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EP1192013A2 - Method for refinishing defects in stoved enamels with powder coatings - Google Patents

Method for refinishing defects in stoved enamels with powder coatings

Info

Publication number
EP1192013A2
EP1192013A2 EP00938741A EP00938741A EP1192013A2 EP 1192013 A2 EP1192013 A2 EP 1192013A2 EP 00938741 A EP00938741 A EP 00938741A EP 00938741 A EP00938741 A EP 00938741A EP 1192013 A2 EP1192013 A2 EP 1192013A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
defects
powder
lacquer
powder coating
nir
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00938741A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1192013B1 (en
Inventor
Armin Rettig
Olaf Thiele
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EIDP Inc
Original Assignee
EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co filed Critical EI Du Pont de Nemours and Co
Publication of EP1192013A2 publication Critical patent/EP1192013A2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1192013B1 publication Critical patent/EP1192013B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D5/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials to surfaces to obtain special surface effects, finishes or structures
    • B05D5/005—Repairing damaged coatings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D2401/00—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like
    • B05D2401/30—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like the coating being applied in other forms than involving eliminable solvent, diluent or dispersant
    • B05D2401/32—Form of the coating product, e.g. solution, water dispersion, powders or the like the coating being applied in other forms than involving eliminable solvent, diluent or dispersant applied as powders
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05D3/00—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials
    • B05D3/02—Pretreatment of surfaces to which liquids or other fluent materials are to be applied; After-treatment of applied coatings, e.g. intermediate treating of an applied coating preparatory to subsequent applications of liquids or other fluent materials by baking
    • B05D3/0254—After-treatment
    • B05D3/0263—After-treatment with IR heaters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the refinishing of defects within baked-on coating layers with powder coating agents.
  • Lacquer defects such as craters, dents, scratches or dirt inclusions within stoving coating layers, for example within stoved coating layers made from powder coatings, can be repaired with liquid lacquers.
  • the repair process is time consuming and labor intensive. For example, the curing of the refinish requires exposure to elevated temperatures for a sufficiently long period of time. If the substrates to be repaired are temperature-sensitive substrates, the object temperature cannot be chosen as high as desired. In the case of substrates to be repaired with a mixed structure of temperature-sensitive and temperature-insensitive components, the procedure is generally such that the temperature-sensitive components before
  • a particular problem with the refinishing of outer, visible, stoving topcoats made from powder lacquers with liquid lacquers is to carry out the refinishing in such a way that the repaired area is not noticeable, for example in terms of color matching or gloss.
  • the repair of burnt-on powder clearcoat layers no essential one is allowed
  • Deviation between the refractive indices of the baked powder clear coat and the cured repair clear coat result.
  • Methods for repairing defects in lacquer layers while avoiding the usual mixing curing by convection or conventional IR radiation are known from DE-A-38 33 225, DE-A-197 20 894 and DE-A-197 20 946. The methods described there work with laser light as an energy source for the
  • EP-A-0 842 710 a method for repairing defects in powder coating layers is known, in which a filler is inserted and connected to the defect prepared for repair, for example ground or milled out.
  • the filler preferably corresponds to the dimensions of the prepared defect.
  • EP-A-0 887 118 improves the method known from EP-A-0 842 710 with regard to the achievable quality of the repaired defect by carrying out the method known from EP-A-0 842 710 in such a way that the connection of filler body and Fault occurs under the influence of pressure.
  • EP-A-0 842 710 and EP-A-0 887 118 avoid the disadvantages of repairing defects in powder coating layers by means of liquid lacquers, but are nevertheless complex because of the necessary provision of the filler, in particular in the area adapted to the defect to be repaired Dimension.
  • the article "Rapid curing of powder coating” (Kai Bär, JOT 2/98, pages 26 to 29) describes that powder coatings can be cured with the aid of near-infrared radiation (NIR) of high intensity without causing significant heating of the substrate comes.
  • NIR near-infrared radiation
  • the NIR technology allows the melting and curing of powder coating in a single process step.
  • the object of the invention is to provide an improved process for the refinishing of defects in stoving lacquers, in particular within usinemish lacquers produced using powder lacquers, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art described.
  • the method should in particular also be suitable for touch-up painting of mass-produced, industrially manufactured objects, in particular motor vehicles and their parts, for example in the context of or following a series painting.
  • the invention therefore relates to a method for repairing imperfections in an embossed coating, which is characterized in that the defect which is ready for refinishing is coated with a powder coating agent and the applied powder coating is then melted and cured by exposure to near-infrared radiation (NIR).
  • NIR near-infrared radiation
  • the one or more imperfections within an enamel finish in particular within one out of one
  • the stoving lacquers which have defects can be, for example, single-layer topcoats or lacquer layers arranged within a multi-layer lacquer, for example primers, filler layers and preferably outer, visible color and / or effect-giving or in particular transparent topcoat layers.
  • the method according to the invention can preferably be used for the repair of imperfections within baked-on coating layers made from powder coatings, in particular powder clear coatings.
  • the method according to the invention can particularly preferably be used in the repair of defects within stoving lacquers applied to motor vehicles and their parts.
  • imperfections means that there are locally limited, for example up to a few square centimeters large, for example 1 mm 2 to 100 cm 2 large, defective areas within stove enamels.
  • the defects can be, for example, damage such as scratches, for example assembly scratches, coating defects such as craters or dents, or inclusions of dirt.
  • the powder coating compositions used for refinishing are aqueous preparations of the powder coating compositions, include so-called aqueous powder coating slurries.
  • powder coatings themselves are preferably used in the process according to the invention.
  • the powder coating materials used as repair lacquers in the process according to the invention contain a thermally curable self- or externally crosslinking agent
  • Binder system preferably a crosslinking binder / hardener combination.
  • Binder is to be understood as the film-forming higher molecular weight component of a thermosetting powder coating, which generally makes up at least 50% by weight of the underlying binder / hardener combination, while the hardener component is generally a maximum of 50% by weight within this combination.
  • the binder base is not subject to any fundamental restrictions.
  • customary binders used for powder coatings are suitable. Examples are polyester resins, (meth) acrylic copolymers, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, polyurethane resins, and suoxane resins.
  • the binders have, for example, glass transition temperatures of 30 to 120 ° C., preferably below 90 ° C., and have, for example, intermediate molar masses (Mn) of 500 to 20,000, preferably below 10,000.
  • the hardeners have e.g. number average molecular weights (Mn) of 84 to 3000, preferably less than 2000. Different binders and hardeners can be mixed with one another.
  • Binder and hardener carry complementary reactive functional groups which allow a thermal crosslinking reaction of the powder coating, for example by condensation reactions and / or addition reactions.
  • functional groups are carboxyl groups, epoxy groups, aliphatic or aromatic hydroxyl groups, isocyanate groups, blocked
  • Isocyanate groups anhydride groups, primary or secondary amino groups, blocked amino groups, N-heterocyclic groups capable of ring-opening addition, such as e.g. Oxazoline groups, (meth) acryloyl groups, CH-acidic groups such as e.g. Acetoacetate groups.
  • the various functional groups can be present on the binder and / or hardener at the same time.
  • the binders and hardeners contain on average at least 2 functional groups per molecule.
  • the ratio of binder to hardener is generally, for example, 98: 2 to 50:50. It is preferably between 95: 5 and 70:30.
