EP1211462B1 - Supply circuit for an ignition electrode - Google Patents
Supply circuit for an ignition electrode Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1211462B1 EP1211462B1 EP20010127984 EP01127984A EP1211462B1 EP 1211462 B1 EP1211462 B1 EP 1211462B1 EP 20010127984 EP20010127984 EP 20010127984 EP 01127984 A EP01127984 A EP 01127984A EP 1211462 B1 EP1211462 B1 EP 1211462B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- transistor
- capacitor
- circuit
- thyristor
- ignition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
- F23Q3/00—Igniters using electrically-produced sparks
- F23Q3/004—Using semiconductor elements
Definitions
- the invention relates to an ignition circuit according to the preamble of the independent claim.
- the ignition frequency is usually generated via an R-C combination in conjunction with a Diac, which causes the trigger pulse (ignition pulse) for the discharge of a capacitor via a thyristor as a switch through the primary winding of a transformer when the breakdown voltage is exceeded.
- the thyrister is fired by a trigger pulse generated by a logic circuit or a ⁇ P controller.
- the DE 2 336 192 A discloses an electronic ignition device for gas appliances, according to the preamble of claim 1, wherein a pulse signal for blocking a thyristor and thus leads to a discharge of a capacitor. While the ignition is done electronically, the power supply must be interrupted by a push button to switch off the ignition.
- the aim of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and to propose an ignition circuit of the type mentioned, which is characterized by a simple structure.
- the proposed measures can be dispensed with a network frequency converting circuit, as provided in the known solutions.
- the proposed solution is characterized by a very simple structure.
- the proposed measures ensures that shortly before the start of a depending on the type of the trigger terminal of the thyristor controlling transistor negative or positive half wave of the supply voltage an ignition pulse for the thyristor is triggered by the transistor. This leads to a transhipment of the series connected to the primary coil of the transformer capacitor and thus to a current flow through the primary coil.
- the ignition is switched off and on by switching the supply voltage or by switching the trigger pulse for the thyristor.
- FIG. 1 and 2 show two different embodiments of an ignition circuit according to the invention.
- a resistor R100 is connected to a mains connection L, to which a diode D100 is connected downstream.
- the second network connection N is a thyristor T100, a parallel to this resistor R101, connected to this parallel freewheeling diode D101 and also connected in parallel series connection.
- This series connection is formed by a primary coil 1 of a transformer U100 and a capacitor C100.
- ignition electrodes Z1, Z2 are connected, which are arranged in the region of a gas burner, not shown.
- a voltage divider circuit Connected between the resistor R100 and the diode D100 is a voltage divider circuit connected to the second mains terminal N, which is formed by the resistors R106 and R110.
- the base of a pnp transistor T101 and a series circuit formed of a diode D102 and a resistor R114 are connected.
- the emitter of the transistor T101 and a capacitor C101 is connected to this series circuit, which is connected to the second network terminal N.
- the collector of the transistor T101 is connected via a resistor R102 to the gate terminal of the thyristor T101.
- FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 in that a further transistor T102 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C101 which is connected to the emitter of the transistor T101.
- the base of this transistor T102 is connected, on the one hand, via a resistor R113 to the diode D102 and to the resistor R114 connected in series therewith, and to an optocoupler IC100 whose main current element or emitter is connected to the second network connection N.
- the control input of the optocoupler IC100 is connected via a resistor R112 to a control voltage UB, wherein the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler IC100 is further connected to a control terminal OFF.
- the trigger pulse for the thyristor T100 which is used to control the transformer U100, generated shortly before the start of each negative half cycle of the AC supply voltage between the power terminals L and N.
- the spark between the ignition electrode Z1 and the ignition electrode 2 is generated by discharging a capacitor C100 through the primary winding of a transformer U100.
- the switching element used here is the thyristor T100, the diode D101, which is connected in parallel therewith, serving as a freewheeling diode.
- the resistor R101 discharges the capacitor C100 after turning off the power supply.
