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EP1183057A1 - Produits d'hygiene ou de beaute presentant des proprietes de gestion des fluides ameliorees - Google Patents

Produits d'hygiene ou de beaute presentant des proprietes de gestion des fluides ameliorees

Info

Publication number
EP1183057A1
EP1183057A1 EP00937537A EP00937537A EP1183057A1 EP 1183057 A1 EP1183057 A1 EP 1183057A1 EP 00937537 A EP00937537 A EP 00937537A EP 00937537 A EP00937537 A EP 00937537A EP 1183057 A1 EP1183057 A1 EP 1183057A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
accordance
modification
fluid
cover sheet
treatment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00937537A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Michael Allen Daley
David Charles Potts
Jack Nelson Lindon
Crystal Sutphin Leach
Nancy Donaldson Kollin
Arthur Edward Garavaglia
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Kimberly Clark Corp
Original Assignee
Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Kimberly Clark Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc, Kimberly Clark Corp filed Critical Kimberly Clark Worldwide Inc
Priority claimed from PCT/US2000/013001 external-priority patent/WO2000074740A1/fr
Publication of EP1183057A1 publication Critical patent/EP1183057A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a top sheet or cover material for absorbent articles including personal care articles such as diapers, training pants, adult incontinence garments, feminine care products such as sanitary pads or napkins, surgical gowns and drapes, absorbent pads and the like. More particularly, this invention relates to surface modification or surface treatments for top sheets or cover materials which can be used to provide a desired combination of fluid handling properties, such as faster fluid intake rates, equivalent or lower fluid retention, equivalent or smaller stain sizes, and balanced rewet compared to conventional materials, or similar or equivalent fluid intake with reduced staining or fluid retention compared to conventional materials.
  • fluid handling properties such as faster fluid intake rates, equivalent or lower fluid retention, equivalent or smaller stain sizes, and balanced rewet compared to conventional materials, or similar or equivalent fluid intake with reduced staining or fluid retention compared to conventional materials.
  • Films have been traditionally used to provide barrier properties in limited use or disposable items.
  • limited use or disposable we mean that the product and/or component is used only a small number of times, or possibly only once, before being discarded.
  • examples of such products include, but are not limited to, surgical and healthcare related products such as surgical drapes and gowns, disposable absorbent pads used, for example in the meat industry, and personal care absorbent products such as diapers, training pants, incontinence garments, sanitary napkins, bandages, wipes and the like.
  • protective apparel such as hospital gowns, films are used to prevent cross exchange of microorganisms between the wearer and the patient.
  • these films are generally effective barriers with respect to water vapor and the like, they are not aesthetically pleasing because their surfaces are smooth and either feel slick or tacky, and they are visually unappealing, making them less desirable in apparel applications and other uses where they are in contact with human skin.
  • a primary purpose of the film in such laminates is to provide barrier properties.
  • such laminates be fluid transmissive so that they can transmit fluids in a direction away from the fluid source. Similar requirements exist for absorbent materials such as absorbent pads used, for example, in the meat industry and absorbent materials used for fenestration reinforcement.
  • Most personal care absorbent articles include a cover material, sometimes hereinafter referred to as a liner, top sheet layer, body-side liner, or cover sheet, an absorbent core and some type of backing material which is generally liquid impervious to help prevent leakage.
  • cover material sometimes hereinafter referred to as a liner, top sheet layer, body-side liner, or cover sheet, an absorbent core and some type of backing material which is generally liquid impervious to help prevent leakage.
  • cover materials generally fall into two main groups based, at least in part, upon performance and aesthetic preferences.
  • the market is polarized into two segments, women who prefer clean and dry apertured film covers and women who prefer soft, cloth-like nonwoven covers.
  • the advantage of apertured film covers for sanitary napkins is that they provide a relatively clean and dry surface as menses or menstrual discharge tends to pass through the apertured film layer and into the interior of the absorbent product.
  • An additional drawback is the smooth, slick, noncloth-like feel that is characteristic of many apertured films.