  • binder / hardener systems customary in powder coatings are polyester resins with low molecular weight epoxy or hydroxyalkylamide hardeners, epoxy / polyester hybrid systems, epoxy resins with dicyandiamide hardeners, carboxylic acid hardeners or phenolic hardeners, hydroxy-functional polyesters or (meth) acrylic copolymers with blocked polyisocyanates (epoxy) copolymers (epoxy-functional), epoxy-functional copolymers With
  • Carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid anhydride hardeners are provided.
  • those powder clear lacquers are preferably used as repair lacquers in the process according to the invention which contain epoxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymers, in particular as binders
  • glycidyl (meth) acrylate copolymers with an epoxy equivalent weight between 250 and 700 and as hardener one or more low molecular weight and / or polymeric compounds with an average of 2 or more carboxyl functions per molecule and / or anhydrides thereof.
  • Solid aliphatic hardeners are preferred
  • Dicarboxylic acids and / or their anhydrides such as, in particular, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, which can also be used in a mixture with carboxyl-functional polyesters.
  • the powder coating materials used in the process according to the invention can contain conventional powder coating additives in customary proportions of, for example, 0J to 5% by weight.
  • additives are leveling agents, degassing agents such as benzoin, antioxidants, light stabilizers, matting agents, coloring and / or effect-giving inorganic and / or organic pigments and / or fillers, dyes, adhesion promoters, lubricants, catalysts and rheology control agents.
  • opaque pigments or effect pigments are used, they are used to repair defects in color and / or effect paint layers
  • Powder coating agent If no or colorless pigments, e.g. Micronized titanium dioxide or silicon dioxide are used, so these are powder clear lacquer coating materials which can be used to repair defects in clear lacquer layers.
  • Powder coatings can be carried out by the customary methods for producing powder coatings, for example by extruding the powder coating formulated in the form of a paste-like melt by dry mixing all the necessary components, cooling the melt, coarse comminution, fine grinding and, if appropriate, subsequent sieving to the desired particle size, for example to medium particle sizes from 10 to 90 ⁇ m.
  • the process according to the invention can be carried out using fine-grain powder coating material, for example with average particle sizes of 1 to 40 ⁇ m.
  • Fine-grained powder coating or fine-grain powder coating can be produced in a targeted manner, but occurs, for example, in powder coating production or in powder coating application as an undesirable material per se and can therefore be used expediently in the process according to the invention.
  • the powder coatings can also be used as an aqueous powder coating slurry.
  • they can be converted into an aqueous powder coating slurry, for example by dry or wet grinding or by intensive dispersion of a powder coating melt or organic powder coating solution, which can optionally be freed from organic solvent by distillation.
  • the powder coating materials used in the process according to the invention preferably have the same solid composition as that used to prepare the repairing, flawed enamel coating used. This is preferably a repair of defects in baked powder coating layers. Powder coatings with an identical composition are used both in the initial coating and in the refinishing according to the invention. This is particularly advantageous when repairing
  • defects in a stove enamelling are repaired using powder coatings as repair lacquers.
  • the defects can be ready for refinishing or they can be prepared for refinishing, for example by grinding, milling or machining the defects with a laser.
  • the defects are at least cleaned before applying the powdered repair lacquer.
  • it is expedient to protect the flawlessly coated areas of the surface from contamination for example by covering, masking or by applying a peelable varnish around the defects to be repaired.
  • the defects that are ready for refinishing can be coated with the powder coating agent regardless of whether they are on horizontal or vertical surfaces, for example mechanically, for example by sprinkling, brushing or brushing, or the application is carried out by spraying on with the customary application devices.
  • Mechanical application is particularly suitable for fine-grained powder coating material.
  • the spraying can be carried out, for example, with electrostatic assistance, e.g. with the help of corona or tribo spray organs.
  • the powder coating composition applied to the defect is melted and cured by irradiation with NIR radiation, preferably with high-intensity NIR radiation.
  • NIR radiation is short-wave infrared radiation in the wavelength range from approximately 760 to approximately 1500 nm, preferably 760 to 120 nm
  • NIR emitters are commercially available (for example from the company
  • high-performance halogen lamps with a radiation density of generally more than 1 W / cm 2 , preferably more than 10 W / cm 2 , for example up to 15 MW / m 2 .
  • the emitters for example, reach an emitter surface temperature (filament temperature) between 2000 and 3000 K.
  • Suitable emitters have, for example, an emission spectrum with a maximum between 750 and 1200 nm.
  • the irradiation period in the method according to the invention is, for example, 1 to 300 seconds.
  • the powder coating applied to repair the defect melts and hardens within 1 to 300, for example
  • Seconds preferably within 5 to 60 seconds.
  • the irradiation can be carried out in a belt system equipped with one or more NIR emitters or with an NIR emitter which is positioned in front of the object or the site to be irradiated.
  • the first option is useful, for example, when refinishing individual parts or objects in which several defects are to be repaired in one step.
  • the belt speed and thus the irradiation time can be varied.
  • 1 to 7 m / min can be set, which can correspond, for example, to irradiation times of 2 to 20 seconds.
  • the distance between the NIR emitter and the object surface can e.g. 1 to 60 cm, preferably 4 to 20 cm.
  • the NIR radiator is positioned in front of the object or location to be irradiated.
  • the irradiation time can be, for example, 1 to 300 seconds, the object distance, for example, 1 to 60 cm, preferably 4 to 20 cm.
  • the various irradiation parameters, such as belt speed or irradiation duration, object distance, radiation power of the NIR emitter used can be adapted by the person skilled in the art according to the needs of the respective repair task.
  • the powder coating applied to repair imperfections has hardened by means of NIR radiation, it may be expedient to smooth the repaired area, for example by polishing.
  • the color and / or effect basecoat layer can first be applied from a basecoat coating agent to the flaw in the stoving lacquer ready for repair lacquering, if necessary ventilated and / or baked and then a clear powder coating is applied and melted and cured by NIR radiation.
  • Powder repair lacquer slurry melting and hardening of the (dried) powder lacquer layer by NIR radiation, optionally overcoating with further coating layers.
  • NIR radiation for example, in the case of one to be repaired
  • a powder filler is applied to the defect in a filler layer and melted and hardened by NIR radiation before it is overcoated with basecoat and clearcoat, for example.
  • overpainting with basecoat and clearcoat can take place as part of the initial painting or as part of a refinishing on the object that has already been painted.
  • Another example is a defect to be repaired within a clear lacquer layer of a color and / or effect basecoat-clear lacquer two-layer lacquer.
  • a powder clear coat can be applied to the flaw that is ready for repair, for example a flaw that is not sanded down to the basecoat layer or even deeper, and
  • the method according to the invention permits the repair lacquering of defects in stoving lacquers, in particular within stoving lacquers produced using powder lacquers. The ones described at the beginning
  • the method is suitable for touch-up painting of mass-produced, industrially manufactured objects, in particular it is suitable for repairing defects within powder coating layers, in particular powder topcoat and powder clearcoat layers, which are produced in the course of automobile or automotive part series coating.
  • Powder clearcoat is a dirt particle within the powder clearcoat.
  • the dirt particle is removed by sanding without penetrating the basecoat.
  • An approx. 0.5 cm 2 defect in the powder clear coat layer, ready for repair, is created.
  • the area to be repaired is separated from the flawless surface by masking with heat-resistant film.
  • the same powder clear coat as the powder clear coat previously used to produce the first coat is applied to the defect ready for repair by electrostatic spraying.
  • An NIR emitter from Industrie SerVis is positioned at a distance of 100 mm from the defect coated with powder clear lacquer. It is irradiated for 8 seconds with a power of 400 kW / m 2 , within which the powder clear lacquer melts and hardens completely.
  • the cover sheet is then removed and the repaired area is polished over a small area using a commercially available grinding paste.

