EP1191285A1 - Heat shield panel, combustion chamber with inner lining and a gas turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a heat shield brick (1), in particular for lining a combustion chamber wall, with a hot side (3) which can be exposed to a hot medium, a wall side (5) opposite the hot side (3) and one on the hot side (3) and the wall side (5 ) adjacent peripheral side (7), which has a peripheral side surface (9). A tension element (11, 11A, 11B) which is pretensioned in the circumferential direction is provided on the circumferential side (7), a compressive stress being generated normal to the circumferential side surface. The invention further relates to a combustion chamber with a combustion chamber lining which has such heat shield bricks (1) and a gas turbine with a combustion chamber. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a heat shield brick, in particular for lining a combustion chamber wall, with a hot one Medium exposed hot side, one opposite the hot side Wall side and one on the hot side and the wall side adjacent perimeter side that is a perimeter face having. The invention further relates to a combustion chamber with an internal combustion chamber lining and a gas turbine.

A thermally and / or thermomechanically highly stressed Combustion chamber, such as a kiln, a hot gas duct or a combustion chamber of a gas turbine, in which a hot medium is generated and / or guided, is to protect against too high thermal stress with an appropriate lining Mistake. The lining usually consists of heat-resistant material and protects a wall of the combustion chamber before direct contact with the hot medium and the associated severe thermal stress.

U.S. Patent No. 4,840,131 relates to an attachment of ceramic lining elements on a wall of an oven. Here is a rail system, which is attached to the wall and has a plurality of ceramic rail elements, intended. Due to the rail system, the lining elements to be held on the wall. Between one Lining element and the wall of the furnace can be further ceramic layers may be provided, including a layer off loose, partially compressed ceramic fibers, these Layer at least about the same thickness as the ceramic Lining elements or has a greater thickness. The Lining elements have a rectangular shape planar surface and consist of a heat insulating refractory ceramic fiber material.

U.S. Patent 4,835,831 also deals with application a refractory lining on a wall of a Oven, especially a vertically arranged wall. On the Metallic wall of the furnace is made of glass, ceramic or Mineral fiber existing layer applied. This layer is by metal brackets or by glue on the wall attached. A wire mesh network is on this layer honeycomb mesh applied. The mesh network also serves securing the layer of ceramic fibers against a falling down. The layer attached in this way is by means of a suitable closed spraying method Refractory surface applied. With the described method is largely avoided during of the refractory particles struck upon spraying as with a direct spray on the refractory particles on the metallic wall would be the case.

A ceramic lining of the walls of thermally highly stressed combustion chambers, for example gas turbine combustion chambers, is described in EP 0 724 116 A2. The lining consists of wall elements made of high-temperature-resistant structural ceramics, such as silicon carbide (SiC) or silicon nitride (Si ₃ N ₄ ). The wall elements are mechanically fastened by means of a central fastening bolt to a metallic support structure (wall) of the combustion chamber. A thick thermal insulation layer is provided between the wall element and the wall of the combustion chamber, so that the wall element is appropriately spaced from the wall of the combustion chamber. The insulation layer, which is about three times thicker than the wall element, consists of ceramic fiber material that is prefabricated in blocks. The dimensions and the external shape of the wall elements can be adapted to the geometry of the room to be lined.

Another type of lining a thermally highly stressed Combustion chamber is specified in EP 0 419 487 B1. The Lining consists of heat shield elements that are mechanical are held on a metallic wall of the combustion chamber. The heat shield elements directly touch the metallic wall. To avoid excessive heating of the wall, e.g. due to a direct heat transfer from the heat shield element or by introducing hot medium into the through the adjacent heat shield elements are formed Column, that of the wall of the combustion chamber and the heat shield element formed space with cooling air, the so-called Sealing air applied. The sealing air prevents penetration from hot medium to wall and cools at the same time the wall and the heat shield element.