  • Nonwoven-based cover materials are very soft and cloth-like in feel, but tend to retain more of the menses at or just below the surface of the cover material which, in turn, makes the products suffer from the standpoint of properties such as cleanliness and dryness.
  • the difference in functionality is a direct result of the structure of nonwovens, including small average pore size and nonuniform pore size distribution.
  • Cover sheet materials are utilized for the transport of bodily fluids into the absorbent core of personal care absorbent articles and, thus, materials used for cover sheet applications must manage distinctly different body excretions, depending upon the application and the product type. Some products must manage fluids, such as urine, while others must manage proteinaceous and viscoelastic fluids such as menstrual discharge and fecal matter. The management of viscoelastic menstrual discharge by cover sheet materials for feminine care products is exacerbated due to the variations in composition and rheology over a broad range of elasticity. Fluid management in feminine care applications requires control of absorption of bodily fluids, control of fluid retention in the cover, control of stain size and intensity, control of rewet of fluid back to the surface, and control of the release of fluid to the absorbent core.
  • cover systems There are generally three major classes of cover systems which have been developed to manage these fluids: nonwovens, apertured films, and composites of films and/or nonwovens.
  • the characteristics of an ideal cover system include the capability of immediate fluid intake, no rewet of fluid back to the surface, no fluid retention in the cover, no staining, and complete desorption of the fluid to the absorbent core.
  • the means for providing these properties to a cover system are based upon tailoring of the structure and surface energy in one or more layers of the cover.
  • the two main cover material groups as discussed above, where there are tradeoffs between performance and aesthetic preferences, so too are there limits to the extent which these ideal properties can be achieved due to the tradeoffs that exist between attributes.
  • a nonwoven web material with improved softness comprising monofilaments or fibers of a thermoplastic material to which a wetting agent such as cationic, anionic, and nonionic surfactants are added is taught by U.S. Patent 4,753,834 to Braun et al. U.S. Patent
  • Patent 5,112,690 to Cohen et al. teaches a method of treating a low hydrohead fibrous porous web material to increase its retentive wettability in which a surface active agent having a hydrophile-lipophile balance of at least about six is adhered to the low hydrohead fibrous porous web material and a corona discharge equivalent to a charge of at least about 0.6 watt minute per square foot per side of the web material is applied to the surface active agent bearing web material.
  • Treated polymer fabrics having improved wicking/wetting characteristics comprising a hydrophobic polymer fabric treating with a wetting agent is taught by U.S. Patent 5,209,966 to Lange et al., U.S. Patent 5,212,270 to Lai, and U.S.
  • U.S. Patent 5,527,534 to Myhling teaches a sponge capable of delivering an active pharmaceutical agent into the vaginal canal during insertion of the sponge, while the sponge is resident in the vagina and during removal from the vagina in which the sponge is a polyurethane foam in which a non-ionic surfactant, such as Pluronic
  • F68 is used in the polyurethane formulation to provide uniform desired cell structure, density, tensile strength, porosity, and degree of hydrophilicity. None of the prior art addresses a method or means for addressing competing attributes so as to produce and thus approach the properties of an "ideal" cover system. There are several factors which influence the flow of liquids in fibrous structures including the geometry of the pore structure in the fabrics, the nature of the solid surface (surface energy, contact angle), the geometry of the solid surface (surface roughness, grooves, etc.), the chemical/physical treatment of the solid surface, and the chemical nature of the fluid.
  • Wettability also plays a critical role in the fluid handling properties of absorbent materials such as those used in personal care absorbent products, healthcare products such as surgical gowns and drapes, and food handling such as absorbent pads for meat packaging.
  • absorbent materials such as those used in personal care absorbent products, healthcare products such as surgical gowns and drapes, and food handling such as absorbent pads for meat packaging.
  • Wettability is a gauge of the surface free energy of the solid phase.
  • a classic method for measuring the wettability of a surface is the contact angle technique in which a droplet of fluid is placed on a flat surface and the angle at which the droplet intercepts the surface is measured.
