EP1164116A1 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines funktionalen hochenergetischen Materials - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Herstellung eines funktionalen hochenergetischen Materials Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1164116A1 EP1164116A1 EP00810520A EP00810520A EP1164116A1 EP 1164116 A1 EP1164116 A1 EP 1164116A1 EP 00810520 A EP00810520 A EP 00810520A EP 00810520 A EP00810520 A EP 00810520A EP 1164116 A1 EP1164116 A1 EP 1164116A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- powder
- energy
- grain
- plasticizer
- green
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 48
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 title claims description 26
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 100
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- 229940090898 Desensitizer Drugs 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000003380 propellant Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitroglycerin Chemical group [O-][N+](=O)OCC(O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+]([O-])=O SNIOPGDIGTZGOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000000006 Nitroglycerin Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229960003711 glyceryl trinitrate Drugs 0.000 claims description 8
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 7
- LYAGTVMJGHTIDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol dinitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)OCCOCCO[N+]([O-])=O LYAGTVMJGHTIDH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005498 polishing Methods 0.000 claims description 6
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000027 (C1-C10) alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- -1 ester compound Chemical class 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 claims 3
- 239000002360 explosive Substances 0.000 description 32
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 29
- 239000008204 material by function Substances 0.000 description 16
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 15
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 14
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 11
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 9
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium bicarbonate Chemical compound [Na+].OC([O-])=O UIIMBOGNXHQVGW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 238000004880 explosion Methods 0.000 description 6
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 6
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 6
- XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazinane Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 XTFIVUDBNACUBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 5
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000003628 erosive effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L sodium oxalate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)C([O-])=O ZNCPFRVNHGOPAG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titan oxide Chemical compound O=[Ti]=O GWEVSGVZZGPLCZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 3
- DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl phthalate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCCCC DOIRQSBPFJWKBE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethyl phthalate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)OCC FLKPEMZONWLCSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenylamine Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1NC1=CC=CC=C1 DMBHHRLKUKUOEG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 3
- JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N molybdenum trioxide Chemical compound O=[Mo](=O)=O JKQOBWVOAYFWKG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N octogen Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)N1CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)CN([N+]([O-])=O)C1 UZGLIIJVICEWHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N potassium nitrate Chemical compound [K+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FGIUAXJPYTZDNR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 3
- POCJOGNVFHPZNS-ZJUUUORDSA-N (6S,7R)-2-azaspiro[5.5]undecan-7-ol Chemical compound O[C@@H]1CCCC[C@]11CNCCC1 POCJOGNVFHPZNS-ZJUUUORDSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N (R)-camphor Chemical compound C1C[C@@]2(C)C(=O)C[C@@H]1C2(C)C DSSYKIVIOFKYAU-XCBNKYQSSA-N 0.000 description 2
- ADCBKYIHQQCFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dimethyl-1,3-diphenylurea Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1N(C)C(=O)N(C)C1=CC=CC=C1 ADCBKYIHQQCFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RUKISNQKOIKZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-nitrodiphenylamine Chemical compound [O-][N+](=O)C1=CC=CC=C1NC1=CC=CC=C1 RUKISNQKOIKZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- NKOUWLLFHNBUDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dipropyl hexanedioate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCCC NKOUWLLFHNBUDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000028 HMX Substances 0.000 description 2
- BSPUVYFGURDFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitramine Natural products CC1C(O)CCC2CCCNC12 BSPUVYFGURDFHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000567 combustion gas Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007123 defense Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000013505 freshwater Substances 0.000 description 2
- POCJOGNVFHPZNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N isonitramine Natural products OC1CCCCC11CNCCC1 POCJOGNVFHPZNS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000395 magnesium oxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium oxide Inorganic materials [Mg]=O CPLXHLVBOLITMK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium;oxygen(2-) Chemical compound [O-2].[Mg+2] AXZKOIWUVFPNLO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M potassium hydrogencarbonate Chemical compound [K+].OC([O-])=O TYJJADVDDVDEDZ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229910000030 sodium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 235000017557 sodium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 229940039790 sodium oxalate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 230000006641 stabilisation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000011105 stabilization Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003068 static effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- WSNMPAVSZJSIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N COc1c(C)c2COC(=O)c2c(O)c1CC(O)C1(C)CCC(=O)O1 Chemical compound COc1c(C)c2COC(=O)c2c(O)c1CC(O)C1(C)CCC(=O)O1 WSNMPAVSZJSIMT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 241000723346 Cinnamomum camphora Species 0.000 description 1
