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EP1233854B1 - Method for modifying wooden surfaces by electrical discharges at atmospheric pressure - Google Patents

Method for modifying wooden surfaces by electrical discharges at atmospheric pressure Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1233854B1
EP1233854B1 EP00993244A EP00993244A EP1233854B1 EP 1233854 B1 EP1233854 B1 EP 1233854B1 EP 00993244 A EP00993244 A EP 00993244A EP 00993244 A EP00993244 A EP 00993244A EP 1233854 B1 EP1233854 B1 EP 1233854B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
modified
wood
wooden surface
wooden
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EP00993244A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1233854A1 (en
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Wolfgang Viöl
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    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B27WORKING OR PRESERVING WOOD OR SIMILAR MATERIAL; NAILING OR STAPLING MACHINES IN GENERAL
    • B27MWORKING OF WOOD NOT PROVIDED FOR IN SUBCLASSES B27B - B27L; MANUFACTURE OF SPECIFIC WOODEN ARTICLES
    • B27M1/00Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching
    • B27M1/06Working of wood not provided for in subclasses B27B - B27L, e.g. by stretching by burning or charring, e.g. cutting with hot wire
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01TSPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T19/00Devices providing for corona discharge

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for modification a wooden surface according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a method is known from EP-A-0 178 907.
  • the corona discharge has an im Cross section of the air gap between the electrode plates rough Structure of the conductive plasma.
  • the corona discharge evenly across the cross section of the To distribute air gaps between the electrode plates are the Electrode plates with perforated polyethylene shields Mistake.
  • the perforations then correspond to one Discharge path between the two electrode plates.
  • the known method leads to a relatively uneven Modification of the surface to be modified due to the effects of the plasma. This is especially true if actually a wooden surface using the known method is treated because wood is typically an inhomogeneous structure has, so that its dielectric properties are not Spread evenly over the wooden surface to be modified. As a result, this means that some areas of the wood surface undergo a much stronger modification than others.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of a method the type described at the beginning, with which the modifying wood surface is evenly modifiable and at the same time even with large wooden surfaces in reasonable Periods and at reasonable cost is feasible.
  • the first feature of the new method results in a dielectrically impeded discharge which acts on the wood surface to be modified.
  • a dielectrically impeded discharge is in principle distinguished by a significantly finer distribution of the plasma, ie the actual discharge areas over the entire cross section covered by the discharge.
  • the alternating high voltage with the frequency of more than 600 Hz also contributes to the fine distribution of the plasma.
  • the energy input is of the order of 1 kWh per m 2 of wood surface and can therefore be assessed as relatively low.
  • the new process is not only applicable to liability various coatings on the wooden surface improve what is already coating with glue and thus the Includes gluing or gluing over the wooden surface.
  • the modification of the wood surface can also be used as a finishing step be done for the wood surface without that the wooden surface is then coated. This includes, for example, the removal of loose or damaged parts of the wood surface, such as after sawing or when restoring wooden workpieces.
  • the method according to the invention can also be used Preservation of the wood surface can be made.
  • the atmosphere in which the Discharge between the wooden surface and the electrode compared to normal air by adding certain Gases be modified should.
  • the desired gas mixtures can be simply in the zone of discharge to be blown in as this is under atmospheric pressure he follows.
  • a thermal load on the wooden surface Incidentally, does not occur with the new method.
  • the Gas temperature in the area of the discharge does not rise appreciably above room temperature.
  • the wood surface to be modified can be modified having a piece of wood as a counter electrode to the Electrode must be grounded. That is, for the implementation of the In addition to the new process, the wood surface to be modified having a single piece of wood itself Electrode required. The conduction properties of wood are for the formation of the counter electrode is sufficient.
  • a piece of wood with the modifying wooden surface can also on a parallel to the flat electrode arranged flat counterelectrode can be arranged.
  • the piece of wood acts like a second dielectric Layer in front of the counter electrode. That is, they dominate here dielectric properties of the wood compared to its conductivity.
  • the two electrodes i.e. H. the one opposite the wooden surface to be modified Electrode and the counter electrode silent, and the piece of wood becomes transported between them.
  • the conveyor belt for the The piece of wood also serves as a dielectric layer the counter electrode.
  • the electrode When modifying very large wooden surfaces to be modified it makes sense to position the electrode relative to one of the modifying wood surface showing piece of wood proceed parallel to the wooden surface to be modified.
  • the relative method of the electrode and the to modifying wood surface can be done either by moving it of the wood surface to be modified Wood piece or the electrode itself.
  • the surface facing the wood surface to be modified of the electrode is small compared to the area to be modified Wood surface is chosen, can also be highly contoured Wooden surfaces under defined discharge conditions be driven to the desired modification of the wood surface make.
  • the surface of the electrode is preferred in the new method relative to the area of the wood surface to be modified dimensioned so that the wooden surface to be modified at least 90% of the cross-sectional area of the discharge covers.
  • the new method will Discharge power as completely as possible for the desired modification exploited the wooden surface.
