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EP1221358A2 - Nozzle for concentrated diffusion of a fluid containing solid particles, especially for fine and precise cleaning and inspection of surfaces - Google Patents

Nozzle for concentrated diffusion of a fluid containing solid particles, especially for fine and precise cleaning and inspection of surfaces Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1221358A2
EP1221358A2 EP01403321A EP01403321A EP1221358A2 EP 1221358 A2 EP1221358 A2 EP 1221358A2 EP 01403321 A EP01403321 A EP 01403321A EP 01403321 A EP01403321 A EP 01403321A EP 1221358 A2 EP1221358 A2 EP 1221358A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
section
nozzle according
oblong
edges
neck
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01403321A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1221358B1 (en
EP1221358A3 (en
Inventor
Yvon George Jean-Pierre Jaubertie
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Workinter Ltd
Original Assignee
Workinter Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Workinter Ltd filed Critical Workinter Ltd
Publication of EP1221358A2 publication Critical patent/EP1221358A2/en
Publication of EP1221358A3 publication Critical patent/EP1221358A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1221358B1 publication Critical patent/EP1221358B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
    • B24C—ABRASIVE OR RELATED BLASTING WITH PARTICULATE MATERIAL
    • B24C5/00—Devices or accessories for generating abrasive blasts
    • B24C5/02—Blast guns, e.g. for generating high velocity abrasive fluid jets for cutting materials
    • B24C5/04—Nozzles therefor

Definitions

  • the printing cylinders which have a very engraved surface finely and which contain very small cells or holes which become charged with ink and small impurities which require scrupulous cleaning which must both be complete and leave the printing surface intact.
  • the present invention makes it possible to create a media stream without irregular margins, which which allows to juxtapose the successive stripped strips in a rigorous way, without no risk of irregularities and accidental attack of a desired layer preserve in its complete integrity.
  • Figure 1 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of a nozzle according to the invention.
  • Figures 2, 3 and 4 are schematic cross-sectional views of the nozzle of the Figure 1, each arranged vertically from where it is located.
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of the same nozzle, made at 90 ° from the section in Figure 1.
  • Figures 6, 7 and 8 are schematic cross-sectional views of the nozzle of the Figure 5, each arranged vertically from where it is located.
  • FIG. 9 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of a nozzle conforming to the invention, according to a particular embodiment.
  • Figures 10, 11 and 12 are schematic cross-sectional views of the nozzle in Figure 9, each arranged vertically from where it is located.
  • FIG. 13 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of the same nozzle, made at 90 ° to the section in Figure 9.
  • Figures 14, 15 and 16 are schematic cross-sectional views of the nozzle of Figure 13, each arranged vertically from where it is located.
  • Figures 17, 19 and 21 show, in cross section of the nozzle, three variants of shape of the oblong neck.
  • Figures 18, 20 and 22 show three variants of the shape of the outlet each corresponding to the shape of the oblong neck shown opposite, i.e. neck of Figure 17 and outlet of Figure 18, neck of Figure 19 and port of outlet of figure 20, neck of figure 21 and outlet orifice of figure 22.
  • the nozzle is formed by a body 1 crossed by a longitudinal tubular passage, one of which east end constitutes an inlet 2 to be connected to a pipe supply (not shown) to conduct media to input 2 according to the arrow F1, media composed of solid particles in gaseous medium, in particular of the air.
  • an outlet 3 through which the media is projected according to arrows F2 on a surface in order to strip it with one or more layers that she wears.
  • the section of passage 1 between inlet 2 and outlet 3 is variable, and the body 1 is externally formed from two segments which are a cylindrical segment 4 from the inlet 2 and a flattened spout 5 connected to the cylindrical segment 4.
  • passage 1 has three parts which are successively: a inlet chamber 11 with constant circular section over the entire length of said chamber 11, an intermediate duct 12 with continuously variable section, its walls being convergent from the chamber 11 to an oblong neck 13, having so a minor axis and a major axis, but whose area is equal to that of chamber 11, and finally an outlet tube 14 with oblong section with continuously variable section, is walls being divergent from the neck 13 to the outlet 3, constituted by the end of the spout 5, and forming an outlet orifice 15 which has an oblong section of shape different from that of the neck 13, the shapes of the neck 13 and the outlet orifice 15 being both coordinates so that, while having equal areas, the media flow is projected in a homogeneous and precise manner, without undergoing parasitic wall effects which are the cause of irregular margins.
  • the oblong section of the neck 13 has a very simple shape, since it has two parallel rectilinear edges 21 and 22 connected by leaves 23 and 24.
  • the spacing of the straight edges 21 and 22 is constant and the flow of media is uniformly flat.
  • the passage section of the outlet orifice 15 is coordinated with that of the collar 13 to rectify this defect.
  • the passage section of the orifice 15 has a part central unit with two parallel rectilinear edges 25 and 26 connected not by fillets but along arcs 27 and 28 of larger diameter, creating two lateral channels longitudinal 29.
  • the spacing of the straight edges 25 and 26 is smaller than that of the edges 21 and 22, the total area of the two channels 29 being correspondingly larger so that the section of the entire outlet orifice has an area equal to that of the neck 13.
  • the outlet jet is formed according to a flattened brush in which the energy is also distributed, whether the nozzle is actuated manually or mechanically by a slave device.
  • FIGS. 9 to 16 we see another embodiment of the nozzle according to the invention.
  • the same elements bear the same references as in FIGS. 1 to 8.
  • chamber 11 there are two oblique plungers 31 and 32 which "disturb" the random input stream in order to homogenize it and concentrate it to prepare it for approach the neck with oblong section.
  • the solid particles of the flux are charged with static electricity by the fact of their friction against the walls of the supply line and against nozzle walls, which is very annoying because the particles are attracted to the surface by pickling course and part of it sticks to it, so you have to proceed to a finish consisting of cleaning the pickled surface, meticulous work, painful and long.
  • this drawback is remedied by providing oblique passages 33 and 34 which pass through the wall of the spout 5 and to which conduits are connected (not shown) from an ionized air source.
  • This air is compressed and injected at high speed, or even supersonic speed, depending on the arrows F3, in the medium which circulates in the spout 5.
  • a pipe (not shown) supplies the air ducts and contains a crown of known type (not shown) producing discharges in the air electrics which cause its ionization so that it contains as many ions negative than positive ions.
  • the air circulating in this pipe is advantageously conditioned to be slightly damp.
  • the nozzle according to the invention equipped with ionized air injectors provides great job security because the introduction of this air cannot cause no electric shock and therefore does not create hazardous conditions of inflammation of the media because there is no creation of a potential difference, therefore no existence of an electric current and no rise in potential of the surfaces to stripped.
  • the nozzle is moved in translation in the direction of its longitudinal axis, at a distance and at an angle of attack which depend of the substrate to be removed and the desired result.
  • the section of the outlet must have dimensions and a shape coordinated with those of the collar 40, and we see on Figures 10 and 14 that the outlet 41 has a passage section whose shape could be defined as a "counter-ellipse", that is to say that the section of passage of the orifice 41 is constituted by two curved longitudinal edges 42 and 43 opposite by their convexity and connected by widened curves 44 and 45 which create the longitudinal side channels 29, so that the central part of the orifice 41 is narrower than the lateral parts, it being recalled that the total area of the orifice 41 is equal to that of pass 40.
  • a passage section whose shape could be defined as a "counter-ellipse"
  • the section of passage of the orifice 41 is constituted by two curved longitudinal edges 42 and 43 opposite by their convexity and connected by widened curves 44 and 45 which create the longitudinal side channels 29, so that the central part of the orifice 41 is narrower than the lateral parts, it being recalled that the total area of the orifice
  • curves 44 and 45 do not continuously connect edges 42 and 43, in an arc of circle for example, but are in a broken arc and create an edge at their intersection 46 and 47 respectively, which creates a precise boundary at the edges of the media stream exiting through port 3.
  • the combined shapes of the neck 40 and the outlet orifice 3 again allow distribute the energy of the flow evenly, favoring the speed of the particles in the central zone of the nozzle 5 and the flow on its two short sides.
  • FIG. 19 shows an oblong neck 50 which also has rectilinear edges, as in figure 17, but each of them is formed by two segments 51-52 and 53-54 angularly offset to have a variable spacing from a minimum on sides to a maximum in the central area.
  • an outlet port of opposite shape namely that it has two straight edges each formed by two segments 55-56 and 57-58 offset angularly in reverse segments 51-52 and 53-54 whose spacing varies from a maximum on the sides up to a minimum in the central area.
  • FIG. 21 shows the neck 40 of FIG. 15 and in FIG. 22 the orifice of output from figure 14.
  • the collar can have different shapes, from that of Figure 17 to straight and parallel edges, up to the perfectly geometric elliptical shape of Figure 21.
  • outlet orifices having a shape coordinated with that of the corresponding neck, this shape can also be produced in different variants, it being recalled that the area of the passage section of the outlet orifice must be equal to that of the neck.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Nozzles (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Cleaning By Liquid Or Steam (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Glanulating (AREA)
  • Medicinal Preparation (AREA)

