EP1184521A1 - Improved modular and monocoque building structure - Google Patents

Abstract

The building, made from monoque concrete modules (A, B) in two or more storeys on foundations (1), has the modules connected by angle brackets (2) with metal rings (12) holding elastomer or polymer shock absorbing cylinders (5). The corners of the brackets have slots for metal keys fastening them to the concrete modules. Similar shock absorbers are fitted between ground floor modules and the foundations.

Description

The invention relates to an improvement to building structures. modular monohull.

It relates more particularly to the methods of assembly and maintenance of a building structure made up of at least two elements concrete monohulls, which can be combined in different ways to form a habitable structure on one or more levels.

The use of monocoque elements for the realization of surfaces habitable or useful is well known. In an elaborate form, these structures are modular, i.e. it is possible to associate multiple elements of the same type in different ways to form as many distinct structures.

For example, the document FR 84 0300 describes a modular structure, formed from simple monocoque elements, each comprising at minus a pass-through opening in one of the vertical walls.

The assembly is carried out by placing two elements side by side, such so that two openings match, and by making a joint in the passage area between the two openings.

The modularity is not total, since it will always take into account predefined openings in the elements, which therefore cannot be completely free and arbitrary.

This modality remains of very limited interest because the structure will not be better modular than in the horizontal plane, and from elements of very simplified basis.

In addition, it is not applicable to multi-level structures.

The use of superimposed monocoque elements, and no longer only arranged side by side, has very specific constraints.

It is no longer sufficient to ensure the seal between the different shells, for example by an appropriate jointing, to ensure stability and holding in time of the structure.

It is also necessary to prevent the risks of deformation or crushing, resulting from the stresses exerted by the elements of higher level on lower level items, and also absorb and disperse vibrations likely to affect the structure, whatever the direction and intensity, especially and especially in the junction areas between two superimposed elements.

Document FR 98 07135 in the name of the applicants thus describes a building composed of monocoque elements, which can be assembled choice of the user, in the horizontal plane or in the vertical plane, without however, it affects the qualities of resistance and finish of the whole.

This building consists of at least two monocoque elements in concrete, which can be placed side by side or one above the other at the user's choice, each monocoque element comprising its base means for absorbing vibrations.

These absorption means consist of a sleeve disposed between two superimposed monohull caissons, inside housings made of correspondence, respectively on the underside of the box upper level monohull and on the upper side of the box lower level monohull.

The sleeve is made up of an elastomer stud, the central part of which has several peripheral cylindrical recesses with parallel axes at the axis of the sleeve, a hole for the passage of a bolt allowing fix the monohull boxes which correspond to it, with a set of operation between the stud and the bolt or the rod, and a larger diameter formed around said orifice to oppose rupture concrete if the bolt is twisted.

The assembly thus produced makes it possible to accumulate and disperse all the vertical and horizontal oscillations, via a single stud arranged in the corner of each monohull.

This building structure brings very satisfactory results and constitutes significant progress compared to previous achievements, especially when superimposed non-perforated monohulls.

However, its application to multi-storey structures raises the problem of absorption of vibrational phenomena that can affect one of the monohulls within the ensemble.

In addition, when using monohulls with openings, which can be justified for particular reasons economical, the single corner stud will no longer be enough to absorb all vibrations and deformations in the event of a significant impact (7 or 8 on Richter scale), which therefore induces a risk of cracking of the slab in the central part of the boxes.

For example, in the case of a building made up of three or four levels each with four monohulls arranged side by side, there will be necessary to contain the isolated lateral movements of each of the superimposed boxes, so that the pendulum movement is distributed and affects the whole structure and not a part or a level only.

The invention proposes to solve this problem by proposing a improvement to modular monocoque building structures carried out according to the teachings of patent FR 98 07135, according to which secures the structure by means of connecting brackets positioned at floors between monohulls, and connecting squares to the foundation associated with the studs of the basic monohulls.

• la figure 1 est une vue éclatée en élévation montrant quatre monocoques assemblés avec les équerres de jonction positionnées,
• la figure 2 est une vue latérale en coupe de la structure représentée à la figure 1,
• la figure 3 est une vue du dessus de la fondation destinée à recevoir un monocoque,
• la figure 4 est une vue du dessous de la sous-face de la dalle du monocoque de base,
• la figure 5 est une vue en plan d'un monocoque ajouré,
• la figure 6 est une vue du dessus du monocoque représenté à la figure 5, avec implantation des manchons polymère de liaisonnement,
• la figure 7 est une vue éclatée en agrandissement du coin de la structure représentée à la figure 1, détaillant le dessus de la fondation et le dessous de la dalle du monocoque de base,
• la figure 8 est un éclaté complet représentant les équerres de jonction et les équerres de liaisonnement entre monocoques aux étages,
• la figure 9 illustre une première forme de réalisation de l'équerre de jonction,
• la figure 10 montre les manchons polymères prévus pour coopérer avec les équerres de jonction,
• la figure 11 est une vue du dessus de l'équerre de jonction représentée à la figure 9,
• la figure 12 montre une première forme de réalisation de la clé conçue pour coopérer avec l'équerre de jonction,
• la figure 13 illustre l'assemblage des plaques métalliques soudées composant la clé de jonction,
• la figure 14 est une vue en coupe latérale de la clé en position de fixation,
• la figure 15 montre une deuxième forme de réalisation de la clé de jonction et
• la figure 16 est une vue en coupe latérale de cette deuxième forme de clé en position de fixation.