- the capacitor C100 is charged via the resistor R100 and the diode D100.
- the energy required for the ignition pulse, which is transmitted to the electrodes via the transformer U100, is then stored in the capacitor C100.
- the capacitor C101 is charged via the resistors R100 and R106, the diode D102 and the resistor R114. Via the voltage divider, which is formed by the resistors R100 and R106, on the one hand, and the resistor R110, the voltage across the capacitor C101 is limited.
- the transistor T101 turns off because the base potential of the PNP transistor is above its emitter potential. With the end of the positive half cycle of the supply voltage, the base potential becomes smaller than the emitter potential of the transistor T101, which is kept at a positive potential by the capacitor C101. The transistor T101 therefore becomes conductive and remains in this switching state during the negative half cycle of the supply voltage.
- the capacitor C101 discharges through the resistor R102 into the trigger terminal of the thyristor T100 and ignites it.
- the capacitor C100 is discharged via the primary coil 1 of the transformer U100.
- the Voltage pulse is up-transformed via the secondary coil 2 of the transformer U100 and between the two ignition electrodes Z1, Z2 forms a spark gap.
- FIG. 2 shows by way of example how the formation of an ignition pulse can be prevented by shorting the capacitor C101, which is possible by the transistor T102 connected in parallel therewith.
- the ignition can also be switched on and off by switching the supply AC voltage L N via a relay or an Optotriac.
- the transistor T102 is switched via an opto-coupler IC100, wherein the base of the transistor T102 via the resistor R113 in non-switched optocoupler IC100 during the positive half-wave of the supply voltage on a higher compared to the emitter of the transistor T101 Potential is maintained and therefore turned on and therefore the capacitor C101 can not charge.
- the transistor T101 can indeed switch through, but the thyristor T100 can not be ignited because C101 can discharge via R102.
- the capacitor C100 can not discharge.
- the proposed ignition circuits are characterized by only a few, simple components and thus a small footprint, as well as high reliability.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
Description
Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Zündschaltung gemäß dem Oberbegriff des unabhängigen Anspruches.The invention relates to an ignition circuit according to the preamble of the independent claim.
Bei den derzeit eingesetzten Zünderschaltungen wird die Zündfrequenz meist über eine R-C-Kombination in Verbindung mit einem Diac erzeugt, der bei Überschreiten der Durchbruchspannung den Triggerimpuls (Zündimpuls) für die Entladung eines Kondensators über einen Thyristor als Schalter durch die Primärwicklung eines Übertragers bewirkt. In anderen Schaltungen wird der Thyrister durch einen Triggerimpuls gezündet, der durch einen Logikschaltkreis oder einen µP-Controller erzeugt wird.In the currently used igniter circuits, the ignition frequency is usually generated via an R-C combination in conjunction with a Diac, which causes the trigger pulse (ignition pulse) for the discharge of a capacitor via a thyristor as a switch through the primary winding of a transformer when the breakdown voltage is exceeded. In other circuits, the thyrister is fired by a trigger pulse generated by a logic circuit or a μP controller.
Bei den bekannten derartigen Schaltungen wird in der Regel mit einer relativ hohen Frequenz gearbeitet, wodurch sich jedoch der Nachteil großer Toleranzen der Zündfrequenz und -spannung bei Diacs und der große Abstand durch das notwendige Vorhandensein einer Logigschaltung bei µP-Controllern ergibt.In the known circuits of this kind, a relatively high frequency is generally used, which, however, results in the disadvantage of large tolerances of the ignition frequency and voltage in the case of diacs and the large distance due to the necessary presence of a logic circuit in the case of μP controllers.
Die
Ziel der Erfindung ist es, die Nachteile des Standes der Technik zu vermeiden und eine Zündschaltung der eingangs erwähnten Art vorzuschlagen, die sich durch einen einfachen Aufbau auszeichnet.The aim of the invention is to avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and to propose an ignition circuit of the type mentioned, which is characterized by a simple structure.