Abstract

A tubular passage of a nozzle has an inlet chamber (11) with a constant circular cross-section, an intermediate conduit (12) of continuously varying cross section which converges to an oblong shaped neck, and an outlet tube (14) with varying cross-section which diverges towards outlet (3) from neck.

Description

Il existe une multitude de sortes de surfaces à décaper, dont certaines sont relativement grossières et des procédés rustiques bien connus depuis de nombreuses années sont alors suffisantes.There are a multitude of kinds of surfaces to be stripped, some of which are relatively coarse and rustic processes well known for many years are then sufficient.

D'autres surfaces, au contraire, nécessitent des soins particuliers et pour celles-là on ne peut plus se contenter de projeter des matériaux irréguliers, ou très durs, ou très agressifs, ou très salissants.Other surfaces, on the contrary, require special care and for these we can no longer be content to project irregular materials, or very hard, or very aggressive, or very messy.

A titre d'exemple, on peut citer la peau du corps humain que l'on traite à des fins thérapeutiques ou esthétiques pour en retirer la fine partie extérieure. On peut également citer la surface d'oeuvres d'art : toiles peintes, plans et dessins, manuscrits et parchemins, fresques, sculptures en bois ou en minéraux, peintes ou dorées, vitraux, porcelaines, faïences, orfèvrerie, etc., ainsi que les façades de bâtiments, notamment pour en retirer des dépôts, patines et marques du temps, souillures ou graffitis.By way of example, mention may be made of the skin of the human body which is treated for purposes therapeutic or aesthetic to remove the thin outer part. We can also mention the surface of works of art: painted canvases, plans and drawings, manuscripts and parchments, frescoes, wood or mineral sculptures, painted or gilded, stained glass, porcelain, earthenware, silverware, etc., as well as the facades of buildings, in particular to remove deposits, patinas and marks of time, stains or graffiti.

Un domaine très différent est celui de l'industrie où l'on trouve une multitude de cas qui nécessitent un décapage, notamment à des fins de remise en état et de nettoyage.A very different field is that of industry where there are a multitude of cases which require stripping, in particular for the purpose of reconditioning and cleaning.

A titre d'exemple, les cylindres d'impression qui présentent une surface gravée très finement et qui comportent de très petits alvéoles ou pertuis qui se chargent d'encre et de petites impuretés qui nécessitent un nettoyage scrupuleux qui doit à la fois être complet et laisser intacte la surface d'impression.For example, the printing cylinders which have a very engraved surface finely and which contain very small cells or holes which become charged with ink and small impurities which require scrupulous cleaning which must both be complete and leave the printing surface intact.

On peut également citer les structures d'avions, les carrosseries de voitures de compétition et plus généralement toute structure fragile ou délicate qui est revêtue d'une ou plusieurs couches de produits qu'il faut pouvoir retirer ultérieurement, en totalité ou couche par couche, cette dernière condition supposant que l'on puisse retirer une couche sans aucunement entamer celle qui se trouve immédiatement sous la précédente.We can also cite aircraft structures, car bodies competition and more generally any fragile or delicate structure that is coated one or more layers of products that must be able to be removed later, whole or layer by layer, the latter condition assuming that we can remove a layer without in any way starting the one immediately below the previous.