WO 99/47874 relates to a wall segment for a combustion chamber and a combustion chamber of a gas turbine. Here is a Wall segment for a combustion chamber, which with a hot Fluid, e.g. a hot gas that can be acted upon with a metallic one Support structure and one on the metallic support structure attached heat protection element specified. Between the metallic support structure and the heat protection element inserted a deformable separating layer, the possible relative movements of the heat protection element and the support structure and should compensate. Such relative movements can for example in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine, in particular an annular combustion chamber due to different thermal expansion behavior of the materials used or due to pulsations in the combustion chamber, which occurs during irregular combustion to generate the hot working medium or through resonance effects can arise. At the same time the separation layer that the relatively inelastic heat protection element overall more flat on the interface and the metallic support structure rests because the heat protection element partially penetrates the interface. The interface can cause production-related unevenness on the supporting structure and / or the heat protection element that is local to one compensate for unfavorable selective force input.

The invention is based on the observation that, in particular ceramic, heat shield stones
their necessary flexibility with regard to thermal expansion is often insufficiently secured against mechanical loads, such as shocks or vibrations.

The invention is accordingly based on the object Heat shield stone indicate, which both with regard unlimited thermal expansion as well stability against mechanical, especially shock-like, Guarantees high operational reliability. Another object of the invention is to provide a Combustion chamber with an internal combustion chamber lining as well the specification of a gas turbine with a combustion chamber.

The object directed at a heat shield stone is invented solved by a heat shield stone, in particular for lining a combustion chamber wall, with a hot one Medium exposed hot side, one opposite the hot side Wall side and one on the hot side and the wall side adjacent perimeter side that is a perimeter face has, characterized in that on the peripheral side a tension element biased in the circumferential direction is provided where a compressive stress is normal to the peripheral side surface is produced.

The invention shows a completely new concept, Heat shield stones against high accelerations as a result Securing shocks or vibrations permanently. The invention is already based on the knowledge that combustion chamber stones, as usually used to line a combustion chamber wall be used by stationary and / or transient Vibrations in the combustion chamber wall to corresponding Vibrations are excited. Here, especially in a resonance case, significant accelerations above one Limit acceleration occur, taking the heat shield stones lift off the combustion chamber wall and then again crack open. Such a serve on the massive or too partially dampened combustion chamber wall leads to very high forces on the heat shield stones and can cause considerable damage, e.g. Lead to breakage of this. Add to that the big one thermal stress on the heat shield stone due to the exposure of the heat shield stone with a hot medium in the Business. Both on the wall side and on the hot side of the heat shield brick, cracks can occur, whereby also the danger of material coming out of the heat shield brick consists. This leads to a considerable reduction the durability of a heat shield brick, especially because such cracks lead to a material breakdown and thus to breakage and thus failure of the entire heat shield brick being able to lead. As a result, there is a risk that Fragments get into the combustion chamber and other components the combustion chamber or, for example when used in a Gas turbine, the sensitive blading area with turbine blades massively damage.

With the proposed heat shield stone with one on the circumferential side tensile element preloaded in the circumferential direction For the first time, an extremely efficient and long-term stable backup specified for a heat shield stone. The tension element is biased in the circumferential direction, with a certain compressive stress is generated normal to the circumferential side surface. Through this Normal force towards the inside of the heat shield brick in the center is the heat shield stone already secured with very low normal forces. This causes a material crack, for example as a result effectively countered a shock load. Existing Material cracks can occur with an appropriate arrangement and design of the tension element not or only to a limited extent educate or expand. The tension element holds the Heat shield stone together, so to speak, and secures it on the one hand against material cracks and, on the other hand, above all compared to a complete material breakdown. additionally the risk of loosening or falling out of smaller or larger fragments in the event of a possible Effectively countered material tear.

By providing the tension element on the circumferential side of the Heat shield stones are advantageously vibrations and / or shock loads with a component normal to the peripheral side surface attenuated. With an appropriate design and the choice of material for the tension element can be the damping constant adjusted according to the occurring loads become. Such shock loads normal to the circumferential side surface can, for example, when arranging several heat shield stones due to the relative movement of adjacent heat shield stones occur. This damping can be used for a longer period of the heat shield stone can be guaranteed.

