EP1252342A1 - Poröse agglomerate, enthaltend eisen und mindestens ein weiteres elememt der gruppen 5 oder 6 des periodensystems zur verwendungs als legierungsmittel - Google Patents
Poröse agglomerate, enthaltend eisen und mindestens ein weiteres elememt der gruppen 5 oder 6 des periodensystems zur verwendungs als legierungsmittelInfo
- Publication number
- EP1252342A1 EP1252342A1 EP00947658A EP00947658A EP1252342A1 EP 1252342 A1 EP1252342 A1 EP 1252342A1 EP 00947658 A EP00947658 A EP 00947658A EP 00947658 A EP00947658 A EP 00947658A EP 1252342 A1 EP1252342 A1 EP 1252342A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- agglomerates
- molybdenum
- steel
- melt
- iron
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C5/00—Manufacture of carbon-steel, e.g. plain mild steel, medium carbon steel or cast steel or stainless steel
- C21C5/52—Manufacture of steel in electric furnaces
- C21C5/5264—Manufacture of alloyed steels including ferro-alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0006—Adding metallic additives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B1/00—Preliminary treatment of ores or scrap
- C22B1/14—Agglomerating; Briquetting; Binding; Granulating
- C22B1/24—Binding; Briquetting ; Granulating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/22—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/24—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with vanadium
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/18—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium
- C22C38/40—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel
- C22C38/44—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing chromium with nickel with molybdenum or tungsten
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
- B22F—WORKING METALLIC POWDER; MANUFACTURE OF ARTICLES FROM METALLIC POWDER; MAKING METALLIC POWDER; APPARATUS OR DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR METALLIC POWDER
- B22F2998/00—Supplementary information concerning processes or compositions relating to powder metallurgy
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21C—PROCESSING OF PIG-IRON, e.g. REFINING, MANUFACTURE OF WROUGHT-IRON OR STEEL; TREATMENT IN MOLTEN STATE OF FERROUS ALLOYS
- C21C7/00—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00
- C21C7/0056—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 using cored wires
- C21C2007/0062—Treating molten ferrous alloys, e.g. steel, not covered by groups C21C1/00 - C21C5/00 using cored wires with introduction of alloying or treating agents under a compacted form different from a wire, e.g. briquette, pellet
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P10/00—Technologies related to metal processing
- Y02P10/20—Recycling
Definitions
- the present invention relates to agglomerates containing iron and at least one further element of groups 5 or 6 of the periodic table, their use and a process for their preparation. Molybdenum and tungsten are particularly suitable as a further element.
- DE-A-196 22 097 discloses agglomerates which are formed from an iron-molybdenum alloy with 60 to 80% by weight of molybdenum and which are used as alloying agents for metal melts containing iron and molybdenum.
- Molybdenum is used, among other things, as an alloying element for the production of high-strength structural steels containing molybdenum, alloyed cast iron types as well as for the production of rust, acid and heat-resistant steels and nickel-based alloys containing molybdenum.
- molybdenum-containing alloys steels and cast iron grades
- the main amount of the required proportion of alloys, molybdenum is added to the melt either in the form of recycle scrap containing molybdenum or briquetted molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ).
- molybdenum in oxidic form is possible because the iron acts as a reducing agent in liquid steel and the MoO 3 is thus converted to metallic molybdenum.
- this type of molybdenum addition is difficult to handle. Care must be taken to ensure that the MoO 3 penetrates deeply into the melt, since MoO 3 evaporates very easily at the temperatures of the molten steel or is set in the slag and high yield losses can occur if the MoO 3 is insufficiently immersed.
- Ferromolybdenum is a metallothermally manufactured iron molybdenum alloy with usually 60-80% by weight molybdenum.
- Metallothermal production using the thermite burning process is complex since the metals iron and molybdenum have to be melted and melted together.
- the use of expensive reducing agents such as aluminum or ferrosilicon is necessary. The process can only be automated to a limited extent. This results in a higher market price for ferromolybdenum compared to molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ).
- the dissolving of such ferromolybdenum pieces in the liquid steel bath is made even more difficult by the high melting point of the material, which is around 1950 ° C. with a standard FeMo70 quality.
- the temperatures in the steel bath are well below this value, so that the FeMo parts can only be dissolved via diffusion processes that require correspondingly long periods of time.