On connaít un média projetable qui se prête particulièrement bien au décapage de surfaces délicates, à savoir un polymère amylacé issu du blé et qui fait l'objet du brevet des Etats Unis d'Amérique No 5 066 335. We know a projectable medium that lends itself particularly well to the stripping of delicate surfaces, namely a starchy polymer derived from wheat and which is the subject of U.S. Patent No. 5,066,335.

Ce média est projeté avec des buses standard qui présentent l'inconvénient de créer un flux de sortie peu précis, de sorte qu'en procédant au décapage d'une grande surface par bandes parallèles successives et juxtaposées, chaque bande a une zone centrale entièrement décapée et des marges irrégulières qui obligent à créer la bande adjacente en recouvrement partiel de la marge voisine créée précédemment, ce qui empêche de garantir une réelle précision puisque la partie latérale du flux de média complémentaire peut provoquer certes le décapage des points manqués mais aussi un décapage supplémentaire en profondeur des points déjà décapés, d'où peut résulter une attaque de la couche inférieure.This medium is projected with standard nozzles which have the disadvantage of creating a imprecise output flow, so that when pickling a large area by successive parallel bands and juxtaposed, each band has a central area fully stripped and irregular margins which force the creation of the adjacent strip partially overlapping the neighboring margin previously created, which prevents guarantee real precision since the lateral part of the media flow additional can certainly cause the stripping of missed points but also a additional deep stripping of the already stripped points, which may result an attack on the lower layer.

La présente invention permet de créer un flux de média sans marges irrégulières, ce qui permet de juxtaposer les bandes décapées successives de manière rigoureuse, sans aucun risque d'irrégularités et d'attaque accidentelle d'une couche que l'on souhaite préserver dans son intégrité complète.The present invention makes it possible to create a media stream without irregular margins, which which allows to juxtapose the successive stripped strips in a rigorous way, without no risk of irregularities and accidental attack of a desired layer preserve in its complete integrity.

A cette fin, l'invention a pour objet une buse pour la projection sur un objet d'un média formé par fluide tel qu'un flux gazeux contenant des particules solides, comprenant un corps traversé d'un passage tubulaire longitudinal dont une extrémité constitue une entrée devant être raccordée à l'arrivée d'une conduite d'alimentation en fluide et dont l'autre extrémité constitue une sortie du fluide ayant traversé la buse, caractérisée en ce que la section du passage tubulaire est variable entre l'entrée et la sortie, à savoir que ledit passage présente trois parties successives qui sont :

  • une chambre d'entrée à section constante,
  • un conduit intermédiaire à section variable dont les parois sont convergentes depuis la chambre jusqu'à un col oblong qui a un grand axe et un petit axe et dont l'aire est égale à celle de la section circulaire de la chambre,
  • un tube de sortie à section oblongue et variable dont les parois sont divergentes depuis le col jusqu'à un orifice de sortie de section oblongue ayant un grand axe et un petit axe.
To this end, the subject of the invention is a nozzle for the projection onto an object of a medium formed by fluid such as a gas flow containing solid particles, comprising a body traversed by a longitudinal tubular passage, one end of which constitutes an inlet to be connected to the inlet of a fluid supply pipe and the other end of which constitutes an outlet for the fluid having passed through the nozzle, characterized in that the cross section of the tubular passage is variable between the inlet and the exit, namely that said passage has three successive parts which are:
  • a constant section entrance chamber,
  • an intermediate duct with variable section whose walls converge from the chamber to an oblong neck which has a large axis and a minor axis and whose area is equal to that of the circular section of the chamber,
  • an outlet tube of oblong and variable section whose walls are divergent from the neck to an outlet of oblong section having a large axis and a minor axis.

Selon d'autres caractéristiques de l'invention :

  • Figure 00020001
    la chambre d'entrée a une section circulaire ;
  • le col oblong présente deux bords rectilignes et parallèles à son grand axe ;
  • le col oblong présente deux bords dont l'écartement est plus grand dans la zone centrale que sur les côtés du col ;
  • chacun des deux bords est formé d'au moins deux segments rectilignes ;
  • les deux bords sont courbes et réunis l'un à l'autre par des congés de raccordement latéraux ;
  • le col oblong a une section elliptique ;
  • la section oblongue du tube de sortie présente deux bords rectilignes et parallèles à son grand axe ;
  • la section oblongue du tube de sortie présente deux bords dont l'écartement est plus grand dans la zone centrale que sur les côtés du tube ;
  • chacun des deux bords est formé d'au moins deux segments rectilignes ;
  • les deux bords sont courbés et réunis l'un à l'autre par des congés de raccordement latéraux ;
  • la section oblongue du tube de sortie présente deux bords dont l'écartement est plus grand sur ses côtés que dans sa zone centrale ;
  • le col ayant une section elliptique, la section oblongue du tube de sortie présente deux bords de même courbure que ceux de l'ellipse mais opposés par leur convexité et réunis l'un à l'autre par des congés de raccordement latéraux ;
  • la section oblongue du tube est agrandie latéralement par deux canaux longitudinaux ;
  • la chambre d'entrée contient des éléments en relief constituant des concentrateurs de flux ;
  • le tube de sortie est déterminé par une paroi étanche qui est traversée par au moins un passage destiné à être relié à une source de gaz contenant des particules ionisées et débouchant obliquement dans ledit tube, d'amont en aval en considérant le sens de déplacement du fluide ;
  • la source de gaz est associée à un dispositif de mise en mouvement à grande vitesse ;
  • le dispositif de mise en mouvement du gaz est conçu pour imprimer à ce dernier une vitesse supérieure à celle du son ;
  • le gaz contient deux fractions sensiblement égales de particules ionisées de polarités inverses ;
  • le gaz est de l'air légèrement humide.
    • According to other characteristics of the invention:
  • Figure 00020001
    the entrance chamber has a circular section;
  • the oblong neck has two straight edges parallel to its long axis;
  • the oblong neck has two edges whose spacing is greater in the central zone than on the sides of the neck;
  • each of the two edges is formed of at least two rectilinear segments;
  • the two edges are curved and joined to each other by lateral connection fillets;
  • the oblong neck has an elliptical section;
  • the oblong section of the outlet tube has two straight edges parallel to its major axis;
  • the oblong section of the outlet tube has two edges whose spacing is greater in the central zone than on the sides of the tube;
  • each of the two edges is formed of at least two rectilinear segments;
  • the two edges are curved and joined to each other by lateral connection fillets;
  • the oblong section of the outlet tube has two edges whose spacing is greater on its sides than in its central area;
  • the neck having an elliptical section, the oblong section of the outlet tube has two edges of the same curvature as those of the ellipse but opposite by their convexity and joined to each other by lateral connecting fillets;
  • the oblong section of the tube is enlarged laterally by two longitudinal channels;
  • the entry chamber contains elements in relief constituting flux concentrators;
  • the outlet tube is determined by a sealed wall which is crossed by at least one passage intended to be connected to a source of gas containing ionized particles and opening obliquely into said tube, from upstream to downstream considering the direction of movement of the fluid;
  • the gas source is associated with a high speed movement device;
  • the device for moving the gas is designed to impart to the latter a speed greater than that of sound;
  • the gas contains two substantially equal fractions of ionized particles of opposite polarities;
  • the gas is slightly humid air.

