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EP1228254A1 - Method for making carbon steel bands, in particular packaging steel bands, and resulting bands - Google Patents

Method for making carbon steel bands, in particular packaging steel bands, and resulting bands

Info

Publication number
EP1228254A1
EP1228254A1 EP00964323A EP00964323A EP1228254A1 EP 1228254 A1 EP1228254 A1 EP 1228254A1 EP 00964323 A EP00964323 A EP 00964323A EP 00964323 A EP00964323 A EP 00964323A EP 1228254 A1 EP1228254 A1 EP 1228254A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
strip
steel
carried out
reduction rate
packaging
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00964323A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1228254B1 (en
Inventor
Michel Faral
Michel Guttmann
Jean-Hubert Schmitt
Catherine Juckum
Hélène Regle
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ArcelorMittal France SA
Original Assignee
USINOR Sacilor SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by USINOR Sacilor SA filed Critical USINOR Sacilor SA
Publication of EP1228254A1 publication Critical patent/EP1228254A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
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Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0421—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0436—Cold rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/041—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing involving a particular fabrication or treatment of ingot or slab
    • C21D8/0415—Rapid solidification; Thin strip casting
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
    • C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
    • B21B2201/00—Special rolling modes
    • B21B2201/04—Ferritic rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0421—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0426—Hot rolling
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
    • C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
    • C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
    • C21D8/02—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips
    • C21D8/04—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing
    • C21D8/0421—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of plates or strips to produce plates or strips for deep-drawing characterised by the working steps
    • C21D8/0431—Warm rolling

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the steel industry. More specifically, it relates to the manufacture of steel strips intended to be transformed into thin packaging, such as cans for drinks and canned food.
  • the conventional process for manufacturing steel strips intended to then be transformed into thin packaging, in particular for beverages and food products comprises the following stages:
  • this cold rolling can be carried out in a single step, or in two steps which can be separated by a heat treatment, according to the final thickness desired for the strip;
  • the thicknesses of the final strips after cold rolling and annealing are of the order of 0.09 to 0.40 mm. These strips are then cut into sheets and / or blanks, which are stamped to form the desired packaging.
  • This manufacturing chain is long and costly in energy, because it requires the use of separate installations.
  • rolling the slabs on the belt train is expensive, in particular because these slabs must first be reheated to high temperature.
  • the band train is a tool requiring a high investment.
  • the strip thus cast then undergoes pickling, a first cold rolling, a recrystallization annealing and a second cold rolling.
  • the total reduction rate undergone by the strip during cold rolling is between 85 and 95% if it is desired to obtain satisfactory results on the rate of the drawing horns, the anisotropy coefficient r and the planar anisotropy ⁇ r.
  • the casting between rolls can be followed by a light hot rolling with a reduction rate of 20 to 50%, or even more.
  • the manufacture of the hot strip which must then undergo rolling cold and associated treatments is faster and more economical. However, the need for subsequent cold rolling in two stages separated by annealing tempers these advantages.
  • the object of the invention is to propose a more economical method than the known methods for obtaining cold-rolled steel strips usable for the manufacture of packaging, in particular for food packaging such as drink cans.
  • the subject of the invention is a process for manufacturing strips of carbon steel, in particular steel for packaging, according to which: - it is cast in the form of a thin strip of 0.7 to 10 mm thickness, directly from liquid metal, a steel having a composition suitable for use as steel for packaging;
  • the subject of the invention is also a strip of carbon steel, in particular steel for packaging, characterized in that it is capable of being obtained by the preceding process.
  • the invention is based on the use of a casting process between rolls followed by at least one step of hot rolling in line and of a particular cooling of the strip.
  • a hot strip is thus obtained which tolerates then only undergoing a single cold rolling step (apart from the conventional final pass through the skin-pass) in order to be given the properties which make it suitable for the manufacture of steels for packaging.
  • the process according to the invention begins with the casting in the form of thin strips 0.7 to 10 mm thick (preferably 1 to 4 mm) of a semi-finished product with low or ultra-low carbon content. a steel which can be used for packaging of conventional composition.
  • This composition for the main elements present, meets the main criteria (the percentages are expressed as weight percentages): 0% ⁇ C ⁇ 0.15%; 0% ⁇ Mn ⁇ 0.6%; 0% ⁇ P ⁇ 0.025%; 0% ⁇ S ⁇ 0.05%; 0% ⁇ Al ⁇ 0.12%; 0% ⁇ N ⁇ 0.04% o.
  • This steel also contains the usual impurities resulting from the production, and possibly alloying elements in small quantities which will not adversely affect the properties of the products during their shaping or their use as steels for packaging (it is thus known in some steels for packaging, introduce a few thousandths of% boron), the rest being iron.
  • the alloying elements generally absent, may possibly be present in contents of up to 1%; These elements are notably Si, Cr, Ni, Mo, Cu. For regulatory reasons, certain alloying elements must be excluded when the steel is intended for packaging; these elements are for example lead, cadmium and arsenic.
  • the continuous casting of thin strips directly from liquid metal is a technique which has been tried for several years for the casting of carbon steels, stainless steels and other ferrous alloys.
  • the most commonly used technique for casting thin strips of ferrous alloys, and which is in the process of reaching the industrial stage, is the technique known as “casting between cylinders”, according to which liquid metal is introduced between two cylinders brought close together. horizontal axes, rotated in opposite directions and internally cooled. The casting space is closed laterally by refractory plates applied against the flat side faces of the cylinders.
  • Solidified metal "skins" form on each of the cylinders, and meet at the neck (the area where the gap between the cylindrical lateral surfaces of the cylinders is smallest and corresponds substantially to the thickness desired for the strip ) to form a solidified strip.
  • This technique is particularly recommended for the invention because it gives access to strip thicknesses of a few mm, and reference will be made to this in the following description.
  • other methods of direct casting of thin strips can be used, such as casting between two moving strips which makes it possible to cast products a little thicker than casting between rolls.
  • one of the advantages of casting between cylinders is the possibility of obtaining, if necessary, extremely thick transverse strip thickness profiles, thanks to the excellent mastery of the curvature of the cylinders which the modes allow. of putting this most advanced process into practice (see, for example, document EP 0 736 350).
  • the strip preferably crosses an area such as an enclosure inerted by gas blowing, where it is subjected to a non-oxidizing environment (a neutral atmosphere of nitrogen or argon, or even a atmosphere containing a certain proportion of hydrogen to make it reducing), in order to avoid or limit the formation of scale on its surface.