Erfindungsgemäß wird dies bei einer Zündschaltung der eingangs erwähnten Art durch die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des unabhängigen Anspruches erreicht.According to the invention this is achieved in an ignition circuit of the type mentioned by the characterizing features of the independent claim.
Durch die vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen kann auf eine die Netzfrequenz umsetzende Schaltung, wie sie bei den bekannten Lösungen vorgesehen sind, verzichtet werden. Außerdem zeichnet sich die vorgeschlagene Lösung durch einen sehr einfachen Aufbau aus.The proposed measures can be dispensed with a network frequency converting circuit, as provided in the known solutions. In addition, the proposed solution is characterized by a very simple structure.
Durch die vorgeschlagenen Maßnahmen ist sichergestellt, daß kurz vor Beginn einer je nach Typ des den Triggeranschluß des Thyristors steuernden Transistors negativen oder positiven Halbwelle der Versorgungsspannung ein Zündimpuls für den Thyristor durch den Transistor ausgelöst wird. Dadurch kommt es zu einer Umladung des in Reihe zur Primärspule des Übertragers geschalteten Kondensators und damit zu einem Stromfluß über die Primärspule.The proposed measures ensures that shortly before the start of a depending on the type of the trigger terminal of the thyristor controlling transistor negative or positive half wave of the supply voltage an ignition pulse for the thyristor is triggered by the transistor. This leads to a transhipment of the series connected to the primary coil of the transformer capacitor and thus to a current flow through the primary coil.
Die Zündung wird dabei durch Schalten der Versorgungsspannung oder durch Schalten des Triggerimpulses für den Thyristor aus- und eingeschaltet.The ignition is switched off and on by switching the supply voltage or by switching the trigger pulse for the thyristor.
Die Erfindung wird nun anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Dabei zeigen die Fig. 1 und 2 zwei verschiedene Ausführungsformen einer erfindungsgemäßen Zündschaltung.The invention will now be explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. 1 and 2 show two different embodiments of an ignition circuit according to the invention.
Gleiche Bezugszeichen bedeuten in beiden Figuren gleiche Einzelteile.Like reference numerals mean the same items in both figures.
Bei der Ausführungsform nach der Fig. 1 ist an einen Netzanschluß L ein Widerstand R100 angeschlossen, dem eine Diode D100 nachgeschaltet ist. An diese und dem zweiten Netzanschluß N ist ein Thyristor T100, ein zu diesem parallel geschalteter Widerstand R101, eine zu diesem parallel geschaltete Freilaufdiode D101 und eine ebenfalls parallgeschaltete Reihenschaltung angeschlossen. Diese Reihenschaltung ist durch eine Primärspule 1 eines Übertragers U100 und einen Kondensator C100 gebildet.In the embodiment according to FIG. 1, a resistor R100 is connected to a mains connection L, to which a diode D100 is connected downstream. At this and the second network connection N is a thyristor T100, a parallel to this resistor R101, connected to this parallel freewheeling diode D101 and also connected in parallel series connection. This series connection is formed by a
An die Sekundärspule 2 des Übertragers U100 sind Zündelektroden Z1, Z2 angeschlossen, die im Bereich eines nicht dargestellten Gasbrenners angeordnet sind.To the
Zwischen dem Widerstand R100 und der Diode D100 ist eine mit dem zweiten Netzanschluß N verbundene Spannungsteilerschaltung angeschlossen, die durch die Widerstände R106 und R110 gebildet ist. An der Verbindung dieser beiden Widerstände R106 und R110 ist die Basis eines pnp-Transistors T101 und eine aus einer Diode D102 und einem Widerstand R114 gebildete Reihenschaltung angeschlossen. Dabei ist an diese Reihenschaltung der Emitter des Transistors T101 und ein Kondensator C101 angeschlossen, der mit dem zweiten Netzanschluß N verbunden ist.Connected between the resistor R100 and the diode D100 is a voltage divider circuit connected to the second mains terminal N, which is formed by the resistors R106 and R110. At the junction of these two resistors R106 and R110, the base of a pnp transistor T101 and a series circuit formed of a diode D102 and a resistor R114 are connected. In this case, the emitter of the transistor T101 and a capacitor C101 is connected to this series circuit, which is connected to the second network terminal N.