    • D'autres caractéristiques de l'invention ressortiront de la description détaillée ci-après faite en référence au dessin annexé. Bien entendu, la description et le dessin ne sont donnés qu'à titre d'exemple indicatif et non limitatif.Other characteristics of the invention will emerge from the detailed description below made with reference to the accompanying drawing. Of course, the description and the drawing are not given as an indicative and non-limiting example.

    La figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe longitudinale d'une buse conforme à l'invention.Figure 1 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of a nozzle according to the invention.

    Les figures 2, 3 et 4 sont des vues schématiques en coupe transversale de la buse de la figure 1, disposées chacune à l'aplomb de l'endroit où elle se situe.Figures 2, 3 and 4 are schematic cross-sectional views of the nozzle of the Figure 1, each arranged vertically from where it is located.

    La figure 5 est une vue schématique en coupe longitudinale de la même buse, pratiquée à 90° de la coupe de la figure 1.FIG. 5 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of the same nozzle, made at 90 ° from the section in Figure 1.

    Les figures 6, 7 et 8 sont des vues schématiques en coupe transversale de la buse de la figure 5, disposées chacune à l'aplomb de l'endroit où elle se situe.Figures 6, 7 and 8 are schematic cross-sectional views of the nozzle of the Figure 5, each arranged vertically from where it is located.

    La figure 9 est une vue schématique en coupe longitudinale d'une buse conforme à l'invention, selon un mode de réalisation particulier.FIG. 9 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of a nozzle conforming to the invention, according to a particular embodiment.

    Les figures 10, 11 et 12 sont des vues schématiques en coupe transversale de la buse de la figure 9, disposées chacune à l'aplomb de l'endroit où elle se situe.Figures 10, 11 and 12 are schematic cross-sectional views of the nozzle in Figure 9, each arranged vertically from where it is located.

    La figure 13 est une vue schématique en coupe longitudinale de la même buse, pratiquée à 90° de la coupe de la figure 9.FIG. 13 is a schematic view in longitudinal section of the same nozzle, made at 90 ° to the section in Figure 9.

    Les figures 14, 15 et 16 sont des vues schématiques en coupe transversale de la buse de la figure 13, disposées chacune à l'aplomb de l'endroit où elle se situe.Figures 14, 15 and 16 are schematic cross-sectional views of the nozzle of Figure 13, each arranged vertically from where it is located.

    Les figures 17, 19 et 21 montrent, en coupe transversale de la buse, trois variantes de forme du col oblong.Figures 17, 19 and 21 show, in cross section of the nozzle, three variants of shape of the oblong neck.

    Les figures 18, 20 et 22 montrent trois variantes de forme de l'orifice de sortie correspondant chacune à la forme du col oblong représentée en regard, c'est-à-dire col de la figure 17 et orifice de sortie de la figure 18, col de la figure 19 et orifice de sortie de la figure 20, col de la figure 21 et orifice de sortie de la figure 22.Figures 18, 20 and 22 show three variants of the shape of the outlet each corresponding to the shape of the oblong neck shown opposite, i.e. neck of Figure 17 and outlet of Figure 18, neck of Figure 19 and port of outlet of figure 20, neck of figure 21 and outlet orifice of figure 22.

    En se reportant aux figures 1 à 8, on voit une buse conforme à l'invention représentée en une seule pièce, étant précisé qu'elle pourrait aussi être obtenue par assemblage de plusieurs tronçons, notamment pour faciliter l'usinage d'un passage interne axial dont la section est variable, comme on va le décrire maintenant. Referring to Figures 1 to 8, we see a nozzle according to the invention shown in one piece, it being specified that it could also be obtained by assembling several sections, in particular to facilitate the machining of an internal axial passage, of which the section is variable, as we will describe now.

    La buse est formée d'un corps 1 traversé d'un passage tubulaire longitudinal dont une extrémité est constitue une entrée 2 devant être raccordée à une conduite d'alimentation (non représentée) pour conduire un média jusqu'à l'entrée 2 selon la flèche F1, média composé de particules solides en milieu gazeux, en particulier de l'air.The nozzle is formed by a body 1 crossed by a longitudinal tubular passage, one of which east end constitutes an inlet 2 to be connected to a pipe supply (not shown) to conduct media to input 2 according to the arrow F1, media composed of solid particles in gaseous medium, in particular of the air.

    A l'autre extrémité du corps 1, se trouve une sortie 3 par laquelle le média est projeté selon les flèches F2 sur une surface afin de la décaper d'une ou plusieurs couches qu'elle porte.At the other end of the body 1 is an outlet 3 through which the media is projected according to arrows F2 on a surface in order to strip it with one or more layers that she wears.