  • a non-oxidizing environment a neutral atmosphere of nitrogen or argon, or even a atmosphere containing a certain proportion of hydrogen to make it reducing
  • - a thickness of less than 3 mm (typically 0.9 mm) which, in conjunction with the reduction rates which will be applied during the cold rolling which will follow, will make it possible to obtain final strips having the desired thickness;
  • - a metallurgical structure which, still in conjunction with the treatments subsequently undergone by the strip, makes it possible to obtain on the strip the mechanical properties required for the future use of the metal, for example as steel for packaging;
  • a single step of hot rolling of the strip is carried out, ending at a temperature higher than the temperature Ar 3 of the cast steel, in other words in the austenitic field.
  • This hot rolling is carried out with a minimum reduction rate of 20%, and preferably this rate is greater than 50%.
  • the functions of this hot rolling are:
  • This single hot rolling step can be carried out by passing the strip through a single rolling stand. It can also be carried out more gradually by passing the strip through two or more rolling stands.
  • the first cage can, for example, apply to the strip a reduction rate which is only sufficient to close the porosities, and the second cage then provides the major part of the reduction in thickness enabling the two other functions of hot rolling to be fulfilled.
  • the main thing is that the overall reduction rate caused by this or these passages in the successive cage or cages and the temperature of the strip after its passage in the last cage are within the prescribed ranges of values.
  • hot rolling takes place in two stages, separated by reheating, and possibly by descaling.
  • the first of these steps is carried out either in the austenitic domain, or in the ferri tic domain of the casting strip, with a reduction rate of 20 to 70%. It has functions identical to those of the single hot rolling step of the first variant, and can also be carried out by passing the strip through one or more successive rolling mill stands.
  • this first rolling step takes place in the ferritic field when it is desired to obtain a final thickness of the strip that is small, because less effort is required to deform the strip evenly over its entire width than when the strip is in the austenitic domain.
  • this first hot rolling step is carried out by distributing it over several cages, it is however possible to begin this first step in the austenitic field, for example by a relatively light rolling which would mainly aim at closing the porosities, and finish in the ferritic area where the rest of the thickness reduction would be carried out.
  • the strip is allowed to cool down to the ferritic region if it is not already there (if necessary using a slight forced cooling), then a treatment is applied to it. thermal reheating which brings it back into the austenitic domain, therefore above the temperature Ar 3 . This causes an additional phase change in the strip, which results in an even further refinement of the grains of the metallurgical structure.
  • the second stage of hot rolling is carried out, in the austenitic field, with a reduction rate of 10 to 30%.
  • This second hot rolling has the essential function of correcting the geometric defects (bad planarity, saber ...) that the first hot rolling could have caused.
  • Intermediate heating can be achieved by means of an inductor through which the strip passes. For a strip 0.75 mm thick and 850 mm wide running at a speed of 200 m / min, a power of 1.04 MW is necessary if a temperature rise of 100 ° C is sought.
  • the two variants which have just been described therefore have the common point of ending with a rolling carried out on the strip in the austenitic phase, which therefore ends above the temperature Ar 3 .
  • the method according to the invention continues with cooling of the strip which includes a forced cooling step at a speed of 80 to 400 ° C / s, preferably 100 to 300 ° C / s.
  • This cooling ends in the ferritic domain of cast steel, and in general brings the strip to a temperature close to its winding temperature. Its purpose is to avoid excessive growth in the size of the grains before winding and during the stay of the strip in the form of a reel.
  • This winding temperature is typically less than 750 ° C.
  • the winding temperature can be chosen around 550 ° C or 600 ° C or 700 ° C in order to favor more or less the precipitation of aluminum nitrides.
  • This forced cooling can start immediately after the austenitic rolling of the strip, but it is advisable to start it only after having allowed the strip to cool at low speed (about 10 ° C / s, which is accessible by a simple exposure in the open air) and pass into the ferritic domain, therefore below Ar 3 .
  • the accelerated cooling should preferably not start at a temperature below Ar 3 - 10 ° C.
  • the use of rapid cooling before winding avoids the presence of large grains in the skin of the strip, which are particularly undesirable on steels for packaging. Indeed, these must have, after cold rolling, a very high homogeneity of their final characteristics.
  • the strip wound and then unwound then undergoes cold rolling at a reduction rate of at least 85%, preferably more than 90%>.
  • This cold rolling can perfectly be carried out by simple reduction, that is to say in a single stage, and not imperatively in two stages with intermediate annealing as was the case in the document JP 09-001207 already cited (cold rolling double reduction). Stamping capacities comparable to those obtained by known methods are obtained, and strip thicknesses less than 0.09 mm of known methods are available without having to resort to double reduction cold rolling. . If it is not desired to obtain thinner strips than usual, the conventional thicknesses can be obtained with lower reduction rates during cold rolling, which is more economical. It is, of course, possible to carry out a cold rolling of the strip in double reduction if one wishes to obtain an even smaller thickness or higher mechanical characteristics
  • Table 1 which gives examples of final thicknesses of the strip as a function of its initial thickness after casting and of the rolling rates applied during the hot rolling steps (in one or two steps depending on the chosen variant) and cold rolling
  • the strip undergoes the usual annealing (base or continuous) intended to give it its mechanical properties.
  • This annealing can be followed, as usual, by pickling, coating and / or passing to the skm-pass.
  • the exit speeds of the strip from the hot rolling mill being of the order of 250 m / min or less, these speeds are compatible with placing on a single line of this rolling mill (therefore of the casting line as a whole) and one or more of the cold rolling, annealing and cold treatment operations for steels for packaging, the metal throughput of which is compatible with that of the hot rolling mill.
  • the invention finds a preferred field of application in the manufacture of steel strips intended to be stamped to form packaging for beverages or canned food, it goes without saying that it can be applied to the production of strips of steel intended for other uses for which similar qualities would be required for the bands produced

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Sheet Steel (AREA)
  • Metal Rolling (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Heat Treatment Of Steel (AREA)
  • Carbon And Carbon Compounds (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to the iron and steel industry. More specifically, the invention describes the manufacture of steel strip intended to be converted into thin packaging, such as for drinks and preserved food.

Description

PROCEDE DE FABRICATION DE BANDES D'ACIER AU CARBONE, NOTAMMENT D'ACIER POUR EMBALLAGES, ET BANDES AINSI PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CARBON STEEL STRIPS, ESPECIALLY STEEL FOR PACKAGING, AND STRIPS THUS
PRODUITESGOODS
L'invention concerne la sidérurgie. Plus précisément, elle concerne la fabrication des bandes d'acier destinées à être transformées en emballages de faible épaisseur, tels que des boîtes pour boissons et aliments en conserve.The invention relates to the steel industry. More specifically, it relates to the manufacture of steel strips intended to be transformed into thin packaging, such as cans for drinks and canned food.