Der Kollektor des Transistors T101 ist über einen Widerstand R102 mit dem Gateanschluß des Thyristors T101 verbunden.The collector of the transistor T101 is connected via a resistor R102 to the gate terminal of the thyristor T101.
Die Ausführungsform nach der Fig. 2 unterscheidet sich von jener nach der Fig. 1 dadurch, daß parallel zum Kondensator C101, der mit dem Emitter des Transistors T101 verbunden ist, ein weiterer Transistor T102 parallel geschaltet ist. Dabei ist die Basis dieses Transistors T102 einerseits über einen Widerstand R113 mit der Diode D102 und dem zu dieser in Reihe geschalteten Widerstand R114 und mit einem Optokoppler IC100 verbunden, dessen Hauptstromstecke, bzw. Emitter mit dem zweiten Netzanschluß N verbunden ist.The embodiment of FIG. 2 differs from that of FIG. 1 in that a further transistor T102 is connected in parallel with the capacitor C101 which is connected to the emitter of the transistor T101. The base of this transistor T102 is connected, on the one hand, via a resistor R113 to the diode D102 and to the resistor R114 connected in series therewith, and to an optocoupler IC100 whose main current element or emitter is connected to the second network connection N.
Der Steuereingang des Optokopplers IC100 ist über einen Widerstand R112 mit einer Steuerspannung UB verbunden, wobei die Leuchtdiode des Optokopplers IC100 weiter mit einem Steueranschluß OFF verbunden ist.The control input of the optocoupler IC100 is connected via a resistor R112 to a control voltage UB, wherein the light-emitting diode of the optocoupler IC100 is further connected to a control terminal OFF.
Bei der Zünderschaltung nach der Fig. 1 und 2 wird der Triggerimpuls für den Thyristor T100, der zur Steuerung des Übertragers U100 dient, kurz vor Beginn jeder negativen Halbwelle der Versorgungs-Wechselspannung zwischen den Netzanschlüssen L und N erzeugt.In the igniter circuit of FIGS. 1 and 2, the trigger pulse for the thyristor T100, which is used to control the transformer U100, generated shortly before the start of each negative half cycle of the AC supply voltage between the power terminals L and N.
Der Zündfunke zwischen der Zündelektrode Z1 und der Zündelektrode 2 wird durch Entladung eines Kondensators C100 durch die Primärwicklung eines Übertragers U100 erzeugt. Als Schaltelement dient dabei der Thyristor T100, wobei die zu diese, parallel geschaltete Diode D101 als Freilaufdiode dient. Der Widerstand R101 entlädt den Kondensator C100 nach dem Abschalten der Spannungsversorgung.The spark between the ignition electrode Z1 and the
Während der positiven Halbwelle der Versorgungsspannung wird über den Widerstand R100 und die Diode D100 der Kondensator C100 geladen. Die benötigte Energie für den Zündimpuls, der über den Übertrager U100 auf die Elektroden übertragen wird, ist dann im Kondensator C100 gespeichert.During the positive half cycle of the supply voltage, the capacitor C100 is charged via the resistor R100 and the diode D100. The energy required for the ignition pulse, which is transmitted to the electrodes via the transformer U100, is then stored in the capacitor C100.