  • d. H. directly between the electrode and a counter electrode be consumed.
  • the Alternating high voltage in the new method preferably with a frequency above 5 kHz, i.e. H. preferably from 10 to 3000 kHz applied.
  • the Distance is greater than their duration.
  • the Distance of the individual high voltage pulses of a frequency in Range from 10 to 20 kHz during the duration of the individual high-voltage pulses frequency components into the range of over 500 kHz.
  • the alternating high voltage with alternating Polarity is applied to the electrode, it will Build up charges on both the dielectric layer before the electrode as well as on the wooden surface to be modified prevented.
  • the distance of the electrode with the dielectric layer from the wood surface to be modified in the new process typically between 1 to 25 mm. That is, this Distance is not critical. But it goes without saying that with increasing distance increases the size of the alternating high voltage must become.
  • Typical values for the alternating high voltage are for individual high voltage pulses 30 to 50 kV. At a sinusoidal high voltage whose frequency is also in a range above 100 kHz, for example between 100 and 3000 kHz AC voltage is typically 10 up to 15 kV.
  • Figure 1 shows a flat, d. H. plate-shaped electrode 1 and an equally flat, i.e. H. plate-shaped counter electrode 2, which are arranged parallel to each other.
  • a dielectric layer 3 In front of the electrode 1 there is a dielectric layer 3.
  • a conveyor belt 4 made of dielectric Material 5.
  • a piece of wood 6 is placed on the conveyor belt 4, a wooden surface 7 of the dielectric layer 3 or facing the electrode 1.
  • the counter electrode 2 is connected to the earth 9, is the electrode 1 with a high-voltage power supply 10 connected.
  • the high-voltage power supply 10 is based on semiconductor technology. It is commercially available and has both a good one Efficiency of 80 to 90% as well as comparatively low Acquisition costs.
  • a dielectric barrier discharge 11 under atmospheric pressure causes.
  • the distribution of the plasma 12 in the area of dielectric discharge 11 is firstly due to the fact that the electrical discharge 11 is dielectrically hindered and secondly, due to the fact that the alternating high voltage, which is applied to the electrode 1, at least the order of magnitude of 1 kHz, so homogeneous that a uniform Action takes place on the wooden surface 7 of the piece of wood 6.
  • the electrode 1 is the wooden surface 7 facing surface is only small and it is completely surrounded by the dielectric layer 3. It is the electrode 1 is provided, parallel to the wooden surface 7 to be moved, which is indicated by arrows 13 to 15. The wooden surface 7 is scanned with the electrode 1 in order to this despite the pronounced contour 16 present here in all Modify areas evenly. Further differentiates The structure of FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 in that that no separate counter electrode 2 with one arranged in front of it dielectric material 5 is arranged. Rather, it is Piece of wood 6 here directly connected to the earth 9 and takes over thus also the function of the counter electrode 2 and the dielectric material 5 according to FIG. 1.
  • the distance 8 according to Figures 1 and 2 can be 1 to 25 mm be. Typically it is in the range of a few Millimeters. The information below applies to Alternating high voltages with which the new process is successful was tried.
  • the first case it is a sinusoidal alternating high voltage from 10 to 15 kV with a frequency between 100 kHz and 3 MHz.
  • the particularly good results in the modification the wooden surface 7 is a AC high voltage from individual high voltage pulses of 40 up to 50 kV with a pulse duration of 2 ⁇ s, which means a frequency of Corresponds to 500 kHz, and a pulse repetition frequency of 10 to 17 kHz. This means that the duration of the high voltage pulses the high voltage pulse was much smaller than her time Distance.
  • the high-voltage pulses were preferred Pulse sequences with alternating polarity at the electrode 1.
  • the new procedure is as described above under cleaning the thin layer of wood damaged by the mechanical pre-treatment removed from the wooden surface 7 and the physical and chemical surface properties are changed so that a better connection of glue and solid wood and thus a higher adhesive strength is achieved.
  • end grain gluing for example in glued wood
  • a toothing (galvanizing) of the Pieces of wood required.
  • the wooden surfaces 7 can have a higher adhesive strength here be achieved so that depending on the load on the toothing the pieces of wood can be dispensed with.
  • Treatment can be applied prior to gluing glue sticks a previous planing step can be dispensed with.
  • reactive gases can be between the electrodes 1, 2 be introduced so that the wood is coated out of the plasma 12 or is subjected to a chemical reaction.
  • the coatings applied in this way or reactions caused in this way can already be the final treatment of the to be modified Represent wooden surface 7.
  • the wetting capacity can be influenced by the modification of the wooden surface 7 according to the invention. Pulsed discharge can also be used to compress the wooden surface 7. From a density of 1.4 g / cm 3 , water absorption over the wooden surface 7 can be largely prevented, for example. This results in a very environmentally friendly method of wood preservation.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Forests & Forestry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Chemical And Physical Treatments For Wood And The Like (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for modifying a wooden surface (7) where an electrode (1) is arranged opposite to the wooden surface (7) to be modified, and an alternating high voltage is applied to the electrode (1), in order to cause the discharge (11) between the wooden surface (7) and the electrode (1) under atmospheric pressure. A dielectric layer is arranged between the electrode (10) and the wooden surface as a counter-electrode (7) to be modified, and the alternating high voltage is applied with a frequency greater than 600 Hz.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf ein Verfahren zur Modifizierung einer Holzoberfläche gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Ein solches Verfahren ist aus EP-A-0 178 907 bekannt.The invention relates to a method for modification a wooden surface according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a method is known from EP-A-0 178 907.