The invention will be better understood through the description below of a nonlimiting embodiment, and with reference to the appended figures, in which:

• FIG. 1 is an exploded view in elevation showing four monohulls assembled with the junction brackets positioned,
• FIG. 2 is a side view in section of the structure shown in FIG. 1,
• FIG. 3 is a top view of the foundation intended to receive a monohull,
• FIG. 4 is a view from below of the underside of the slab of the basic monohull,
• FIG. 5 is a plan view of an openwork monohull,
• FIG. 6 is a top view of the monohull shown in FIG. 5, with implantation of the polymer connection sleeves,
• FIG. 7 is an exploded enlarged view of the corner of the structure shown in FIG. 1, detailing the top of the foundation and the bottom of the base monocoque slab,
• FIG. 8 is a complete exploded view showing the connection brackets and the connection brackets between monohulls on the floors,
• FIG. 9 illustrates a first embodiment of the junction square,
• FIG. 10 shows the polymer sleeves intended to cooperate with the junction brackets,
• FIG. 11 is a top view of the junction bracket shown in FIG. 9,
• FIG. 12 shows a first embodiment of the key designed to cooperate with the junction square,
• FIG. 13 illustrates the assembly of the welded metal plates making up the connection key,
• FIG. 14 is a side sectional view of the key in the fixing position,
• FIG. 15 shows a second embodiment of the connection key and
• Figure 16 is a side sectional view of this second form of key in the fixing position.

With reference to the accompanying drawings, and more particularly to FIGS. 1 and 2, the building structure to which the improvement according to the present invention applies is composed of at least two levels (A, B) superimposed on monohull elements (A ¹ , A ² , A ³ , A ⁴ ) and (B ¹ , B ² , B ³ , B ⁴ ) arranged side by side, the basic monohulls (A) being arranged on a foundation (1).

The described implementation mode has two levels of four monohulls each. However, the number of items used to the structure is not limited, as is the number of levels of overlay.

As described in the document FR 9807135, each monohull has at its base means for absorbing vibrations, forming stamp with the foundations for the basic element, or with the or the lower level monocoque elements, with regard to the others elements.

The absorption means include a shaped sleeve (5) cylindrical hollowed out in its center (5 ') to allow the passage of a bolt (5 ") tightening between two superimposed monohulls.

The sleeve (5), which is composed of a pad made of elastomer, is placed between two superimposed monohulls (A, B) in concrete, inside housings (4) arranged in correspondence, respectively on the face lower side of the monocoque (B) and on the upper side of the monocoque (A).

A junction square (2) is arranged between each attached monohull, for example A ¹ and A ³ , or A ¹ and A ² , above the housings (4) already provided for receiving the polymer sleeves (5) of interposition.

The presence of junction brackets (2) has the advantage of allowing avoid collision between the different monohulls, a phenomenon sensitive for example, when several boxes are superimposed, up to four floors.

This allows to mass a set of assembled monohulls vertically or horizontally, so that the movement pendulum is distributed and affects the entire structure consisting of the monohulls (A, B) superimposed.

As illustrated in Figure 9, the junction brackets (2) are composed two metal crowns (12) and a stamped flat iron (22).

The outer angle of the flat iron (22) is pierced with different recesses rectangular (32) allowing the passage of a metallic key (42) of appropriate form.

Figure 8 shows how to use the junction brackets.

To carry out the assembly, two junction brackets (2) are superimposed associated with four monohulls (A ¹ , A ² , A ³ , A ⁴ ) by the corners, or two monohulls with a corner, so that the rectangular recesses (32) respective of the two brackets correspond.

These junction brackets will fit into the polymer sleeves (5) previously installed.

Then a metal key (42) is inserted through the recesses (32), before positioning the upper monohulls (B ¹ , B ² , B ³ , B ⁴ ), which makes it possible to lock the structure while subsequently authorizing a possible quick disassembly.

After installing the upper monohulls (B ¹ , B ² , B ³ , B ⁴ ), a tightening bolt is inserted by each polymer stud and each reinforced concrete slab, in order to prevent the hulls from coming off. The tightening bolts are positioned on polymer washers (not shown) on each interior face of the concrete slab reinforced with a lower and upper monocoque.

It will be noted that the key (42) is not a fixed key and that the shape of the junction brackets (2) do not vary.

It is the specific configuration of the rectangular recesses (42) which allows overlapping when two junction brackets are placed head to tail in relation to each other.