Le procédé classique de fabrication de bandes d'acier destinées à être ensuite transformées en emballages de faible épaisseur, notamment pour boissons et produits alimentaires, comporte les étapes suivantes :The conventional process for manufacturing steel strips intended to then be transformed into thin packaging, in particular for beverages and food products, comprises the following stages:
- coulée continue de brames d'acier au carbone ;- continuous casting of carbon steel slabs;
- laminage à chaud de ces brames sur un train à bandes avec une température de fin de laminage supérieure à la température Ar3 de la nuance considérée ;hot rolling of these slabs on a strip train with an end of rolling temperature higher than the temperature Ar 3 of the grade considered;
- laminage à froid de la bande à chaud ainsi obtenue, ce laminage à froid pouvant être effectué en une étape unique, ou en deux étapes pouvant être séparées par un traitement thermique, selon l'épaisseur finale désirée pour la bande ;cold rolling of the hot strip thus obtained, this cold rolling can be carried out in a single step, or in two steps which can be separated by a heat treatment, according to the final thickness desired for the strip;
- recuit de la bande à froid ainsi obtenue, par recuit base ou recuit continu.annealing of the cold strip thus obtained, by base annealing or continuous annealing.
Dans la pratique, les épaisseurs des bandes finales après laminage à froid et recuit sont de l'ordre de 0,09 à 0,40 mm. Ces bandes sont ensuite découpées en feuilles et/ou en flans, qui sont emboutis pour former les emballages recherchés.In practice, the thicknesses of the final strips after cold rolling and annealing are of the order of 0.09 to 0.40 mm. These strips are then cut into sheets and / or blanks, which are stamped to form the desired packaging.
Cette filière de fabrication est longue et coûteuse en énergie, du fait qu'elle nécessite l'utilisation d'installations séparées. En particulier, le laminage des brames sur le train à bandes est onéreux, notamment parce que ces brames doivent préalablement être réchauffées à haute température. D'autre part, le train à bandes est un outil nécessitant un investissement élevé.This manufacturing chain is long and costly in energy, because it requires the use of separate installations. In particular, rolling the slabs on the belt train is expensive, in particular because these slabs must first be reheated to high temperature. On the other hand, the band train is a tool requiring a high investment.
Cet inconvénient peut être contourné en remplaçant l'ensemble coulée continue- four de réchauffage-train à bandes par une installation de coulée directe de bandes minces d'épaisseur inférieure à 10 mm. Cette solution a été proposée dans le document JP 09- 001207, qui enseigne de couler directement à partir de métal liquide, sur une installation de coulée entre deux cylindres contrarotatifs refroidis intérieurement, des bandes dont la composition correspond à une nuance classique d'aciers pour emballages (C% < 0,15 ; Mn% < 0,6 ; P% < 0,025 ; S% < 0,025 ; Al% < 0,12% ; N% < 0,01 ; Otota,% < 0,007%, toutes ces teneurs étant exprimées en pourcentages pondéraux). La bande ainsi coulée subit ensuite un décapage, un premier laminage à froid, un recuit de recristallisation et un second laminage à froid. Le taux de réduction total subi par la bande lors des laminages à froid est compris entre 85 et 95% si on veut obtenir des résultats satisfaisants sur le taux des cornes d'emboutissage, le coefficient d'anisotropie r et l'anisotropie planaire Δr. La coulée entre cylindres peut être suivie par un léger laminage à chaud avec un taux de réduction de 20 à 50%, voire davantage. La fabrication de la bande à chaud qui doit ensuite subir le laminage à froid et les traitements associés est ainsi plus rapide et plus économique. Toutefois, la nécessité de procéder ensuite à un laminage à froid en deux étapes séparées par un recuit tempère ces avantages.This drawback can be overcome by replacing the continuous casting-reheating furnace-strip train assembly with an installation for direct casting of thin strips with a thickness of less than 10 mm. This solution was proposed in the document JP 09-001207, which teaches to pour directly from liquid metal, on a casting installation between two internally cooled counter-rotating cylinders, strips whose composition corresponds to a conventional grade of steels for packaging (C% <0.15; Mn% <0.6; P% <0.025; S% <0.025; Al% <0.12%; N% <0.01; O tota ,% <0.007%, all these contents being expressed in percentages by weight). The strip thus cast then undergoes pickling, a first cold rolling, a recrystallization annealing and a second cold rolling. The total reduction rate undergone by the strip during cold rolling is between 85 and 95% if it is desired to obtain satisfactory results on the rate of the drawing horns, the anisotropy coefficient r and the planar anisotropy Δr. The casting between rolls can be followed by a light hot rolling with a reduction rate of 20 to 50%, or even more. The manufacture of the hot strip which must then undergo rolling cold and associated treatments is faster and more economical. However, the need for subsequent cold rolling in two stages separated by annealing tempers these advantages.
Le but de l'invention est de proposer un procédé plus économique que les procédés connus pour l'obtention de bandes d'acier laminées à froid utilisables pour la fabrication d'emballages, notamment pour emballages alimentaires tels que des boîtes- boisson.The object of the invention is to propose a more economical method than the known methods for obtaining cold-rolled steel strips usable for the manufacture of packaging, in particular for food packaging such as drink cans.
A cet effet, l'invention a pour objet un procédé de fabrication de bandes d'acier au carbone, notamment d'acier pour emballages, selon lequel : - on coule sous forme d'une bande mince de 0,7 à 10 mm d'épaisseur, directement à partir de métal liquide, un acier ayant une composition adaptée à une utilisation comme acier pour emballage ;To this end, the subject of the invention is a process for manufacturing strips of carbon steel, in particular steel for packaging, according to which: - it is cast in the form of a thin strip of 0.7 to 10 mm thickness, directly from liquid metal, a steel having a composition suitable for use as steel for packaging;
- on effectue une opération de laminage à chaud en ligne de ladite bande, se terminant dans le domaine austénitique dudit acier ; - on effectue un refroidissement forcé de ladite bande à une vitesse de 80 à- An online hot rolling operation of said strip is carried out, ending in the austenitic domain of said steel; - Forced cooling of said strip is carried out at a speed of 80 to
400° C/s se terminant dans le domaine ferritique dudit acier ;400 ° C / s ending in the ferritic range of said steel;
- on effectue un laminage à froid de ladite bande à un taux de réduction de 85% au moins ;- Cold rolling of said strip is carried out at a reduction rate of at least 85%;
- et on effectue un recuit de ladite bande. L'invention a également pour objet une bande d'acier au carbone, notamment d'acier pour emballages, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est susceptible d'être obtenue par le procédé précédent.- And annealing said strip is carried out. The subject of the invention is also a strip of carbon steel, in particular steel for packaging, characterized in that it is capable of being obtained by the preceding process.
