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EP1174839B1 - Einmischungsschutzvorrichtung und bezogenes Verfahren zur Detektion von Einmischung innerhalb eines Gerätes - Google Patents

Einmischungsschutzvorrichtung und bezogenes Verfahren zur Detektion von Einmischung innerhalb eines Gerätes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1174839B1
EP1174839B1 EP01109800A EP01109800A EP1174839B1 EP 1174839 B1 EP1174839 B1 EP 1174839B1 EP 01109800 A EP01109800 A EP 01109800A EP 01109800 A EP01109800 A EP 01109800A EP 1174839 B1 EP1174839 B1 EP 1174839B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
signal
detection
casing
component
tamper
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01109800A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP1174839A2 (de
EP1174839A3 (de
Inventor
Piero Camillo Gusi
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vimar SpA
Original Assignee
Vimar SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Vimar SpA filed Critical Vimar SpA
Priority to SI200130494T priority Critical patent/SI1174839T1/sl
Publication of EP1174839A2 publication Critical patent/EP1174839A2/de
Publication of EP1174839A3 publication Critical patent/EP1174839A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1174839B1 publication Critical patent/EP1174839B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B29/00—Checking or monitoring of signalling or alarm systems; Prevention or correction of operating errors, e.g. preventing unauthorised operation
    • G08B29/02—Monitoring continuously signalling or alarm systems
    • G08B29/04—Monitoring of the detection circuits
    • G08B29/046—Monitoring of the detection circuits prevention of tampering with detection circuits