    La section du passage 1 entre l'entrée 2 et la sortie 3 est variable, et le corps 1 est extérieurement formé de deux segments qui sont un segment cylindrique 4 à partir de l'entrée 2 et un bec aplati 5 raccordé au segment cylindrique 4.The section of passage 1 between inlet 2 and outlet 3 is variable, and the body 1 is externally formed from two segments which are a cylindrical segment 4 from the inlet 2 and a flattened spout 5 connected to the cylindrical segment 4.

    Intérieurement, le passage 1 présente trois parties qui sont successivement : une chambre d'entrée 11 à section circulaire constant sur toute la longueur de ladite chambre 11, un conduit intermédiaire 12 à section variable continûment, ses parois étant convergentes depuis la chambre 11 jusqu'à un col de forme oblongue 13, ayant donc un petit axe et un grand axe, mais dont l'aire est égale à celle de la chambre 11, et enfin un tube de sortie 14 à section oblongue à section variable continûment, se parois étant divergentes depuis le col 13 jusqu'à la sortie 3, constituée par l'extrémité du bec 5, et formant un orifice de sortie 15 qui a une section oblongue de forme différente de celle du col 13, les formes du col 13 et de l'orifice de sortie 15 étant toutes deux coordonnées pour que, tout en ayant des aires égales, le flux de média soit projeté de manière homogène et précise, sans subir des effets de paroi parasites qui sont la cause de marges irrégulières.Internally, passage 1 has three parts which are successively: a inlet chamber 11 with constant circular section over the entire length of said chamber 11, an intermediate duct 12 with continuously variable section, its walls being convergent from the chamber 11 to an oblong neck 13, having so a minor axis and a major axis, but whose area is equal to that of chamber 11, and finally an outlet tube 14 with oblong section with continuously variable section, is walls being divergent from the neck 13 to the outlet 3, constituted by the end of the spout 5, and forming an outlet orifice 15 which has an oblong section of shape different from that of the neck 13, the shapes of the neck 13 and the outlet orifice 15 being both coordinates so that, while having equal areas, the media flow is projected in a homogeneous and precise manner, without undergoing parasitic wall effects which are the cause of irregular margins.

    Sur la figure 3, on voit que la section oblongue du col 13 a une forme très simple, puisqu'elle présente deux bords rectilignes parallèles 21 et 22 raccordés par des congés 23 et 24. L'écartement des bords rectilignes 21 et 22 est constant et le flux de média est uniformément plat.In FIG. 3, it can be seen that the oblong section of the neck 13 has a very simple shape, since it has two parallel rectilinear edges 21 and 22 connected by leaves 23 and 24. The spacing of the straight edges 21 and 22 is constant and the flow of media is uniformly flat.

    Il en résulte que le débit et la vitesse du flux doivent théoriquement être constants selon toute la section de passage, alors que dans la réalité il n'en est rien à cause des effets de paroi qui ralentissent les particules périphériques par rapport à la vitesse des particules situées dans la zone centrale, ce qui s'avère être très défavorable à l'obtention de bandes décapées à bords francs. As a result, the flow rate and speed must theoretically be constant according to the entire passage section, while in reality it is not because of the wall effects that slow down peripheral particles relative to the speed of particles located in the central area, which turns out to be very unfavorable to obtaining pickled strips with clean edges.

    Conformément à l'invention, la section de passage de l'orifice de sortie 15 est coordonnée à celle du col 13 pour rectifier ce défaut.According to the invention, the passage section of the outlet orifice 15 is coordinated with that of the collar 13 to rectify this defect.

    Sur la figure 2, on voit que la section de passage de l'orifice 15 présente une partie centrale à deux bords rectilignes parallèles 25 et 26 raccordés non par des congés mais selon des arcs de cercle 27 et 28 de plus grand diamètre, créant deux canaux latéraux longitudinaux 29.In FIG. 2, it can be seen that the passage section of the orifice 15 has a part central unit with two parallel rectilinear edges 25 and 26 connected not by fillets but along arcs 27 and 28 of larger diameter, creating two lateral channels longitudinal 29.

    L'écartement des bords rectilignes 25 et 26 est plus petit que celui de bords 21 et 22, l'aire totale des deux canaux 29 étant corrélativement plus grande afin que la section de passage d'ensemble de l'orifice de sortie ait une aire égale à celle du col 13.The spacing of the straight edges 25 and 26 is smaller than that of the edges 21 and 22, the total area of the two channels 29 being correspondingly larger so that the section of the entire outlet orifice has an area equal to that of the neck 13.

    L'égalité des sections de passage de la chambre 11, du col 13 et de l'orifice de sortie 15 garantit un débit constant entre l'entrée 2 et la sortie 3 mais les différentes formes que présente le passage central depuis la sortie de la chambre 11 jusqu'à l'orifice 15, donnent au flux de média un écoulement diphasique selon une énergie homogène sur toute la section de passage de l'orifice de sortie grâce à une répartition rationnelle des formes compensant les effets de paroi et homogénéisant le flux.The equality of the passage sections of the chamber 11, the neck 13 and the outlet orifice 15 guarantees a constant flow between inlet 2 and outlet 3 but the different forms that presents the central passage from the exit of the chamber 11 to the orifice 15, give the media flow a two-phase flow with homogeneous energy over the entire passage section of the outlet orifice thanks to a rational distribution of forms compensating for wall effects and homogenizing the flow.

    Il en résulte un décapage uniforme sur toute la largeur du flux expulsé, sans création de marges irrégulières, en formant des bandes à bords francs pouvant être très exactement juxtaposées lors des passes successives, de sorte que le décapage est rigoureusement constant sur des surfaces aussi grandes qu'elles puissent être, bien qu'il soit obtenu par une succession de bandes étroites.This results in a uniform pickling over the entire width of the expelled flow, without creation irregular margins, forming bands with sharp edges that can be very exactly juxtaposed during successive passes, so that the stripping is rigorously constant on surfaces as large as they may be, well let it be obtained by a succession of narrow bands.