  • the equation relating contact angle ( ⁇ ) to interfacial free energy (g) is known as Young's equation, that is: where SV, SL, and LV refer to the surface/vapor, surface/liquid and liquid/vapor interfaces, respectively. This equation is true for fluids at equilibrium, that is not moving, on a surface. As fluids move across a surface, the contact angle at the fluid front, known as the advancing contact angle, Q ⁇ y, is increased slightly from the equilibrium value and the contact angle at the back edge of the fluid, known as the receding contact angle, Q REC , is decreased slightly from the equilibrium value.
  • ⁇ and r are either i) the advancing contact angle and pore size of the cover material for fluid intake into the cover material, or ii) the receding contact angle of the cover material and the pore size of the sublayer material for fluid movement out of the cover and into the underlying absorbent.
  • a low contact angle high wettability
  • a high contact angle low wettability
  • the wettability of a surface is governed by the chemical structure and condition of the surface.
  • the fluid contacts a "dry" surface with wettability controlled by the inherent chemical structure of the surface.
  • the effects of advancing and receding contact angles on fluid movement are often complicated by the fact that these surfaces are altered by the fluid contact. This is particularly true of proteinaceous fluids.
  • changes in the receding contact angle, ⁇ REC can be caused by the removal of fugitive surface treatments responsible for wettability (which could decrease wettability and increase the contact angle) or by responses of the surface to the insult fluid, such as surface hydration and protein deposition (both of which would increase wettability and decrease the contact angle).
  • fugitive surface treatments responsible for wettability which could decrease wettability and increase the contact angle
  • responses of the surface to the insult fluid such as surface hydration and protein deposition (both of which would increase wettability and decrease the contact angle).
  • a cover sheet for an absorbent material including personal care absorbent products, such as feminine care products, surgical drapes and gowns, absorbent pads and the like comprising a material selected from the group consisting of nonwovens, apertured film, film composites, nonwoven composites, and combinations thereof, which surface of said material is treated or modified to substantially prevent or delay protein deposition upon contact or interaction with a proteinaceous fluid.
  • PLURONIC ® surfactant surface coatings provides appropriate wettability for efficient intake while inhibiting protein binding and the resultant increases in surface wettability.
  • Pluronics are one type of surface treatment which results in appropriate wettability for efficient fluid intake while inhibiting protein binding and the resultant increases in surface wettability
  • other types of surface modification treatments may demonstrate similar effects. These include copolymers of ethylene oxide and propylene oxide, surface modifications comprising segments of hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, surfactants or other treatments which are disposed on a surface to produce hydrophilic and hydrophobic regions, and selectively designed surface chemistries which have architecture at the molecular level such that the presence or absence of a stimuli, such as a fluid, triggers specific groups to emerge to the surface.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic diagram of a rate block apparatus suitable for use in determining fluid intake time of a material or material system.
  • cover materials for personal care absorbent articles such as feminine care products, diapers, incontinence garments, and the like may be modified to improve fluid intake and at least one of three incongruous properties, namely cover staining, fluid retention, or rewet of fluid back to the cover material surface.
  • the surface of the cover may be modified to improve staining and fluid retention.
  • cover materials having localized wettability demonstrate little change in fluid intake but provide significant improvements in fluid retention and cover staining.
  • the type of surface modification utilized in accordance with this invention depends upon the structure of the cover material and the presence of any localized wettability.
  • the three model treatments were selected to demonstrate the advantages of tailoring cover material surface modification in conjunction with cover material structure to provide improved fluid management properties when applied to the cover materials.
  • the three model treatments were commercially obtained from BASF (Germany) and are commercially identified as PLURONIC ® F68, PLURONIC ® F98, and PLURONIC ® F105.
  • the Pluronics are block polymers of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene. These formulations differ in the average molecular weight of the blocks of polyoxyethylene and polyoxypropylene. Presumably, the block size and the ratio of PEO/PPO segments control the protein resistance by modifying surface energy of the cover material as measured by receding and advancing contact angle.
  • Substrate is defined as a polymer, fibrous, porous, or foam-like surface or surfaces where said surfaces form structures.