Ein Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art ist auch aus der US 5 215 637 bekannt. Diese Druckschrift befaßt sich im Kern mit der Verbesserung der Haftungseigenschaften von Kunststoffoberflächen in Bezug auf Klebstoffen, Farben, Beschichtungen und dgl. Es ist aber auch angesprochen, daß andere Objekte mit einer hohen Dielektrizitätszahl, so wie Keramiken, Karton, Papier und Holz in gleicher Weise behandelt werden können. Bei dem bekannten Verfahren wird ein Objekt mit der zu modifizierenden Oberfläche zwischen einem Paar von Elektrodenplatten angeordnet, an die gegenläufige Wechselhochspannungen von 125.000 Volt angelegt werden, wobei die Differenzspannung über einen Luftspalt von ca. 40 cm zwischen den Elektrodenplatten abfällt. Die Frequenz der Wechselhochspannungen beträgt 60 Hz. Durch die angelegten Wechselhochspannungen wird eine Corona-Entladung unter Atmosphärendruck hervorgerufen, die auf die zu modifizierende Oberfläche einwirkt. Die Corona-Entladung weist eine im Querschnitt des Luftspalts zwischen den Elektrodenplatten grobe Struktur des leitenden Plasmas auf. Um das leitende Plasma bei der Corona-Entladung gleichmäßig über den Querschnitt des Luftspalts zwischen den Elektrodenplatten zu verteilen, sind die Elektrodenplatten mit perforierten Polyethylenabschirmungen versehen. Die Perforationen entsprechen dann jeweils einer Entladungsstrecke zwischen den beiden Elektrodenplatten. Dennoch kommt es bei dem bekannten Verfahren zu einer relativ ungleichmäßigen Modifizierung der zu modifizierenden Oberfläche aufgrund der Einwirkungen des Plasmas. Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn tatsächlich eine Holzoberfläche mit dem bekannten Verfahren behandelt wird, da Holz typischerweise eine inhomogene Struktur aufweist, so daß sich seine dielektrischen Eigenschaften nicht gleichmäßig über die zu modifizierende Holzoberfläche verteilen. Im Ergebnis bedeutet dies, daß einige Bereiche der Holzoberfläche einer deutlich stärkeren Modifizierung unterzogen werden als andere.A method of the type described at the outset is also known from US 5 215 637 known. This document deals essentially with the Improvement of the adhesive properties of plastic surfaces in terms of adhesives, paints, coatings and the like. It is but also mentioned that other objects with a high Dielectric constant, such as ceramics, cardboard, paper and wood can be treated in the same way. With the known The process becomes an object with the surface to be modified arranged between a pair of electrode plates to which opposing alternating high voltages of 125,000 volts the differential voltage across an air gap of approx. Falls 40 cm between the electrode plates. The frequency of the Alternating high voltages is 60 Hz Alternating high voltages become a corona discharge under atmospheric pressure evoked that on the to be modified Surface acts. The corona discharge has an im Cross section of the air gap between the electrode plates rough Structure of the conductive plasma. To the conductive plasma the corona discharge evenly across the cross section of the To distribute air gaps between the electrode plates are the Electrode plates with perforated polyethylene shields Mistake. The perforations then correspond to one Discharge path between the two electrode plates. Yet the known method leads to a relatively uneven Modification of the surface to be modified due to the effects of the plasma. This is especially true if actually a wooden surface using the known method is treated because wood is typically an inhomogeneous structure has, so that its dielectric properties are not Spread evenly over the wooden surface to be modified. As a result, this means that some areas of the wood surface undergo a much stronger modification than others.

Aus der DE 197 18 287 C1 ist ein Verfahren zur Modifizierung von Holzoberflächen bekannt, bei dem ein schichtweises Abtragen der Holzoberfläche ausgeführt wird. Hierzu wird die zu modifizierende Oberfläche mittels energiereicher Strahlung lokal erwärmt, so daß sich eine dünne Holzschicht schlagartig so stark aufheizt, daß der wesentliche Teil des so aufgeheizten Volumens ebenso schlagartig verdampft und in Plasma überführt wird. Als energiereiche Strahlung kommt dabei insbesondere Laserstrahlung in Frage. Bei der Behandlung größerer Holzoberflächen ist der apparative Aufwand zur Durchführung dieses bekannten Verfahrens sehr hoch. Aus prinzipiellen Gründen kann zu einem Zeitpunkt immer nur ein sehr kleiner Teil der Holzoberfläche behandelt werden, um ein unerwünschtes Aufheizen des Werkstücks in seiner Gesamtheit zu verhindern.DE 197 18 287 C1 describes a method for modifying Known wooden surfaces, in which a layer-by-layer removal of the Wooden surface is running. For this, the one to be modified Surface heated locally by means of high-energy radiation, so that a thin layer of wood suddenly heats up so much, that the major part of the volume so heated is also evaporated suddenly and converted into plasma. As high-energy radiation comes in particular laser radiation in question. When treating larger wooden surfaces is the apparatus expenditure for carrying out this known method very high. In principle, one can at a time only a very small part of the wood surface is treated to prevent undesirable heating of the workpiece in its To prevent totality.

Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren der eingangs beschriebenen Art aufzuzeigen, mit dem die zu modifizierende Holzoberfläche gleichmäßig modifizierbar ist und das gleichzeitig auch bei großen Holzoberflächen in vertretbaren Zeiträumen und zu vertretbaren Kosten durchführbar ist. The invention is therefore based on the object of a method the type described at the beginning, with which the modifying wood surface is evenly modifiable and at the same time even with large wooden surfaces in reasonable Periods and at reasonable cost is feasible.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein Verfahren mit den Merkmalen gemäß Anspruch 1 gelöst.This object is achieved according to the invention solved by a method with the features of claim 1.

Aus dem ersten Merkmal des neuen Verfahrens resultiert, daß eine dielektrisch behinderte Entladung hervorgerufen wird, die auf die zu modifizierende Holzoberfläche einwirkt. Gegenüber einer Corona-Entladung zeichnet sich eine dielektrisch behinderte Entladung prinzipiell durch eine deutlich feinere Verteilung des Plasmas, d. h. der tatsächlichen Entladungsbereiche über den gesamten von der Entladung erfaßten Querschnitt aus. Auch die Wechselhochspannung mit der Frequenz von mehr als 600 Hz trägt zu der feinen Verteilung des Plasmas bei. Insgesamt stellt sich damit die gewünschte homogene Modifizierung der Holzoberfläche ein. Gleichzeitig sind die Kosten für die Durchführung des neuen Verfahrens begrenzt. Der Energieeinsatz liegt in der Größenordnung von 1 kWh pro m2 Holzoberfläche und ist damit als relative gering einzuschätzen.The first feature of the new method results in a dielectrically impeded discharge which acts on the wood surface to be modified. In contrast to a corona discharge, a dielectrically impeded discharge is in principle distinguished by a significantly finer distribution of the plasma, ie the actual discharge areas over the entire cross section covered by the discharge. The alternating high voltage with the frequency of more than 600 Hz also contributes to the fine distribution of the plasma. Overall, the desired homogeneous modification of the wood surface is achieved. At the same time, the costs of implementing the new process are limited. The energy input is of the order of 1 kWh per m 2 of wood surface and can therefore be assessed as relatively low.