Increasing passive safety is particularly advantageous of the combustion chamber stone compared to the conventional designs. A material tear or tear is countered, whereby in the event of a tear, a detachment of Fragments of the combustion chamber stone are largely prevented.

By designing the heat shield brick with the tension element there is still the advantage of a problem-free Prefabrication and easy assembly of the heat shield brick, for example for mounting in a combustion chamber wall. The tension element is simply attached to the circumferential side and preloaded in the circumferential direction depending on the requirement. Separate damping and / or securing elements, such as to find them in addition with conventional heat shield stones are required over the heat shield brick of the invention a considerably larger assembly and adjustment effort. At a The heat shield stone may only need to be revised be replaced, but not additional securing elements. This high flexibility on the one hand and the achievable Durability of the heat shield brick on the other hand are also from an economic point of view special advantage. In particular, revision or maintenance intervals for the heat shield stone, for example with a Use in a combustion chamber of a gas turbine are extended. In the event of a broken heat shield brick operation for the revision of the system was not immediately discontinued be because of the increased passive safety continued operation up to the regular revision interval or beyond that.

Advantageously, the compressive stress is normal to the peripheral side surface is generated by appropriate bias of the tension element adjustable.

In a preferred embodiment, the tension element extends at least in regions in the circumferential direction. As a result of respective geometry of the heat shield brick, for example in Shape of prisms with a polygonal base, can on the peripheral side that has the peripheral side surface, different areas can be formed. So that the tension element for Increase the passive safety of the combustion chamber brick Can fully unfold effect, it makes sense that the tension element at least in certain areas, in particular also across areas, extends in the circumferential direction. So can a corresponding compressive stress in an area normal to Circumferential side surface are generated.

A plurality of tension elements are preferably provided. The order and design of the tension elements on the peripheral side can be very flexible by using several pulling elements be made. By using multiple tension elements can be critical areas of the heat shield brick, for example Corners or edges in which a tear or breakthrough or would be expected to remove any fragments, be backed up in a targeted manner. The operational safety of the heat shield brick is thereby further increased.

In a particularly preferred embodiment, encloses Tension element the peripheral side surface completely. Through this Configuration becomes a securing normal force on the peripheral side surface over the entire circumference of the heat shield brick guaranteed. It becomes a closed one, so to speak Ring closure reached, with the heat shield stone as a whole through the locally directed inside the heat shield stone Forces are extensively passively secured in an advantageous manner is. Such a tension element, which the peripheral side surface completely encloses this can guarantee. Depending on the load, however, several of these are complete traction elements enclosing the peripheral side surface mountable.

The tension element preferably surrounds the peripheral surface several times. A tensile element enclosing the peripheral surface several times increases the securing effect of the tension element accordingly many times, the normal to the circumferential side surface increase directed security forces. Through this several times The traction element forms a multiple, so to speak Reinforcement of the heat shield brick on the peripheral side. This multiple protection ensures particularly high operational reliability achieved with those already discussed above economic benefits.

More preferably, the peripheral side has a peripheral groove, in which the tension element engages. The circumferential groove is there advantageously over the entire circumference on the circumferential side formed, for example by appropriate material-removing Processing the heat shield brick or by shaping the circumferential groove in the manufacture of the heat shield brick from a, for example ceramic, molding compound. By the Engagement of the tension element in the circumferential groove is a very effective one Heat shield stone protection reached, in addition the tensile element in the circumferential groove before direct loading with a hot gas, as provided in the operating case is protected. Furthermore, the circumferential groove forms a Fall-out protection for the tension element or, if several Tension elements are used for the in the circumferential groove engaging tension elements. Advantageously extends the circumferential groove over the entire circumference of the heat shield brick. In an alternative embodiment, however, it is also possible that the circumferential groove is not over the full circumference of the heat shield stone is formed, but only in a selectable section of the peripheral page.

