EP1219764A1 - Method for making a civil engineering construction, especially swimming pools or water basins and means for carrying out this method - Google Patents

Abstract

Feet (19, 21, 22) are secured firmly in place in the bottom of the excavated area, in the chosen alignments close to the side walls of this area. Each foot has a raised area with two or more walls, so that a trough is formed for supporting and fixing into place the bottom edges of the formwork panels (10-17). Chutes (18, 20) are supported inside large openings in the feet on the outer side of the formwork, and are secured to the panels so that they extend up to the top edges of the panels. A duct (32) is secured to the top edges of the panels so that it extends all the way around the outside of the formwork and over the chutes. Reinforcing rods are positioned in the duct and chutes, then concrete or mortar is cast into the duct in order to form the upper chaining for the formwork, fill the chutes and flow down onto the bottom edges of the panels in the chute regions. A lightly reinforced concrete wall or structure is cast in situ using a formwork comprising two plastic sheets made of e.g. polypropylene. Independent claims are also included for (a) the panel support feet used in this method, which have an essentially prismatic pyramid shape with a large square opening in their apex, and which have two walls on one side that form a raised trough, and (b) the panels used in this method, comprising two sheets of plastic joined together by complimetary sets of plugs or plugs and holes, the plugs being located on the inner face of the panel.

Description

The present invention essentially relates to a method for the realization of civil engineering works, and in particular of swimming pools or basins of water retention, installed in grounds, to have a wall or resistant reinforced concrete structure mechanically poured on site at by means of panels consisting at least in part of two sheets of suitable plastic such as polypropylene and the like combined and suitably braced forming at least partly lost formwork and cooperating in the realization of the work.

We know many processes and devices for construction such works using various lost formwork.

Some processes use, for example, formwork presenting the total height of the wall to be constructed and which are juxtaposed and assembled together by various means. Such forms are not of practical use, their flexibility of use is extremely limited, they have considerable space for storage and transport, and do not generally make it possible to constitute a concrete wall continues perfectly waterproof.

Other methods and devices implement the technique conventional mounting of a wall by means of hollow blocks which, in the in the case of a swimming pool, can be polystyrene foam blocks or similar. The use of such concrete blocks is flexible, but the rigidity of the formwork before setting the concrete is problematic, the installation reinforcement is difficult and the volume of transport and storage of such concrete blocks is considerable.

In his prior patent FR 2 724 680 the applicant described a improved panel forming lost formwork allowing the construction of such freestanding works. The present invention relates to a improvement to this technique which facilitates precise implementation, considerably reduces the storage volume of the materials to be used, especially formwork panels, and simultaneously for rigidity satisfactorily reduces the volume of the concrete required for construction.

The process of the invention differs from the processes of the prior art in that after training in the grounds of a dimension excavation suitable, we place and hold suitably on the bottom of the excavation at level and according to the desired alignments near the walls of the excavation of feet comprising in elevation at least two walls forming a corridor in and on which will come to rest and hang the lower edge of aforementioned panels, these feet comprising, outside side of the work, towards the grounds, a large opening over which we hold chimneys that we fix, up to the upper part of the panels, on the panels, we place all around the work, over the chimneys and against the part high of the panels, outside of the structure, a girdle girdle the structure, concrete or concrete mortar is poured into said chute for form the upper chain of the structure by filling the chimneys and overflowing on the lower edge of the panels after having arranged in the chimneys and in the upper chute the reinforcing bars necessary, thus forming vertical pillars to hold the structure while around him.

According to another characteristic of the process of the invention, it flows the concrete of the foundation slab at the same time as the concrete of the pillars.

According to yet another characteristic of the process of the invention, locks the reinforcing bars of the pillars, the upper chain and slab, before pouring concrete.

The invention also covers means for setting work of the method described above, and in particular of the feet of stabilization of panels for implementing the process, characterized in that they are in general form prismatic pyramid with a large opening at the top quadrangular in which the wall of the pillar concrete pouring chimneys and having two sides walls forming a raised corridor from the base of the foot, the width of the corridor being adapted to receive the lower edge of the panels.