Landscapes

  • Application Of Or Painting With Fluid Materials (AREA)
  • Paints Or Removers (AREA)

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for refinishing defects in a stoved enamel. According to said method, the defect that is ready for refinishing is coated with a powder coating agent or an aqueous powder coating slurry. The powder coating that is applied is then burnt on and hardened by means of exposure to near infrared radiation.

Description

Verfahren zur Reparaturlackierung von Fehlstellen in Einbrennlackierungen mit PulverlackenProcess for refinishing defects in stoving paints with powder coatings
Die Erfindung betrifft die Reparaturlackierung von Defekten innerhalb eingebrannter Überzugsschichten mit Pulverüberzugsmitteln.The invention relates to the refinishing of defects within baked-on coating layers with powder coating agents.
Lackdefekte wie beispielsweise Krater, Dellen, Kratzer oder Schmutzeinschlüsse innerhalb von Einbrennüberzugsschichten, beispielsweise innerhalb von aus Pulverlacken hergestellten eingebrannten Überzugsschichten können mit Flüssiglacken repariert werden. Der Reparaturvorgang ist zeitaufwendig und arbeitsintensiv . Beispielsweise bedingt die Aushärtung des Reparaturlacks die Einwirkung erhöhter Temperaturen während eines ausreichend langen Zeitraums. Handelt es sich bei den reparaturzulackierenden Substraten um temperaturempfindliche Substrate, so kann die Objekttemperatur nicht beliebig hoch gewählt werden. Im Falle reparaturzulackierender Substrate mit einem gemischten Aufbau aus temperaturempfindlichen und temperaturunempfindlichen Bauteilen wird im allgemeinen so verfahren, daß die temperaturempfindlichen Bauteile vor derLacquer defects such as craters, dents, scratches or dirt inclusions within stoving coating layers, for example within stoved coating layers made from powder coatings, can be repaired with liquid lacquers. The repair process is time consuming and labor intensive. For example, the curing of the refinish requires exposure to elevated temperatures for a sufficiently long period of time. If the substrates to be repaired are temperature-sensitive substrates, the object temperature cannot be chosen as high as desired. In the case of substrates to be repaired with a mixed structure of temperature-sensitive and temperature-insensitive components, the procedure is generally such that the temperature-sensitive components before
Temperatureinwirkung, beispielsweise im Einbrennofen abgebaut und anschließend wieder angebaut werden. Diese Maßnahmen behindern und verteuern insbesondere Serienlackierprozesse, beispielsweise die Lackierung von Automobilen mit Füller-, Deck- oder Klarlacken.Exposure to temperature, for example in the baking oven, and then reinstalled. These measures hinder and make expensive serial painting processes in particular, for example painting automobiles with filler, top or clear coats.
Ein besonderes Problem bei der Reparaturlackierung von äußeren, sichtbaren, aus Pulverlacken hergestellten Einbrenndecklackierungen mit Flüssiglacken ist es, die Reparaturlackierung so aus-uführen, daß die reparierte Stelle optisch nicht auffällt, beispielsweise hinsichtlich Farbtonüberemstimmung oder Glanz. Im Fall der Reparatur eingebrannter Pulverklarlackschichten darf sich zudem keine wesentlicheA particular problem with the refinishing of outer, visible, stoving topcoats made from powder lacquers with liquid lacquers is to carry out the refinishing in such a way that the repaired area is not noticeable, for example in terms of color matching or gloss. In the case of the repair of burnt-on powder clearcoat layers, no essential one is allowed
Abweichung zwischen den Brechzahlen des eingebrannten Pulverklarlacks und des ausgehärteten Reparaturklarlacks ergeben. Verfahren zur Reparatur von Fehlstellen in Lackschichten unter Vermeidung der üblichen Vermischen Aushärtung durch Konvektion oder gewöhnliche IR-Bestrahlung sind aus den DE-A-38 33 225, DE-A-197 20 894 und DE-A-197 20 946 bekannt. Die dort beschriebenen Verfahren arbeiten mit Laserlicht als Energiequelle für dieDeviation between the refractive indices of the baked powder clear coat and the cured repair clear coat result. Methods for repairing defects in lacquer layers while avoiding the usual mixing curing by convection or conventional IR radiation are known from DE-A-38 33 225, DE-A-197 20 894 and DE-A-197 20 946. The methods described there work with laser light as an energy source for the
Aushärtung des Reparaturlacks.Curing of the refinish.
Aus der EP-A-0 842 710 ist ein Verfahren zur Reparatur von Fehlstellen in Pulverlackschichten bekannt, bei dem in die zur Reparatur vorbereitete, beispielsweise ausgeschliffene oder ausgefräste Fehlstelle ein Füllkörper eingesetzt und damit verbunden wird. Bevorzugt entspricht der Füllkörper dabei den Abmessungen der vorbereiteten Fehlstelle. Die EP-A-0 887 118 verbessert das aus EP-A-0 842 710 bekannte Verfahren hinsichtlich der erreichbaren Qualität der reparierten Fehlstelle, indem das aus EP-A-0 842 710 bekannte Verfahren so ausgeführt wird, daß die Verbindung von Füllkörper und Fehlstelle unter Einwirkung von Druck erfolgt. DieFrom EP-A-0 842 710 a method for repairing defects in powder coating layers is known, in which a filler is inserted and connected to the defect prepared for repair, for example ground or milled out. The filler preferably corresponds to the dimensions of the prepared defect. EP-A-0 887 118 improves the method known from EP-A-0 842 710 with regard to the achievable quality of the repaired defect by carrying out the method known from EP-A-0 842 710 in such a way that the connection of filler body and Fault occurs under the influence of pressure. The
Verfahren der EP-A-0 842 710 und EP-A-0 887 118 vermeiden zwar die Nachteile der Reparatur von Fehlstellen in Pulverlackschichten mittels flüssigen Lacken, sind aber dennoch aufwendig aufgrund der notwendigen Bereitstellung der Füllkörper, insbesondere in der der zu reparierenden Fehlstelle angepaßten Abmessung.Methods of EP-A-0 842 710 and EP-A-0 887 118 avoid the disadvantages of repairing defects in powder coating layers by means of liquid lacquers, but are nevertheless complex because of the necessary provision of the filler, in particular in the area adapted to the defect to be repaired Dimension.
In dem Beitrag "Sekundenschnelle Aushärtung von Pulverlack" (Kai Bär, JOT 2/98, Seite 26 bis 29) wird beschrieben, daß sich Pulverlacke mit Hilfe von Nahinfrarot- Strahlung (NIR) hoher Intensität aushärten lassen, ohne daß es zu einer wesentlichen Erwärmung des Substrates kommt. Die NIR- Technologie erlaubt das Aufschmelzen und die Aushärtung von Pulverlacküberzügen in einem einzigen Prozeßschritt.The article "Rapid curing of powder coating" (Kai Bär, JOT 2/98, pages 26 to 29) describes that powder coatings can be cured with the aid of near-infrared radiation (NIR) of high intensity without causing significant heating of the substrate comes. The NIR technology allows the melting and curing of powder coating in a single process step.
Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es ein verbessertes Verfahren zur Reparaturlackierung von Fehlstellen in Einbrennlackierungen, insbesondere innerhalb von unter Verwendung von Pulverlacken hergestellten Embrennlackierungen bereitzustellen, das die beschriebenen Nachteile des Standes der Technik vermeidet. Das Verfahren soll insbesondere auch geeignet sein zur Ausbesserungslackierung serienlackierter, industriell hergestellter Gegenstände, insbesondere Kraftfahrzeuge und deren Teile, beispielsweise im Rahmen einer bzw. im Anschluß an eine Serienlackierung.The object of the invention is to provide an improved process for the refinishing of defects in stoving lacquers, in particular within embremish lacquers produced using powder lacquers, which avoids the disadvantages of the prior art described. The method should in particular also be suitable for touch-up painting of mass-produced, industrially manufactured objects, in particular motor vehicles and their parts, for example in the context of or following a series painting.
Gegenstand der Erfindung ist daher ein Verfahren zur Reparatur von Fehlstellen in einer Embrennlackierung, das dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, daß die zur Reparaturlackierung bereite Fehlstelle mit einem Pulverlacküberzugsmittel beschichtet wird und der aufgebrachte Pulverlack anschließend durch Bestrahlen mit Nahinfrarot- Strahlung (NIR) aufgeschmolzen und ausgehärtet wird.The invention therefore relates to a method for repairing imperfections in an embossed coating, which is characterized in that the defect which is ready for refinishing is coated with a powder coating agent and the applied powder coating is then melted and cured by exposure to near-infrared radiation (NIR).
Beim erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren werden die ein oder mehreren Fehlstellen innerhalb einer Einbrennlackierung, insbesondere innerhalb einer aus einemIn the method according to the invention, the one or more imperfections within an enamel finish, in particular within one out of one
Pulverlacküberzugsmittel aufgebrachten Einbrennlackierung unter Verwendung eines Pulverlacküberzugsmittels reparaturlackiert. Bei den Fehlstellen aufweisenden Einbrennlackierungen kann es sich beispielsweise um Einschichtdecklackierungen oder um innerhalb einer mehrschichtigen Lackierung angeordnete Lackschichten handeln, beispielsweise um Grundierungen, Füllerschichten und bevorzugt um äußere, sichtbare färb- und/oder effektgebende oder insbesondere transparente Decklackschichten. Bevorzugt kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eingesetzt werden bei der Reparatur von Fehlstellen innerhalb eingebrannter, aus Pulverlacken, insbesondere Pulverklarlacken erstellter Überzugsschichten. Besonders bevorzugt kann das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren eingesetzt werden bei der Reparatur von Fehlstellen innerhalb von auf Kraftfahrzeuge und deren Teile aufgebrachten Einbrennlackierungen .Powder coating agent applied baked finish using a powder coating agent refinished. The stoving lacquers which have defects can be, for example, single-layer topcoats or lacquer layers arranged within a multi-layer lacquer, for example primers, filler layers and preferably outer, visible color and / or effect-giving or in particular transparent topcoat layers. The method according to the invention can preferably be used for the repair of imperfections within baked-on coating layers made from powder coatings, in particular powder clear coatings. The method according to the invention can particularly preferably be used in the repair of defects within stoving lacquers applied to motor vehicles and their parts.
Der Ausdruck Fehlstellen bedeutet, daß es sich um lokal begrenzte, beispielsweise bis zu einige Quadratzentimeter große, beispielsweise 1 mm2 bis 100 cm2 große, fehlerhafte Stellen innerhalb von Einbrennlackierungen handelt. Bei den Fehlstellen kann es sich beispielsweise um Beschädigungen wie Kratzer, beispielsweise Montagekratzer, um Beschichtungsstörungen wie Krater oder Dellen oder um Schmutzeinschlüsse handeln.The expression imperfections means that there are locally limited, for example up to a few square centimeters large, for example 1 mm 2 to 100 cm 2 large, defective areas within stove enamels. The defects can be, for example, damage such as scratches, for example assembly scratches, coating defects such as craters or dents, or inclusions of dirt.
Es sei darauf hingewiesen, daß die zur Reparaturlackierung eingesetzten Pulverlacküberzugsmittel wäßrige Zubereitungen der Pulverlacküberzugsmittel, sogenannte wäßrige Pulverlackslurries einschließen. Bevorzugt werden im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren jedoch Pulverlacke selbst eingesetzt.It should be pointed out that the powder coating compositions used for refinishing are aqueous preparations of the powder coating compositions, include so-called aqueous powder coating slurries. However, powder coatings themselves are preferably used in the process according to the invention.
Die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren als Reparaturlacke eingesetzten Pulverlacke enthalten ein thermisch aushärtbares selbst- oder fremdvernetzendesThe powder coating materials used as repair lacquers in the process according to the invention contain a thermally curable self- or externally crosslinking agent
Bindemittelsystem, bevorzugt eine fremdvernetzende Bindemittel/Härter-Kombination. Unter Bindemittel ist die filmbildende höhermolekulare Komponente eines duroplastischen Pulverlackes zu verstehen, die im allgemeinen mindestens 50 Gew.-% der zugrundeliegenden Bindemittel/Härter-Kombination ausmacht, während die Härterkomponente im allgemeinen maximal 50 Gew.-% innerhalb dieser Kombination beträgt. Die Bindemittelbasis unterliegt keinen prinzipiellen Beschränkungen. Geeignet sind beispielsweise übliche für Pulverlacke eingesetzte Bindemittel. Beispiele sind Polyesterharze, (Meth)acrylcopolymere, Epoxidharze, Phenolharze, Polyurethanharze, Süoxanharze. Die Bindemittel weisen beispielsweise Glasübergangstemperaturen von 30 bis 120 °C, bevorzugt unter 90 °C, auf und besitzen beispielsweise zaUerimittlere Molmassen (Mn) von 500 bis 20000, bevorzugt unter 10000. Die Härter besitzen z.B. zahlenmittlere Molmassen (Mn) von 84 bis 3000, bevorzugt unter 2000. Es können verschiedene Bindemittel und Härter miteinander gemischt werden.Binder system, preferably a crosslinking binder / hardener combination. Binder is to be understood as the film-forming higher molecular weight component of a thermosetting powder coating, which generally makes up at least 50% by weight of the underlying binder / hardener combination, while the hardener component is generally a maximum of 50% by weight within this combination. The binder base is not subject to any fundamental restrictions. For example, customary binders used for powder coatings are suitable. Examples are polyester resins, (meth) acrylic copolymers, epoxy resins, phenolic resins, polyurethane resins, and suoxane resins. The binders have, for example, glass transition temperatures of 30 to 120 ° C., preferably below 90 ° C., and have, for example, intermediate molar masses (Mn) of 500 to 20,000, preferably below 10,000. The hardeners have e.g. number average molecular weights (Mn) of 84 to 3000, preferably less than 2000. Different binders and hardeners can be mixed with one another.
Bindemittel und Härter tragen untereinander komplementär reaktive funktionelle Gruppen, die eine thermische Vernetzungsreaktion des Pulverlackes erlauben, beispielsweise durch Kondensationsreaktionen und/oder Additionsreaktionen. Beispiele für solche funktionelle Gruppen sind Carboxylgruppen, Epoxidgruppen, aliphatisch oder aromatisch gebundene Hydroxylgruppen, Isocyanatgruppen, blockierteBinder and hardener carry complementary reactive functional groups which allow a thermal crosslinking reaction of the powder coating, for example by condensation reactions and / or addition reactions. Examples of such functional groups are carboxyl groups, epoxy groups, aliphatic or aromatic hydroxyl groups, isocyanate groups, blocked
Isocyanatgruppen, Anhydridgruppen, primäre oder sekundäre Aminogruppen, geblockte Aminogruppen, zur ringöffnenden Addition befähigte N-heterocyclische Gruppen, wie z.B. Oxazolingruppen, (Meth)acryloylgrappen, CH-acide Gruppen wie z.B. Acetoacetatgruppen.Isocyanate groups, anhydride groups, primary or secondary amino groups, blocked amino groups, N-heterocyclic groups capable of ring-opening addition, such as e.g. Oxazoline groups, (meth) acryloyl groups, CH-acidic groups such as e.g. Acetoacetate groups.