Comme on l'aura compris, l'invention repose sur l'utilisation d'un procédé de coulée entre cylindres suivi d'au moins une étape de laminage à chaud en ligne et d'un refroidissement particulier de la bande. On obtient ainsi une bande à chaud qui tolère de ne subir ensuite qu'une seule étape de laminage à froid (hormis le classique passage final au skin-pass) pour se voir conférer les propriétés qui la rendent adaptée à la fabrication d'aciers pour emballages.As will be understood, the invention is based on the use of a casting process between rolls followed by at least one step of hot rolling in line and of a particular cooling of the strip. A hot strip is thus obtained which tolerates then only undergoing a single cold rolling step (apart from the conventional final pass through the skin-pass) in order to be given the properties which make it suitable for the manufacture of steels for packaging.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à la lecture de la description qui suit. Le procédé selon l'invention commence par la coulée sous forme de bandes minces de 0,7 à 10 mm d'épaisseur (préférentiellement de 1 à 4 mm) d'un demi-produit à basse ou ultra-basse teneur en carbone d'un acier pouvant être utilisé pour l'emballage de composition classique. Cette composition, pour les principaux éléments présents, répond aux critères principaux (les pourcentages sont exprimés en pourcentages pondéraux) : 0% < C < 0,15% ; 0% < Mn < 0,6% ; 0% < P < 0,025% ; 0% < S < 0,05% ; 0 % < Al < 0,12% ; 0% < N < 0,04%o. Cet acier contient en outre des impuretés habituelles résultant de l'élaboration, et éventuellement des éléments d'alliage en faible quantité qui n'affecteront pas défavorablement les propriétés des produits lors de leur mise en forme ou de leur utilisation comme aciers pour emballages (il est ainsi connu, dans certains aciers pour emballage, d'introduire quelques millièmes de % de bore), le reste étant du fer. Les éléments d'alliage, en général absents, peuvent, éventuellement, être présents en des teneurs pouvant aller jusqu'à 1% ; Ces éléments sont notamment Si, Cr, Ni, Mo, Cu. Pour des raisons réglementaires, certains éléments d'alliages doivent être exclus lorsque l'acier est destiné à l'emballage ; ces éléments sont par exemple le plomb, le cadmium et l'arsenic.The invention will be better understood on reading the description which follows. The process according to the invention begins with the casting in the form of thin strips 0.7 to 10 mm thick (preferably 1 to 4 mm) of a semi-finished product with low or ultra-low carbon content. a steel which can be used for packaging of conventional composition. This composition, for the main elements present, meets the main criteria (the percentages are expressed as weight percentages): 0% <C <0.15%; 0% <Mn <0.6%; 0% <P <0.025%; 0% <S <0.05%; 0% <Al <0.12%; 0% <N <0.04% o. This steel also contains the usual impurities resulting from the production, and possibly alloying elements in small quantities which will not adversely affect the properties of the products during their shaping or their use as steels for packaging (it is thus known in some steels for packaging, introduce a few thousandths of% boron), the rest being iron. The alloying elements, generally absent, may possibly be present in contents of up to 1%; These elements are notably Si, Cr, Ni, Mo, Cu. For regulatory reasons, certain alloying elements must be excluded when the steel is intended for packaging; these elements are for example lead, cadmium and arsenic.
La coulée continue de bandes minces directement à partir de métal liquide est une technique qui est expérimentée depuis plusieurs années pour la coulée d'aciers au carbone, d'aciers inoxydables et d'autres alliages ferreux. La technique la plus couramment utilisée en coulée de bandes minces d'alliages ferreux, et qui est en train de parvenir au stade industriel, est la technique dite de « coulée entre cylindres », selon laquelle on introduit du métal liquide entre deux cylindres rapprochés à axes horizontaux, mis en rotation en sens inverses et refroidis intérieurement. L'espace de coulée est obturé latéralement par des plaques en réfractaire appliquées contre les faces latérales planes des cylindres. Des « peaux » de métal solidifié se forment sur chacun des cylindres, et se rejoignent au niveau du col (la zone où l'écart entre les surfaces latérales cylindriques des cylindres est le plus faible et correspond sensiblement à l'épaisseur désirée pour la bande) pour former une bande solidifiée. Cette technique est particulièrement recommandée pour l'invention parce qu'elle donne accès aux épaisseurs de bande de quelques mm, et on s'y référera dans la suite de la description. Mais on peut utiliser d'autres procédés de coulée directe de bandes minces, tels que la coulée entre deux bandes en défilement qui permet de couler des produits un peu plus épais que la coulée entre cylindres. Toutefois, l'un des avantages de la coulée entre cylindres est la possibilité d'obtenir, si nécessaire, des profils d'épaisseur de la bande en sens travers extrêmement plats, grâce à l'excellente maîtrise du bombé des cylindres que permettent les modes de mise en pratique de ce procédé les plus évolués (voir, par exemple, le document EP 0 736 350).The continuous casting of thin strips directly from liquid metal is a technique which has been tried for several years for the casting of carbon steels, stainless steels and other ferrous alloys. The most commonly used technique for casting thin strips of ferrous alloys, and which is in the process of reaching the industrial stage, is the technique known as “casting between cylinders”, according to which liquid metal is introduced between two cylinders brought close together. horizontal axes, rotated in opposite directions and internally cooled. The casting space is closed laterally by refractory plates applied against the flat side faces of the cylinders. Solidified metal "skins" form on each of the cylinders, and meet at the neck (the area where the gap between the cylindrical lateral surfaces of the cylinders is smallest and corresponds substantially to the thickness desired for the strip ) to form a solidified strip. This technique is particularly recommended for the invention because it gives access to strip thicknesses of a few mm, and reference will be made to this in the following description. However, other methods of direct casting of thin strips can be used, such as casting between two moving strips which makes it possible to cast products a little thicker than casting between rolls. However, one of the advantages of casting between cylinders is the possibility of obtaining, if necessary, extremely thick transverse strip thickness profiles, thanks to the excellent mastery of the curvature of the cylinders which the modes allow. of putting this most advanced process into practice (see, for example, document EP 0 736 350).
A sa sortie des cylindres, la bande traverse, de préférence, une zone telle qu'une enceinte inertée par une insufflation de gaz, où elle est soumise à un environnement non oxydant (une atmosphère neutre d'azote ou d'argon, voire une atmosphère comportant une certaine proportion d'hydrogène pour la rendre réductrice), afin d'éviter ou de limiter la formation de calamine à sa surface. En sortie de cette zone d'inertage on peut également placer un dispositif de décalaminage de la bande par projection de grenailles ou de CO2 solide sur sa surface ou par brossage, afin d'éliminer la calamine qui aurait pu se former malgré les précautions prises. On peut également choisir de laisser se former la calamine de façon naturelle sans chercher à inerter l'atmosphère environnant la bande, puis d'éliminer cette calamine par un dispositif tel qu'on vient de le décrire. La présence de calamine sur la bande n'est, en général, pas souhaitée, à cause des risques d'incrustation de cette calamine dans la surface de la bande lors des laminages ultérieurs. De telles incrustations conduisent à un médiocre état de surface des produits. De plus, la calamine augmente les efforts de laminage à appliquer, et dégrade l'état de surface des cylindres du laminoir.At its exit from the cylinders, the strip preferably crosses an area such as an enclosure inerted by gas blowing, where it is subjected to a non-oxidizing environment (a neutral atmosphere of nitrogen or argon, or even a atmosphere containing a certain proportion of hydrogen to make it reducing), in order to avoid or limit the formation of scale on its surface. At the exit from this inerting zone, it is also possible to place a device for descaling the strip by spraying shot or solid CO 2 onto its surface or by brushing, in order to eliminate the scale which could have formed despite the precautions taken. . It is also possible to choose to allow the scale to form naturally without seeking to inert the atmosphere surrounding the strip, then to eliminate this scale by a device such as has just been described. The presence of scale on the strip is generally not desired, because of the risks of encrustation of this scale in the surface of the strip during subsequent rolling. Such inlays lead to a poor surface condition of the products. In addition, the scale increases the rolling forces to be applied, and degrades the surface condition of the rolls of the rolling mill.