Das neue Verfahren ist nicht nur einsetzbar, um die Haftung verschiedenster Beschichtungen auf der Holzoberfläche zu verbessern, was bereits die Beschichtung mit Leim und damit die Verklebung bzw. Verleimung über die Holzoberfläche einschließt. Die Modifizierung der Holzoberfläche kann auch als ein Veredelungsschritt für die Holzoberfläche durchgeführt werden, ohne daß anschließend eine Beschichtung der Holzoberfläche erfolgt. Hierzu gehört beispielsweise die Entfernung von losem oder beschädigten Anteilen der Holzoberfläche, wie sie nach dem Sägen oder beim Restaurieren von Werkstücken aus Holz gewünscht ist. Weiterhin kann durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren auch eine Konservierung der Holzoberfläche vorgenommen werden.The new process is not only applicable to liability various coatings on the wooden surface improve what is already coating with glue and thus the Includes gluing or gluing over the wooden surface. The modification of the wood surface can also be used as a finishing step be done for the wood surface without that the wooden surface is then coated. This includes, for example, the removal of loose or damaged parts of the wood surface, such as after sawing or when restoring wooden workpieces. Furthermore, the method according to the invention can also be used Preservation of the wood surface can be made.

Um die jeweils gewünschten Auswirkungen mit der Modifizierung der Holzoberfläche zu erreichen, kann die Atmosphäre, in der die Entladung zwischen der Holzoberfläche und der Elektrode hervorgerufen werden, gegenüber normaler Luft durch Zusatz bestimmter Gase modifiziert sein. Dies gilt insbesondere, wenn diese Gase in die zu modifizierende Holzoberfläche eingelagert werden sollen. Die jeweils gewünschten Gasgemische können einfach in die Zone der Entladung eingeblasen werden, da diese unter Atmosphärendruck erfolgt. Eine thermische Belastung der Holzoberfläche tritt bei dem neuen Verfahren übrigens nicht auf. Die Gastemperatur im Bereich der Entladung steigt nicht nennenswert über Raumtemperatur an.To the desired effects with the modification To achieve the wood surface, the atmosphere in which the Discharge between the wooden surface and the electrode compared to normal air by adding certain Gases be modified. This is especially true if these gases be stored in the wooden surface to be modified should. The desired gas mixtures can be simply in the zone of discharge to be blown in as this is under atmospheric pressure he follows. A thermal load on the wooden surface Incidentally, does not occur with the new method. The Gas temperature in the area of the discharge does not rise appreciably above room temperature.

Bei dem neuen Verfahren kann ein die zu modifizierende Holzoberfläche aufweisendes Holzstück als Gegenelektrode zu der Elektrode geerdet werden. Das heißt, für die Durchführung des neuen Verfahrens wird neben dem die zu modifizierende Holzoberfläche aufweisenden Holzstücks selbst nur eine einzige weitere Elektrode benötigt. Die Leitungseigenschaften von Holz sind für die Ausbildung der Gegenelektrode ausreichend.With the new method, the wood surface to be modified can be modified having a piece of wood as a counter electrode to the Electrode must be grounded. That is, for the implementation of the In addition to the new process, the wood surface to be modified having a single piece of wood itself Electrode required. The conduction properties of wood are for the formation of the counter electrode is sufficient.

Ein die modifizierende Holzoberfläche aufweisendes Holzstück kann aber auch auf einer parallel zu der flächigen Elektrode angeordneten flächigen Gegenelektrode angeordnet werden. In diesem Fall wirkt das Holzstück wie eine zweite dielektrische Schicht vor der Gegenelektrode. Das heißt, hier dominieren die dielektrischen Eigenschaften des Holzes gegenüber seiner Leitfähigkeit.A piece of wood with the modifying wooden surface can also on a parallel to the flat electrode arranged flat counterelectrode can be arranged. In in this case the piece of wood acts like a second dielectric Layer in front of the counter electrode. That is, they dominate here dielectric properties of the wood compared to its conductivity.

In einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform des neuen Verfahrens wird ein die zu modifizierende Holzoberfläche aufweisendes Holzstück auf einem Förderband aus dielektrischem Material über eine parallel zu der flächigen Elektrode angeordnete flächige Gegenelektrode gefördert. Dabei stehen die beiden Elektroden, d. h. die gegenüber der zu modifizierenden Holzoberfläche angeordnete Elektrode und die Gegenelektrode still, und das Holzstück wird zwischen ihnen hindurch transportiert. Das Förderband für das Holzstück dient dabei gleichzeitig als dielektrische Schicht vor der Gegenelektrode. In a preferred embodiment of the new method a piece of wood having the wooden surface to be modified on a conveyor belt made of dielectric material over a Flat counter electrode arranged parallel to the flat electrode promoted. The two electrodes, i.e. H. the one opposite the wooden surface to be modified Electrode and the counter electrode silent, and the piece of wood becomes transported between them. The conveyor belt for the The piece of wood also serves as a dielectric layer the counter electrode.