More preferably, at least one further circumferential groove is provided, which is spaced from the circumferential groove, wherein a tension element engages in the further circumferential groove. The circumferential groove can, for example, on the hot side of the combustion chamber brick facing end of the circumferential side may be provided, while the further circumferential groove on the side facing the wall End of the peripheral page is provided. A multiple backup with circumferential grooves, in each of which at least one tension element intervenes, this ensures that the for a perceived advantages accordingly in result more intensely.

The tension element is preferably in the form of a cord or band, in particular braided or woven, designed. For application an adjustable tensile force by means of preload Cord or the tape optionally have a certain elasticity. A wire or wire mesh can also be used as a tension element Question. Thus, the traction element can be largely conventional available intermediate products can be used, which the Realization of the heat shield brick with the tension element facilitated and also in terms of cost very limited use makes it seem interesting.

Retrofitting is also advantageously more conventional Heat shield stones possible according to the new concept. The Tension elements in the form of a cord or a band, which For example, braided or woven can easily Applied to existing conventional heat shield stones become.

In a preferred embodiment, the tension element consists of a ceramic material, in particular of a ceramic fiber material. Ceramic material is resistant to high temperatures and is resistant to oxidation and / or corrosion and is therefore ideally suited for use with a heat shield brick in a combustion chamber. Cords and / or tapes preferably consist of ceramic fibers which are suitable for use at up to 1200 ° C. The chemical composition of these fibers is, for example, 62% by weight of Al ₂ O ₃ , 24% by weight of SiO ₂ and 14% by weight of B ₂ O ₃ . The fibers are composed of a large number of individual filaments, the filaments having a diameter of approximately 10 to 12 μm. The maximum crystallite size for these ceramic fibers is typically 500 nm. The ceramic fiber material can be used to easily produce fabrics, knitted fabrics or braids of the desired size and thickness, or else cords or ribbons. With a tension element designed in this way, a permanent securing of the heat shield brick is ensured even at very high operating temperatures, such as occur, for example, in a combustion chamber of a gas turbine.

The traction element is preferably at least partially with the heat shield brick bonded. Through the glue an additional Securing the tension element against a possible one Removed reached and the durability accordingly elevated. When gluing the tension element to the heat shield brick, can be a conventional adhesive as well as a high temperature resistant adhesive are used. Can too Silicate-based adhesives are used, which are excellent Adhesive properties and great temperature resistance exhibit. It proves to be particularly advantageous with the Connection the use of ceramic or metallic Materials for the tension element, especially in the case of a ceramic one Cord or a ceramic tape because of this the fabric structure has a certain air permeability has (porosity), which is a good connection of the tension element transported with the heat shield stone. The gluing is special effective if configured with a circumferential groove is selected, in which a tension element engages. This can the adhesive can be inserted into the circumferential groove for gluing, whereby a particularly secure connection can be established is. The adhesive can be locally at different Places the circumferential groove or the circumferential groove, for example in the bottom of the groove, in areas or completely wet. The traction element is, so to speak, glued integral part of the heat shield stone, the Removable gluing or, if desired, for a revision case can be carried out inextricably.

The heat shield brick preferably consists of a ceramic Base material, in particular made of a refractory ceramic. By the choice of a ceramic as the base material for the heat shield brick is the use of the heat shield stone up to very high Guaranteed temperatures, while being oxidative and / or corrosive attacks, such as those applied the hot side of the heat shield brick with a hot medium, e.g. a hot gas, largely harmless to are the heat shield stone. The tension element is advantageous with the ceramic base material of the heat shield brick easy to connect. The fixed connection can also, as already addressed above, designed as a releasable connection his. In addition to gluing, attaching is also an option the tension element by means of suitable fastening elements the circumferential side, e.g. by bracketing or by a screw connection. By choosing a tension element, which consists at least partially of a ceramic material, is also a good adaptation to the ceramic base material of the heat shield brick with regard to the thermomechanical properties reached. Through the fixed connection of the tension element with the base material, the heat shield brick is advantageous designed in a kind of composite with the tension element. This is a compact design and structure of the Heat shield stones given an extraordinarily large Durability and passive safety even with large ones has thermal and / or mechanical loads. This is of great advantage when using the heat shield brick in a combustion chamber because even after a crack or material tear through the heat shield function of the heat shield brick is still guaranteed, especially safe no fragments can get into the combustion chamber.