Autant que possible immédiatement après la sortie de la bande de l'installation d'inertage ou de décalaminage, s'il y en a une, a lieu une opération de laminage à chaud de la bande, suivie par un refroidissement fort. Le but de ce traitement est d'obtenir une bande ayant :As soon as possible immediately after leaving the strip from the inerting or descaling installation, if there is one, a hot rolling operation of the strip takes place, followed by strong cooling. The purpose of this treatment is to obtain a strip having:
- une épaisseur inférieure à 3 mm (typiquement 0,9 mm) qui, en liaison avec les taux de réduction qui seront pratiqués lors du laminage à froid qui suivra, permettra d'obtenir des bandes finales ayant l'épaisseur souhaitée ; - une structure métallurgique qui, toujours en liaison avec les traitements ultérieurement subis par la bande, permet d'obtenir sur la bande les propriétés mécaniques requises pour l'utilisation future du métal, par exemple comme acier pour emballages ;- a thickness of less than 3 mm (typically 0.9 mm) which, in conjunction with the reduction rates which will be applied during the cold rolling which will follow, will make it possible to obtain final strips having the desired thickness; - a metallurgical structure which, still in conjunction with the treatments subsequently undergone by the strip, makes it possible to obtain on the strip the mechanical properties required for the future use of the metal, for example as steel for packaging;
- un profil travers plus plat que ceux obtenus avec les procédés conventionnels. Pour parvenir à ce résultat, deux variantes de schémas de fabrication sont proposées.- a cross profile flatter than those obtained with conventional methods. To achieve this result, two variants of manufacturing schemes are proposed.
Selon la première variante, on effectue une unique étape de laminage à chaud de la bande, se terminant à une température supérieure à la température Ar3 de l'acier coulé, autrement dit dans le domaine austénitique. Ce laminage à chaud s'effectue avec un taux de réduction minimal de 20%, et préférentiellement ce taux est supérieur à 50%. Ce laminage à chaud a pour fonctions :According to the first variant, a single step of hot rolling of the strip is carried out, ending at a temperature higher than the temperature Ar 3 of the cast steel, in other words in the austenitic field. This hot rolling is carried out with a minimum reduction rate of 20%, and preferably this rate is greater than 50%. The functions of this hot rolling are:
- de refermer les porosités qui peuvent être présentes au coeur de la bande après sa coulée ;- to close the porosities which may be present at the heart of the strip after it has been poured;
- de « casser » la microstructure de solidification ;- to "break" the solidification microstructure;
- et d'améliorer l'état de surface de la bande en écrasant les reliefs qui peuvent être présents à la surface de la bande, en particulier lorsqu'on a utilisé lors de la coulée des cylindres présentant une relativement forte rugosité qui peut être avantageuse pour l'optimisation des transferts thermiques entre les cylindres et les peaux solidifiées.- And to improve the surface condition of the strip by crushing the reliefs which may be present on the surface of the strip, in particular when cylinders having a relatively high roughness which can be advantageous have been used during casting. for optimizing heat transfer between cylinders and solidified skins.
Cette unique étape de laminage à chaud peut être effectuée au moyen du passage de la bande dans une seule cage de laminoir. Elle peut aussi être effectuée de façon plus progressive en faisant passer la bande dans deux cages de laminoir ou plus. La première cage peut, par exemple, appliquer à la bande un taux de réduction seulement suffisant pour refermer les porosités, et la deuxième cage assure alors la majeure partie de la réduction d'épaisseur permettant de remplir les deux autres fonctions du laminage à chaud. L'essentiel est que le taux de réduction global provoqué par ce ou ces passages dans la ou les cages successives et la température de la bande après son passage dans la dernière cage se situent dans les gammes de valeurs prescrites.This single hot rolling step can be carried out by passing the strip through a single rolling stand. It can also be carried out more gradually by passing the strip through two or more rolling stands. The first cage can, for example, apply to the strip a reduction rate which is only sufficient to close the porosities, and the second cage then provides the major part of the reduction in thickness enabling the two other functions of hot rolling to be fulfilled. The main thing is that the overall reduction rate caused by this or these passages in the successive cage or cages and the temperature of the strip after its passage in the last cage are within the prescribed ranges of values.