Die Auswahl der miteinander reagierenden Gruppen ist dem Fachmann geläufig. Es können gegebenenfalls verschiedene reaktive Gruppen miteinander kombiniert werden. Das kann über Bindemittel geschehen, die verschiedene reaktive funktionelle Gruppen tragen, oder es werden Gemische von unterschiedlichen Hartem und/oder Bindemitteln eingesetzt.The selection of the groups which react with one another is familiar to the person skilled in the art. Different reactive groups can optionally be combined with one another become. This can be done using binders that carry different reactive functional groups, or mixtures of different hardness and / or binders are used.
Die verschiedenen funktionellen Gruppen können zugleich am Bindemittel und/oder Härter vorhanden sein. Die Bindemittel sowie auch Härter enthalten im Mittel mindestens 2 funktionelle Gruppen pro Molekül. Das Verhältnis von Bindemittel zu Härter beträgt im allgemeinen beispielsweise 98 : 2 bis 50 : 50. Bevorzugt liegt es zwischen 95 : 5 und 70 : 30.The various functional groups can be present on the binder and / or hardener at the same time. The binders and hardeners contain on average at least 2 functional groups per molecule. The ratio of binder to hardener is generally, for example, 98: 2 to 50:50. It is preferably between 95: 5 and 70:30.
Beispiele für in Pulverlacken übliche Bindemittel/Härter-Systeme sind Polyesterharze mit niedermolekularen Epoxid- oder Hydroxyalkylamidhärtem, Epoxy /Polyester- Hybridsysteme, Epoxidharze mit Dicyandiamidhärtern, Carbonsäurehärtern oder phenolischen Härtern, hydroxyfunktionelle Polyester oder (Meth)acrylcopolymere mit blockierten Polyisocyanaten, epoxidfunktionelle (Mefh)acrylcopolymere mitExamples of binder / hardener systems customary in powder coatings are polyester resins with low molecular weight epoxy or hydroxyalkylamide hardeners, epoxy / polyester hybrid systems, epoxy resins with dicyandiamide hardeners, carboxylic acid hardeners or phenolic hardeners, hydroxy-functional polyesters or (meth) acrylic copolymers with blocked polyisocyanates (epoxy) copolymers (epoxy-functional), epoxy-functional copolymers With
Carbonsäure- oder Carbonsäureanhydrid-Härtern.Carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid anhydride hardeners.
Insbesondere im Falle der Reparatur von Fehlstellen in äußeren, sichtbaren, eingebrannten Klarlacküberzügen werden im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren als Reparaturlacke bevorzugt solche Pulverklarlacke eingesetzt, die als Bindemittel epoxidfunktionelle (Meth)acrylcopolymere, insbesondereIn particular in the case of the repair of defects in outer, visible, baked clear lacquer coatings, those powder clear lacquers are preferably used as repair lacquers in the process according to the invention which contain epoxy-functional (meth) acrylic copolymers, in particular as binders
Glycidyl(meth)acrylatcopolymere mit einem Epoxidäquivalentgewicht zwischen 250 und 700 und als Härter ein oder mehrere niedermolekulare und/oder polymere Verbindungen mit durchschnittlich 2 oder mehr Carboxylfunktionen pro Molekül und/oder Anhydride davon enthalten. Bevorzugte Härter sind feste aliphatischeContain glycidyl (meth) acrylate copolymers with an epoxy equivalent weight between 250 and 700 and as hardener one or more low molecular weight and / or polymeric compounds with an average of 2 or more carboxyl functions per molecule and / or anhydrides thereof. Solid aliphatic hardeners are preferred
Dicarbonsäuren und/oder deren Anhydride wie insbesondere Dodecandicarbonsäure, die auch im Gemisch mit carboxylfunktionellen Polyestern verwendet werden können.Dicarboxylic acids and / or their anhydrides such as, in particular, dodecanedicarboxylic acid, which can also be used in a mixture with carboxyl-functional polyesters.
Die im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Pulverlacke können übliche Pulverlackadditive in üblichen Mengenanteilen von beispielsweise 0J bis 5 Gew.-% enthalten. Beispiele für solche Additive sind Verlaufsmittel, Entgasungsmittel wie z.B. Benzoin, Antioxidantien, Lichtschutzmittel, Mattierungsmittel, färb- und/oder effektgebende anorganische und/oder organische Pigmente und/oder Füllstoffe, Farbstoffe, Haftvermittler, Gleitmittel, Katalysatoren sowie rheologiesteuemde Mittel.The powder coating materials used in the process according to the invention can contain conventional powder coating additives in customary proportions of, for example, 0J to 5% by weight. Examples of such additives are leveling agents, degassing agents such as benzoin, antioxidants, light stabilizers, matting agents, coloring and / or effect-giving inorganic and / or organic pigments and / or fillers, dyes, adhesion promoters, lubricants, catalysts and rheology control agents.
Werden deckende Pigmente oder Effektpigmente eingesetzt, so handelt es sich um zur Reparatur von Fehlstellen in färb- und/oder effektgebenden Lackschichten einsetzbareIf opaque pigments or effect pigments are used, they are used to repair defects in color and / or effect paint layers
Pulverlacküberzugsmittel. Werden keine oder farblose Pigmente, z.B. mikronisiertes Titandioxid oder Siliciumdioxid, eingesetzt, so handelt es sich um zur Reparatur von Fehlstellen in Klarlackschichten einsetzbare Pulverklarlacküberzugsmittel.Powder coating agent. If no or colorless pigments, e.g. Micronized titanium dioxide or silicon dioxide are used, so these are powder clear lacquer coating materials which can be used to repair defects in clear lacquer layers.
Die Herstellung der im erfmdungsgemäßen Verfahren als Reparaturlack eingesetztenThe production of the repair paint used in the process according to the invention
Pulverlacke kann nach den üblichen Methoden zur Herstellung von Pulverlacken erfolgen, beispielsweise durch Extrudieren des durch trockenes Mischen aller benötigten Komponenten fertig formulierten Pulverlackes in Form einer pastösen Schmelze, Abkühlen der Schmelze, Grobzerkleinerung, Feinmahlung und gegebenenfalls nachgeschaltetes Sieben auf gewünschte Kornfeinheit, beispielsweise auf mittlere Teilchengrößen von 10 bis 90 μm.Powder coatings can be carried out by the customary methods for producing powder coatings, for example by extruding the powder coating formulated in the form of a paste-like melt by dry mixing all the necessary components, cooling the melt, coarse comminution, fine grinding and, if appropriate, subsequent sieving to the desired particle size, for example to medium particle sizes from 10 to 90 μm.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren kann unter Verwendung von feinkörnigem Pulverlack, beispielsweise mit mittleren Teilchengrößen von 1 bis 40 μm durchgeführt werden. Feinkörniger Pulverlack oder Pulverlackfeinkorn kann gezielt hergestellt werden, fällt aber beispielsweise bei der Pulverlackproduktion oder bei der Pulverlackapplikation als an sich unerwünschtes Material an und kann somit im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren sinnvoll verwendet werden.The process according to the invention can be carried out using fine-grain powder coating material, for example with average particle sizes of 1 to 40 μm. Fine-grained powder coating or fine-grain powder coating can be produced in a targeted manner, but occurs, for example, in powder coating production or in powder coating application as an undesirable material per se and can therefore be used expediently in the process according to the invention.