Definitions

  • the present invention refers to an anti-tamper device and related method for the detection of tampering with a component.
  • the invention is intended in particular for devices for the protection of sensors in surveillance systems, such as anti-burglar or anti-intrusion systems.
  • a known solution provides for the use of magnetically operated devices consisting of a fixed part, integral with the recessed casing, housing a permanent magnet.
  • the module which is the component of the security system, is provided with a reed relay kept in the closed position by the magnetic field generated by the magnet mounted on the fixed part integral with the casing.
  • Movement of the component from the position in which it is mounted causes the relay to move away from the magnet, with a consequent opening of the contact of the relay and production of an alarm signal.
  • anti-tamper devices of the optoelectronic type comprising a transmitter to generate a signal that is propagated inside the casing and a detector to detect said signal and any changes in the signal due to tampering.
  • the transmitter and the detector are mounted on the outer rear wall of the module, consequently the detector detects the signal emitted by the transmitter and reflected by the rear wall of the casing.
  • the transmitter and the detector Being disposed inside the casing containing the electrical modules, the transmitter and the detector can be damaged, for example by the wires passing inside the casing.
  • Such devices in any case have the drawback of detecting the signal inside the casing; consequently their operation is closely influenced by the configuration and the structure of the casing.
  • the casings and in particular their rear walls can be made of various materials, for example plastics having different surface or chromatic characteristics. Or else the casing may have been accidentally smeared, before or after flush mounting on the wall, with various materials such as plaster, paint and the like.
  • the depth of embedding of the casing in the wall too can vary from one instance to another. Since the component is generally supported by the front plate of the casing, applied flush with the wall, it can be situated at different distances with respect to the rear wall of the casing.
  • the wires for connection of the component in question there are usually the wires for connection of the component in question, any wires of other components present in the casing, and possibly wires passing through the casing but not belonging to any of the components.
  • a tamper-proof device applicable to components mounted in a flush-mounted box is disclosed, for example, by document EP-A-0 748 003.
  • An object of the present invention is to overcome the above-mentioned drawbacks by providing an anti-tamper device that is efficient and safe irrespective of the type, configuration and structure of the casing inside which the component that must not be tampered with is mounted.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide such an anti-tamper device that is economical and simple to make.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for detection of tampering with components that is efficient and immune from disturbances due to the configuration of the inside the casing in which the components are housed.
  • the anti-tamper device according to the invention is suitable to be applied to components inserted like modules in a casing.
  • Said anti-tamper device provides a transmitter or generator to transmit a signal inside the casing, a receiver or detector to detect the signal that is propagated in the casing and alarm means which, on the basis of the signal detected, signal any tampering with the component.
  • the peculiarity of the anti-tamper device according to the invention is due to the fact that the signal which is propagated inside the casing is detected inside the body of the component. Consequently said signal is better protected from disturbances due to the shape of the casing and the presence of wires inside the casing.
  • the transmitter and the receiver are advantageously positioned inside the body of the component. In this manner the transmitter and the detector are protected against any breakage or damage caused by wires disposed inside the casing that can interfere therewith or from knocking against the walls of the casing during assembly.
  • the transmitter and the detector have greater immunity against electrostatic discharge generated by the movement of the wires inside the casing.
  • Another advantage of the anti-tamper device according to the invention is represented by the fact that the alarm signal that tampering has occurred is obtained by means of a control unit in which software is provided that implements a comparison of the signal detected with a threshold signal that is continuously updated.
  • Said software-implemented comparison system is more flexible and reliable than the comparison systems of known anti-tamper devices that are developed by means of hardware comparators.
  • Figure 1 shows as a whole a casing 1 of the type currently used in domestic and industrial electrical systems.
  • the casing 1 is intended to be flush-mounted in a wall with its open front side 2 facing toward the outside of the wall.
  • the casing 1 is closed by means of a cover plate 3 comprising a plurality of apertures 4 forming respective seats for mounting of the modules 5.
  • the modules 5 consist of a shell 8 that encloses a component 9, such as, for example, a switch, an electrical socket, a sensor etc.
  • a sensor is considered as a component.
  • the outer surface of the plate 3 is generally closed by a cover element 6 (the so-called “switch plate") provided with respective apertures 7 in alignment with the seats 4 of the plate 3 provided for mounting the modules 5 that are to be housed in the casing 1.
  • switch plate the so-called "switch plate”
  • the anti-tamper device designated as a whole with reference numeral 10 is mounted inside the shell 8 of the module 5 that contains the component 9.
  • the anti-tamper device 10 consists of an optoelectronic pair comprising an emitter 11 and a receiver 12.
  • the emitter 11 emits an optical radiation, typically in the infrared range, that is propagated inside the casing 1.
  • the emitter 11 can be a LED, for example, that emits in the infrared or ultraviolet range.
  • the receiver 12, which detects at least a fraction of the radiation generated by the emitter 11, can be a photodetector, such as a photodiode, with spectral characteristics complementary to those of the emitter 11.
  • the radiation generated by the emitter 11 diffuses inside the casing 1 and is reflected and diffused according to a somewhat complex propagation line distribution determined by a combination of factors such as the type and shape of the casing, the possible presence of numerous sources of diffusion/reflection such as wires, etc.