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Potassium Chemical compound [K] ZLMJMSJWJFRBEC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 230000001154 acute effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006978 adaptation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001540 azides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229960000846 camphor Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229930008380 camphor Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000018109 developmental process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000011068 loading method Methods 0.000 description 1
- HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N magnesium orthosilicate Chemical compound [Mg+2].[Mg+2].[O-][Si]([O-])([O-])[O-] HCWCAKKEBCNQJP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000391 magnesium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052919 magnesium silicate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000019792 magnesium silicate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- IAGUPODHENSJEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl n-phenylcarbamate Chemical compound COC(=O)NC1=CC=CC=C1 IAGUPODHENSJEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002828 nitro derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007517 polishing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229960003975 potassium Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910000028 potassium bicarbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000015497 potassium bicarbonate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011736 potassium bicarbonate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940086066 potassium hydrogencarbonate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 235000010333 potassium nitrate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004323 potassium nitrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001953 recrystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000013557 residual solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004408 titanium dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006163 transport media Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B45/00—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product
- C06B45/18—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component
- C06B45/20—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component
- C06B45/22—Compositions or products which are defined by structure or arrangement of component of product comprising a coated component the component base containing an organic explosive or an organic thermic component the coating containing an organic compound
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
- C06B—EXPLOSIVES OR THERMIC COMPOSITIONS; MANUFACTURE THEREOF; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS EXPLOSIVES
- C06B21/00—Apparatus or methods for working-up explosives, e.g. forming, cutting, drying
- C06B21/0083—Treatment of solid structures, e.g. for coating or impregnating with a modifier
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for producing a functional high-energy Material with a layered grain containing an energy-rich plasticizer and a polymeric desensitizer.
- the invention further relates to such material.
- TLP Propellant powder
- the problem with deploying this required new high performance TLP is now to avoid unwanted side effects, i.e. on the required increased performance level still the full extended system compatibility regarding pipe (erosion, corrosion), weapon (peak gas pressures, cadence) and environment (avoidance to ensure environmentally problematic recipe components). That too should ballistic stability, i.e. the length of time within which the propellant powder filled ammunition can be fired safely and in accordance with requirements conventional propellant powders cannot be reduced.
- it is desirable that the required high-performance TLPs can be manufactured cost-effectively, i.e. starting from easily accessible, inexpensive starting materials and in particular no complex processing (such as rolling processes with multi-base TLP) need.
- the powders have a high kinetic Muzzle energy and a high thermal efficiency.
- the layered structure of the outer skin and the inner zones of the new types Powder has a burning behavior that is largely independent of the temperature of the powder body. This means that within a wide temperature range similarly high muzzle velocities and peak gas pressures result. This has to Consequence that regardless of the ambient temperature at which the ammunition fired a similarly high muzzle energy is available, i.e. the propellant powder behaves largely independent of temperature.
- the functional materials have very high bulk densities.
- the bulk density is a measure of which weight of propellant powder can be accommodated in a certain volume unit and is typically given in the unit g TLP / l. This positive property is of great importance because the shell volume of a given ammunition component is predetermined. The more amount of powder that can be accommodated in this given sleeve volume, the higher the potential that can be converted into kinetic energy. For example, with comparable peak gas pressure, a muzzle energy increased by up to 12% compared to conventional single-base TLP can be achieved.
- the object of the invention is to provide a method of the type mentioned at the outset, which allows the precise adjustment of the layer structure.
- the solution is defined by the features of claim 1.
- the plasticizer and / or the desensitizer in the form of an aqueous emulsion in the absorbent (unimpregnated) grain, i.e. diffused into the so-called green powder.
- the invention is based on the surprising finding that the impregnation
- the functional materials are also produced in an aqueous emulsion can, which also TLP with the desired layer-like structure result.
- the present invention therefore involves the process of impregnating an untreated single-base green powder in aqueous emulsion, as well as the subsequent completion to provide the functional, layered TLP.
- the invention thus differs significantly from the known methods in which Impregnations, by means of which the layer-like distribution of the explosive oil and the Have the desensitizers set specifically, typically in so-called polishing drums be performed.