When there are only two monohulls, which is the case for example at the lateral end of a structure composed of four boxes arranged side by side, we will use only one junction square in the part median where there are only two contiguous orifices.

In this case, no keys passing through the recess are used angular. To maintain the square, it will suffice to drill in the concrete through the middle part of each of the component branches square and pass a lag screw with a bolt to secure the whole, with the interposition of polymer plates.

The connection key can be produced in two different ways.

According to a first embodiment shown in Figures 12 to 14, the key (42) is crosswise and forms a stop in the recesses (32). The angle of the cross is 90 °, in order to prevent possible deformation of the key.

The key (42) consists of two perpendicular blocks (42 ', 42 ") mounted crossed. The lower part of each of the blocks (42 ', 42 ") has a leaf spring (43). The key (42) fits by simple pressure in the recesses (32) and is then held in place by the leaf spring (43) which exerts pressure on the underside of the brackets.

According to a second alternative embodiment shown in Figures 15 and 16, the key (52) consists of a round metal pin (52 ') which fits in the same way as before in the center of the square (2) and also comprises in its lower part at least one spring with blade (53) which acts as clips and exerts pressure on the underside of the brackets.

This modality allows the rotation of the assemblies and therefore allows corner connections greater than 90 ° in the horizontal plane.

In both cases, a layer of polymer is applied to the surface outside of the leaf spring (43, 53), in order to avoid metallic clatter or friction that would interfere with sound insulation.

We will also interpose a polymer plate (not shown) between the two brackets.

Figures 1, 3 4 and 7 show the connection brackets which allow the basic monohulls (A) to be secured to the foundation (1).

To bond the foundations to the structure, we associate with each of the studs (3) of the basic monohulls (A) a shaped element square (14) whose arms (14 ') form a right angle (14 ") matching the angle of the monohulls.

The polymer stud (3) in the corner of the connecting square (14) is placed in a cylindrical strapping (3 ') welded to said base bracket metallic, which is fixed in concrete by screwing, lag screw, sealing or any other means, at four points along the arms (14 '), which have cylindrical studs (13) in polymer at the end.

The two studs (13) of each connecting square (14) are fixed by polymer bonding on the base metal under monocoque before installation.

The side studs (13) will be glued at the time of installation on the square metallic above the foundation, the central stud (3) always remaining independent to allow elasticity and return to the original position through springs of the peripheral crown.

The eight studs (13) of a monocoque thus form between the foundation (1) and the prefabricated structure.

These bonded elements retain a circular deformation elasticity over 360 °.

As shown in Figure 4, the side pads (13) are arranged on the angle metal brackets on the underside of the monohull slab base (A), and the bonding on the square above foundation (1) occurs when we put the monocoque on this foundation.

The building structure thus formed and joined together allows the accumulation and dispersion of horizontal oscillations, whatever their direction, while controlling and limiting their transmission to upper or lower level monohull caissons.

The above description clearly shows that the purposes of this invention are achieved since a structure of vessel composed of at least two levels of monocoque elements superimposed, comprising means for accumulating and dispersing at both vertical and horizontal oscillations, whatever either their direction and their intensity.

The present invention is not limited to the examples of embodiments described above, but extends to any obvious modification and variation for a skilled in the art. In particular, the number of monocoque elements and their superposition methods, as well as the shape of the studs and recesses, may vary without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (10)

Modular monocoque building structure of the type consisting of at least two superposed levels of monocoque concrete elements placed side by side, each monocoque element comprising at its base means for absorbing and dispersing vibrations consisting of a sleeve (5) comprising an elastomer stud (3) disposed between two superimposed monocoque caissons (A) and (B), inside housings (4) formed in correspondence, respectively on the underside of the upper level monocoque caisson and on the upper face of the lower level monocoque box, characterized in that the structure is joined by means of junction brackets (2) positioned on the floors between the monohulls and connecting brackets (14) of the base monohulls (A) to the foundation (1). Building structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the junction brackets (2) are composed of two metal rings (12) and a stamped flat iron (22). Building structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the external angle of the flat iron (22) comprises rectangular recesses (32) allowing the passage of a metal key. Building structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the key (42) consists of two perpendicular blocks (42 ', 42 ") mounted in a cross. Building structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the lower part of each of the blocks (42 ', 42 ") comprises a leaf spring (43). Building structure according to claim 3, characterized in that the key (52) consists of a round metal trunnion (52 ') designed to fit into the center of the junction square (2). Building structure according to claim 6, characterized in that the lower part of the key (52) comprises at least one leaf spring (53). Building structure according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each stud (3) is associated with basic monohulls (A) a bracket (14) whose arms (14 ') form a right angle (14 " ) following the angle of the monohulls. Building structure according to claim 8, characterized in that the stud (3) is placed in a cylindrical strapping (3 ') welded to the connecting bracket (14) which is fixed in the concrete at four points along the arms (14 '). Building structure according to claim 8 or claim 9, characterized in that the arms (14 ') of the connecting bracket (14) have lateral studs (13).

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