Gleichzeitig wird über die Widerstände R100 und R106, die Diode D102 und den Widerstand R114 der Kondensator C101 geladen. Über den Spannungsteiler, der durch die Widerstände R100 und R106 einerseits und den Widerstand R110 gebildet ist, wird die Spannung an dem Kondensator C101 begrenzt. Während der Ladezeit des Kondensators C101 sperrt der Transistor T101, da das Basispotential des pnp-Transistors über dessen Emitterpotential liegt. Mit Ende der positiven Halbwelle der Versorgungsspannung wird das Basispotential kleiner als das Emitterpotential des Transistors T101, das durch den Kondensator C101 auf positivem Potential gehalten wird. Der Transistor T101 wird daher leitend und bleibt in diesem Schaltzustand während der negativen Halbwelle der Versorgungsspannung.At the same time, the capacitor C101 is charged via the resistors R100 and R106, the diode D102 and the resistor R114. Via the voltage divider, which is formed by the resistors R100 and R106, on the one hand, and the resistor R110, the voltage across the capacitor C101 is limited. During the charging time of the capacitor C101, the transistor T101 turns off because the base potential of the PNP transistor is above its emitter potential. With the end of the positive half cycle of the supply voltage, the base potential becomes smaller than the emitter potential of the transistor T101, which is kept at a positive potential by the capacitor C101. The transistor T101 therefore becomes conductive and remains in this switching state during the negative half cycle of the supply voltage.
Dies führt dazu, daß der Kondensator C101 sich über den Widerstand R102 in den Triggeranschluß des Thyristors T100 entlädt und diesen zündet. Jetzt wird, wie oben erwähnt, der Kondensator C100 über die Primärspule 1 des Übertragers U100 entladen. Der Spannungsimpuls wird über die Sekundärspule 2 des Übertragers U100 hochtransformiert und zwischen den beiden Zündelektroden Z1, Z2 bildet sich eine Funkenstrecke aus.As a result, the capacitor C101 discharges through the resistor R102 into the trigger terminal of the thyristor T100 and ignites it. Now, as mentioned above, the capacitor C100 is discharged via the
In Fig.2 ist beispielhaft dargestellt, wie durch Kurzschließen des Kondensators C101, was durch den zu diesem parallel geschalteten Transistor T102 möglich ist, die Ausbildung eines Zündimpulses unterbunden werden kann. Die Zündung kann natürlich auch durch Schalten der Versorgungs-Wechselspannung L N über ein Relais oder einen Optotriac ebenfalls ein- und ausgeschaltet werden.2 shows by way of example how the formation of an ignition pulse can be prevented by shorting the capacitor C101, which is possible by the transistor T102 connected in parallel therewith. Of course, the ignition can also be switched on and off by switching the supply AC voltage L N via a relay or an Optotriac.
Bei dem in der Fig. 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel erfolgt das Schalten des Transistors T102 über einen Optokoppler IC100, wobei die Basis des Transistors T102 über den Widerstand R113 bei nicht durchgeschaltetem Optokoppler IC100 während der positiven Halbwelle der Versorgungsspannung auf einem gegenüber dem Emitter des Transistors T101 höheren Potential gehalten ist und daher leitend geschaltet ist und sich daher der Kondensator C101 nicht aufladen kann. Damit kann bei der folgenden negativen Halbwelle der Versorgungsspannung der Transistor T101 zwar durchschalten, aber der Thyristor T100 kann nicht gezündet werden, da sich C101 über R102 entladen kann. Somit kann sich auch der Kondensator C100 nicht entladen.In the embodiment shown in FIG. 2, the transistor T102 is switched via an opto-coupler IC100, wherein the base of the transistor T102 via the resistor R113 in non-switched optocoupler IC100 during the positive half-wave of the supply voltage on a higher compared to the emitter of the transistor T101 Potential is maintained and therefore turned on and therefore the capacitor C101 can not charge. Thus, at the following negative half cycle of the supply voltage, the transistor T101 can indeed switch through, but the thyristor T100 can not be ignited because C101 can discharge via R102. Thus, the capacitor C100 can not discharge.
Wird dagegen der Steueranschluß OFF an Masse gelegt, so kommt es zu einem Stromfluß über die Leuchtdiode des Optokopplers IC100 und dieser schaltet durch, wodurch die Basis des Transistors T102 im wesentlichen auf das Potential dessen Emitters gelegt wird und der Transistor T102 sperrt. Dadurch kann sich der Kondensator C101 während der positiven Halbwelle aufladen und der Transistor T101 während der folgenden negativen Halbwelle durchschalten und durch Entladen von C101 einen Zündimpuls auslösen.If, however, the control terminal OFF is grounded, then there is a current flow through the light emitting diode of the optocoupler IC100 and this turns on, whereby the base of the transistor T102 is placed substantially at the potential of the emitter and the transistor T102 blocks. This allows the capacitor C101 to charge during the positive half cycle and turn on the transistor T101 during the following negative half cycle and trigger a firing pulse by discharging C101.