- Ferromolybdenum produced using the thermite process is generally dissolved using the following mechanism:
- the alloy pieces immersed in the liquid melt sink to the bottom of the treatment vessel. This is caused by the high density of the parts, which is higher than that of the liquid steel. An edge layer of solidified steel forms on the pieces, which results from the quenching effect of the immersed cold FeMo piece. Due to the heat transfer from the melt to the alloy piece, the boundary layer is dissolved again. However, since the melting point of the alloy pieces is above the temperature of the liquid steel bath, the alloy pieces can only dissolve through the diffusion of iron from the steel bath into the melt-alloy piece boundary layer and the associated reduction in melting point.
- agglomerates are produced from an iron-molybdenum mixture by briquetting, the iron-molybdenum mixture being obtained by reducing a fine-grained molybdenum trioxide / iron oxide mixture with hydrogen-containing gas.
- the briquetting is carried out with the addition of a binder, such as water glass, in order to improve the combination. Agglomerates with a density greater than 3.5 g / cm 3 are formed.
- a method for producing metal alloys is known from US Pat. No. 4,400,207, according to which, for example, molybdenum oxide is mixed with a fine ferrosilicon powder in a stoichiometric ratio. Up to 5% bentonite is added as a binder and the mixture is then briquetted. When these briquettes are introduced into molten steel, the ferrosilicon contained acts as a reducing agent for the molybdenum oxide, which passes into the molten steel in metallic form.
- the disadvantage here is the formation of silicon oxide as a reaction product, which has to be set in the slag, which is only possible with increased effort in the steel production processes used today.
- the object of the invention is to provide agglomerates containing iron and at least one further element of groups 5 or 6 of the periodic table with improved dissolvability in metal melts in order to keep the treatment costs of the melt low.
- the agglomerates should not sink to the bottom in a molten metal and should also have sufficient strength with regard to storage and transport.
- the quality of the molten metal should also not be impaired by accompanying elements present in the agglomerate, for example as binders, and a loss of molybdenum and iron should be avoided.
- the agglomerates have a porosity in the range from 20 to 65% by volume, in particular from 30 to 45% by volume.
- the agglomerates according to the invention have a porosity and, as a result, a piece density which, on the one hand, enables a slag blanket located on a molten metal to penetrate and the agglomerates to penetrate into the molten metal.
- the porosity of the agglomerates according to the invention means that the pores of the agglomerates are filled with molten metal by capillary action and the areas filled with molten metal are rapidly dissolved by the enlargement of the interface between the molten metal and the agglomerate which occurs in this way. Dissolving is understood here to mean the melting of the agglomerates and the homogeneous distribution of the constituents of the agglomerates in the metal melt.
- the density of the agglomerates is lower than that of the liquid steel, they are immersed deeply in the melt due to the kinetic energy of the parts, which have to overcome a corresponding drop height before impacting the steel bath.
- the liquid steel penetrates into the pores of the agglomerates.
- the large interface between the agglomerate and the melt thus produced leads to rapid heating and diffusion of iron in this interface, which ultimately causes the agglomerates to dissolve.
- the gas trapped in the pores of the agglomerates expands due to the rapid heating and enters the molten metal.
- the turbulent flow generated in this way on the surface of the agglomerates causes the existing concentration gradients of alloying agent to break down rapidly between the interface and the melt, which leads to an increase in the rate of diffusion, which according to Fick's laws depends on the concentration gradients.
- the agglomerates according to the invention contain molybdenum as an additional element in an amount of 45 to 85% by weight, preferably 60 to 80% by weight.
- the density of these agglomerates is preferably 4.2 to 6.3 g / cm 3 and particularly preferably 4.5 to 5.7 g / cm 3 .
- the agglomerates contain tungsten as an additional element in an amount of 60 to 90% by weight, preferably 70 to 85% by weight.
- Their density is preferably 4.7 to 8.4 g / cm 3 and particularly preferably 5.8 to 7.4 g / cm 3 .
- the present invention also relates to the use of the agglomerates for the production of alloyed, in particular molybdenum or tungsten-alloyed, metal melts.
- the invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the agglomerates, iron oxide and oxides being reduced from at least one further element of groups 5 or 6 of the periodic table to the respective metals.
- US-A-3,865,573 relates to a process for producing molybdenum powder or ferromolybdenum, in which molybdenum oxide or a mixture of molybdenum oxide and iron oxide is reduced in a two-stage fluidized bed process.
- US Pat. No. 4,045,216 describes a process for the production of directly reduced molybdenum oxide pellets which is based on the two-stage reduction of molybdenum oxide pellets in a hydrogen-containing atmosphere.