Bei der Modifizierung sehr großer zu modifizierender Holzoberflächen ist es sinnvoll, die Elektrode relativ zu einem die zu modifizierende Holzoberfläche aufweisenden Holzstück zu verfahren und zwar parallel zu der zu modifizierenden Holzoberfläche. Das relative Verfahren der Elektrode und der zu modifizierenden Holzoberfläche kann entweder durch ein Verschieben des die zu modifizierende Holzoberfläche aufweisenden Holzstücks oder der Elektrode selbst erfolgen.When modifying very large wooden surfaces to be modified it makes sense to position the electrode relative to one of the modifying wood surface showing piece of wood proceed parallel to the wooden surface to be modified. The relative method of the electrode and the to modifying wood surface can be done either by moving it of the wood surface to be modified Wood piece or the electrode itself.

Wenn die der zu modifizierenden Holzoberfläche zugewandte Fläche der Elektrode klein im Vergleich zu der Fläche der zu modifizierenden Holzoberfläche gewählt wird, können auch stark konturierte Holzoberflächen unter definierten Entladungsbedingungen abgefahren werden, um die gewünschte Modifizierung der Holzoberfläche vorzunehmen.If the surface facing the wood surface to be modified of the electrode is small compared to the area to be modified Wood surface is chosen, can also be highly contoured Wooden surfaces under defined discharge conditions be driven to the desired modification of the wood surface make.

Vorzugsweise wird bei dem neuen Verfahren die Fläche der Elektrode relativ zu der Fläche der zu modifizierenden Holzoberfläche so dimensioniert, daß die zu modifizierende Holzoberfläche mindestens 90 % der Querschnittsfläche der Entladung abdeckt. Mit anderen Worten wird bei dem neuen Verfahren die Entladungsleistung möglichst vollständig zur gewünschten Modifizierung der Holzoberfläche ausgenutzt. Möglichst wenig der Entladungsleistung soll neben der zu modifizierenden Holzoberfläche, d. h. direkt zwischen der Elektrode und einer Gegenelektrode verbraucht werden.The surface of the electrode is preferred in the new method relative to the area of the wood surface to be modified dimensioned so that the wooden surface to be modified at least 90% of the cross-sectional area of the discharge covers. In other words, the new method will Discharge power as completely as possible for the desired modification exploited the wooden surface. As little as possible In addition to the wooden surface to be modified, d. H. directly between the electrode and a counter electrode be consumed.

Um eine besonders gute Verteilung des Plasmas der Entladung über die zu modifizierende Holzoberfläche zu erreichen, wird die Wechselhochspannung bei dem neuen Verfahren vorzugsweise mit einer Frequenz von über 5 kHz, d. h. vorzugsweise von 10 bis 3000 kHz angelegt.To ensure a particularly good distribution of the plasma over the discharge To reach the wood surface to be modified, the Alternating high voltage in the new method, preferably with a frequency above 5 kHz, i.e. H. preferably from 10 to 3000 kHz applied.

Besonders bevorzugt ist es dabei, wenn die Wechselhochspannung aus einzelnen Hochspannungspulsen zusammengesetzt wird, deren Abstand größer ist als ihre Dauer. So kann beispielsweise der Abstand der einzelnen Hochspannungspulse einer Frequenz im Bereich von 10 bis 20 kHz entsprechen, während die Dauer der einzelnen Hochspannungspulse Frequenzanteile bis in den Bereich von über 500 kHz aufweist.It is particularly preferred if the alternating high voltage is composed of individual high-voltage pulses, the Distance is greater than their duration. For example, the Distance of the individual high voltage pulses of a frequency in Range from 10 to 20 kHz during the duration of the individual high-voltage pulses frequency components into the range of over 500 kHz.

Wenn bei dem neuen Verfahren die Wechselhochspannung mit wechselnder Polarität an die Elektrode angelegt wird, wird das Aufbauen von Ladungen sowohl an der dielektrischen Schicht vor der Elektrode als auch an der zu modifizierenden Holzoberfläche verhindert.If with the new process, the alternating high voltage with alternating Polarity is applied to the electrode, it will Build up charges on both the dielectric layer before the electrode as well as on the wooden surface to be modified prevented.

Der Abstand der Elektrode mit der dielektrischen Schicht von der zu modifizierenden Holzoberfläche beträgt bei dem neuen Verfahren typischerweise zwischen 1 bis 25 mm. Das heißt, dieser Abstand ist nicht kritisch. Es versteht sich aber, daß mit zunehmendem Abstand die Größe der Wechselhochspannung erhöht werden muß. Typische Werte für die Wechselhochspannung betragen bei einzelnen Hochspannungspulsen 30 bis 50 kV. Bei einer sinusförmigen Hochspannung, deren Frequenz auch in einem Bereich oberhalb 100 kHz, beispielsweise zwischen 100 und 3000 kHz liegen kann, beträgt die Wechselhochspannung typischerweise 10 bis 15 kV.The distance of the electrode with the dielectric layer from the wood surface to be modified in the new process typically between 1 to 25 mm. That is, this Distance is not critical. But it goes without saying that with increasing distance increases the size of the alternating high voltage must become. Typical values for the alternating high voltage are for individual high voltage pulses 30 to 50 kV. At a sinusoidal high voltage whose frequency is also in a range above 100 kHz, for example between 100 and 3000 kHz AC voltage is typically 10 up to 15 kV.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand von Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert und beschrieben, dabei zeigt

Figur 1
eine erste prinzipielle Anordnung zur Durchführung des neuen Verfahrens und
Figur 2
eine zweite prinzipielle Anordnung zur Durchführung des neuen Verfahrens.
The invention is explained and described in more detail below on the basis of exemplary embodiments, and shows
Figure 1
a first basic arrangement for implementing the new method and
Figure 2
a second basic arrangement for implementing the new method.