Among the new means of the invention, panels are used, characterized in that they consist of two sheets of plastic material suitable such as polypropylene and the like brought together and braced by a network of conjugated pins and orifices placed opposite each other on the faces inside of the two sheets and which lock into each other others when the two sheets are forced together. According to one realization said sheets have on their inner face of the ribs stiffening. In this case such thin panels have a high rigidity with a small volume which facilitates greatly storage and transportation issues.

According to another embodiment, the panels may not be ribbed, and in this case, their rigidity can be obtained by casting the concrete between the two sheets of the panel during the casting operation of the concrete in the chute which surrounds the upper part of the structure.

la figure 1 est une vue schématique qui montre de façon générale comment est monté le coffrage pour la construction d'un ouvrage conformément à l'invention ;

la figure 2 montre en vue perspective deux éléments de panneaux posés sur leurs pieds ;

la figure 3 montre en vue perspective et à plus grande échelle un pied tel que l'un de ceux utilisés montrés à la figure 2 ;

la figure 4 montre un autre pied qui pourrait être utilisé pour retenir deux panneaux dans un angle de la construction ;

la figure 5 montre de façon très schématique les emplacements où peuvent être disposés sur le fond de la fouille les divers pieds qui vont recevoir les panneaux ;

la figure 6 montre en vue perspective de façon plus précise que la figure 1 comment se fait le montage du coffrage pour la construction de l'ouvrage ;

la figure 7 montre à plus grande échelle le détail entouré VII de la figure 6 ;

la figure 8 montre à plus grande échelle un détail de la tranche supérieure dans un angle d'un panneau ;

la figure 9 montre comme la figure 8 un détail de la tranche inférieure dans un angle d'un panneau ;

la figure 10 montre comme la figure 2, mais vus de l'autre côté, c'est-à-dire côté intérieur, deux panneaux reposant sur leurs pieds en place ;

la figure 11 montre en vue perspective éclatée la constitution d'un panneau tel qu'un de ceux illustrés aux figures précédentes ;

la figure 12 montre à plus grande échelle le détail entouré XII à la figure 11 et le pion coopérant solidaire de la feuille avant du panneau et qui n'est pas visible à la figure 11 ;

la figure 13 montre de façon schématique deux feuilles séparées non nervurées pouvant constituer un autre panneau utilisable selon l'invention.

The invention and its implementation will appear more clearly from the description which follows, given with reference to the appended drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic view which generally shows how the formwork is mounted for the construction of a structure according to the invention;

Figure 2 shows in perspective view two elements of panels placed on their feet;

Figure 3 shows in perspective view and on a larger scale a foot such as one of those used shown in Figure 2;

Figure 4 shows another foot which could be used to hold two panels in a corner of the construction;

Figure 5 shows very schematically the locations where can be arranged on the bottom of the excavation the various feet that will receive the panels;

Figure 6 shows in perspective view more precisely than Figure 1 how is the assembly of the formwork for the construction of the structure;

Figure 7 shows on a larger scale the detail surrounded VII of Figure 6;

Figure 8 shows on a larger scale a detail of the upper edge in a corner of a panel;

Figure 9 shows like Figure 8 a detail of the lower edge in a corner of a panel;

Figure 10 shows as Figure 2, but seen from the other side, that is to say on the inside, two panels resting on their feet in place;

Figure 11 shows in exploded perspective view the constitution of a panel such as one of those illustrated in the previous figures;

Figure 12 shows on a larger scale the detail surrounded XII in Figure 11 and the cooperating pin integral with the front sheet of the panel and which is not visible in Figure 11;

FIG. 13 schematically shows two separate non-ribbed sheets which can constitute another panel which can be used according to the invention.