Economically, this has the advantage on the one hand that in normal operation no extraordinary maintenance and / or revision of a heat shield stone Combustion chamber is required. On the other hand, the heat shield stone in the event of special occurrences of emergency running properties, so consequential damage to a turbine, for example blading can be avoided. The Combustion chamber can at least with the usual maintenance cycles operated, but also an extension of Downtimes due to the increased passive with the traction element Security can be achieved.

The object directed to a combustion chamber is achieved according to the invention solved by a combustion chamber with an inner combustion chamber lining, the heat shield stones according to the above Has designs.

The object directed to a gas turbine is achieved according to the invention solved by a gas turbine with such a combustion chamber.

The advantages of such a combustion chamber or such Gas turbine arise in accordance with the explanations for the Heat shield block.

FIG 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Hitzeschildsteins mit Zugelement,

FIG 2

eine Draufsicht auf die Heißseite des Hitzeschildsteins der FIG 1,

FIG 3

in einer perspektivischen Darstellung einen gegenüber FIG 1 modifizierten Hitzeschildstein,

FIG 4 bis FIG 6

jeweils eine Ansicht eines Hitzeschildsteins mit gegenüber den Figuren 1 bis 3 modifizierten Anordnung des Zugelements,

FIG 7

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines Hitzeschildsteins mit Umfangsnut,

FIG 8 und FIG 9

jeweils eine Schnittansicht eines Hitzeschildsteins mit Varianten bezüglich der Umfangsnut,

FIG 10

eine Anordnung mit zwei Hitzeschildsteinen,

FIG 11

eine Draufsicht auf eine Anordnung von Hitzeschildsteinen an einer Tragwand, und

FIG 12

einen stark vereinfachten Längsschnitt durch eine Gasturbine.

The invention is explained in more detail by way of example with reference to the drawing. They show schematically and partially simplified:

FIG. 1

a perspective view of a heat shield brick with tension element,

FIG 2

2 shows a top view of the hot side of the heat shield brick of FIG. 1,

FIG 3

1 shows a perspective view of a heat shield brick modified compared to FIG. 1,

4 to 6

in each case a view of a heat shield brick with an arrangement of the traction element modified compared to FIGS. 1 to 3,

FIG 7

2 shows a perspective view of a heat shield brick with a circumferential groove,

8 and 9

each a sectional view of a heat shield brick with variants relating to the circumferential groove,

FIG 10

an arrangement with two heat shield stones,

FIG 11

a plan view of an arrangement of heat shield stones on a supporting wall, and

FIG 12

a greatly simplified longitudinal section through a gas turbine.

The same reference numerals have in the different figures same meaning.

1 shows a perspective view of a heat shield brick 1. The heat shield brick 1 has a hot side 3 and a wall side 5 opposite the hot side 3. A peripheral side borders on the hot side 3 and the wall side 5 7 of the heat shield stone 1. The peripheral side 7 points a peripheral side surface 9. The hot side 3 is in use the heat shield brick with a hot medium, for example a hot gas. On the circumference 7 of the heat shield brick 1 is a circumferentially preloaded tension element 11 is provided. The tension element is biased such that compressive stress is normal to the peripheral side surface 9 is generated. To create a preload in the circumferential direction, the tension element can have a certain Have elasticity. With the tension element 11 is a clear one Increasing passive safety and thus durability the heat shield brick 1 when used in a combustion chamber, for example in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine.