    Le jet de sortie se forme selon un pinceau aplati dans lequel l'énergie est également distribuée, que la buse soit actionnée manuellement ou mécaniquement par un dispositif asservi.The outlet jet is formed according to a flattened brush in which the energy is also distributed, whether the nozzle is actuated manually or mechanically by a slave device.

    En se reportant maintenant aux figures 9 à 16, on voit un autre mode de réalisation de la buse conforme à l'invention. Sur ces figures, les mêmes éléments portent les mêmes références que sur les figures 1 à 8.Referring now to FIGS. 9 to 16, we see another embodiment of the nozzle according to the invention. In these figures, the same elements bear the same references as in FIGS. 1 to 8.

    Dans la chambre 11, se trouvent deux plongeurs obliques 31 et 32 qui « perturbent » le flux aléatoire d'entrée afin de l'homogénéiser et de le concentrer pour le préparer à aborder le col à section oblongue. In chamber 11, there are two oblique plungers 31 and 32 which "disturb" the random input stream in order to homogenize it and concentrate it to prepare it for approach the neck with oblong section.

    Par ailleurs, les particules solides du flux se chargent en électricité statique par le fait de leurs frottements contre les parois de la conduite d'alimentation et contre les parois de la buse, ce qui est très gênant car les particules sont attirées par la surface en cours de décapage et une partie d'entre elles y restent collées, de sorte qu'il faut procéder à une finition consistant à nettoyer la surface décapée, travail méticuleux, pénible et long.In addition, the solid particles of the flux are charged with static electricity by the fact of their friction against the walls of the supply line and against nozzle walls, which is very annoying because the particles are attracted to the surface by pickling course and part of it sticks to it, so you have to proceed to a finish consisting of cleaning the pickled surface, meticulous work, painful and long.

    Selon l'invention, on remédie à cet inconvénient en ménageant des passages obliques 33 et 34 qui traversent la paroi du bec 5 et auxquels on raccorde des conduits (non représentés) provenant d'une source d'air ionisé.According to the invention, this drawback is remedied by providing oblique passages 33 and 34 which pass through the wall of the spout 5 and to which conduits are connected (not shown) from an ionized air source.

    Cet air est comprimé et injecté à une vitesse élevée, voire même supersonique, selon les flèches F3, dans le média qui circule dans le bec 5.This air is compressed and injected at high speed, or even supersonic speed, depending on the arrows F3, in the medium which circulates in the spout 5.

    Une canalisation (non représentée) alimente les conduits d'air et contient une couronne de type connu (non représentée) produisant dans l'air des décharges électriques qui provoquent son ionisation de telle sorte qu'il contienne autant d'ions négatifs que d'ions positifs.A pipe (not shown) supplies the air ducts and contains a crown of known type (not shown) producing discharges in the air electrics which cause its ionization so that it contains as many ions negative than positive ions.

    L'air circulant dans cette canalisation est avantageusement conditionné pour être légèrement humide.The air circulating in this pipe is advantageously conditioned to be slightly damp.

    Ceux des ions qui ont la même polarité que la surface à décaper rendent neutres les particules de média de polarité inverse qui les ont attirés, de sorte que ces particules ne restent plus collées à la surface à décaper. Les particules de média dont la polarité est la même que celle de la surface à décaper ne peuvent évidemment pas y adhérer puisque les polarités identiques se repoussent.Those of ions which have the same polarity as the surface to be etched neutralize the media particles of reverse polarity that attracted them, so these particles no longer stick to the surface to be stripped. Media particles with polarity is the same as that of the surface to be stripped obviously cannot adhere to it since identical polarities repel each other.

    Les ions de polarité inverse de celle de la surface à décaper s'éliminent par la terre.The ions of opposite polarity to that of the surface to be etched are eliminated by the earth.

    Il faut remarquer que la buse conforme à l'invention équipée d'injecteurs d'air ionisé procure une grande sécurité d'emploi car l'introduction de cet air ne peut provoquer aucune décharge électrique et ne crée donc pas de conditions comportant un risque d'inflammation du média car il n'y a pas création d'une différence de potentiel, donc pas d'existence d'un courant électrique et pas de montée en potentiel des surfaces à décaper.It should be noted that the nozzle according to the invention equipped with ionized air injectors provides great job security because the introduction of this air cannot cause no electric shock and therefore does not create hazardous conditions of inflammation of the media because there is no creation of a potential difference, therefore no existence of an electric current and no rise in potential of the surfaces to stripped.

    Pour réaliser le décapage d'une surface, la buse est déplacée en translation dans le sens de son axe longitudinal, à une distance et selon un angle d'attaque qui dépendent du substrat à retirer et du résultat recherché. To perform the stripping of a surface, the nozzle is moved in translation in the direction of its longitudinal axis, at a distance and at an angle of attack which depend of the substrate to be removed and the desired result.

    Sur les figures 9 à 16, on a choisi de faire déboucher le conduit intermédiaire 12 dans un col 40 dont la section de passage oblongue est elliptique.In FIGS. 9 to 16, we have chosen to unblock the intermediate conduit 12 in a neck 40 whose oblong passage section is elliptical.

    Conformément aux explications données plus haut, la section de l'orifice de sortie doit avoir des dimensions et une forme coordonnées à celles du col 40, et on voit sur les figures 10 et 14 que l'orifice de sortie 41 a une section de passage dont la forme pourrait être définie comme une « contre-ellipse », c'est-à-dire que la section de passage de l'orifice 41 est constituée par deux bords longitudinaux courbes 42 et 43 opposés par leur convexité et raccordés par des courbes élargies 44 et 45 qui créent les canaux latéraux longitudinaux 29, de sorte que la partie centrale de l'orifice 41 est plus étroite que les parties latérales, étant rappelé que l'aire totale de l'orifice 41 est égale à celle du col 40.As explained above, the section of the outlet must have dimensions and a shape coordinated with those of the collar 40, and we see on Figures 10 and 14 that the outlet 41 has a passage section whose shape could be defined as a "counter-ellipse", that is to say that the section of passage of the orifice 41 is constituted by two curved longitudinal edges 42 and 43 opposite by their convexity and connected by widened curves 44 and 45 which create the longitudinal side channels 29, so that the central part of the orifice 41 is narrower than the lateral parts, it being recalled that the total area of the orifice 41 is equal to that of pass 40.