- a shaft furnace which is traversed by the product and the reducing gas in countercurrent, is used as the reduction unit. This process produces pellets with very low density and abrasion resistance.
- the process according to the invention is characterized in that the reduced metals are compacted, in particular briquetted, without the addition of binders, and the compacted products thus formed are sintered.
- the sintering is preferably carried out at temperatures of 1000 to 1400 ° C. in air or preferably under an inert gas atmosphere for 15 to 60 minutes.
- the iron contained in the agglomerates acts as a sinteractive phase and acts as a binder for those contained in the agglomerates Powder particles. This prevents the agglomerates from becoming too dense during the sintering process, which would have a negative effect on their dissolution in metal melts.
- the following table 1 shows the porosities of FeMo agglomerates ⁇ depending on the sintering time and the resulting piece density.
- the porosity was measured using an Hg porosimeter.
- the density and porosity of a conventional FeMo agglomerate is given (comparative example).
- FIG. 1 shows the pore size distribution of FeMo agglomerates produced by the process according to the invention.
- the particle size of the agglomerates was in a range from 2 to 4 mm.
- the measurements were carried out using an Hg porosimeter at 200 mm Hg column pressure.
- the curve marked 1 represents the pore size distribution of the FeMo agglomerates designated sample 1 in the above table after sintering at 1170 ° C. The molybdenum content of these agglomerates was 74%.
- the curve marked with 2 represents the pore size distribution of the FeMo agglomerates according to sample 2.
- the curve marked with 3 finally represents the pore size distribution of the agglomerates according to sample 3. From this it can be seen that only the choice of different sintering parameters (temperature and duration ) allow the number of pores and the distribution of the pore size to vary within a wide range.
- the size of the test melt was 300 kg.
- the melt was run as a build-up batch in a 3-phase arc furnace, i.e. the steel composition was adjusted to a pure iron melt by adding an appropriate amount of ferroalloys.
- all alloying elements except Mo were added and adjusted according to the target analysis.
- the steel bath was covered with a calcium aluminate slag.
- the molybdenum content was adjusted by adding ferromolybdenum with a grain size of 5-50 mm produced in the thermite process. After the FeMo had been added, samples were taken from the melt at short intervals. A second melt was produced in the same way, only the agglomerates according to the invention were used here to adjust the molybdenum content. It was found that the agglomerates according to the invention (shown with a dashed line in FIG. 2) dissolved much faster than standard FeMo (shown with a solid line in FIG. 2).
- the main advantage of the agglomerates according to the invention is that they dissolve more quickly in steel melts than standard FeMo, which leads to time and therefore cost savings for the user.
- the dissolution behavior of the agglomerates according to the invention was compared in a large-scale application test with that of commercially available ferromolybdenum produced in the thermite process.
- the steel bath was protected against reoxidation with a calcium aluminate slag, and the melt was rinsed with Ar for better homogenization by means of a refractory lance introduced into the melt from above.
- Agglomerates which were produced by the method according to the invention and correspond to the material which is designated as sample 1 in Table 1 were dissolved in a steel pan in a steel pan with a batch weight of approximately 901 in a steel melt and the dissolution rate was compared with that of ferromolybdenum produced in the thermite process.
- Table 6 shows the chemical composition of the steel produced.