  • the intensity of the radiation detected by the receiver 12 thus depends on the sum of these factors.
  • one or more windows or apertures 13 are situated at least in the rear wall 14 of the shell 8 of the module.
  • the windows 13 can be left open or covered with a light-transparent material.
  • the windows 13 influence the propagation of the radiation which, from the inside of the casing 1, passes into the shell 8 of the module 5. Thanks to the action of these windows 13, a stationary wave which is detected by the receiver 12 is generated inside the shell 8. Said wave detected by the receiver 12 is used to detect possible tampering with the module 5 or the casing 1.
  • the anti-tamper device 10 When it is installed, the anti-tamper device 10 is set according to the conditions of propagation of the radiation that goes from the emitter 11 to the receiver 12, in the specific situation of installation.
  • any change in said conditions of propagation of the radiation which can be induced by even a minimal movement of the component 9, such as tampering or total removal, for example, causes a change in the signal detected by the detector 12. Consequently the detector sends a control signal to a control unit 20 ( Figure 3) which emits an alarm signal indicating the attempt to tamper with the component 9.
  • the control unit 20 can be a microcontroller such as a CPU already provided in the component 9 if it is a sensor, or a CPU used for the anti-tamper device 10.
  • the control unit 20 sends an activation signal to a pilot circuit 21.
  • the pilot circuit 21 can be obtained for example by means of a digital-to-analog converter of the R-2R type which performs a digital-to-analog conversion using four resistors R1, R2, R3 and R4 with different values.
  • the pilot circuit 21 sends the emitter (LED) 11 a constant current piloting signal V1 so that the emitter 11 turns on for a time of about 0.5 milliseconds.
  • the anti-tamper device 10 provides a data bus to receive and send messages.
  • the data bus is a logical entity that allows management and control of each individual device, including the anti-tamper device 10.
  • the data bus may be radiofrequency or cabled.
  • the transmission or reception time of a message by the data bus, depending on the length of the message, is about 1.5-20 milliseconds.
  • the data bus is organized to manage the reception/transmission event as a top priority event. That is to say if the transmission event is simultaneous with the reception event, control of the bus is taken by the reception event.
  • the top diagram represents, in an arbitrary scale of ordinates, the activation pulse V1 applied at intervals T (equal to about 130 milliseconds) to the pilot circuit 21 of the emitter 11.
  • the receiver 12 thus reads the status of the wave reflected by the walls of the casing 1 every 130 milliseconds.
  • the signal received by the receiver 12 is sent to an amplifier block 22 that brings it to voltage levels between 1-4 volts.
  • the voltage output signal from the amplifier block 22, designated as V2 is sent to the control unit 20, in which it is sampled and digitally filtered, as will be further explained below.
  • the amplifier block 22 can be made with an operational amplifier having the inverting input (-) connected to the receiver 12 and the non-inverting input (+) connected to a voltage source Vref of about 1 Volt which serves to eliminate the non-linearity of the operational amplifier.
  • the amplifier block 22 comprises a feedback loop 23 consisting of an analog filter which serves to remove disturbance and amplify the useful signal.
  • the feedback block 23 amplifies only the reflected wave, whilst it leaves any disturbance outside the useful frequency band unchanged.
  • the feedback block 23 can be made by means of a resistor R and a condenser C placed in parallel.
  • the output signal V2 from the integrator block is sent to the control unit 20.
  • the control unit 20 comprises an analog-to-digital converter 33 that converts the analog signal V2 to a digital signal. Inside the control unit 20 the digital signal indicating the voltage V2 detected is filtered by means of digital filters and compared with a threshold signal that will set off a possible alarm.
  • FIR filtering techniques are used to obtain said threshold signal. Said threshold will be updated dynamically so as to compensate the variations of the components 9 and the slow variations due to the dust or anything else present on the casing 1.
  • a comparator is implemented by means of a special software and carries out a comparison logic of the mathematical type comparing the digital signal indicating the voltage V2 detected with the dynamically updated threshold value.
  • the initialisation phase of the anti-tamper device is activated by a control signal sent by the control unit 20 by means of the data bus.
  • the value of the voltage measurement indicative of the light intensity is taken as the reference (mean flow). Furthermore the voltage value when the transmitter 11 is not emitting is also measured. This value serves to make a differential measurement that increases the immunity to disturbances.
  • V_background noise a signal indicative of the background noise
  • V_background noise + V_reflected wave a signal indicative of the background noise
  • V_anti-tamper V_reflected + V_background noise_ V_background noise
  • V_anti-tamper is measured in the initialisation phase a mean signal value (V_mean anti-tamper) is obtained.
  • V_ mean anti-tamper value is updated every minute to compensate for very slow variations of the components of the system.
  • a threshold value (V_threshold) indicative of tampering with the anti-tamper device is set by means of the bus.
  • Very fast variations of the system such as an attempt at tampering for example, cause the condition (V_anti-tamper - V_mean anti-tamper) > V_threshold. If said threshold value (V_threshold) is exceeded, the control unit 20 generates an alarm signal.
  • the initialisation phase activated by the bus serves to bring the voltage on the control unit 20 to a value between 2.5V and 3.5V, which coincides with the range of maximum sensitivity of the receiving part 12.
  • Said voltage value is automatically calculated by selecting the current on the emitter 11, by means of one of the resistors R1, R2, R3 and R4 of the pilot circuit 21, so as to obtain the desired voltage value on the analog-to-digital converter 33.
  • the installer can disconnect the anti-tamper device and repeat the initialisation operations.
  • a reflecting mirror can be inserted in the casing 1, preferably in the inner part of the rear wall of the casing, in order to restore the system to optimal working conditions.
  • Infrared emitters matched with the reception frequency of the receivers are preferably used. That is to say, if an emitter emits with a wavelength of 880 nanometers, the receiver also will have the maximum sensitivity at that wavelength.
  • V_anti-tamper V_reflected wave - V_background noise