- highly sensitive explosive oils such as nitroglycerin due to acute safety risks would arise and the production of larger quantities of functional high-energy Materials would complicate, if not make impossible avoided in the method according to the invention.
- the impregnation process can be carried out in a 2-step process or in a 1-step process be performed.
- the green grain is first in one aqueous emulsion treated with the explosive oil. After the exposure is finished the excess emulsion is pumped out.
- the liquid proportions in the reactor can by a Strainer to be drained. Then the powder mass (remaining in the reactor) is combined in one Another process step of an aqueous emulsion containing the polymeric desensitizer exposed. This procedure allows good control of the process parameters.
- the green grain is first of all with a treated aqueous emulsion of the explosive oil. After the exposure time, the remaining emulsion is not separated from the powder, but with the addition of the polymer Phlegmatizers continue to be used. By varying the addition times of the explosive oil or the polymeric desensitizer and the time, the concentration profiles be changed in a targeted manner.
- the 1-step process includes fewer process steps and is therefore more economical.
- auxiliaries stabilizers and / or wetting agents
- auxiliaries suppress foam formation, stabilize the emulsion or can specifically influence the penetration behavior of the active components.
- a large number of energetic plasticizers are known in powder technology. These include, in particular, low-molecular aliphatic nitric acid esters, nitro compounds, nitramines and azides.
- a class of substances which is particularly suitable for this purpose are the so-called 2-nitroxyethyl-nitramaines (alkyl-NENA) with the general structural formula I, where R 1 is an aliphatic radical.
- alkyl-NENA 2-nitroxyethyl-nitramaines
- Another particularly suitable class of substances for this are the so-called dinitro-diazaalkanes of the general formula II, where R 2 and R 3 are aliphatic radicals.
- the present invention also relates to novel functional materials which additionally contain a crystalline energy carrier in the basic matrix made of nitrocellulose.
- crystalline energy sources are known per se. These are, for example, so-called crystalline nitramines of the general formula III.
- the radical R 4 forms part of a ring system and can preferably contain further units of the structure (-CH 2 -N-NO 2 ).
- Particularly preferred compounds of structure III are hexogen IV, octogen V and CL-20 VI.
- the upper limit of the crystalline energy content is such that the maintain mechanical strength of the resulting powder grain even at low temperature remains. In order to ballistically recognize the expected positive effect, the amount should not be less than about 5%.
- These compounds of general structure III or mixtures of these therefore, in amounts between 5-80%, preferably 10-50% of the total powder mass, mixed with the nitrocellulose matrix and are homogeneously distributed in the finished grain.
- the powders pretreated in this way (which functionally correspond to the green powder) then through an impregnation process which corresponds to that described above results in layered grain structure and is also part of the present invention, treated with an energetic plasticizer and a desensitizer.
- the advantage of these layered functional materials is that they are opposite the functional materials that do not contain any crystalline energy in the grain matrix included, have an increased energy content, which thanks to the special Layer structure optimally converted into kinetic energy in a system-compatible manner can be.
- the impregnation process for the production of high-energy functional materials is described below.
- the impregnation process goes from untreated Green powder of any shape, which essentially consists of nitrocellulose with an N content between 11-13.5%.
- the green powder used can optionally be used in powder technology well-known additives for stabilization, pipe protection, softening and flare control contain.
- Known additives which are suitably used are sodium bicarbonate (CAS- #: 144-55-8), calcium carbonate to increase stability (CAS- #: 471-34-1), magnesium oxide (CAS- #: 1309-48-4), Akardit II (CAS- #: 724-18-5), Centralit I (CAS- #: 90-93-7), Centralit II (CAS- #: 611-92-7), 2-nitrodiphenylamine (CAS- #: 836-30-6) and diphenylamine (CAS- #: 122-39-4), for softening about diethyl phthalate (CAS- #: 84-66-2), camphor (CAS- #: 76-22-2), dibutyl phthalate (CAS- #: 84-74-2), Di-n-propyl adipate (CAS- #: 106-19-4) or methylphenyl urethane (CAS- #: 261-79-6), for Tube protection, e.g.