As in FIG. 2, which is a top view of the one shown in FIG Shows heat shield stone on hot side 3, clarifies is the tension element 11 over the full circumference of the heat shield brick 1 attached to the circumferential side. Through the Bias of the tension element 11 in the circumferential direction Compression forces S1, S2, S3, S4 are generated normal to the peripheral side surface 9. The compressive forces S1 to S4 are inward into the Interior of the heat shield brick 1 directed into it. In the present The heat shield brick 1 is cuboid, here with designed a square base. Through the ring closure due to the arrangement of the tension element 11 over the entire The circumference of the heat shield brick 1 is on each side surface of the cuboid heat shield brick 1 each resulting pressure force S1 to S4 generated. This is the Heat shield stone 1 against the risk of cracking or Crack spread on the hot side 3, the wall side 5 or the circumferential side 7 largely protected. Through the ring closure is a detachment, especially if the material is torn of material from the heat shield brick 1 prevented. The durability of the heat shield brick 1 is thereby increased, so that a revision even with a material breakdown the heat shield stone 1 is not required, but the usual revision and maintenance cycles or longer ones Intervals can be achieved. By the tension element 11 is in The heat shield brick 1 is secured in the event of a crack or collapse, because removing fragments only takes a lot of work possible from the composite of the heat shield stone 1 is. The compressive forces S1 induced by the tension element 11 to S4 hold the heat shield brick 1 together permanently. The Tension element 11 is in the present example of a band-shaped Geometry. The tension element 11 can in particular be braided or be woven.

3 shows a perspective view of a heat shield brick 1, with the heat shield stone 1 opposite 1 shows a first tension element 11A and a second tension element 11B. The tension elements 11A, 11B are provided on the peripheral side 7 and in each case in Preloaded circumferential direction so that a compressive stress is normal to the peripheral side surface 9 is generated. The first tension element 11A is at the end of the peripheral side facing the hot side 3 7 arranged. The tension element 11B is on the Wall side 5 associated end of the peripheral side 7 is arranged. Through this double protection with two over the full extent of the heat shield brick 1 prestressed tension elements 11A, 11B can both in the area of the hot side 3 and in the area the wall side 5 normal to the circumferential side surface due to the compressive forces 9 a removal of possible fragments as a result Impact fracture thermally induced cracking on the wall side 5 or the hot side 3 can be safely avoided.

In Figures 4 to 6 are different views of one Heat shield stone 1 shown. 4 shows a first side view, 5 shows a second side view rotated by 90 °, 6 shows a plan view of the hot side 3 of the Heat shield stone 1 shows. There are four tension elements 11A, 11B, 11C, 11D are provided, each under tension on the peripheral side 7 are attached. Each of the tension members 11A to 11D extends over three of the four side surfaces of the cuboid Heat shield block. The tension elements 11A, 11B are at the end of the peripheral side 7 facing the hot side 3 intended. The tension elements 11C, 11D are on the wall side 5 facing end of the circumferential side 7 is arranged. In your Overall effect results from the arrangement by the tension elements 11A to 11D a ring closure over the entire circumferential side surface 9 of the heat shield brick 1 (see FIG. 6), see above that each of the four the circumferential side 7 of the cuboid heat shield brick 1 side surfaces forming a compressive stress experienced normal to the peripheral side surface 9. Through this configuration is a certain material saving in the tension elements 11A to 11D can be achieved with almost the same securing effect against the risk of breakage, such as that shown in FIG Configuration.

7 shows a perspective view of a heat shield brick 1 with modified compared to Figures 1 to 6 Design. The heat shield brick 1 has on the peripheral side 7 a circumferential groove 13. The circumferential groove 13 is over formed the entire circumference of the heat shield brick 1. In the circumferential groove 13 engages a tension element 11. The tension element 11 in the circumferential groove 13 encloses the circumferential side surface 9 double. It is also possible for the tension element 11 the peripheral side surface 9 several times, in particular three or fourfold, encloses (see FIG 8 to 10). By the intervention of the tension element 11 in the circumferential groove 13 is next to an increase the passive safety of the heat shield brick 1 the traction element 11 protected. For example, when using the Heat shield stone 1 in a combustion chamber a direct application of the tension element 11 with a hot, corrosive or oxidative gas, prevented by the engagement in the groove 13 become.