Die Pulverlacke können auch als wäßrige Pulverlackslurry verwendet werden. Dazu können sie beispielsweise durch Trocken- oder Naßvermahlung oder durch intensives Dispergieren einer Pulverlackschmelze oder organischen Pulverlacklösung in Wasser in eine wäßrige Pulverlackslurry überführt werden, die gegebenenfalls durch Abdestillieren von organischem Lösemittel befreit werden kann.The powder coatings can also be used as an aqueous powder coating slurry. For this purpose, they can be converted into an aqueous powder coating slurry, for example by dry or wet grinding or by intensive dispersion of a powder coating melt or organic powder coating solution, which can optionally be freed from organic solvent by distillation.
Bevorzugt weisen die im erfmdungsgemäßen Verfahren eingesetzten Pulverlacke die gleiche Festkö erzusammensetzung auf wie der zuvor zur Herstellung der zu reparierenden, Fehlstellen aufweisenden Einbrennlackschicht eingesetzte Lack. Bevorzugt handelt es sich dabei um eine Reparatur von Fehlstellen in eingebrannten Pulverlackschichten. Dabei werden sowohl bei der Erstlackierung als auch bei der erfindungsgemäßen Reparaturlackierung Pulverlacke mit identischer Zusammensetzung verwendet. Dies ist insbesondere vorteilhaft bei der Reparatur vonThe powder coating materials used in the process according to the invention preferably have the same solid composition as that used to prepare the repairing, flawed enamel coating used. This is preferably a repair of defects in baked powder coating layers. Powder coatings with an identical composition are used both in the initial coating and in the refinishing according to the invention. This is particularly advantageous when repairing
Fehlstellen in äußeren, sichtbaren, eingebrannten Klarlackschichten. Beispielsweise weichen Eigenfarbe und Brechungsindex von Erst- und Reparaturlackierung dann nicht voneinander ab.Defects in outer, visible, burned-in clear lacquer layers. For example, the intrinsic color and refractive index of the initial and refinish painting do not differ from one another.
Im erfmdungsgemäßen Verfahren werden Fehlstellen in einer Einbrennlackierung unter Verwendung von Pulverlacken als Reparaturlacke repariert. Die Fehlstellen können direkt zur Reparaturlackierung bereit sein oder sie werden zur Reparaturlackierung vorbereitet, beispielsweise durch Schleifen, Fräsen oder Bearbeitung der Fehlstellen mit einem Laser. Im allgemeinen werden die Fehlstellen vor Auftrag des pulverförmigen Reparaturlacks zumindest gereinigt. Außerdem ist es zweckmäßig, die fehlerfrei beschichteten Flächenanteile der Oberfläche vor einer Verunreinigung zu schützen, beispielsweise durch Abdecken, Abkleben oder durch Aufbringung eines Abziehlackes um die zu reparierenden Fehlstellen.In the method according to the invention, defects in a stove enamelling are repaired using powder coatings as repair lacquers. The defects can be ready for refinishing or they can be prepared for refinishing, for example by grinding, milling or machining the defects with a laser. In general, the defects are at least cleaned before applying the powdered repair lacquer. In addition, it is expedient to protect the flawlessly coated areas of the surface from contamination, for example by covering, masking or by applying a peelable varnish around the defects to be repaired.
Die zur Reparaturlackierung bereiten Fehlstellen können unabhängig davon, ob sie sich auf horizontalen oder vertikalen Flächen befinden mit dem Pulverlacküberzugsmittel beschichtet werden, beispielsweise mechanisch, beispielsweise durch Aufstreuen, Aufbürsten oder Aufpinseln oder die Applikation erfolgt durch Aufspritzen mit den dafür üblichen Applikationseinrichtungen. Das mechanische Aufbringen eignet sich insbesondere für feinkörniges Pulverlackmaterial.The defects that are ready for refinishing can be coated with the powder coating agent regardless of whether they are on horizontal or vertical surfaces, for example mechanically, for example by sprinkling, brushing or brushing, or the application is carried out by spraying on with the customary application devices. Mechanical application is particularly suitable for fine-grained powder coating material.
Das Aufspritzen kann beispielsweise elektrostatisch unterstützt erfolgen, z.B. mit Hilfe von Corona- oder Tribo-Sprühorganen.The spraying can be carried out, for example, with electrostatic assistance, e.g. with the help of corona or tribo spray organs.
Im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren wird nach der Applikation des Pulverlacks oder nach Applikation und Trocknung der wäßrigen Pulverlackslurry die auf die Fehlstelle aufgebrachte Pulverlackzusammensetzung durch Bestrahlen mit NIR-Strahlung, bevorzugt mit NIR-Strahlung hoher Intensität, aufgeschmolzen und ausgehärtet. Bei NIR-Strahlung handelt es sich um kurzwellige Infrarot- Strahlung des Wellenlängenbereichs von etwa 760 bis etwa 1500 nm, bevorzugt 760 bis 12O0 nm". Strahlungsquellen für NIR-Strahlung sind beispielsweise übliche energiereiche NIR- Strahler, die flächig, oder linien- oder punktförmig fokussiert abstrahlen können. Derartige NIR-Strahler sind kommerziell erhältlich (beispielsweise von der FirmaIn the process according to the invention, after the application of the powder coating or after application and drying of the aqueous powder coating slurry, the powder coating composition applied to the defect is melted and cured by irradiation with NIR radiation, preferably with high-intensity NIR radiation. at NIR radiation is short-wave infrared radiation in the wavelength range from approximately 760 to approximately 1500 nm, preferably 760 to 120 nm Such NIR emitters are commercially available (for example from the company
Industrie SerVis). Es handelt sich beispielsweise um Hochleistungshalogenstrahler mit einer Strahlungsdichte von im allgemeinen mehr als 1 W/cm2, bevorzugt mehr als 10 W/cm2, bis beispielsweise 15 MW/m2. Die Strahler erreichen beispielsweise eine Strahleroberflächentemperatur (Glühwendeltemperatur) zwischen 2000 und 3000 K. Geeignete Strahler weisen beispielsweise ein Emissionsspektrum mit einem Maximum zwischen 750 und 1200 nm auf.Industry SerVis). These are, for example, high-performance halogen lamps with a radiation density of generally more than 1 W / cm 2 , preferably more than 10 W / cm 2 , for example up to 15 MW / m 2 . The emitters, for example, reach an emitter surface temperature (filament temperature) between 2000 and 3000 K. Suitable emitters have, for example, an emission spectrum with a maximum between 750 and 1200 nm.
Der Bestrahlungszeitraum beträgt im erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren beispielsweise 1 bis 300 Sekunden. Bei der Bestrahlung schmilzt der zur Ausbesserung der Fehlstelle aufgebrachte Pulverlack auf und härtet zum Beispiel innerhalb von 1 bis 300The irradiation period in the method according to the invention is, for example, 1 to 300 seconds. During the irradiation, the powder coating applied to repair the defect melts and hardens within 1 to 300, for example
Sekunden, bevorzugt innerhalb von 5 bis 60 Sekunden aus.Seconds, preferably within 5 to 60 seconds.
Die Bestrahlung kann in einer mit einem oder mehreren NIR-Strahlern ausgerüsteten Bandanlage oder mit einem NIR-Strahler, der vor dem zu bestrahlenden Objekt bzw. der zu bestrahlenden Stelle positioniert wird, durchgeführt werden.The irradiation can be carried out in a belt system equipped with one or more NIR emitters or with an NIR emitter which is positioned in front of the object or the site to be irradiated.