Die vorgeschlagenen Zündschaltungen zeichnen sich durch nur wenige, einfache Bauteile und damit einen geringen Platzbedarf, sowie einer hohe Zuverlässigkeit aus.The proposed ignition circuits are characterized by only a few, simple components and thus a small footprint, as well as high reliability.
Claims (1)
- An ignition circuit arrangement for supplying an ignition electrode, especially for igniting a gas flame, which circuit arrangement comprises a transformer (U100) whose primary coil (1) is controllable via a pulse generator circuit, with the ignition electrode (Z1, Z2) being connected to the secondary coil (2) of the transformer (U100) and comprising a capacitor C100) connected to the primary coil (1), which capacitor is dischargeable via a thyristor (T100), with the capacitor (C100) being connected in series with the primary coil (1) and the thyristor (T100) being connected in parallel with this series connection (1, C100) and being connected via a resistor (R100) and a diode (D100) to power supply connections (L, N), with provision being made that the trigger connection of the thyristor (T100) is controlled via a transistor (T101) which, in turn, is controlled by an R/C circuit (R114, C101), the latter being connected to the centre terminal of a voltage divider circuit (R100, R106, R110), with the transistor (T101) being connected to the capacitor (C101) of the said R/C circuit and the base terminal of the transistor (T101) being connected to the centre terminal of the voltage divider circuit (R100, R106, R110), characterised in that a further transistor (T102) is connected in parallel to the capacitor (C101) of the R/C circuit (R114, C101), which further transistor is connected to the transistor (T102) controlling the trigger terminal of the thyristor (T100), with the base terminal of this further transistor (T102) being in connection via a resistor (R113) with the centre terminal of the voltage divider (R100, R106, R110) and being further connected to a switching component (IC100).
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10061256 | 2000-12-01 | ||
| DE10061256 | 2000-12-01 | ||
| AT0086301A AT410969B (en) | 2001-06-05 | 2001-06-05 | Ignition circuit for supplying power to ignition electrode such as for igniting gas flame, comprises transistor connected to RC circuit which is connected to middle terminal of voltage divider |
| AT8632001 | 2001-06-05 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1211462A2 EP1211462A2 (en) | 2002-06-05 |
| EP1211462A3 EP1211462A3 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
| EP1211462B1 true EP1211462B1 (en) | 2007-11-28 |
Family
ID=25608448
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP20010127984 Expired - Lifetime EP1211462B1 (en) | 2000-12-01 | 2001-11-24 | Supply circuit for an ignition electrode |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1211462B1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE50113319D1 (en) |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES404999A1 (en) * | 1972-07-20 | 1975-07-16 | Copreci Ind Sci | Timed electronic ignition system. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
| GB1539455A (en) * | 1976-12-06 | 1979-01-31 | Maruyama Inc | Battery operated gas lighter |
| JPS5883123A (en) * | 1981-11-13 | 1983-05-18 | Hitachi Ltd | igniter |
| AU2020783A (en) * | 1982-10-20 | 1984-05-03 | Technical Components Pty. Ltd. | Gas ignition circuits |
-
2001
- 2001-11-24 DE DE50113319T patent/DE50113319D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-11-24 EP EP20010127984 patent/EP1211462B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-11-26 DE DE10159031A patent/DE10159031A1/en not_active Withdrawn
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP1211462A3 (en) | 2006-05-31 |
| EP1211462A2 (en) | 2002-06-05 |
| DE10159031A1 (en) | 2002-09-05 |
| DE50113319D1 (en) | 2008-01-10 |
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