Selon la seconde de ces variantes, le laminage à chaud s'effectue en deux étapes, séparées par un réchauffage, et éventuellement par un décalaminage. La première de ces étapes s'effectue soit dans le domaine austénitique, soit dans le domaine ferri tique de la bande coulée, avec un taux de réduction de 20 à 70%. Elle a des fonctions identiques à celles de l'étape unique de laminage à chaud de la première variante, et peut aussi être effectuée par le passage de la bande dans une ou plusieurs cages de laminoir successives. Préférentiellement, cette première étape de laminage a lieu dans le domaine ferritique lorsqu'on veut obtenir une épaisseur finale de la bande faible, car de moindres efforts sont nécessaires pour déformer la bande de manière régulière sur toute sa largeur que lorsque la bande est dans le domaine austénitique. Lorsqu'on réalise cette première étape de laminage à chaud en la répartissant sur plusieurs cages, il est cependant envisageable de débuter cette première étape dans le domaine austénitique, par exemple par un laminage relativement léger qui viserait principalement à refermer les porosités, et de la terminer dans le domaine ferritique où on réaliserait le restant de la réduction d'épaisseur. Après cette première étape de laminage à chaud, on laisse la bande se refroidir jusque dans le domaine ferritique si elle ne s'y trouve pas déjà (au besoin à l'aide d'un léger refroidissement forcé), puis on lui applique un traitement thermique de réchauffage qui la ramène dans le domaine austénitique, donc au-dessus de la température Ar3. On provoque ainsi un changement de phase supplémentaire dans la bande, ce qui a pour conséquence un affinement encore plus poussé des grains de la structure métallurgique. Puis on réalise la seconde étape de laminage à chaud, dans le domaine austénitique, avec un taux de réduction de 10 à 30%. Ce second laminage à chaud a pour fonction essentielle de corriger les défauts géométriques (mauvaise planeité, sabre...) que le premier laminage à chaud a pu provoquer. Le réchauffage intermédiaire peut être réalisé au moyen d'un inducteur que traverse la bande. Pour une bande d'épaisseur 0,75 mm et de largeur 850 mm défilant à une vitesse de 200 m/mn, une puissance de 1,04 MW est nécessaire si une élévation de température de 100°C est recherchée. En conséquence, si on utilise un inducteur à solénoïde en flux longitudinal fonctionnant à 500 kHz, dont le rendement est habituellement de l'ordre de 45%>, une longueur d'inducteur de 2 m environ (dont 1,5 m de zone utile) est adaptée à cet usage. Si la bande a une épaisseur plus faible, on peut utiliser la technologie de chauffage par induction sous flux transverse, décrite notamment dans le document « High flux induction for the fast heating of steel semi-product in Une with rolling » (Proceedings of the XIII International Congress on Electricity Applications, Birmingham, June 1996). Mais de manière générale, d'autres technologies plus conventionnelles, telles qu'un four à moufle sous atmosphère contrôlée, ou des tubes radiants, peuvent être utilisées pour assurer ce réchauffage.According to the second of these variants, hot rolling takes place in two stages, separated by reheating, and possibly by descaling. The first of these steps is carried out either in the austenitic domain, or in the ferri tic domain of the casting strip, with a reduction rate of 20 to 70%. It has functions identical to those of the single hot rolling step of the first variant, and can also be carried out by passing the strip through one or more successive rolling mill stands. Preferably, this first rolling step takes place in the ferritic field when it is desired to obtain a final thickness of the strip that is small, because less effort is required to deform the strip evenly over its entire width than when the strip is in the austenitic domain. When this first hot rolling step is carried out by distributing it over several cages, it is however possible to begin this first step in the austenitic field, for example by a relatively light rolling which would mainly aim at closing the porosities, and finish in the ferritic area where the rest of the thickness reduction would be carried out. After this first stage of hot rolling, the strip is allowed to cool down to the ferritic region if it is not already there (if necessary using a slight forced cooling), then a treatment is applied to it. thermal reheating which brings it back into the austenitic domain, therefore above the temperature Ar 3 . This causes an additional phase change in the strip, which results in an even further refinement of the grains of the metallurgical structure. Then the second stage of hot rolling is carried out, in the austenitic field, with a reduction rate of 10 to 30%. This second hot rolling has the essential function of correcting the geometric defects (bad planarity, saber ...) that the first hot rolling could have caused. Intermediate heating can be achieved by means of an inductor through which the strip passes. For a strip 0.75 mm thick and 850 mm wide running at a speed of 200 m / min, a power of 1.04 MW is necessary if a temperature rise of 100 ° C is sought. Consequently, if a longitudinal flux solenoid inductor operating at 500 kHz is used, the efficiency of which is usually of the order of 45%>, an inductor length of approximately 2 m (including 1.5 m of useful area ) is suitable for this purpose. If the strip has a smaller thickness, one can use the technology of induction heating under transverse flow, described in particular in the document "High flux induction for the fast heating of steel semi-product in Une with rolling" (Proceedings of the XIII International Congress on Electricity Applications, Birmingham, June 1996). However, in general, other more conventional technologies, such as a muffle furnace under controlled atmosphere, or radiant tubes, can be used to ensure this reheating.
Les deux variantes qui viennent d'être décrites ont donc pour point commun de se terminer par un laminage effectué sur la bande en phase austénitique, qui s'achève donc au- dessus de la température Ar3. Dans les deux cas, le procédé selon l'invention se poursuit par un refroidissement de la bande qui comporte une étape de refroidissement forcé à une vitesse de 80 à 400°C/s, préférentiellement 100 à 300°C/s. Ce refroidissement s'achève dans le domaine ferritique de l'acier coulé, et en général amène la bande à une température proche de sa température de bobinage. Il a pour but d'éviter une croissance trop importante de la taille des grains avant le bobinage et pendant le séjour de la bande sous forme de bobine. Cette température de bobinage est typiquement inférieure à 750°C. Pour les nuances calmées à l'aluminium, la température de bobinage peut être choisie aux environs de 550°C ou 600°C ou 700°C afin de favoriser plus ou moins la précipitation de nitrures d'aluminium.The two variants which have just been described therefore have the common point of ending with a rolling carried out on the strip in the austenitic phase, which therefore ends above the temperature Ar 3 . In both cases, the method according to the invention continues with cooling of the strip which includes a forced cooling step at a speed of 80 to 400 ° C / s, preferably 100 to 300 ° C / s. This cooling ends in the ferritic domain of cast steel, and in general brings the strip to a temperature close to its winding temperature. Its purpose is to avoid excessive growth in the size of the grains before winding and during the stay of the strip in the form of a reel. This winding temperature is typically less than 750 ° C. For the aluminum calmed grades, the winding temperature can be chosen around 550 ° C or 600 ° C or 700 ° C in order to favor more or less the precipitation of aluminum nitrides.
Il est important pour la fiabilité de l'obtention des propriétés recherchées pour la bande que ce refroidissement forcé s'effectue de manière homogène sur toute la largeur de la bande. On peut chiffrer à 10°C l'amplitude maximale souhaitable des différences de température d'un point à un autre de la largeur de la bande à un instant donné. Cette homogénéité est plus difficile à garantir si la vitesse de refroidissement est élevée, ce qui motive la recommandation d'une vitesse maximale de 400°C/s. Inversement, une vitesse minimale de 80°C/s assure que le refroidissement aura l'efficacité métallurgique souhaitée. De telles vitesses de refroidissement peuvent être obtenues, notamment, par projection d'eau au moyen de gicleurs à haute pression, ou par projection d'un mélange eau-air ou similaire (atomisation). Ce refroidissement forcé peut débuter juste après le laminage austénitique de la bande, mais il est conseillé de ne le débuter qu'après avoir laissé la bande se refroidir à faible vitesse (environ 10°C/s, ce qui est accessible par une simple exposition à l'air libre) et passer dans le domaine ferritique, donc en dessous de Ar3. De cette façon, on profite pleinement de affinement du grain lié au changement de phase austénite-ferrite, alors qu'un refroidissement rapide qui débuterait dans le domaine austénitique gênerait sensiblement l'homogénéité de la microstructure. Il est à noter cependant que le refroidissement accéléré ne doit pas débuter, de préférence, à une température inférieure à Ar3 - 10°C. De manière générale, l'utilisation d'un refroidissement rapide avant bobinage permet d'éviter la présence de gros grains en peau de la bande, qui sont particulièrement indésirables sur les aciers pour emballages. En effet, ceux-ci doivent avoir, après laminage à froid, une très grande homogénéité de leurs caractéristiques finales.It is important for the reliability of obtaining the desired properties for the strip that this forced cooling takes place homogeneously over the entire width of the strip. The maximum desirable amplitude of the temperature differences from one point to another of the bandwidth at a given time can be calculated at 10 ° C. This homogeneity is more difficult to guarantee if the cooling rate is high, which motivates the recommendation of a maximum speed of 400 ° C / s. Conversely, a minimum speed of 80 ° C / s ensures that the cooling will have the desired metallurgical efficiency. Such cooling rates can be obtained, in particular, by spraying water by means of high-pressure nozzles, or by spraying a water-air mixture or the like (atomization). This forced cooling can start immediately after the austenitic rolling of the strip, but it is advisable to start it only after having allowed the strip to cool at low speed (about 10 ° C / s, which is accessible by a simple exposure in the open air) and pass into the ferritic domain, therefore below Ar 3 . In this way, one takes full advantage of refinement of the grain linked to the austenite-ferrite phase change, while rapid cooling which would begin in the austenitic domain would substantially interfere with the homogeneity of the microstructure. It should be noted, however, that the accelerated cooling should preferably not start at a temperature below Ar 3 - 10 ° C. In general, the use of rapid cooling before winding avoids the presence of large grains in the skin of the strip, which are particularly undesirable on steels for packaging. Indeed, these must have, after cold rolling, a very high homogeneity of their final characteristics.