- magnesium oxide (CAS- #: 1303-48-4), molybdenum trioxide (CAS- #: 1313-27-5), Magnesium silicate (CAS- #: 14807-96-6), calcium carbonate (CAS- #: 471-34-1) or Titanium dioxide (CAS- #: 13463-67-7), and for fire suppression about sodium oxalate (CAS- #: 62-76-0), potassium bitarate (CAS- #: 868-14-4), sodium hydrogen carbonate (CAS- #: 144-55-8), Potassium hydrogen carbonate (CAS- #: 298-14-6), sodium oxalate (CAS- #: 62-76-0), potassium sulfate (CAS- #: 7778-80-5) or potassium nitrate (CAS- #: 7757-79-1).
- the green powder other known additives, for example to improve the ignition behavior and Modulation of the burning behavior, included. All of the additives mentioned are during added to the powder dough during green grain production, i.e. they are even in distributed the grain matrix. The total amount of these additives in the green grain is between 0-20% the nitrocellulose, preferably between 5-15%.
- Green powder is typically cylindrical single or multi-hole powder with a ratio of diameter / grain length between 0.5-2.0, preferably 0.9-1.5.
- the outside diameter of the green powder is in the range between 0.5-10 mm, preferably 0.5-5 mm.
- the hole diameter is between 0.03-0.7 mm.
- the green grain can known way by pressing a solvent-containing powder dough in an extruder or obtained by extrusion.
- the manufacturing method according to the invention can be one-stage or two-stage.
- the impregnation process should first be illustrated using the 2-step process:
- the above Green powder described is placed in a metallic reactor vessel, which with Lid inlet valve, bottom outlet valve, mechanical and static flow fittings and connections for vacuum and which is equipped with 1-5 times the amount Water (compared to the amount of powder to be treated) is loaded.
- the powder can first Pre-bathed with stirring for 4-24 hours at a temperature of 20-85 ° C become. Then a solution of the is for a period of 10-60 minutes Explosive oil (approx. 20% dissolved in a suitable solvent) was added, the proportion of the Explosive oil compared to the green grain used is in the range of 3-20%.
- the 1-step process is carried out analogously to the 2-step process described above with the only difference that after the exposure time of the explosive oil solution the liquid portions remain in the reactor and the desensitizing emulsion directly is added.
- the exposure times and the time the pressure drop can reduce the burn-off characteristics of the finished powder be influenced in a targeted manner.
- Suitable explosive oils can be nitroglycerin (CAS- #: 55-63-0) or diethylene glycol dinitrate (Dinitrodiglycol, CAS- #: 693-21-0) can be used. It is a multitude of connections possible, which can be used as suitable desensitizers. On the one hand the affinity with the nitrocellulose must be such that the desensitizer with the appropriate Diffuse solvent as transport medium (carrier) into the powder grain can. On the other hand, no further diffusion is allowed after the removal of the solvent occur, which would lead to a change in the distribution profile. As suitable have organic ether and ester compounds with a molecular weight between 100-100,000, preferably between 1000-10,000.
- a previously unknown novel class of functional energetic materials is obtained by replacing the explosive oils described above with less impact-sensitive (simply put: "insensitive") energetic plasticizers of the general structures I or II.
- these novel functional materials are distinguished by a particularly favorable ratio of Vo / Pmax.
- such functional materials have a favorable ratio of ⁇ Vo gTLP / ⁇ Pmax gTLP , ie the muzzle velocity per gram charge increases compared to the pressure more than with layer-like TLP based on explosive oils.
- these insensitive energetic plasticizers perform compared to conventional ones Blasting oils to lower the explosion heat by 150-200 J / g what a lowering of the flame temperature during the powder burn-up and thus an improvement the pipe life.
- R 1 C 1 -C 4 (methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, i-butyl, t-butyl), R 2 / R 3 independently of one another C 1 -C 4 2 (methyl, ethyl).
- Another class of previously unknown functional energetic materials is obtained by adding a crystalline energy source to the green grain described above admits the general formula III.
- the crystalline energy sources can optionally Before incorporation into the powder dough, the size distribution is adjusted by grinding are or if necessary cleaned by recrystallization.
- the production The green grain is used to achieve a homogeneous distribution of the crystalline Energy sources in the matrix by means of known methods such as, for example, by extrusion with the help of static mixers or by processing in twin screw extruders.
- layer-like grain structure is used as propellant bulk powder, especially for medium and Small caliber applications, suitable.