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Security & Cryptography (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Slot Machines And Peripheral Devices (AREA)
  • Alarm Systems (AREA)
  • Emergency Alarm Devices (AREA)
  • Measurement And Recording Of Electrical Phenomena And Electrical Characteristics Of The Living Body (AREA)
  • Analysing Materials By The Use Of Radiation (AREA)
  • Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Eine Vorrichtung zur Feststellung von Verletzungen (10) für Bauteile (9), die in einer Schale (8) liegt, welche in ein Gehäuse (1) eingebaut ist und folgendes umfasst:
    Erzeugerelemente (11), um ein Feststellungssignal zu erzeugen, das unter bestimmten Umständen innen in dem genannten Gehäuse (1) verbreitet wird;
    Feststellungselemente (12), die empfindlich für das genannte Feststellungssignal sind, das in dem genannten Gehäuse (1) verbreitet wird, so dass jede beliebige Verletzung der Bauteile (9) eine Änderung der genannten gegebenen Umstände und eine entsprechende Änderung des genannten Feststellungssignals erzeugt, die durch die genannten Feststellungselemente aufgedeckt werden;
    Alarmelemente (20), die mit den genannten Feststellungselementen (12) verbunden sind, um die jeweiligen Änderungen des genannten Feststellungssignals zu melden, die durch die genannten Feststellungselemente aufgedeckt wurden,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass mindestens die genannten Festsstellungselemente (12) innen in der genannten Schale (8) des Bauteils (9) angeordnet sind.
  2. Eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Erzeugerelemente (11) des weiteren innen in der genannten Schale (8) des Bauteils (9) angeordnet sind.
  3. Eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte Schale (8) des Bauteils (9) mindestens ein Fenster (13) für die Verbreitung des genannten Feststellungssignals vom Inneren der Schale (8) des Bauteils in Richtung des genannten Gehäuses (1) und umgekehrt aufweist.
  4. Eine Vorrichtung gemäß einem beliebigen der vorausgegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Erzeugerelemente (11) als Feststellungssignal ein optisches Signal im Infrarot- oder Ultraviolettbereich erzeugen.
  5. Eine Vorrichtung gemäß einem beliebigen der vorausgegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Erzeugerelemente (11) in variablen Zeitintervallen eingeschaltet werden.
  6. Eine Vorrichtung gemäß einem beliebigen der Ansprüche von 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Erzeugermittel (11) in Zeitintervallen mit einer gegebenen Periodizität (T) eingeschaltet werden.
  7. Eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannte gegebene Periodizität einer Periode (T) in der Größenordnung von etwa 130 Millisekunden entspricht.
  8. Eine Vorrichtung gemäß einem beliebigen der Ansprüche von 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Erzeugerelemente (11) bei jeder Einschaltung während eines Zeitintervalls in der Größenordnung von 0,5 Millisekunden eingeschaltet werden.
  9. Eine Vorrichtung gemäß einem beliebigen der vorausgegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Erzeugerelemente (11) zugeordnete Steuerelemente (20, 21) aufweisen, die mit gleich bleibendem/r Strom/Spannung während der gesamten Dauer der Einschaltung der genannten Erzeugermittel (11) arbeiten.
  10. Eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es sich bei den genannten Steuerelementen um eine Steuereinheit (20) handelt, die ein gleich bleibendes Strom-/Spannungssignal in variablen Zeitabständen an einen Digital/Analogwandler (21) sendet, der vier Widerstände (R1, R2, R3, R4) für die Einstellung des genannten gleich bleibenden Strom-/Spannungssignals umfasst.
  11. Eine Vorrichtung gemäß einem beliebigen der vorausgegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die genannten Feststellungsvorrichtung (12) mit einem Verstärkerelement (22) zur Verstärkung des festgestellten Signals kombiniert ist.
  12. Eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannte Verstärkerelement (22) einen Betriebsverstärker aufweist, an dessen invertierendem Eingang (-) der genannte Melder (12) angeschlossen ist, und an dessen nicht invertierendem Eingang (+) ein Spannungserzeuger (Vref) angeschlossen ist, um die Nichtlinearität des Betriebsverstärkers zu beheben.
  13. Eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 11 oder 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannte Verstärkerelement (22) eine Rückkopplungsschleife (23) aufweist, die mit Hilfe eines Analogfilters gebildet wird, um Störungen zu beseitigen und das nützliche Signal zu verstärken.
  14. Eine Vorrichtung gemäß Anspruch 13, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der genannte Analogfilter der Rückkopplungsschleife (23) einen Widerstand (R) umfasst, der parallel mit einem Kondensator (C) geschaltet ist.
  15. Eine Methode zur Feststellung von Verletzungen mit Bauteilen (9), die in Schalen (8) liegen, welche in ein eingebautes Gehäuse (1) montiert sind, und folgende Schritte umfasst:
    Übertragung eines bekannten Signals innen im Gehäuse (1),
    Feststellung eines V_Verletzungsschutzsignals, das das genannte bekannte übertragene Signal umfasst,
    Vergleich des genannten festgestellten V_Verletzungsschutzsignals mit einem voreingestellen mittleren V_Verletzungsschutzsignal,
    Erzeugung eines Alarmsignals, wenn das Ergebnis des Vergleichs ein voreingestelltes V_Schwellensignal überschreitet,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der genannte Feststellungsschritt innen in der Schale (8) des genannten Bauteils (9) stattfindet.
  16. Eine Methode gemäß Anspruch 15, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der genannte Feststellungsschritt die Feststellung eines "V_reflektierten + V_Hintergrundgeräusch-Signals" in der Schale (8) des Bauteils (9) während der Übertragung und Feststellung eines V-Hintergrundgeräusch-Signals innen in der Schale (8) von Bauteil (9) in Ermangelung der Übertragung umfasst.
  17. Eine Methode gemäß Anspruch 16, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannte festgestellte V_Verletzungsschutzsignal durch den Unterschied zwischen dem "V_reflektierten + V_Hintergrundgeräuschsignal", das innen im Gehäuse (1) während der Übertragung reflektiert wird, und dem V_Hintergrundgeräusch-Signal entsteht, das in Ermangelung der Übertragung festgestellt wird.
  18. Eine Methode gemäß einem beliebigen der Ansprüche von 15 bis 17, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das genannte voreingestellte mittlere V_Verletzungsschutz-Signal ein Signal ist, das in der Inititalisierungsphase der Verletzungsschutzvorrichtung gewonnen und durch eine Steuereinheit (20) dynamisch aktualisiert wird.
EP01109800A 2000-07-19 2001-04-20 Einmischungsschutzvorrichtung und bezogenes Verfahren zur Detektion von Einmischung innerhalb eines Gerätes Expired - Lifetime EP1174839B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SI200130494T SI1174839T1 (sl) 2000-07-19 2001-04-20 Naprava proti nedovoljenemu odpiranju in relativni postopek za detektiranje nedovoljenega odpiranjaz elementi