- FIGS. 5 and 6 show further examples of the dissolution rates of FeMo agglomerates according to the invention in comparison to standard FeMo on the basis of application examples in steel melts.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
- Geology (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
- Powder Metallurgy (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT0017900A AT409271B (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-02-04 | Verfahren zur herstellung von agglomeraten, enthaltend eisen und mindestens ein weiteres element der gruppen 5 oder 6 des periodensystems |
AT1792000 | 2000-02-04 | ||
PCT/AT2000/000197 WO2001057279A1 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-07-17 | Poröse agglomerate, enthaltend eisen und mindestens ein weiteres element der gruppen 5 oder 6 des periodensystems zur verwendung als legierungsmittel |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1252342A1 true EP1252342A1 (de) | 2002-10-30 |
Family
ID=3660199
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00947658A Withdrawn EP1252342A1 (de) | 2000-02-04 | 2000-07-17 | Poröse agglomerate, enthaltend eisen und mindestens ein weiteres elememt der gruppen 5 oder 6 des periodensystems zur verwendungs als legierungsmittel |
Country Status (11)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20030106395A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1252342A1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2003529678A (de) |
KR (1) | KR100475042B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN1206374C (de) |
AT (1) | AT409271B (de) |
AU (1) | AU2000261384A1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2397524A1 (de) |
RU (1) | RU2244025C2 (de) |
TW (1) | TW491906B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2001057279A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US20130037524A1 (en) * | 2010-04-28 | 2013-02-14 | Ihi Corporation | Electrode applied to discharge surface treatment and production method thereof |
SE537536C2 (sv) * | 2013-05-27 | 2015-06-02 | Ferrolegeringar Ab | Järn- och molybdenhaltiga briketter samt en process för attframställa dessa briketter |
EP2597165B1 (de) | 2011-11-25 | 2014-09-03 | AB Ferrolegeringar | Eisen- und molybdänhaltige Pellets |
EA201490838A1 (ru) * | 2011-11-25 | 2014-11-28 | Аб Ферролегерингар | Содержащие железо и молибден окатыши |
US9540707B2 (en) | 2011-11-25 | 2017-01-10 | Ab Ferrolegeringar | Iron and molybdenum containing agglomerates |
SE537464C2 (sv) * | 2013-05-27 | 2015-05-12 | Ferrolegeringar Ab | Järn- och volframhaltiga briketter |
CN106399811B (zh) * | 2016-10-10 | 2018-05-22 | 江铃汽车股份有限公司 | 钼铁扩散熔解方法及其应用 |
CZ2017815A3 (cs) * | 2017-12-19 | 2019-10-16 | Martin Gajdzica | Briketa či peleta pro vsázku do metalurgických agregátů |
CN109778059B (zh) * | 2019-01-21 | 2021-01-26 | 西安建筑科技大学 | 一种多孔钼铁合金及其制备方法和应用 |
DE102019207824A1 (de) * | 2019-05-28 | 2020-12-03 | Thyssenkrupp Steel Europe Ag | Verfahren zur Herstellung von Eisenpulver |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE2156795C3 (de) * | 1970-11-20 | 1980-09-25 | Ugine Kuhlmann | Verfahren zur Herstellung von porösen Molybdänbriketts |
US3865573A (en) * | 1973-05-23 | 1975-02-11 | Kennecott Copper Corp | Molybdenum and ferromolybdenum production |
US4039325A (en) * | 1974-09-24 | 1977-08-02 | Amax Inc. | Vacuum smelting process for producing ferromolybdenum |
US4113479A (en) * | 1976-02-27 | 1978-09-12 | Amax Inc. | Vacuum smelting process for producing ferrotungsten |
SU730823A1 (ru) * | 1977-10-03 | 1980-04-30 | Челябинский Ордена Ленина Электрометаллургический Комбинат | Шлакообразующа смесь дл выплавки ферровольфрама |
SU829709A1 (ru) * | 1979-07-10 | 1981-05-15 | Всесоюзный Научно-Исследовательскийи Проектный Институт Тугоплавких Металлови Твердых Сплавов | Лигатура на основе молибдена |
DE19622097A1 (de) * | 1996-06-01 | 1997-12-04 | Treibacher Ind Ag | Eisenmolybdänlegierung |
-
2000
- 2000-02-04 AT AT0017900A patent/AT409271B/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-07-17 JP JP2001555902A patent/JP2003529678A/ja not_active Ceased
- 2000-07-17 EP EP00947658A patent/EP1252342A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2000-07-17 AU AU2000261384A patent/AU2000261384A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-07-17 WO PCT/AT2000/000197 patent/WO2001057279A1/de not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2000-07-17 CN CNB008187614A patent/CN1206374C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2000-07-17 CA CA002397524A patent/CA2397524A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2000-07-17 KR KR10-2002-7010095A patent/KR100475042B1/ko not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-07-17 RU RU2002121485/02A patent/RU2244025C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2000-08-21 TW TW089116942A patent/TW491906B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
-
2002
- 2002-08-01 US US10/210,531 patent/US20030106395A1/en not_active Abandoned
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO0157279A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
AU2000261384A1 (en) | 2001-08-14 |
TW491906B (en) | 2002-06-21 |
AT409271B (de) | 2002-07-25 |
CN1206374C (zh) | 2005-06-15 |
CN1433483A (zh) | 2003-07-30 |
KR20020080409A (ko) | 2002-10-23 |
WO2001057279A1 (de) | 2001-08-09 |
KR100475042B1 (ko) | 2005-03-10 |
CA2397524A1 (en) | 2001-08-09 |
ATA1792000A (de) | 2001-11-15 |
US20030106395A1 (en) | 2003-06-12 |
RU2244025C2 (ru) | 2005-01-10 |
JP2003529678A (ja) | 2003-10-07 |
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