    Ici, les courbes 44 et 45 ne raccordent pas en continu les bords 42 et 43, en arc de cercle par exemple, mais sont en arc brisé et créent à leur intersection une arête respectivement 46 et 47, ce qui crée une limite précise aux bords du flux de média sortant par l'orifice 3.Here, curves 44 and 45 do not continuously connect edges 42 and 43, in an arc of circle for example, but are in a broken arc and create an edge at their intersection 46 and 47 respectively, which creates a precise boundary at the edges of the media stream exiting through port 3.

    Les formes conjuguées du col 40 et de l'orifice de sortie 3 permettent ici encore de répartir uniformément l'énergie du flux, en privilégiant la vitesse des particules dans la zone centrale du bec 5 et le débit sur ses deux petits côtés.The combined shapes of the neck 40 and the outlet orifice 3 again allow distribute the energy of the flow evenly, favoring the speed of the particles in the central zone of the nozzle 5 and the flow on its two short sides.

    Ce principe peut être respecté tout en modifiant les formes des figures 6 et 7 d'une part et 14 et 15 d'autre part.This principle can be respected while modifying the forms of FIGS. 6 and 7 of a part and 14 and 15 on the other hand.

    C'est ce que l'on a schématisé sur les figures 17 à 22.This is shown schematically in Figures 17 to 22.

    Le col 13 de la figure 17 est celui qui a été décrit avec le premier mode de réalisation des figures 1 à 8. En regard de la figure 17, on voit que l'orifice de sortie 15 coordonné au col 13 est celui également décrit avec le premier mode de réalisation des figures 1 à 8. The neck 13 of Figure 17 is that which has been described with the first embodiment Figures 1 to 8. With reference to Figure 17, we see that the outlet 15 coordinated to the neck 13 is that also described with the first embodiment Figures 1 to 8.

    Sur la figure 19, on montre un col oblong 50 qui présente aussi des bords rectilignes, comme sur la figure 17, mais chacun d'eux est formé par deux segments 51-52 et 53-54 décalés angulairement pour avoir un écartement variable depuis un minimum sur les côtés jusqu'à un maximum dans la zone centrale. En regard de la figure 19, on voit un orifice de sortie de forme inverse, à savoir qu'il présente deux bords rectilignes formés chacun par deux segments 55-56 et 57-58 décalés angulairement à l'inverses des segments 51-52 et 53-54 dont l'écartement varie depuis un maximum sur les côtés jusqu'à un minimum dans la zone centrale.FIG. 19 shows an oblong neck 50 which also has rectilinear edges, as in figure 17, but each of them is formed by two segments 51-52 and 53-54 angularly offset to have a variable spacing from a minimum on sides to a maximum in the central area. Next to figure 19, we see an outlet port of opposite shape, namely that it has two straight edges each formed by two segments 55-56 and 57-58 offset angularly in reverse segments 51-52 and 53-54 whose spacing varies from a maximum on the sides up to a minimum in the central area.

    Enfin, pour permettre une meilleure comparaison grâce au rapprochement des vues, on a représenté sur la figure 21 le col 40 de la figure 15 et sur la figure 22 l'orifice de sortie de la figure 14.Finally, to allow a better comparison thanks to the reconciliation of views, FIG. 21 shows the neck 40 of FIG. 15 and in FIG. 22 the orifice of output from figure 14.

    On voit ainsi que le col peut avoir différentes formes, depuis celle de la figure 17 à bords rectilignes et parallèles, jusqu'à la forme en ellipse parfaitement géométrique de la figure 21.We see that the collar can have different shapes, from that of Figure 17 to straight and parallel edges, up to the perfectly geometric elliptical shape of Figure 21.

    Les orifices de sortie ayant une forme coordonnée à celle du col correspondant, cette forme peut également être réalisées selon différentes variantes, étant rappelé que l'aire de la section de passage de l'orifice de sortie doit être égale à celle du col.The outlet orifices having a shape coordinated with that of the corresponding neck, this shape can also be produced in different variants, it being recalled that the area of the passage section of the outlet orifice must be equal to that of the neck.

    Claims (20)