La bande bobinée puis débobinée subit ensuite un laminage à froid à un taux de réduction d'au moins 85%, de préférence plus de 90%>. Ce laminage à froid peut parfaitement être exécuté par simple réduction, c'est à dire en une seule étape, et non impérativement en deux étapes avec recuit intermédiaire comme c'était le cas dans le document JP 09-001207 déjà cité (laminage à froid à double réduction). On obtient des aptitudes à l'emboutissage comparables à celles obtenues par les procédés connus, et on a accès à des épaisseurs de bande plus faibles que les 0,09 mm des procédés connus sans pour autant devoir recourir à un laminage à froid à double réduction. Si on ne désire pas obtenir de bandes plus fines qu'habituellement, on peut obtenir les épaisseurs classiques avec de moindres taux de réduction lors du laminage à froid, ce qui est plus économique. Il est, bien entendu, possible de réaliser un laminage à froid de la bande en double réduction si on désire obtenir une épaisseur encore plus faible ou des caractéπstiques mécaniques plus élevéesThe strip wound and then unwound then undergoes cold rolling at a reduction rate of at least 85%, preferably more than 90%>. This cold rolling can perfectly be carried out by simple reduction, that is to say in a single stage, and not imperatively in two stages with intermediate annealing as was the case in the document JP 09-001207 already cited (cold rolling double reduction). Stamping capacities comparable to those obtained by known methods are obtained, and strip thicknesses less than 0.09 mm of known methods are available without having to resort to double reduction cold rolling. . If it is not desired to obtain thinner strips than usual, the conventional thicknesses can be obtained with lower reduction rates during cold rolling, which is more economical. It is, of course, possible to carry out a cold rolling of the strip in double reduction if one wishes to obtain an even smaller thickness or higher mechanical characteristics
A titre indicatif, on peut présenter le tableau 1 qui donne des exemples d'épaisseurs finales de la bande en fonction de son épaisseur initiale après coulée et des taux de laminage appliqués lors des étapes de laminage à chaud (en une ou deux étapes selon la variante choisie) et de laminage à froidAs an indication, we can present Table 1 which gives examples of final thicknesses of the strip as a function of its initial thickness after casting and of the rolling rates applied during the hot rolling steps (in one or two steps depending on the chosen variant) and cold rolling
Tableau 1 Epaisseur des bandes obtenues en fonction des divers paramètres de coulée et de laminageTable 1 Thickness of the strips obtained as a function of the various casting and rolling parameters
Après le laminage à froid, la bande subit le recuit (base ou continu) habituel destiné à lui conférer ses propπétés mécaniques Ce recuit peut être suivi, comme d'habitude, par un décapage, un revêtement et/ou un passage au skm-pass Les vitesses de sortie de la bande du laminoir à chaud étant de l'ordre de 250 m/mn ou moins, ces vitesses sont compatibles avec une mise sur une ligne unique de ce laminoir (donc de la ligne de coulée dans son ensemble) et d'une ou plusieurs des opérations de laminage à froid, de recuit et de traitement à froid des aciers pour emballage, dont le débit de métal est compatible avec celui du laminoir à chaud On peut citer comme exemples de telles opérations, outre le décapage et le skm-pass pouvant suivre le recuit, un laquage, un vernissage, un dépôt de polymère, par exemple par coextrusion, un dépôt sous vide par plasma ou bombardement électronique, un revêtement métallique par électrodéposition Si l'opération de laminage à froid a heu en ligne avec l'opération de coulée et de laminage à chaud, cela implique la suppression de l'étape de bobinage de la bandeAfter cold rolling, the strip undergoes the usual annealing (base or continuous) intended to give it its mechanical properties. This annealing can be followed, as usual, by pickling, coating and / or passing to the skm-pass. The exit speeds of the strip from the hot rolling mill being of the order of 250 m / min or less, these speeds are compatible with placing on a single line of this rolling mill (therefore of the casting line as a whole) and one or more of the cold rolling, annealing and cold treatment operations for steels for packaging, the metal throughput of which is compatible with that of the hot rolling mill. Examples of such operations may be cited, in addition to pickling and the skm-pass being able to follow the annealing, a lacquering, a varnishing, a polymer deposition, for example by coextrusion, a vacuum deposition by plasma or electron bombardment, a metallic coating by electrodeposition. cold to er in line with the operation of hot casting and rolling, this implies the elimination of the step of winding the strip
Si l'invention trouve un domaine d'application privilégié dans la fabπcation de bandes d'acier destinées à être embouties pour former des emballages pour boissons ou aliments en conserve, il va de soi qu'elle peut s'appliquer a la fabπcation de bandes d'acier destines a d'autres usages pour lesquels des qualités similaires seraient exigées pour les bandes produites If the invention finds a preferred field of application in the manufacture of steel strips intended to be stamped to form packaging for beverages or canned food, it goes without saying that it can be applied to the production of strips of steel intended for other uses for which similar qualities would be required for the bands produced

Claims

REVENDICATIONS
1) Procédé de fabrication de bandes d'acier au carbone, notamment d'acier pour emballages, selon lequel : - on coule sous forme d'une bande mince de 0,7 à 10 mm d'épaisseur, directement à partir de métal liquide, un acier ayant une composition adaptée à une utilisation comme acier pour emballage ;1) Process for manufacturing strips of carbon steel, in particular steel for packaging, according to which: - it is poured in the form of a thin strip 0.7 to 10 mm thick, directly from liquid metal , a steel having a composition suitable for use as a steel for packaging;
- on effectue une opération de laminage à chaud en ligne de ladite bande, se terminant dans le domaine austénitique dudit acier ; - on effectue un refroidissement forcé de ladite bande à une vitesse de 80 à- An online hot rolling operation of said strip is carried out, ending in the austenitic domain of said steel; - Forced cooling of said strip is carried out at a speed of 80 to
400°C/s se terminant dans le domaine ferritique dudit acier ;400 ° C / s ending in the ferritic range of said steel;
- on effectue un laminage à froid de ladite bande à un taux de réduction de 85 > au moins ;- Cold rolling of said strip is carried out at a reduction rate of 85> at least;
- et on effectue un recuit de ladite bande. 2) Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que ladite bande est coulée entre deux cylindres horizontaux mis en rotation en sens inverses refroidis intérieurement. 3) Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite opération de laminage à chaud est effectuée en une étape unique avec un taux de réduction d'au moins- And annealing said strip is carried out. 2) Method according to claim 1, characterized in that said strip is cast between two horizontal cylinders rotated in opposite directions internally cooled. 3) Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said hot rolling operation is carried out in a single step with a reduction rate of at least
20%. 4) Procédé selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que ladite opération de laminage à chaud est effectuée en une étape unique avec un taux de réduction d'au moins20%. 4) Method according to claim 3, characterized in that said hot rolling operation is carried out in a single step with a reduction rate of at least
50%.50%.
5) Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que ladite opération de laminage à chaud est effectuée en deux étapes, en ce que la première de ces étapes est effectuée avec un taux de réduction de 20 à 70%, en ce qu'après cette première étape, on réchauffe la bande de manière à la faire passer du domaine ferritique dans le domaine austénitique dudit acier, et en ce qu'on effectue ensuite la seconde étape de laminage avec un taux de réduction de 10 à 30%o, celle-ci se terminant dans le domaine austénitique dudit acier. 6) Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que ladite première étape est effectuée entièrement dans le domaine ferritique dudit acier.5) Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said hot rolling operation is carried out in two stages, in that the first of these stages is carried out with a reduction rate of 20 to 70%, in that after this first step, the strip is heated so as to pass it from the ferritic domain into the austenitic domain of said steel, and in that the second rolling step is then carried out with a reduction rate of 10 to 30% o , the latter ending in the austenitic range of said steel. 6) Method according to claim 5, characterized in that said first step is carried out entirely in the ferritic area of said steel.
7) Procédé selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que ladite première étape est effectuée pour partie dans le domaine austénitique et pour partie dans le domaine ferritique dudit acier. 8) Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'après sa coulée, on fait traverser à la bande une zone où elle est soumise à un environnement non oxydant.7) Method according to claim 5, characterized in that said first step is carried out partly in the austenitic domain and partly in the ferritic domain of said steel. 8) Method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that after its casting, the band is made to cross an area where it is subjected to a non-oxidizing environment.
9) Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'avant et/ou pendant le laminage à chaud on soumet la bande à une opération de décalaminage. 10) Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce que ledit refroidissement forcé est effectué à une vitesse de 100 à 300°C/s.9) Method according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that before and / or during hot rolling the strip is subjected to a descaling operation. 10) Method according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said forced cooling is carried out at a speed of 100 to 300 ° C / s.
11) Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que ledit refroidissement forcé débute lorsque la bande se trouve dans le domaine ferritique dudit acier.11) Method according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that said forced cooling begins when the strip is in the ferritic region of said steel.
12) Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la bande est bobinée à une température inférieure à 750°C entre le refroidissement forcé et le laminage à froid.12) Method according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the strip is wound at a temperature below 750 ° C between forced cooling and cold rolling.
13) Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 12, caractérisé en ce que le taux de réduction du laminage à froid est d'au moins 85%.13) Method according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the reduction rate of the cold rolling is at least 85%.
14) Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 13, caractérisé en ce que ledit laminage à froid est effectué en une seule étape.14) Method according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that said cold rolling is carried out in a single step.
15) Bande d'acier au carbone, notamment d'acier pour emballages, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est susceptible d'être obtenue par le procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 14.15) A strip of carbon steel, in particular steel for packaging, characterized in that it is capable of being obtained by the method according to one of claims 1 to 14.
16) Bande d'acier au carbone selon la revendication 15, caractérisée en ce que l'acier a pour composition en pourcentages pondéraux C < 0,15%o ; Mn < 0,6% ; P < 0,025% ; S < 0,05% ; Al < 0,12% ; N < 0,04%, le reste étant du fer, des impuretés résultant de l'élaboration, et éventuellement des éléments d'alliage n'empêchant pas l'utilisation de ladite bande pour fabriquer des aciers pour emballages. 16) Carbon steel strip according to claim 15, characterized in that the steel has the composition in weight percent C <0.15% o; Mn <0.6%; P <0.025%; S <0.05%; Al <0.12%; N <0.04%, the remainder being iron, impurities resulting from production, and possibly alloying elements which do not prevent the use of said strip for manufacturing steels for packaging.
EP00964323A 1999-09-24 2000-09-20 Method for making carbon steel bands, in particular packaging steel bands Revoked EP1228254B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9911925A FR2798871B1 (en) 1999-09-24 1999-09-24 PROCESS FOR PRODUCING CARBON STEEL STRIPS, ESPECIALLY STEEL FOR PACKAGING, AND STRIPS THUS PRODUCED
FR9911925 1999-09-24
PCT/FR2000/002597 WO2001021844A1 (en) 1999-09-24 2000-09-20 Method for making carbon steel bands, in particular packaging steel bands, and resulting bands

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EP1228254A1 true EP1228254A1 (en) 2002-08-07
EP1228254B1 EP1228254B1 (en) 2004-09-22

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EP (1) EP1228254B1 (en)
JP (1) JP4620310B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1128889C (en)
AT (1) ATE277202T1 (en)
BR (1) BR0014195A (en)
CA (1) CA2385685C (en)
DE (1) DE60014145T2 (en)
ES (1) ES2225221T3 (en)
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WO (1) WO2001021844A1 (en)

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JP4620310B2 (en) 2011-01-26
CA2385685C (en) 2011-05-31
FR2798871A1 (en) 2001-03-30
EP1228254B1 (en) 2004-09-22
JP2003510186A (en) 2003-03-18
DE60014145T2 (en) 2005-10-13
CA2385685A1 (en) 2001-03-29
US6852180B1 (en) 2005-02-08
CN1376209A (en) 2002-10-23
WO2001021844A1 (en) 2001-03-29
CN1128889C (en) 2003-11-26
ES2225221T3 (en) 2005-03-16
BR0014195A (en) 2002-05-21
FR2798871B1 (en) 2001-11-02
DE60014145D1 (en) 2004-10-28
ATE277202T1 (en) 2004-10-15

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