Figur 1 zeigt eine flächige, d. h. plattenförmige Elektrode 1 und eine ebenso flächige, d. h. plattenförmige Gegenelektrode 2, die parallel zueinander angeordnet sind. Vor der Elektrode 1 befindet sich eine dielektrische Schicht 3. Über die Gegenelektrode 2 verläuft ein Förderband 4 aus dielektrischem Material 5. Auf das Förderband 4 ist ein Holzstück 6 aufgelegt, dessen eine Holzoberfläche 7 der dielektrischen Schicht 3 bzw. der Elektrode 1 zugewandt ist. Dabei liegt ein Abstand 8 zwischen der dielektrischen Schicht 3 und der Holzoberfläche 7 vor. Während die Gegenelektrode 2 mit der Erde 9 verbunden ist, ist die Elektrode 1 mit einem Hochspannungsnetzgerät 10 verbunden. Das Hochspannungsnetzgerät 10 basiert auf Halbleitertechnik. Es ist handelsüblich und weist sowohl einen guten Wirkungsgrad von 80 bis 90 % als auch vergleichsweise niedrige Anschaffungskosten auf. Mit dem Hochspannungsnetzgerät 10 wird an die Elektrode 1 eine Wechselhochspannung angelegt, die zwischen der dielektrischen Schicht 3 und der Holzoberfläche 7 unter Atmosphärendruck eine dielektrisch behinderte Entladung 11 hervorruft. Die Verteilung des Plasmas 12 im Bereich der dielektrischen Entladung 11 ist zum einen aufgrund der Tatsache, daß die elektrische Entladung 11 dielektrisch behindert ist und zum anderen aufgrund der Tatsache, daß die Wechselhochspannung, die an die Elektrode 1 angelegt wird, mindestens die Größenordnung von 1 kHz aufweist, so homogen, daß eine gleichmäßige Einwirkung über die Holzoberfläche 7 des Holzstücks 6 erfolgt.Figure 1 shows a flat, d. H. plate-shaped electrode 1 and an equally flat, i.e. H. plate-shaped counter electrode 2, which are arranged parallel to each other. In front of the electrode 1 there is a dielectric layer 3. Over the counter electrode 2 runs a conveyor belt 4 made of dielectric Material 5. A piece of wood 6 is placed on the conveyor belt 4, a wooden surface 7 of the dielectric layer 3 or facing the electrode 1. There is a distance 8 between the dielectric layer 3 and the wooden surface 7 in front. While the counter electrode 2 is connected to the earth 9, is the electrode 1 with a high-voltage power supply 10 connected. The high-voltage power supply 10 is based on semiconductor technology. It is commercially available and has both a good one Efficiency of 80 to 90% as well as comparatively low Acquisition costs. With the high-voltage power supply 10 an alternating high voltage is applied to the electrode 1 between the dielectric layer 3 and the wooden surface 7 a dielectric barrier discharge 11 under atmospheric pressure causes. The distribution of the plasma 12 in the area of dielectric discharge 11 is firstly due to the fact that the electrical discharge 11 is dielectrically hindered and secondly, due to the fact that the alternating high voltage, which is applied to the electrode 1, at least the order of magnitude of 1 kHz, so homogeneous that a uniform Action takes place on the wooden surface 7 of the piece of wood 6.

Gemäß Figur 2 ist die Elektrode 1 bezüglich ihrer der Holzoberfläche 7 zugewandten Oberfläche nur klein, und sie ist vollständig von der dielektrischen Schicht 3 umgeben. Dabei ist die Elektrode 1 vorgesehen, parallel zu der Holzoberfläche 7 verfahren zu werden, was durch Pfeile 13 bis 15 angedeutet ist. So wird die Holzoberfläche 7 mit der Elektrode 1 abgescannt, um diese trotz der hier vorhandenen ausgeprägten Kontur 16 in allen Bereichen gleichmäßig zu modifizieren. Weiterhin unterscheidet sich der Aufbau von Figur 2 von denjenigen gemäß Figur 1 darin, daß keine separate Gegenelektrode 2 mit einem davor angeordneten dielektrischen Material 5 angeordnet ist. Vielmehr ist das Holzstück 6 hier direkt mit der Erde 9 verbunden und übernimmt damit auch die Funktion der Gegenelektrode 2 und des dielektrischen Materials 5 gemäß Figur 1.According to FIG. 2, the electrode 1 is the wooden surface 7 facing surface is only small and it is completely surrounded by the dielectric layer 3. It is the electrode 1 is provided, parallel to the wooden surface 7 to be moved, which is indicated by arrows 13 to 15. The wooden surface 7 is scanned with the electrode 1 in order to this despite the pronounced contour 16 present here in all Modify areas evenly. Further differentiates The structure of FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 in that that no separate counter electrode 2 with one arranged in front of it dielectric material 5 is arranged. Rather, it is Piece of wood 6 here directly connected to the earth 9 and takes over thus also the function of the counter electrode 2 and the dielectric material 5 according to FIG. 1.

Der Abstand 8 gemäß den Figuren 1 und 2 kann 1 bis 25 mm betragen. Typischerweise liegt er im Bereich von einigen Millimetern. Hierauf beziehen sich die nachstehenden Angaben für Wechselhochspannungen, mit denen das neue Verfahren erfolgreich erprobt wurde.The distance 8 according to Figures 1 and 2 can be 1 to 25 mm be. Typically it is in the range of a few Millimeters. The information below applies to Alternating high voltages with which the new process is successful was tried.

Im ersten Fall handel es sich um eine sinusförmige Wechselhochspannung von 10 bis 15 kV mit einer Frequenz zwischen 100 kHz und 3 MHz.In the first case, it is a sinusoidal alternating high voltage from 10 to 15 kV with a frequency between 100 kHz and 3 MHz.