- Example 1 Manufacturing process in aqueous emulsion
- the mixture is then heated to a temperature of 85 ° C and under constant Stir pre-bathed while maintaining the temperature for 15 hours. After that at 80 ° C a mixture containing 12.5 kg nitroglycerin and 0.25 kg 2-nitrodiphenylamine, dissolved in 60 liters of ethanol, added dropwise over a period of 30 minutes. You leave now for 2 1/4 hours with optimal backmix setting (powder bed completely in Treat) and then drip over a period of 15 minutes a suspension containing 1.97 kg of a non-solid, highly viscous at room temperature Average molecular weight polyester of 3000 (which is water soluble and as The desensitizer works in 30 kg of water. Then you leave while stirring Treat for a further 2 hours at a temperature of 80 ° C.
- the moist powder is now spread evenly on coarse-mesh metal sieves and with warm air flowing through at a temperature of 60 ° C for 24 hours dried.
- the TLP is finally polished by polishing approx. 0.3% graphite and, if necessary by treatment with special moderators in the known manner in the polishing drum completed.
- the completed TLP has an explosion heat of 3999 J / g, its bulk density is 1062 g / liter.
- a muzzle velocity of 1438 m / s can be achieved with a sub-caliber arrow projectile of mass 123 g at 21 ° C while observing the weapon-approved maximum gas pressure, which corresponds to a muzzle energy of 1271 J / g TLP .
- Example 2 Manufacturing process in aqueous emulsion
- Example 1 Analogously to Example 1, 200 kg of a 7-hole green powder with an outside diameter of 2.57 mm, 2.94 mm long and an average hole diameter of 0.16 mm from the solid proportions of 1.2% Akardit-ll, 0.2% calcium carbonate, 1.4% potassium sulfate and 97.2% nitrocellulose with a nitrogen content of 13.15%, with 14.4 kg nitroglycerin and Treated 3.3 kg of the same polyester as in Example 1. That after completion The propellant powder obtained as in Example 1 has a bulk density of 1063 g / l at an explosion heat of 3961 J / g.
- a muzzle velocity of 126 g and a charge mass of 44.5 g at 21 ° C can achieve a muzzle velocity of 1063 m / s at a peak gas pressure of 4146 bar (compliance with the weapon-permissible peak gas pressure), which is a kinetic muzzle energy of 1601 J / g TLP and a thermal efficiency of 0.404.
- the resulting propellant powder has a bulk density of 1070 g / l with a heat of explosion of 3799 J / g.
- a muzzle velocity of 908 m / s can be achieved with a bullet with a mass of 126 g and a load of 44.5 g at 21 ° C, while with a load of 42 g it can reach 853 m / s.
- the same ratio has a value of only 0.07.
- Example 4 TLP with grain matrix made of nitrocellulose + crystalline energy carrier
- the propellant charge powder resulting after completion, as in Example 1, has a bulk density of 1071
- TLP in addition to the manufacturing process itself, Known TLP also proposed new TLP in which the known explosive oils NGL and DEGN are replaced by reduced-sensitivity energetic plasticizers. These TLPs are less sensitive to vibrations. To optimize performance crystalline energy sources must be added to the grain matrix.
- the resulting layered TLPs show full system compatibility a higher level of performance than normal TLP and a balanced temperature behavior on.
- the TLP are cheaper to manufacture and compared to two-based TLP do not have the disadvantageous burning properties (pipe erosion) of nitramine-containing TLP on.