Referring first to Figure 1, we illustrated a certain number of panels placed side by side to form the beginning of a wall for example of a swimming pool. We assume that the panels so arranged are at the bottom of an excavation which has not been shown to not overload the drawing. Eight panels were thus represented referenced 10 to 17. The panels referenced 12 to 15 form for example the small end side of a 4m x 8m pool. In this case the panels can each have a width of 1m. Their height will depend on the desired depth of the basin, for example 1.1 m. In this figure a also shown the high end of a chimney 18 whose implementation and use will be described in more detail below. Right and on the front of the figure we see a foot 19 whose constitution and usage will be described in more detail below. Above foot 19 a was shown diagrammatically, referenced in 20, another chimney; like him will appear more clearly from the description which follows, in particular in relation to figure 6, the chimney which is fixed on the external side of panels cooperates with the foot 19 on which it rests, and in the upper part with a chute that allows the pouring of concrete. In 21, we see also at the base of the chimney 18 the part, which is located inside of the basin to be built, of a foot which supports the panels at the level of the junction of panels 13 and 14. In general, such chimneys in which the pillars of the structure of resistance of the basin are provided at each junction of panels and in each angle, as referenced in 18 'and 18 "in Figure 1 at the junction of panels 14,15 and in the corner between panels 15 and 16.

Referring to FIG. 2, we have shown more precisely and at larger scale two panels such as panels 16 and 17 with the foot 19 placed under the junction of these two panels. In this same view, we illustrated another foot 22 supporting the end, on the left in FIG. 2, from panel 17. In this figure we can clearly see that the side sheet outside of the structure, sheet referenced 16a for panel 16 and 17a for the panel 17, has on its two lateral edges and on its edge lower holes 23 which will allow good anchoring of the panels by the concrete during the molding of the walls of the structure, as will be explained more far. In this figure, we can also see that the sheet inside the panel, sheet referenced 16b for panel 16 and 17b for panel 17, extends laterally above the inner sheet and on one side (the left side in the drawing), while conversely the sheet outside side laterally overflows on the other side of the panel (the right side in the drawing) over the inner sheet. This hardware allows good joining and joining of successive panels to form the wall total of the work.

Referring now to Figure 3, we will describe more specifies a foot such as foot 19, 21 or 22 which has already been mentioned. Such foot, for example foot 19, has a generally prismatic shape pyramidal with a large opening 24 at the top, for example 200 x 200 mm rectangular. The opening in question is bordered on three sides by a U-shaped wall 25. The top of the U opens onto walls 26,27 forming a corridor 28 adapted to receive the lower edge panels such as 16 and 17. As it is clear from FIG. 3, the base of the corridor 28 is raised relative to the base of the foot 19, so that panels such as 16 and 17, when placed on the feet, are going to leave under them a space in which can come and be poured the concrete of the structure, in particular in connection with the slab. In Figure 3, we see also that the wall 26 does not close the opening of the branch of the U formed by the wall 25, which will block properly, as it will be described in detail below, the base of the concrete pouring chimney which comes to rest inside the opening 24. In FIG. 3, the intervals in question were referenced respectively 29.30. According to a mode of realization, the feet in question can be made of material molded plastic, for example recycled polypropylene. The width of the corridor 28 is adapted to the width of the panels, for example of the order of 70 mm. The height of the base of the corridor above the base of the foot can be example of 60 mm, and the height of the walls 26,27 can be for example of around 40 mm for proper presentation and adjustment of panels on the feet.

In Figure 4, there is illustrated a modified foot 31 which can be used advantageously in a corner of the work to receive the slices oriented 90 degrees from two panels at an angle. If we use such corner feet, as illustrated in Figure 5, in the case for example of a rectangular swimming pool of four meters by eight meters (4m x 8m) we can use two such angle feet 31 and the three intermediate feet as shown 19 distributed from meter to meter to support the panels on this side. If you do not use such corner feet, you can, as illustrated for the other side, use five feet such as 19 evenly distributed meter by meter leaving only a small protruding end of the panel at each corner. Another solution which will be advantageously implementation will consist in using in the corners of the pillars formed in L shaped hollow section chimneys (not shown) placed at the outside of the structure on the angle bisector for the recovery of efforts in the angle; these pillars will be anchored in section feet compliant with an opening such as 24 of section corresponding to the outer section of the L-shaped chimney.