  • substrates were chosen which differed in their structures and/or localized surface energy. These substrates consisted of the following: a fibrous web, an apertured film composite, an apertured film composite with localized wettability, and a nonwoven composite.
  • a “fibrous web” is any material comprising fibrous or fiber-like elements, usually in a random arrangement, joined by bonding points which stabilize the structure providing at least some mechanical integrity, which form at least some small pores throughout the length and width thereof between adjacent fiber-like elements.
  • Fibrous webs can refer to spunbond, meltblown, airlaid, bonded carded webs, spunlace, etc.
  • spunbond refers to a nonwoven web produced by melt spinning fibers.
  • a spunbond cover comprising a 5 denier per fiber (dpf), 0.4 ounces per square yard (osy) melt spunbond web with a density of 0.042g/cc and a permeability of 1658 Darcys was chosen.
  • the fibers were formulated as 92% E5D47 (Union Carbide) polypropylene fibers with the addition of 8% titanium dioxide concentrate, termed Ampacet 41438.
  • Apertured films is a generic term referring to any material which contains at least some polymer such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyester, nylon, polymethacrylic acid, polyethylacrylic acid, etc. and which consists of openings termed apertures or pores.
  • Apertured films include, but are not limited to, those formed from vacuum aperturing, pin aperturing, and slit and stretch aperturing. It may also include nets and foamlike expanded structures.
  • An "apertured film composite” is a material comprising at least two components, an apertured film and a fibrous material situated below the apertured film or by some means attached to the apertured film.
  • An apertured film composite for a cover material in accordance with one embodiment of this invention which material was used to evaluate the surfactant treatment system of this invention, comprises a 1.1 mil polyethylene film comprising 94% Rexene 1058 and 6% Ampacet 110359 pin apertured using heat and differential speeds to create an apertured film having a 28% open area and an aperture size of 600 microns laminated to a surge material by means of point bonding.
  • the surge material comprises a 10 dpf, 0.7 osy TABCW having a density of 0.0182 g/cc and a permeability of 15,000 Darcys.
  • TBCW is a lofty nonwoven web created by carding fibers and orienting them into a web. This web is then bonded by moving into a through air dryer.
  • the fibers used in this web comprise a bi-component fiber obtained from Chisso comprising a 50/50 weight percent sheath/core, where the sheath is produced from linear low density polyethylene (LLDPE) and the core comprises polypropylene.
  • LLDPE linear low density polyethylene
  • HR6 was applied by the manufacturer.
  • An "apertured film composite with localized wettability” comprises a cast film of three layers, ABA (30/40/30), wherein the composition of each of layers A is 94% Rexene 1058 and 6% Ampacet 110359 and the composition of layer B is 93% Rexene 1058, 1% 90/10 polyethylene/ Atmer, and 6% Ampacet 110359.
  • the film is pin apertured to create an apertured film having 28% open area and an aperture size of 600 microns.
  • the apertured film primarily comprises a top surface which has a lower surface energy than the apertured regions.
  • This apertured material is laminated to a surge material through point bonding, which surge material comprises a 10 dpf, 0.7 osy TABCW having a density of 0.0182 g/cc and a permeability of 15,000 Darcys.
  • a "nonwoven composite” generally comprises at lease two fibrous materials which are positioned one on top of the other or which are otherwise attached.
  • a cover material comprising a coapertured nonwoven composite was produced from a 3.2 dpf, 0.6 osy spunbond with a density of 0.08 g/cc and a 10 dpf 0.7 osy TABCW with a density of 0.0182 g/cc and a permeability of 15,000 Darcys. The material was then apertured to create a material having an open area of about 17% and an aperture size of 1650 microns.
  • Coapertured refers to the process of putting openings or holes into two or more materials through any number of mechamcal means, such as pin aperturing. In addition, some entanglement or bonding may occur between layers with this process.
  • Permeability is obtained from a measurement of the resistance to flow of liquid by the material. A liquid of known viscosity is forced through the material of a given thickness at a constant flow rate and the resistance to flow, measured as a pressure drop, is monitored. Darcy's Law is used to determine a value for permeability.