8 and 9 each show a sectional view of a heat shield brick 1 shown. The heat shield stone 1 of FIG. 8 has a circumferential groove 13, while the heat shield brick 1 9 shows a circumferential groove 13A and a further circumferential groove 13B. Each engages in the circumferential grooves 13, 13A, 13B a respective tension element 11, 11A, 11B. The tension elements 11A, 11B, 11C enclose the peripheral side surface 9 multiple. The tension element 11 encloses in the circumferential groove 13 the peripheral side surface 9 triple (FIG 8), while the tension element 11A the circumferential side surface 9 fourfold and the tension element 11B encloses the peripheral side surface 9 in triplicate. Through this multiple securing by tension elements 11, 11A, 11B is a particularly effective protection of the heat shield stone in operation if there is a risk of breakage, cracking or material tear guaranteed. The heat shield brick 1 is here from a ceramic base material 19, in particular one Refractory ceramic. The tension elements 11, 11A, 11B advantageously consist also made of a ceramic material 15, for example a ceramic fiber material which or is braided or woven in the form of a cord. This makes it easy to wrap the heat shield brick 1 with the tension elements 11, 11A, 11B with the application of a certain Preload possible in the circumferential direction. The engagement the tension elements 11, 11A, 11B into the respective circumferential groove 13, 13A, 13B also secures the tension elements 11, 11A, 11B a detachment.

In addition to the cuboid geometry of the heat shield stones shown 1 are also other prismatic geometries, with a Polygonal base, conceivable. The circumferential groove 13, 13A, 13B only partially enclose the peripheral side surface 9. The number and arrangement of circumferential grooves 13, 13A, 13B with tension elements 11, 11A, 11B engaging therein depends on the respective geometry and the load case of the heat shield brick 1 can be laid out.

10 shows an arrangement with a heat shield brick 1 and another heat shield brick 1A. The heat shield stones 1, 1A have a respective circumferential groove 13, 13A in which a respective tension element 11, 11A engages. to additional securing of the tension elements 11, 11A is each of the Traction elements 11, 11A at least partially with the respective Heat shield brick 1.1A glued using an adhesive 45. The Adhesive 45 provides a firm connection of the tension elements 11, 11A with the heat shield stones 1.1A in the respective circumferential groove 13.13A.

The arrangement of the heat shield brick 1 and the further heat shield brick 1A takes place here with the formation of a gap 35. The gap 35 is due to the multiple arrangement of the tension elements 11, 11A closed in the circumferential grooves 13, 13A in such a way that a possible flow when the Hot side 3 with a hot medium, for example one Hot gas, from an area facing the hot side 3 the gap 35 to an area assigned to the wall side 5 is largely prevented. By the tension elements 11, 11A are in the arrangement with the heat shield brick 1 and another heat shield brick 1A against overflow protected from hot gas. In addition to this sealing effect Heat shield stones 1.1A against relative movements along a horizontal shock axis 47 limited, in addition through the adjacently arranged tension elements 11, 11A of the respective heat shield stones 1, 1A in the area of the gap 35 shock absorption along the horizontal shock axis 47 is achieved is. This is of particular advantage when using the Heat shield stones 1.1A in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine, where vibrations due to combustion pulsations in the Combustion chamber can occur, and the risk of breakage consists.

The top view of an arrangement of a heat shield brick 1 and a further heat shield brick 1A is shown in FIG. 11. 11 shows a support structure 21, for example a support wall, incorporated into the mounting grooves 33 are. The fastening grooves 33 extend along a groove axis 43 in the support structure 21 respective fastening elements 23 is the heat shield brick 1 and the further heat shield brick 1A on the support structure 21 attached, the heat shield stones 1.1A along the groove axis 43 are arranged adjacent to each other. The Top view of FIG 11 shows a view of the heat shield stones 1.1A on the hot side 3, which in operation with a hot Gas, for example a combustion gas, is applied. Each of the heat shield stones 1.1A has a respective tension element 11.11A. The tension elements 11, 11A engage in a respective one Circumferential groove 13.13A of the heat shield stones 1.1A, wherein generates a compressive stress normal to the peripheral side surface 9 becomes. Such a support structure 21 with attached to it Heat shield stones 1.1A is, for example, in the combustion chamber a gas turbine used. This should be based on the following 12 are briefly discussed.