Referring now to Figure 6, we will describe in more detail how can concrete pouring be practically done for constitute the structure of resistance of the structure. In this figure, we find the panels 16 and 17 of the preceding figures and in particular of FIG. 2. The panels are properly placed on the feet previously put in place on the bottom of the excavation, taking care to check the horizontality of the foot, its suitable height and its alignment, i.e. the alignment corridors 28 which will receive the lower edges of the panels. When the feet are properly adjusted, they can be wedged temporarily for example with a shovel of concrete. Then on the side outside of the panels we present chimneys such as 20 which can be formed by a honeycomb sheet folded into a U of suitable height, by example in polypropylene. This fireplace fits at its base inside of the wall 25 (fig. 3) entering the gaps 29.30. The fireplace thus positioned can be simply attached to the panels by means of screw for example as shown schematically by the arrows f in Figure 1 in the side walls of the chimney, and this from inside the structure. Of this way, we understand that the volume of the excavation does not need to be significantly greater than the volume of the hole for positioning the work in the grounds. For a pool of four meters by eight meters (4m x 8m), an excavation volume of four meters 80 by eight meters 80 (4.8m x 8.8m) will be suitable for example in general. The sheet that constitutes the wall of the chimneys can be for example a plate of 8 mm thick polypropylene with a corrugated cardboard structure.

At the top of the panels, more exactly at the same level than the lower lower edge of the inner sheet of each panel, there is a chute 32. This chute has a bottom wall 33 and a side wall 34 which will rise to the same level than the upper edge of the panel, i.e. the edge of the sheet interior of the panel. The bottom 33 of the chute is smashed at the chimneys so as to allow concrete to be poured into the chimneys by the chute. Of course the chute goes all around the structure by girdling. In this chute are arranged the reinforcing bars (not shown) of the upper chain of the structure. In the chimneys are also the reinforcing bars (not shown) which will be locked at their base with the raft irons. As we understand, when all the parts are thus assembled, it only remains to sink the concrete in the trough 33 by simultaneously pouring the pillars, the upper chain and the junction with the raft. The panels being raised above the base of the feet, the concrete also seeps under the panels and in the holes 23 outside side thus locking the base panels and simultaneously sealing with concrete. To the Figure 7, it is clear that the concrete poured through the chimney in penetrating the inside of foot 19 will seep everywhere under the base of the panel 16 and in the holes 23. Similarly in FIG. 9, it can be seen that the locking of the panels at the base will be effective due in particular to the forecast in the lower sections of the panels of the referenced orifices 35.

As seen more clearly in Figure 8, the outside of the panels, such as panel 16, grooves 36 are provided which go receive the side edge of the chimney 20. Thus we will be assured of a precise positioning of this section and this will allow screwing as indicated by the arrows f in figure 1 of the chimney fixing screws in previously marked holes opening into the grooves 36.

In Figure 10, shown from the inside, how had two panels such as 13.14 resting on two feet. From this interior side, smooth panels can receive any coating classic sealing such as a liner.

Referring to Figures 11 and 12, there is illustrated a panel particularly suitable for implementing the invention. This panel, such that the panel 16 already described consists of two sheets, respectively an inner sheet 16b and an outer sheet 16a, each sheet being ribbed according to a network of squares. At the nodes of the network are formed of a side of the holes 37 and on the other side of the pins 38 which can be fitted to force into the holes 37. When the two sheets constituting the panel are assembled the panel is particularly rigid. This allows to reduce the thickness of the panel for example to 70 mm. As indicated previously, the inner sheet 16b and the outer sheet 16a are offset and the outer sheet is lower than the inner sheet of so as to allow the installation of the casting channel of the reinforcement chain upper part of the book. The juxtaposed panels therefore overlap partially on their edges and can be fixed by any means, by example by screws at the arrows indicated h (fig. 1 and 11).

According to the variant illustrated schematically in the figure 13, the two sheets of a panel such as 39a exterior and 39b interior may not be ribbed and simply joined together by means of bracing cylinders which will penetrate into each other. For the rest, the dimensions will be similar, the panels will include the same offsets on the edges of the two sheets and the same holes for locking in concrete.