  • Proteinaceous fluids refers to a fluid that contains protein or protein breakdown products.
  • a menstrual simulant was utilized which has similar properties to menstrual discharge.
  • “Menstrual simulant” is a material which simulates the viscoelastic and other properties of menses.
  • blood such as defibrinated swine blood
  • the plasma is separated and stored separately, the buffy coat removed and discarded, and the packed red blood cells stored separately as well.
  • Eggs such as jumbo chicken eggs, are separated, the yoke and chalazae discarded, and the egg white retained.
  • the egg white is separated into thick and thin portions by straining the white through a 1000 micron nylon mesh for about three minutes, and the thinner portion discarded.
  • the thick homogenized egg white which contains ovomucin
  • 80 mL of the thick homogenized egg white which contains ovomucin
  • 60 cc of the swine plasma is added to the transfer pack.
  • the transfer pack is clamped, all air bubbles removed, and placed in a Stomacher lab blender in which it is blended at normal (or medium) speed for about two minutes.
  • the transfer pack is then removed from the blender, 60 cc of swine red blood cells are added, and the contents mixed by hand kneading for about two minutes, or until the contents appear homogeneous.
  • the final mixture has a red blood cell content of about 30 volume percent and generally is at least within the range of 28-32 volume percent for artificial menses.
  • the amount of egg white is about 40 weight percent.
  • “Intake” refers to the ability of a cover/absorbent to absorb fluid.
  • the intake time was used to assess the quality of absorption whereby lower intake times denoted materials capable of rapid absorption and higher intake times denoted materials with poorer absorption.
  • the intake time was recorded for a known quantity of fluid to absorb into a material.
  • Stain refers to fluid, wet or dry, which is present on the top surface, in, or on the bottom surface of a cover material.
  • TEST METHODS A. Rate Block Intake Test This test is used to determine the intake time of a known quantity of fluid into a material and or material system.
  • the test apparatus consists of a rate block 10 as shown in Fig. 1.
  • a 4" x 4" piece of absorbent 14 and cover 13 are die cut.
  • the specific covers are described in the specific examples.
  • the absorbent used for these studies was standard and consisted of 250 g/m 2 airlaid made of 90% Coosa 0054 and 10% HC T-255 binder. The total density for this system was 0.10 g/cc.
  • the cover 13 was placed over the absorbent 14 and the rate block 10 was placed on top of the two materials.
  • This test is used to determine the amount of fluid that will come back to the surface when a load is applied.
  • the amount of fluid that comes back through the surface is called the "rewet” value.
  • the more fluid that comes to the surface the larger the "rewet” value.
  • Lower rewet values are associated with a dryer material and, thus, a dryer product.
  • a 4" x 4" piece of absorbent and cover was die cut.
  • the absorbent used for these studies was standard and consisted of a 250 g/m 2 airlaid made of 90% Coosa 0054 and 10% HC T-255 binder. The total density for this system was 0.10 g/cc.
  • the cover was placed over the absorbent and the rate block was placed on top of the two materials.
  • 2 mL of menses simulant are insulted into the rate block apparatus and are allowed to absorb into a 4" x 4" sample of the cover material which is placed on top of a 4" x 4" absorbent piece. The fluid is allowed to interact with the system for one minute and the rate block rests on top of the materials.
  • the material system cover and absorbent are placed onto a bag filled with fluid.
  • a piece of blotter paper is weighed and placed on top of the material system.
  • the bag is traversed vertically until it comes into contact with an acrylic plate above it, thus pressing the whole material system against the plate blotter paper side first.
  • the system is pressed against the acrylic plate until a total pressure of 1 psi is applied.
  • the pressure is held fixed for three minutes, after which the pressure is removed and the blotter paper is weighed.
  • the blotter paper retains any fluid that was transferred to it from the cover/absorbent system.
  • the difference in weight between the original blotter and the blotter after the experiment is known as the "rewet" value. Typically, five to ten repetitions of this test were performed, and average rewet was determined.