Im zweiten Fall, der besonders gute Ergebnisse bei der Modifizierung der Holzoberfläche 7 erbrachte, handelt es sich um eine Wechselhochspannung aus einzelnen Hochspannungsimpulsen von 40 bis 50 kV mit einer Pulsdauer von 2 µs, was einer Frequenz von 500 kHz entspricht, und einer Pulsfolgefrequenz von 10 bis 17 kHz. Dies bedeutet, daß bei den Hochspannungsimpulsen die Dauer der Hochspannungsimpulse viel kleiner war als ihr zeitlicher Abstand. Bevorzugt waren bei den Hochspannungsimpulsen Pulsabfolgen mit alternierender Polarität an der Elektrode 1.In the second case, the particularly good results in the modification the wooden surface 7, it is a AC high voltage from individual high voltage pulses of 40 up to 50 kV with a pulse duration of 2 µs, which means a frequency of Corresponds to 500 kHz, and a pulse repetition frequency of 10 to 17 kHz. This means that the duration of the high voltage pulses the high voltage pulse was much smaller than her time Distance. The high-voltage pulses were preferred Pulse sequences with alternating polarity at the electrode 1.

Die mit dem neuen Verfahren zum Modifizieren einer Holzoberfläche 7 erreichbaren Vorteile werden im folgenden anhand einzelner Anwendungsbeispiele erläutert.The one with the new method of modifying a wooden surface 7 achievable advantages are shown below individual application examples explained.

ReinigenClean

Mit den neuen Verfahren kann eine dünne Holzschicht von der zu modifizierenden Holzoberfläche 7 entfernt werden, deren Struktur durch eine vorherige mechanische Bearbeitung zerstört wurde und die deshalb nur eine lockere Bindung zum Massivholz hat. Unter einer derartigen mechanischen Bearbeitung ist beispielsweise ein Sägevorgang zu verstehen, durch den die zu modifizierende Holzoberfläche 7 entstanden ist. Neben dem Reinigen der Holzoberfläche 7 werden auch Poren zwischen den Holzfasern durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren geöffnet.With the new process, a thin layer of wood can be removed from the modifying wood surface 7 are removed, its structure was destroyed by previous mechanical processing and which therefore has only a loose connection to solid wood. Under such a mechanical processing is, for example To understand the sawing process by which to be modified Wood surface 7 has arisen. In addition to cleaning the Wood surface 7 are also pores between the wood fibers opened the method according to the invention.

VerleimenGlue

Mit dem neuen Verfahren wird wie oben unter Reinigen beschrieben die durch die mechanische Vorbehandlung geschädigte dünne Holzschicht von der Holzoberfläche 7 entfernt und die physikalischen und chemischen Oberflächeneigenschaften werden so verändert, daß eine bessere Verbindung von Kleber und Massivholz und damit eine höhere Klebefestigkeit erreicht wird. Wegen der schlechten Haltbarkeit von Hirnholzverklebungen, beispielsweise bei Leimhölzern, ist derzeit noch eine Verzahnung (Verzinkung) der Holzstücke erforderlich. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Modifizierung der Holzoberflächen 7 kann hier eine höhere Klebefestigkeit erreicht werden, so daß je nach Belastung auf die Verzahnung der Holzstücke verzichtet werden kann. In Abhängigkeit von der Kontur der zu modifizierenden Oberfläche vor der erfindungsgemäßen Behandlung kann vor der Verklebung von Leimhölzern auf einen vorausgehenden Hobelschritt verzichtet werden.The new procedure is as described above under cleaning the thin layer of wood damaged by the mechanical pre-treatment removed from the wooden surface 7 and the physical and chemical surface properties are changed so that a better connection of glue and solid wood and thus a higher adhesive strength is achieved. Because of the poor durability end grain gluing, for example in glued wood, is currently still a toothing (galvanizing) of the Pieces of wood required. Through the modification according to the invention the wooden surfaces 7 can have a higher adhesive strength here be achieved so that depending on the load on the toothing the pieces of wood can be dispensed with. In dependence of the contour of the surface to be modified in front of the invention Treatment can be applied prior to gluing glue sticks a previous planing step can be dispensed with.

Beschichtencoating

Wie oben unter Reinigen beschrieben wird mit Hilfe des neuen Verfahrens eine dünne Holzschicht entfernt, deren Struktur durch eine vorherige mechanische Bearbeitung zerstört wurde und die deshalb nur eine lockere Bindung zum Massivholz aufweist. Zusätzlich werden die Poren zwischen die Holzfasern geöffnet, damit Beschichtungen, beispielsweise Anstriche, besser verankert werden.As described above under cleaning with the new Procedure removes a thin layer of wood, whose structure through a previous mechanical processing was destroyed and the therefore only has a loose bond to solid wood. additionally the pores are opened between the wood fibers, to better anchor coatings, such as paints become.

Darüberhinaus können zwischen die Elektroden 1, 2 reaktive Gase eingebracht werden, so daß das Holz aus dem Plasma 12 heraus beschichtet bzw. einer chemischen Reaktion unterworfen wird. Die so aufgebrachten Beschichtungen bzw. so hervorgerufenen Reaktionen können bereits die Endbehandlung der zu modifizierenden Holzoberfläche 7 darstellen.In addition, reactive gases can be between the electrodes 1, 2 be introduced so that the wood is coated out of the plasma 12 or is subjected to a chemical reaction. The coatings applied in this way or reactions caused in this way can already be the final treatment of the to be modified Represent wooden surface 7.

Konservierungpreservation

Durch die erfindungsgemäße Modifizierung der Holzoberfläche 7 läßt sich ihr Benetzungsvermögen beeinflussen. Durch gepulste Entladung können auch Verdichtungen der Holzoberfläche 7 erreicht werden. Ab einer Dichte von 1,4 g/cm3 kann beispielsweise eine Wasseraufnahme über die Holzoberfläche 7 weitgehende verhindert werden. Hierdurch ergibt sich eine sehr umweltfreundliche Methode der Holzkonservierung. The wetting capacity can be influenced by the modification of the wooden surface 7 according to the invention. Pulsed discharge can also be used to compress the wooden surface 7. From a density of 1.4 g / cm 3 , water absorption over the wooden surface 7 can be largely prevented, for example. This results in a very environmentally friendly method of wood preservation.