Die erstgenannte Möglichkeit bietet sich beispielsweise an bei der Reparaturlackiemng von Einzelteilen oder von Objekten, bei denen in einem Schritt mehrere Fehlstellen repariert werden sollen. Dabei können die Bandgeschwindigkeit und damit die Bestrahlungsdauer variiert werden. Beispielsweise können Bandgeschwindigkeiten vonThe first option is useful, for example, when refinishing individual parts or objects in which several defects are to be repaired in one step. The belt speed and thus the irradiation time can be varied. For example, belt speeds of
1 bis 7 m/min eingestellt werden, was beispielsweise Bestrahlungszeiten von 2 bis 20 Sekunden entsprechen kann. Der Abstand zwischen NIR-Strahler und Objektoberfläche kann z.B. 1 bis 60 cm, bevorzugt 4 bis 20 cm betragen.1 to 7 m / min can be set, which can correspond, for example, to irradiation times of 2 to 20 seconds. The distance between the NIR emitter and the object surface can e.g. 1 to 60 cm, preferably 4 to 20 cm.
Bei der zweiten Möglichkeit wird der NIR-Strahler vor dem zu bestrahlenden Objekt bzw. der zu bestrahlenden Stelle positioniert. Die Bestrahlungsdauer kann z.B. 1 bis 300 Sekunden betragen, der Objektabstand z.B. 1 bis 60 cm, bevorzugt 4 bis 20 cm. Die verschiedenen Bestrahlungsparameter, wie Bandgeschwindigkeit bzw. Bestrahlungsdauer, Objektabstand, Strahlungsleistong des verwendeten NIR-Strahlers können vom Fachmann entsprechend den Bedürfnissen der jeweiligen Reparaturaufgabe angepaßt werden.In the second possibility, the NIR radiator is positioned in front of the object or location to be irradiated. The irradiation time can be, for example, 1 to 300 seconds, the object distance, for example, 1 to 60 cm, preferably 4 to 20 cm. The various irradiation parameters, such as belt speed or irradiation duration, object distance, radiation power of the NIR emitter used can be adapted by the person skilled in the art according to the needs of the respective repair task.
Es ist auch möglich zur Aushärtung eine Kombination aus NIR-Bestrahlung und Wärmezufuhr mittels konventionellen Wärmequellen wie Konvektionsöfen oder gewöhnlichen längerwelligen Infrarotstrahlern einzusetzen.It is also possible to use a combination of NIR radiation and heat supply by means of conventional heat sources such as convection ovens or conventional longer-wave infrared emitters for curing.
Nach der Aushärtung des zur Ausbessemng von Fehlstellen aufgebrachten Pulverlacks durch NIR-Bestrahlung kann es zweckmäßig sein, die reparierte Stelle zu glätten, beispielsweise durch Polieren.After the powder coating applied to repair imperfections has hardened by means of NIR radiation, it may be expedient to smooth the repaired area, for example by polishing.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren können Fehlstellen in einschichtigenWith the method according to the invention, imperfections can be made in one layer
Einbrennlackierungen repariert werden. Ebenso können mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Verfahren auch Fehlstellen in einer innerhalb einer Mehrschichtlackierung angeordneten Einbrennlackschicht repariert werden. Dabei können zumindest zwei Fälle unterschieden werden:Stove enamels to be repaired. Defects in a stoving lacquer layer arranged within a multi-layer coating can also be repaired with the method according to the invention. At least two cases can be distinguished:
1. Applikation einer oder mehrerer unterer (substratnäherer) Lackschichten, gegebenenfalls Trocknung oder Härtung dieser, erfindungsgemäße Applikation von Pulverreparaturlack (oder wäßriger Pulverreparaturlackslurry), Aufschmelzen und Aushärtung der (getrockneten) Pulverlackschicht durch NIR- Bestrahlung, gegebenfalls Überlackierung mit weiteren Überzugsschichten.1. Application of one or more lower (closer to the substrate) lacquer layers, optionally drying or hardening them, application of powder repair lacquer (or aqueous powder repair lacquer slurry) according to the invention, melting and hardening of the (dried) powder lacquer layer by NIR radiation, optionally overcoating with further coating layers.
Beispielsweise im Falle einer zu reparierenden Fehlstelle innerhalb einer Klarlackschicht einer färb- und/oder effektgebenden Basislack-Klarlack- Zweischichtlackierung kann zunächst die färb- und/oder effektgebende Basislackschicht aus einem Basislacküberzugsmittel auf die zur Reparaturlackiemng bereite Fehlstelle der Einbrennlackiemng aufgetragen, gegebenenfalls abgelüftet und/ oder eingebrannt und danach ein Pulverklarlack aufgebracht und durch NIR-Bestrahlung aufgeschmolzen und ausgehärtet werden. . Erfindungsgemäße Applikation von Pulverreparaturlack (oderFor example, in the case of a defect to be repaired within a clear lacquer layer of a color and / or effect basecoat-clearcoat two-layer coating, the color and / or effect basecoat layer can first be applied from a basecoat coating agent to the flaw in the stoving lacquer ready for repair lacquering, if necessary ventilated and / or baked and then a clear powder coating is applied and melted and cured by NIR radiation. , Application of powder repair lacquer according to the invention (or
Pulverreparaturlackslurry) , Aufschmelzen und Aushärtung der (getrockneten) Pulverlackschicht durch NIR-Bestrahlung, gegebenfalls Überlackierung mit weiteren Überzugsschichten. Beispielsweise im Falle einer zu reparierendenPowder repair lacquer slurry), melting and hardening of the (dried) powder lacquer layer by NIR radiation, optionally overcoating with further coating layers. For example, in the case of one to be repaired
Fehlstelle innerhalb einer Füllerschicht wird ein Pulverfüller aufgebracht und durch NIR-Bestrahlung aufgeschmolzen und ausgehärtet, bevor beispielsweise mit Basislack und Klarlack überlackiert wird. Beispielsweise kann das Überlackieren mit Basislack und Klarlack im Rahmen der Erstlackierung oder im Rahmen einer Reparaturlackiemng am fertig erstlackierten Objekt stattfinden.A powder filler is applied to the defect in a filler layer and melted and hardened by NIR radiation before it is overcoated with basecoat and clearcoat, for example. For example, overpainting with basecoat and clearcoat can take place as part of the initial painting or as part of a refinishing on the object that has already been painted.
Ein anderes Beispiel ist eine zu reparierende Fehlstelle innerhalb einer Klarlackschicht einer färb- und/ oder effektgebenden Basislack-Klarlack- Zweischichtlackiemng. Hier kann auf die zur Reparatur bereite Fehlstelle, beispielsweise eine nicht bis auf die Basislackschicht oder noch tiefer ausgeschliffene Fehlstelle ein Pulverklarlack aufgebracht und durch NIR-Another example is a defect to be repaired within a clear lacquer layer of a color and / or effect basecoat-clear lacquer two-layer lacquer. Here, a powder clear coat can be applied to the flaw that is ready for repair, for example a flaw that is not sanded down to the basecoat layer or even deeper, and
Bestrahlung aufgeschmolzen und ausgehärtet werden.Radiation melted and cured.