  • the flow rate of the pump was programmed to deliver fluid at a rate of lmL/sec.
  • the stain size for the cover materials was measured manually, and the amount of fluid in each component of the system was measured by weight before and after absorption of the fluid.
  • the stain intensity was evaluated qualitatively by comparison of samples. Staining information was recorded using a digital camera and could be further analyzed with image analysis.
  • EXAMPLE 1 Four cover materials as discussed hereinabove, namely a fibrous web, an apertured film composite, an apertured film composite with localized wettability, and a nonwoven composite were created for evaluation with the Pluronic surfactant treatment systems utilized in the cover materials of this invention.
  • Tables 1-4 hereinbelow show the results of intake time (s), rewet (g), stain size (mm 2 ) at low, intermediate, and high pressures, and fluid retention (grams) at low, intermediate, and high pressures for a 5 dpf, 0.4 osy spunbond treated with 0.3% Ahcovel Base N-62 (ICI initial Surfactants, Wilmington, Delaware), Pluronic F68, Pluronic F98, and Pluronic F105.
  • Table 1 Table 1
  • Tables 5-8 show the results of the Rate Block Intake Test, the Rewet Test, and the Intake/Staining Test for apertured film composites treated with Pluronics compared with apertured film composites with no treatment. Again, the results indicate that not all Pluronics behave similarly.
  • Pluromc F105 reduces intake time, overall staining, and fluid retention, but has little effect on rewet.
  • Pluronic F98 has no effect on intake time and rewet, reduces overall staining, and generally reduces fluid retention.
  • the use of Pluronic F68 actually increases intake time and rewet, but generally reduces overall staining and fluid retention.
  • Tables 9-12 show the results of the Rate Block Intake Test, the Rewet Test, and the Intake/Stain Test for apertured film composites with localized wettability treated with Pluronics compared to no Pluronics treatment.
  • the material treated with Pluronic F68 shows no appreciable difference in intake time. However, rewet, staining and fluid retention all decreased.
  • Material treated with Pluronic F98 also shows no appreciable difference in intake time and fluid retention compared to material without treatment, but shows a substantial improvement in rewet over both the material with no treatment and the material treated with Pluronic F68.
  • Material treated with Pluronic F105 resulted in reduced rewet and fluid retention and no appreciable difference in fluid intake.
  • Tables 13-16 show a comparison of intake, rewet, stain size, and fluid retention for nonwoven composite materials treated with Pluronics compared to treatment of the spunbond in the nonwoven composite with 0.3% Ahcovel.
  • treatment of the nonwoven composite with Pluronics F105 reduces intake time, staining and fluid retention, but increases rewet.
  • Material treated with Pluromcs F98 reduces intake time while increasing rewet. Fluid retention appears to be essentially unaffected while staining shows marginal increases.

Landscapes

  • Absorbent Articles And Supports Therefor (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne une feuille de couverture pour un produit d'hygiène ou de beauté féminine. Cette feuille se compose d'un matériau dont la surface est traitée ou modifiée pour empêcher ou retarder le dépôt de protéines lors du contact ou de l'interaction avec un fluide protéinique.
EP00937537A 1999-06-04 2000-05-12 Produits d'hygiene ou de beaute presentant des proprietes de gestion des fluides ameliorees Withdrawn EP1183057A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US13763199P 1999-06-04 1999-06-04
US13763100P 2000-05-11 2000-05-11
US137631P 2000-05-11
PCT/US2000/013001 WO2000074740A1 (fr) 1999-06-04 2000-05-12 Produits d'hygiene ou de beaute presentant des proprietes de gestion des fluides ameliorees

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1183057A1 true EP1183057A1 (fr) 2002-03-06

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP00937537A Withdrawn EP1183057A1 (fr) 1999-06-04 2000-05-12 Produits d'hygiene ou de beaute presentant des proprietes de gestion des fluides ameliorees

Country Status (1)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1183057A1 (fr)

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO0074740A1 *

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