    Buse pour la projection sur un objet d'un fluide tel qu'un flux gazeux contenant des particules solides, comprenant un corps traversé d'un passage tubulaire longitudinal dont une extrémité constitue une entrée devant être raccordée à l'arrivée d'une conduite d'alimentation en fluide et dont l'autre extrémité constitue une sortie du fluide ayant traversé la buse, caractérisée en ce que la section du passage tubulaire est variable entre l'entrée (2) et la sortie (3), à savoir que ledit passage présente trois parties successives qui sont : une chambre d'entrée (11) à section constante, un conduit intermédiaire (12) à section variable dont les parois sont convergentes depuis la chambre (11) jusqu'à un col oblong (13-40-50)qui a un grand axe et un petit axe et dont l'aire est égale à celle de la section circulaire de la chambre (11), un tube de sortie (14) à section oblongue et variable dont les parois sont divergentes depuis le col (13-40) jusqu'à un orifice de sortie (15) de section oblongue ayant un grand axe et un petit axe. Nozzle for the projection onto an object of a fluid such as a gas flow containing solid particles, comprising a body traversed by a longitudinal tubular passage, one end of which constitutes an inlet to be connected to the arrival of a pipe of fluid supply and the other end of which constitutes an outlet for the fluid having passed through the nozzle, characterized in that the cross section of the tubular passage is variable between the inlet (2) and the outlet (3), namely that said passage presents three successive parts which are: an inlet chamber (11) with constant section, an intermediate duct (12) with variable section whose walls converge from the chamber (11) to an oblong neck (13-40-50) which has a major axis and a minor axis and whose area is equal to that of the circular section of the chamber (11), an outlet tube (14) of oblong and variable section whose walls are divergent from the neck (13-40) to an outlet (15) of oblong section having a major axis and a minor axis. Buse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la chambre d'entrée (11) a une section circulaire.Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet chamber (11) has a circular section. Buse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le col oblong (13) présente deux bords (21 et 22) rectilignes et parallèles à son grand axe.Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the oblong neck (13) has two edges (21 and 22) rectilinear and parallel to its major axis. Buse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le col oblong (40-50) présente deux bords (51-52 et 53-54) dont l'écartement est plus grand dans la zone centrale que sur les côtés du col (40-50).Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the oblong neck (40-50) has two edges (51-52 and 53-54) whose spacing is greater in the central zone than on the sides of the neck (40- 50). Buse selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que chacun des deux bords est formé d'au moins deux segments rectilignes (51 et 52, 53 et 54).Nozzle according to claim 4, characterized in that each of the two edges is formed of at least two rectilinear segments (51 and 52, 53 and 54). Buse selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que les deux bords sont courbes et réunis l'un à l'autre par des congés de raccordement latéraux.Nozzle according to claim 4, characterized in that the two edges are curved and joined to one another by lateral connection fillets. Buse selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que le col oblong (40) a une section elliptique. Nozzle according to claim 6, characterized in that the oblong neck (40) has an elliptical section. Buse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la section oblongue du tube de sortie (14) présente deux bords (25 et 26) rectilignes et parallèles à son grand axe.Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the oblong section of the outlet tube (14) has two edges (25 and 26) rectilinear and parallel to its major axis. Buse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la section oblongue du tube de sortie (14) présente deux bords dont l'écartement est plus grand dans la zone centrale que sur les côtés du tube (14).Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the oblong section of the outlet tube (14) has two edges whose spacing is greater in the central zone than on the sides of the tube (14). Buse selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que chacun des deux bords est formé d'au moins deux segments rectilignes (55 et 56, 57 et 58).Nozzle according to claim 9, characterized in that each of the two edges is formed of at least two rectilinear segments (55 and 56, 57 and 58). Buse selon la revendication 9, caractérisée en ce que les deux bords sont courbes et réunis l'un à l'autre par des congés de raccordement latéraux.Nozzle according to claim 9, characterized in that the two edges are curved and joined to one another by lateral connection fillets. Buse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la section oblongue du tube de sortie (14) présente deux bbrds (55-56, 57-58) dont l'écartement est plus grand sur ses côtés que dans sa zone centrale.Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the oblong section of the outlet tube (14) has two bbrds (55-56, 57-58) whose spacing is greater on its sides than in its central zone. Buse selon la revendication 13, caractérisée en ce que le col (40) ayant une section elliptique, la section oblongue du tube de sortie présente deux bords (42 et 43) de même courbure que ceux de l'ellipse mais opposés par leur convexité et réunis l'un à l'autre par des congés de raccordement latéraux (44 et 45).Nozzle according to claim 13, characterized in that the neck (40) having an elliptical section, the oblong section of the outlet tube has two edges (42 and 43) of the same curvature as those of the ellipse but opposite by their convexity and joined together by lateral connecting leaves (44 and 45). Buse selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8, 9 et 13, caractérisée en ce que la section oblongue du tube (14) est agrandie latéralement par deux canaux longitudinaux (29).Nozzle according to any one of claims 8, 9 and 13, characterized in that the oblong section of the tube (14) is enlarged laterally by two longitudinal channels (29). Buse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la chambre d'entrée (11) contient des éléments en relief (31 et 32) constituant des concentrateurs de flux.Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet chamber (11) contains elements in relief (31 and 32) constituting flux concentrators. Buse selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le tube de sortie (14) est déterminé par une paroi étanche (5) qui est traversée par au moins un passage (33-34) destiné à être relié à une source de gaz contenant des particules ionisées et débouchant obliquement dans ledit tube (14), d'amont en aval en considérant le sens de déplacement du fluide.Nozzle according to claim 1, characterized in that the outlet tube (14) is determined by a sealed wall (5) which is traversed by at least one passage (33-34) intended to be connected to a source of gas containing ionized particles and opening obliquely into said tube (14), from upstream to downstream, considering the direction of movement of the fluid. Buse selon la revendication 16, caractérisée en ce que la source de gaz est associée à un dispositif de mise en mouvement à grande vitesseNozzle according to claim 16, characterized in that the gas source is associated with a device for setting in motion at high speed Buse selon la revendication 17, caractérisée en ce que le dispositif de mise en mouvement du gaz est conçu pour imprimer à ce dernier une vitesse supérieure à celle du son. Nozzle according to claim 17, characterized in that the device for setting in motion the gas is designed to impart to the latter a speed greater than that of sound. Buse selon la revendication 16, caractérisée en ce que le gaz contient deux fractions sensiblement égales de particules ionisées de polarités inverses.Nozzle according to claim 16, characterized in that the gas contains two substantially equal fractions of ionized particles of opposite polarities. Buse selon la revendication 16, caractérisée en ce que le gaz est de l'air légèrement humide.Nozzle according to claim 16, characterized in that the gas is slightly humid air.
    EP01403321A 2001-01-04 2001-12-20 Nozzle for concentrated diffusion of a fluid containing solid particles, especially for fine and precise cleaning and inspection of surfaces Expired - Lifetime EP1221358B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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    GB0100198 2001-01-04
    GB0100198A GB2372718B (en) 2001-01-04 2001-01-04 Nozzle intended for the concentrated distribution of a fluid for scouring of surfaces

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    EP1221358A2 true EP1221358A2 (en) 2002-07-10
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    EP (1) EP1221358B1 (en)
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    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    EP1221358B1 (en) 2005-07-20
    DE60112029D1 (en) 2005-08-25
    US6726130B2 (en) 2004-04-27
    US20020088881A1 (en) 2002-07-11
    GB2372718B (en) 2004-07-14
    GB0100198D0 (en) 2001-02-14
    GB2372718A (en) 2002-09-04
    EP1221358A3 (en) 2002-09-18
    ATE299780T1 (en) 2005-08-15
    CA2365343A1 (en) 2002-07-04
    DE60112029T2 (en) 2006-06-01
    ES2246302T3 (en) 2006-02-16

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