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Abstract
Description
Claims (18)
- Verfahren zur Herstellung eines funktionalen hochenergetischen Materials mit schichtartig strukturiertem Korn enthaltend einen energiereichen Weichmacher und einen polymeren Phlegmatisator, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Weichmacher und/oder der Phlegmatisator in Form einer wässrigen Emulsion in das aufnahmefähige Korn eindiffundiert wird bzw. werden.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Korn im Wesentlichen aus Nitrocellulose besteht, insbesondere dass es zu mindestens 80% aus Nitrocellulose mit einem Stickstoffgehalt von 11-13.5% besteht.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Korn eine zylindrische Struktur hat mit einem Verhältnis von Durchmesser zu Länge zwischen 0.5 und 2.0, einem Aussendurchmesser zwischen 0.5 und 10 mm und dass insbesondere mindestens ein Loch, vorzugsweise mehrere Löcher mit einem Lochdurchmesser zwischen 0.03 und 0.7 mm vorhanden ist bzw. sind.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Korn durch Verpressen eines lösungsmittelhaltigen Pulverteigs aus Nitrocellulose in einer Strangpresse oder mittels Extrusion hergestellt wird, wobei der lösungsmittelhaltige Pulverteig insbesondere Substanzen der allgemeinen Struktur III mit R4 = (-CH2-N-NO2)n und n = 2 oder 3, in einem Gesamtanteil von 5-80% der Trockensubstanz des Pulverteigs enthält, wobei die beigemischten Substanzen bevorzugt die Strukturen IV, V oder VI aufweisen und deren Gesamtanteil im aufnahmefähigen Korn zwischen 10-60% liegt.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Diffusionstiefe im Bereich von 100-500 µm erzeugt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Lösung oder Emulsion des energiereichen Weichmachers in einem organischen Lösungsmittel einer Mischung von unbehandeltem Grünpulver in Wasser zugeführt wird, gefolgt von der Zugabe einer Lösung oder Emulsion des Phlegmatisators in Wasser, wobei vorzugsweise die Zugabe der Lösung oder Emulsion des energiereichen Weichmachers in einem organischen Lösungsmittel und die Lösung oder Emulsion von Phlegmatisator in Wasser bei einer Temperatur zwischen 20-85 °C vorgenommen wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zu behandelnde Grünpulver vor der Zugabe der Lösung oder Emulsion des bei Raumtemperatur flüssigen energiereichen Weichmachers in einem organischen Lösungsmittel im Reaktor unter Rühren während 4-24 Stunden bei einer Temperatur von 20-85 °C vorgebadet wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 oder 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Grünpulver in der 1- bis 5-fachen Gewichtsmenge Wasser vorgelegt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 6 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass nach beendigter Zugabe der Lösung oder Emulsion des Phlegmatisators der Druck im Reaktorkessel während 2-6 Stunden auf 400-800 mbar reduziert wird und dass die verbleibenden flüssigen Anteile durch ein Bodensieb aus dem Reaktor abgelassen werden und dass die resultierende Pulvermasse mit warmer Luft getrocknet wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass auf die getrocknete Pulvermasse in einer Poliertrommel 0.01-2% Graphit aufgetragen wird, um ein Schüttpulver mit einer Schüttdichte >1000 g/l zu erhalten.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der energiereiche Weichmacher Nitroglycerin oder Diethylenglykoldinitrat ist oder insbesondere die Struktur I oder II mit R1 = C1-C10-Alkyl, C1-C10-Alkoxy oder Aryl, R2 und R3 unabhängig voneinander C1-C5-Alkyl oder C1-C5-Alkoxy aufweist und in einer Menge von 5-20% gegenüber dem Grünpulver eingesetzt wird.
- Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass als polymerer Phlegmatisator eine organische Ether- und Esterverbindung mit einem Molekulargewicht zw. 100-100'000 verwendet wird.
- Funktionales hochenergetisches Material mit schichtartig strukturiertem Korn gebildet durch einen in ein Grünpulver eingebrachten energiereichen Weichmacher und einen polymeren Phlegmatisator, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der energiereiche Weichmacher die Struktur I oder II mit R1 = C1-C10-Alkyl, C1-C10-Alkoxy oder Aryl, R2 und R3 unabhängig voneinander C1-C5-Alkyl oder C1-C5-Alkoxy aufweist und in einer Menge von 5-20% gegenüber dem Grünpulver eingesetzt ist.
- Funktionales hochenergetisches Material nach Anspruch 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Grünpulver durch Verpressung eines lösungsmittelhaltigen Pulverteigs aus Nitrocellulose hergestellt ist, wobei der lösungsmittelhaltige Pulverteig Substanzen der Strukturen IV, V oder VI, in einem Gesamtanteil von 10-60% der Trockensubstanz des Pulverteigs enthält.
- Grünkorn zur Herstellung eines funktionalen hochenergetischen Materials mit schichtartig strukturiertem Korn enthaltend einen energiereichen Weichmacher und einen polymeren Phlegmatisator, wobei das Grünkorn durch Verpressung eines lösungsmittelhaltigen Pulverteigs aus Nitrocellulose gebildet ist, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der lösungsmittelhaltige Pulverteig Substanzen der Struktur IV, V oder VI, in einem Gesamtanteil von 10-60%der Trockensubstanz des Pulverteigs enthält.
- Treibladungspulver enthaltend ein hochenergetisches funktionales Material nach Anspruch 14.