AusbleichenBleach

Bei einem weißen Anstrich von Holzoberflächen schlagen häufig Holzinhaltsstoffe in den Anstrich durch, so daß der weiße Anstrich vergilbt und mit der Zeit auch braune Flecken sichtbar werden. Durch die erfindungsgemäße Modifizierung der Holzoberfläche 7 werden Holzinhaltsstoffe, die für diese Effekte verantwortlich sind, ausgeblichen bzw. immobilisiert, bevor die weiße Farbe auf die Holzoberfläche aufgebracht wird. Zu diesem Zweck ist das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren so zu modifizieren, daß Sauerstoff in den Bereich der dielektrisch behinderten Entladung eingebracht wird. Durch die Entladung wird dann atomarer Sauerstoff und Ozon erzeugt, die zum Ausbleichen der unerwünschten Holzinhaltsstoffe dienen. Auch durch die Erzeugung von ultraviolettem Licht in der dielektrisch behinderten Entladung kann diese Bleichwirkung erzielt werden. Gleichzeitig kann durch Wahl anderer Parameter dafür Sorge getragen werden, daß eine Oxidation der Holzoberfläche selbst nicht auftritt. With a white coat of wood surfaces often beat Wood ingredients in the paint through so that the white Painting yellowed and brown spots can be seen over time become. By the modification of the wood surface according to the invention 7 are wood ingredients that are responsible for these effects are faded or immobilized before the white one Paint is applied to the wood surface. To this end the method according to the invention is to be modified such that Oxygen in the area of the dielectric barrier discharge is introduced. The discharge then turns into atomic oxygen and generates ozone that fades to the unwanted Wood ingredients serve. Also through the generation of ultraviolet Light in the dielectric barrier discharge can this bleaching effect can be achieved. At the same time, by choice other parameters to ensure that oxidation the wood surface itself does not occur.

BEZUGSZEICHENLISTE:LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS:

  • Elektrode 1Electrode 1
  • Gegenelektrode 2Counter electrode 2
  • dielektrische Schicht 3dielectric layer 3
  • Förderband 4Conveyor belt 4
  • dielektrisches Material 5dielectric material 5
  • Holzstück 6Piece of wood 6
  • Holzoberfläche 7Wood surface 7
  • Abstand 8Distance 8
  • Erde 9Earth 9
  • Hochspannungsnetzgerät 10High voltage power supply 10
  • Entladung 11Discharge 11
  • Plasma 12Plasma 12
  • Pfeile 13 bis 15Arrows 13 to 15
  • Kontur 16Contour 16
  • Claims (10)

    1. A method for modifying a wooden surface, an electrode (1) being arranged opposite the wooden surface (7) to be modified, and an alternating high voltage being applied to the electrode, in order to cause a discharge between the wooden surface and the electrode under atmospheric pressure, a dielectric layer (3) being arranged between the electrode and the wooden surface to be modified and the alternating high voltage being applied with a frequency of more than 600 Hz, characterized in that a piece of wood (6) comprising the wooden surface (7) to be modified is used as a counter-electrode (2) for the electrode (1).
    2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the piece of wood (6) comprising the wooden surface (7) to be modified is.
    3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the piece of wood (6) comprising the wooden surface (7) to be modified is conveyed on a conveyer belt (4) made of dielectric material (5) over a flat counter-electrode (2) being arranged in parallel with the flat electrode (1).
    4. The method to any of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the electrode (1) is moved in parallel to the wooden surface (7) to be modified with respect to the piece of wood (6) comprising the wooden surface (7) to be modified.
    5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the surface of the electrode (1) which is facing the wooden surface (7) to be modified is small as compared to the surface of the wooden surface (7) to be modified.
    6. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the surface of the electrode (1) is dimensioned with regard to the surface of the wooden surface (7) to be modified in such a way that the wooden surface (7) to be modified at least covers 90 % of the cross sectional area of the discharge (11).
    7. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the alternating high voltage is applied with a frequency of 5 to 3000 kHz.
    8. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the alternating high voltage is comprised of single high voltage pulses, their distance being longer than their duration.
    9. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the alternating high voltage is applied with alternating polarity.
    10. The method according to any of the claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the electrode (1) having the dielectric layer (3) is arranged at a distance (8) of 1 to 25 mm from the wooden surface (7) to be modified.
    EP00993244A 1999-12-01 2000-11-09 Method for modifying wooden surfaces by electrical discharges at atmospheric pressure Expired - Lifetime EP1233854B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (3)

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    DE19957775A DE19957775C1 (en) 1999-12-01 1999-12-01 Modification of wood surfaces uses an electrode fed with alternating high voltages which generates an electrical discharge under atmospheric pressure to cover the wood surface
    DE19957775 1999-12-01
    PCT/EP2000/011083 WO2001039944A1 (en) 1999-12-01 2000-11-09 Method for modifying wooden surfaces by electrical discharges at atmospheric pressure

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    EP1233854B1 true EP1233854B1 (en) 2004-01-02

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    CA2393952A1 (en) 2001-06-07
    EP1233854A1 (en) 2002-08-28
    HU226188B1 (en) 2008-06-30
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    AU5437501A (en) 2001-06-12
    US6818102B1 (en) 2004-11-16
    DE50004948D1 (en) 2004-02-05
    DE19957775C1 (en) 2000-07-13
    WO2001039944A1 (en) 2001-06-07
    CZ297731B6 (en) 2007-03-14
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    CA2393952C (en) 2008-12-30
    ATE257063T1 (en) 2004-01-15

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