FIG 12 shows a highly schematic in a longitudinal section Gas turbine 27. Along a turbine axis 37 are on top of each other arranged as follows: a compressor 39, a combustion chamber 25 and a turbine part 41. The combustion chamber 25 is equipped with a Combustion chamber liner 29 lined on the inside. The combustion chamber lining 29 comprises a combustion chamber wall 31 which at the same time has a support structure 21 (cf. also FIG. 11). The combustor liner 29 further includes heat shield bricks 11, 11A, 11B which are fastened to the support structure 21. The heat shield stones 11, 11A, 11B are in accordance with the above Designs designed. Are in operation of the gas turbine 27 the heat shield stones 11, 11A, 11B with a hot medium M, in particular a hot gas. This leads to significant thermal loads on the hot side 3 of the heat shield stones 11,11a, 11B. Especially with a gas turbine 27 can it also causes significant vibration Combustion chamber hum is coming. In the event of a resonance, even jerky Acoustic combustion chamber vibrations with large vibration amplitudes occur. These vibrations lead to one considerable stress on the combustion chamber lining 29 and the components included, such as the supporting structure 21 and the heat shield stones 1.1A, 1B. By design the heat shield stones 1.1A, 1B with a respective The pulling element 11, 11A, 11B on the one hand prevents the risk of breakage and on the other hand in the event of breakage or cracking an emergency operation is ensured, so that the passive Safety compared to conventional heat shield stones 1, 1A, 1B is significantly increased. This results in a special one high insensitivity to the combustion chamber lining 29 Shocks or vibrations. One tension element 11, 11A, 11B heat shield stones 1.1A, 1B are both for an exposure to the high temperatures of a hot Medium M, for example up to 1400 ° C in a gas turbine 29, as well as against a high mechanical energy input permanently resistant due to shocks and / or vibrations.

Claims (13)

Heat shield brick (1.1A), in particular for lining a combustion chamber wall (31), with a hot side (3) which can be exposed to a hot medium (M), a wall side (5) opposite the hot side (3) and one on the hot side (3) and the wall side (5) adjoining the peripheral side (7), which has a peripheral side surface (9),
characterized in that a tensile element (11, 11A, 11B) which is pretensioned in the circumferential direction is provided on the circumferential side (7), a compressive stress (S1, S2, S3, S4) being generated normal to the circumferential side surface. Heat shield brick (1,1A) according to claim 1,
characterized in that the tension element (11, 11A, 11B) extends at least in regions in the circumferential direction. Heat shield brick according to claim 1 or 2,
characterized in that a plurality of tension elements (11, 11A, 11B) are provided. Heat shield brick (1,1A) according to claim 3,
characterized in that at least one tension element (11, 11A) completely surrounds the peripheral side surface (9). Heat shield brick (1,1A) according to claim 4,
characterized in that the tension element (11, 11A, 11B) encloses the peripheral side surface several times. Heat shield brick (1,1A) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the peripheral side (7) has a peripheral groove (13, 13A) into which a tension element (11, 11A) engages. Heat shield brick (1.1A) according to claim 6,
characterized in that at least one further circumferential groove (13B) is provided which is spaced apart from the circumferential groove (13A), a tension element (11A) engaging in the further circumferential groove (13B). Heat shield brick (1,1A) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the tension element (11, 11A, 11B) is designed as a cord or band, in particular braided or woven. Heat shield brick (1,1A) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the tension element (11, 11A, 11B) consists of a ceramic material (15), in particular of a ceramic fiber material. Heat shield brick (1,1A) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that the tension element is at least partially glued to the heat shield brick (1,1A). Heat shield brick (1,1A) according to one of the preceding claims,
characterized in that it consists of a ceramic base material (18), in particular of a refractory ceramic. Combustion chamber (25) with an internal combustion chamber lining (29), the heat shield stones (1,1A) according to one of the preceding Claims. Gas turbine (27) with a combustion chamber (25) according to claim 12th

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