In the illustrated panels, the pitch of the network will advantageously of the order of 100 mm. In the case of the panel in FIGS. 11 and 12, the diameter of the holes and of the pins 37.38 could be of the order of 20 to 30 mm. In the case of FIG. 13, the diameter of the cylinders could be of the order from 60 to 70 mm. In the latter case where the panels are not ribbed, concrete mortar will be poured inside the panels to give them the required rigidity, the casting of course taking place via the chute 32 already described. In this case, advantageously, a frame metal (not shown) will be integrated into the panel between the two sheets which constitute it, before joining the panels by their pawns or cooperating spacers 40.41.

Among the important advantages of the invention, the ease and the speed of implementation, the low volume of materials required in particularly the small volume of the formwork walls and the low volume of the concrete to be used, three to four times less than the volume necessary according to conventional techniques, the invention further enabling construction of self-stable structures without the use of struts exterior.

These advantages are obtained thanks to the concrete structure, sort of "one piece", which the invention makes it possible to obtain, which is consisting of the raft, poles poured into the chimneys and the upper belt, all these parts being suitably armed and the reinforcements locked and embedded in the concrete mortar. In the case of the use of panels such as those described in relation to FIG. 13, these panels then form an integral part of the concrete structure.

Claims (11)

Process for the production of civil engineering works, and in particular swimming pools or water retention basins, installed in grounds, which must have a wall or structure of reinforced reinforced concrete mechanically poured on site by means of panels made up at least of part of two sheets of suitable plastics material such as polypropylene and the like suitably braced and braced forming at least partly lost formwork and cooperating in the construction of the structure, characterized in that after formation in the excavation grounds of suitable dimensions, one disposes and wedges suitably on the bottom of the excavation at the level and according to the desired alignments near the walls of the excavation of the feet (19,21,22) comprising in elevation at least two walls (26,27) forming a corridor (28 ) in and on which the lower edge of the above-mentioned panels will rest and hang, these feet comprising, on the outside of the structure, towards the grounds, a wide opening (24) over which chimneys are wedged (18,20) which are fixed, up to the upper part of the panels, on the panels, we place all around the structure, over the chimneys and against the upper part of the panels, outside side of the structure, a chute (32) encircling the structure, concrete or concrete mortar is poured into said chute to form the upper chain of the structure by filling the chimneys and overflowing on the lower edge of the panels after having disposed in the chimneys and in the upper chute the necessary reinforcing bars forming thus the vertical pillars holding the work all around it. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the concrete of the foundation slab is poured at the same time as the concrete of the pillars. Method according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the reinforcing bars of the pillars, of the upper chain and of the raft are locked together before pouring the concrete. Stabilizing feet for panels for implementing the method according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that they are in a general prismatic pyramidal shape having at the top a large quadrangular opening (24) into which can come s '' insert the wall of the chimneys (20) for pouring the concrete of the pillars and comprising on one side two walls (26,27) forming a corridor (28) raised relative to the base of the base, the width of the corridor being adapted to receive the lower edge of the panels. Panels for implementing the method according to any one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that they consist of two sheets of suitable plastic material such as polypropylene and the like joined and braced by two arrays of pins (40, 41) or of pins (38) and orifices (37), conjugate, arranged facing each other on the inner faces of the two sheets and which lock into one another when the two sheets are force-assembled . Panels according to claim 5, characterized in that said sheets have on their inner face stiffening ribs. Panels according to claim 6, characterized in that said pins and orifices are formed at the nodes of the stiffening ribs. Panels according to any one of Claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the sheet of the panel on the external side of the structure has on its lateral and lower edges holes (23,35) which communicate with the internal space of the panel. Panels according to any one of Claims 5 to 8, characterized in that the sheet which forms the inside of the panel has a height greater than the sheet which forms the outside of the panel. Panels according to any one of Claims 5 to 9, characterized in that the two sheets of the panel are assembled in such a way that the sheet (16b) on the inside side projects from the sheet (16a) on the outside side on the upper edge and on a side, while the sheet (16a) outside side overflows on the other side of the panel. Panels according to claim 5, characterized in that the two sheets of the panel are assembled in such a way that the two sheets of the panel enclose a metal frame between them.

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