US20020190050A1 (en) 2002-12-19
    DE50212284D1 (en) 2008-07-03
    KR20080069564A (en) 2008-07-28
    JP4204265B2 (en) 2009-01-07
    DE10128656A1 (en) 2003-01-02
    KR20020096871A (en) 2002-12-31
    KR100953678B1 (en) 2010-04-20
    US6649875B2 (en) 2003-11-18
    JP2003004230A (en) 2003-01-08
    EP1267125A3 (en) 2006-07-26
    ES2302768T3 (en) 2008-08-01

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