Das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren gestattet die Reparaturlackiemng von Fehlstellen in Einbrennlackierungen, insbesondere innerhalb von unter Verwendung von Pulverlacken hergestellten Einbrennlackiemngen. Die eingangs beschriebenenThe method according to the invention permits the repair lacquering of defects in stoving lacquers, in particular within stoving lacquers produced using powder lacquers. The ones described at the beginning
Nachteile des Standes der Technik können vermieden werden. Das Verfahren ist geeignet zur Ausbesserungslackierung serienlackierter, industriell hergestellter Gegenstände, insbesondere ist es geeignet zur Reparatur von Fehlstellen innerhalb von im Rahmen der Automobil- oder Automobilteileserienlackiemng erzeugten Pulverlackschichten, insbesondere Pulverdeck- und Pulverklarlackschichten.Disadvantages of the prior art can be avoided. The method is suitable for touch-up painting of mass-produced, industrially manufactured objects, in particular it is suitable for repairing defects within powder coating layers, in particular powder topcoat and powder clearcoat layers, which are produced in the course of automobile or automotive part series coating.
Beispielexample
Auf einer Motorhaube mit einem typischen Serienlackierungsaufbau aus kathodisch abgeschiedener Grundierung, Füller-, Basislack- und abschließenderOn a bonnet with a typical serial painting structure made of cathodically deposited primer, filler, basecoat and final
Pulverklarlackschicht befindet sich ein Schmutzpartikel innerhalb der Pulverklarlackschicht. Das Schmutzpartikel wird durch Schleifen beseitigt, ohne in die Basislackschicht einzudringen. Es entsteht eine ca. 0,5 cm2 große, zur Reparatur bereite Fehlstelle in der Pulverklarlackschicht. Der zu reparierende Bereich wird von der fehlerfreien Oberfläche durch Abkleben mit hitzestabiler Folie abgegrenzt.Powder clearcoat is a dirt particle within the powder clearcoat. The dirt particle is removed by sanding without penetrating the basecoat. An approx. 0.5 cm 2 defect in the powder clear coat layer, ready for repair, is created. The area to be repaired is separated from the flawless surface by masking with heat-resistant film.
Auf die zur Reparatur bereite Fehlstelle wird durch elektrostatisches Spritzen der gleiche Pulverklarlack aufgetragen, wie der zuvor zur Herstellung der Erstlackiemng eingesetzte Pulverklarlack.The same powder clear coat as the powder clear coat previously used to produce the first coat is applied to the defect ready for repair by electrostatic spraying.
Im Abstand von 100 mm von der mit Pulverklarlack beschichteten Fehlstelle wird ein NIR-Strahler der Fa. Industrie SerVis positioniert. Es wird 8 Sekunden mit einer Leistung von 400 kW/m2 bestrahlt, innerhalb derer der Pulverklarlack aufschmilzt und vollständig aushärtet.An NIR emitter from Industrie SerVis is positioned at a distance of 100 mm from the defect coated with powder clear lacquer. It is irradiated for 8 seconds with a power of 400 kW / m 2 , within which the powder clear lacquer melts and hardens completely.
Anschließend wird die Abdeckfolie entfernt und die reparierte Stelle wird unter Verwendung einer handelsüblichen Schleifpaste kleinflächig poliert. The cover sheet is then removed and the repaired area is polished over a small area using a commercially available grinding paste.

Claims

Patentansprüche: Claims:
1. Verfahren zur Reparatur von Fehlstellen in einer Einbrennlackiemng, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zur Reparaturlackiemng bereite Fehlstelle mit einem Pulverlacküberzugsmittel oder einer wäßrigen Pulverlackslurry beschichtet wird und der aufgebrachte Pulverlack anschließend durch Bestrahlen mit Nahinfrarot- Strahlung (NIR) aufgeschmolzen und ausgehärtet wird.1. A method for repairing defects in a stoving lacquer, characterized in that the defect ready for repair lacquering is coated with a powder coating agent or an aqueous powder lacquer slurry, and the powder lacquer applied is then melted and cured by irradiation with near-infrared radiation (NIR).
2. Verfahren nach Anspmch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zur Reparatur von Fehlstellen innerhalb eingebrannter, aus Pulverlacken ersteller Überzugs schichten durchgeführt wird.2. The method according to Anspmch 1, characterized in that it is carried out for repairing imperfections within baked coating layers made from powder coatings.
3. Verfahren nach Anspmch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zur Reparatur von Fehlstellen innerhalb von auf Kraftfahrzeugen und deren Teilen aufgebrachten Einbrennlackiemngen durchgeführt wird.3. The method according to Anspmch 1 or 2, characterized in that it is carried out for repairing defects within baked enamel coatings applied to motor vehicles and their parts.
4. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es zur Reparatur von Fehlstellen in äußeren, sichtbaren, eingebrannten Klarlackschichten durchgeführt wird.4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is carried out to repair defects in outer, visible, baked clear lacquer layers.
5. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Fehlstellen zur Reparaturlackiemng vorbereitet werden, insbesondere durch5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the defects are prepared for refinishing, in particular by
Schleifen, Fräsen, Bearbeitung der Fehlstellen mit einem Laser und/oder Reinigen.Grinding, milling, machining the defects with a laser and / or cleaning.
6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bestrahlung mit NIR-Strahlung im Wellenlängenbereich von 760 bis 1500 nm erfolgt.6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the irradiation with NIR radiation takes place in the wavelength range from 760 to 1500 nm.
7. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß NIR- Strahler verwendet werden, die zur Anpassung an die zu reparierende Fehlstelle flächig, oder linien- oder punktförmig fokussiert abstrahlen können.7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that NIR Spotlights are used that can radiate to adapt to the defect to be repaired over a large area, or with a line or point focus.
8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die NIR-Bestrahlung kombiniert mit konventionellen Wärmequellen durchgeführt wird.8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the NIR radiation is carried out in combination with conventional heat sources.
9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß es mit einem Pulverlack oder einer wäßrigen Pulverlackslurry durchgeführt wird, die die gleiche Festkörperzusammensetzung aufweisen, wie der zuvor zur9. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it is carried out with a powder coating or an aqueous powder coating slurry, which have the same solid composition as that previously for
Herstellung der zu reparierenden, Fehlstellen aufweisenden Einbrennlackschicht eingesetzte Lack. Production of the lacquer to be repaired, which has flaws in the stoving lacquer layer.
EP00938741A 1999-06-14 2000-06-05 Method for refinishing defects in stoved enamels with powder coatings Expired - Lifetime EP1192013B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19927041A DE19927041A1 (en) 1999-06-14 1999-06-14 Process for refinishing defects in stoving paints with powder coatings
DE19927041 1999-06-14
PCT/EP2000/005092 WO2000076678A2 (en) 1999-06-14 2000-06-05 Method for refinishing defects in stoved enamels with powder coatings

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1192013A2 true EP1192013A2 (en) 2002-04-03
EP1192013B1 EP1192013B1 (en) 2003-10-01

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00938741A Expired - Lifetime EP1192013B1 (en) 1999-06-14 2000-06-05 Method for refinishing defects in stoved enamels with powder coatings

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US (1) US7018682B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1192013B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003501260A (en)
AT (1) ATE250985T1 (en)
AU (1) AU5401100A (en)
DE (2) DE19927041A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2203485T3 (en)
WO (1) WO2000076678A2 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JP2003501260A (en) 2003-01-14
US7018682B1 (en) 2006-03-28
WO2000076678A2 (en) 2000-12-21
EP1192013B1 (en) 2003-10-01
WO2000076678A3 (en) 2001-08-02
DE19927041A1 (en) 2000-12-21
ES2203485T3 (en) 2004-04-16
ATE250985T1 (en) 2003-10-15
DE50003913D1 (en) 2003-11-06
AU5401100A (en) 2001-01-02

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