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT2000MI001640A IT1318199B1 (it) 2000-07-19 2000-07-19 Dispositivo antimanomissione e relativo metodo per la rilevazionedella manomissione di un componente.
ITMI001640 2000-07-19

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1174839A2 EP1174839A2 (de) 2002-01-23
EP1174839A3 EP1174839A3 (de) 2003-05-02
EP1174839B1 true EP1174839B1 (de) 2005-11-30

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EP01109800A Expired - Lifetime EP1174839B1 (de) 2000-07-19 2001-04-20 Einmischungsschutzvorrichtung und bezogenes Verfahren zur Detektion von Einmischung innerhalb eines Gerätes

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1174839B1 (de)
AT (1) ATE311646T1 (de)
DE (1) DE60115336T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2253292T3 (de)
IT (1) IT1318199B1 (de)
SI (1) SI1174839T1 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2004068431A1 (ja) 2003-01-30 2004-08-12 Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. 異常検知装置およびそれを用いた情報装置
WO2007019642A1 (en) * 2005-08-18 2007-02-22 Bioloop Pty Ltd Tamper detection arrangement and system
US20080083868A1 (en) * 2006-06-16 2008-04-10 Hong Kong Applied Science And Technology Research Institute Co. Ltd. Monitoring devices and surveillance devices
US8810422B2 (en) * 2007-12-20 2014-08-19 Honeywell International, Inc. Surveillance system
CN101916345A (zh) * 2010-08-05 2010-12-15 深圳市莱克科技有限公司 一种数据保护装置
GB2577280B (en) * 2018-09-19 2022-11-09 Blueskytec Ltd Electronic anti-tamper device

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
IT1275741B1 (it) * 1995-06-08 1997-10-17 Gewiss Spa Dispositivo antimanomissione applicabile su scatole di supporto di frutti elettrici
EP0772171B1 (de) * 1995-11-03 2003-01-08 Siemens Building Technologies AG Passiver Infrarot-Einbruchdetektor und dessen Verwendung

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE60115336T2 (de) 2006-08-03
ES2253292T3 (es) 2006-06-01
IT1318199B1 (it) 2003-07-28
DE60115336D1 (de) 2006-01-05
ATE311646T1 (de) 2005-12-15
EP1174839A2 (de) 2002-01-23
EP1174839A3 (de) 2003-05-02
SI1174839T1 (sl) 2006-06-30
ITMI20001640A1 (it) 2002-01-19
ITMI20001640A0 (it) 2000-07-19

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