- Munition mit einem Treibladungspulver nach Anspruch 17.
Priority Applications (6)
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EP00810520A EP1164116B1 (de) | 2000-06-15 | 2000-06-15 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines funktionalen hochenergetischen Materials |
ES00810520T ES2235813T3 (es) | 2000-06-15 | 2000-06-15 | Procedimiento para la fabricacion de un material funcional altamente energetico. |
DE50009362T DE50009362D1 (de) | 2000-06-15 | 2000-06-15 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines funktionalen hochenergetischen Materials |
AT00810520T ATE287863T1 (de) | 2000-06-15 | 2000-06-15 | Verfahren zur herstellung eines funktionalen hochenergetischen materials |
US09/879,187 US7473330B2 (en) | 2000-06-15 | 2001-06-13 | Method for producing a functional, high-energetic material |
US12/292,942 US20090208647A1 (en) | 2000-06-15 | 2008-12-01 | Method for producing a funtional, high-energy material |
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EP00810520A EP1164116B1 (de) | 2000-06-15 | 2000-06-15 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines funktionalen hochenergetischen Materials |
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EP1164116A1 true EP1164116A1 (de) | 2001-12-19 |
EP1164116B1 EP1164116B1 (de) | 2005-01-26 |
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EP00810520A Expired - Lifetime EP1164116B1 (de) | 2000-06-15 | 2000-06-15 | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines funktionalen hochenergetischen Materials |
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US (1) | US7473330B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1164116B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE287863T1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50009362D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2235813T3 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1857429A1 (de) * | 2006-05-19 | 2007-11-21 | Nitrochemie Wimmis AG | Antrieb zur Beschleunigung von Geschossen |
WO2011153655A3 (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-28 | Nitrochemie Wimmis Ag | Nitroglycerine-free multi-perforated high-performing propellant system |
CN109516890A (zh) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-03-26 | 长沙智能制造研究总院有限公司 | 一种自动化作业黑火药生产工艺 |
CN110963874A (zh) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-07 | 湖北航天化学技术研究所 | 一种以聚酯-丁羟嵌段聚合物为粘合剂的固体推进剂 |
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KR101944300B1 (ko) * | 2013-01-29 | 2019-04-17 | 니트로케미 비미스 아게 | 박격포의 탄환가속을 위한 파우더 |
US9539752B2 (en) * | 2013-08-09 | 2017-01-10 | General Dynamics Ordnance and Tactical Systems—Canada Valleyfield, Inc. | Continuous celluloid twin screw extrusion process |
ES2773322T3 (es) | 2013-09-12 | 2020-07-10 | Thales Australia Ltd | Modificador de velocidad de combustión |
AU2014328459B2 (en) | 2013-09-24 | 2018-04-05 | Thales Australia Limited | Burn rate modifier |
WO2017004726A1 (de) | 2015-07-03 | 2017-01-12 | Nitrochemie Wimmis Ag | Treibladungssystem für artilleriegeschosse |
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Cited By (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1857429A1 (de) * | 2006-05-19 | 2007-11-21 | Nitrochemie Wimmis AG | Antrieb zur Beschleunigung von Geschossen |
US8353994B2 (en) | 2006-05-19 | 2013-01-15 | Nitrochemie Wimmis Ag | Propulsion system for the acceleration of projectiles |
WO2011153655A3 (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2013-03-28 | Nitrochemie Wimmis Ag | Nitroglycerine-free multi-perforated high-performing propellant system |
AU2011264361B2 (en) * | 2011-09-15 | 2016-09-08 | Nitrochemie Wimmis Ag | Nitroglycerine-free multi-perforated high-performing propellant system |
CN109516890A (zh) * | 2019-01-10 | 2019-03-26 | 长沙智能制造研究总院有限公司 | 一种自动化作业黑火药生产工艺 |
CN110963874A (zh) * | 2019-11-28 | 2020-04-07 | 湖北航天化学技术研究所 | 一种以聚酯-丁羟嵌段聚合物为粘合剂的固体推进剂 |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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US7473330B2 (en) | 2009-01-06 |
EP1164116B1 (de) | 2005-01-26 |
US20020043316A1 (en) | 2002-04-18 |
ES2235813T3 (es) | 2005-07-16 |
DE50009362D1 (de) | 2005-03-03 |
ATE287863T1 (de) | 2005-02-15 |
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