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EP1160367A2 - Matting of low density thermoplastic material and high voids index, and a device and process for its production - Google Patents

Matting of low density thermoplastic material and high voids index, and a device and process for its production Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1160367A2
EP1160367A2 EP01201819A EP01201819A EP1160367A2 EP 1160367 A2 EP1160367 A2 EP 1160367A2 EP 01201819 A EP01201819 A EP 01201819A EP 01201819 A EP01201819 A EP 01201819A EP 1160367 A2 EP1160367 A2 EP 1160367A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
matting
filaments
projections
angle
velocity
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01201819A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1160367A3 (en
EP1160367B1 (en
Inventor
Andrea c/o Italdreni S.R.L. Siniscalco
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Officine Maccaferri SpA
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Italdreni Srl
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Filing date
Publication date
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Application filed by Italdreni Srl filed Critical Italdreni Srl
Priority to SI200130482T priority Critical patent/SI1160367T1/en
Publication of EP1160367A2 publication Critical patent/EP1160367A2/en
Publication of EP1160367A3 publication Critical patent/EP1160367A3/en
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/07—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments otherwise than in a plane, e.g. in a tubular way
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/02—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/03—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of forming fleeces or layers, e.g. reorientation of yarns or filaments at random
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion

Definitions

  • This invention relates to flexible panels or matting consisting of a plurality of entangled thermoplastic polymer filaments partly bonded together at their points of contact.
  • Such matting can be produced by two different processes, namely a so-called wet process and a so-called dry process, which give rise to products of different geometry and different mechanical characteristics.
  • non-stretched monofilament matting is obtained of virtually parallelepiped shape with flat sides, whereas with the so-called dry process the matting can present at least one profiled surface, for example with protuberances.
  • the surface profiling is obtained by dropping the filaments onto a surface provided with projections, for example a rotating cylindrical surface, or a translating web presenting a plurality of geometrical projections.
  • matting is obtained with mechanical characteristics substantially better than those of matting obtained by the wet process, and moreover the presence of said protuberances in the final product is useful in all those applications in which the purpose of the matting is substantially to retain a material, such as soil or polymer foam, which lies above it or is partially embedded in it.
  • matting obtained by the dry process is currently used presenting at least one profiled surface, it being generally positioned on inclined ground and then covered with soil.
  • a first drawback lies in the fact that the known products have a poor capacity for copenetration by cultivatable soil, because of the fact that said projections are partially impermeable to soil passage.
  • the product presents practically empty spaces below each protuberance.
  • air cells are created within said spaces which are deleterious to the development of the root system of the grass layer, the roots of which become dry and die on contact with the air.
  • An object of the present patent is to overcome the said drawbacks within the framework of a reliable low-cost solution.
  • a flexible matting of low density and high voids index the surface of which comprises a plurality of close-apart protuberances, said protuberances being hollow and provided with at least one open side in such a manner as to define a pocket or chamber to receive the material, such as soil, with which the matting is covered when installed.
  • Said matting is obtained by a dry process of the aforesaid type, using as the filament reception surface a translating surface provided with projections.
  • said projections present at least one portion inclined to the direction of movement of the surface at the moment of impact by the filament.
  • Said inclined portion is preferably flat, its inclination to the direction of movement being defined by the angle ⁇ subtended between the surface and the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement.
  • the angle ⁇ is that subtended between the tangential plane at the point considered and said perpendicular direction.
  • the translating surface carrying the projections is preferably a rotating cylindrical surface.
  • an angle ⁇ is defined subtended in the anticlockwise direction between the diametrical horizontal plane of the cylinder and the diametrical plane passing through the point of impact of the filaments.
  • the filament falling velocity is indicated by V C and the translation velocity of the surface and relative projections is indicated by V P .
  • the vector V R which expresses the relative velocity of the vertically falling filament to said inclined portion must be directed against said inclined portion with a positive angle of incidence close to zero or with a negative angle of incidence.
  • the described embodiment relates to a cylindrical translating surface provided with square-based pyramidal projections the walls of which constitute inclined portions of the translating surface, but is also suitable for a flat translating surface for which the angle ⁇ is considered equal to zero.
  • Figures 1 to 4 show the matting 1, the surface of which consists of a plurality of protuberances 2, aligned along several parallel rows and inclined at an angle of between 30° and 45° to the sides of the matting.
  • said protuberances 2 are hollow and present an open side defining a chamber 3 for receiving the material with which the matting is generally covered when installed.
  • the matting 1 is produced by the plant 4 shown in Figure 2, comprising a die 5 provided with a plurality of holes aligned along several parallel rows, through which the filaments of thermoplastic material are extruded.
  • the thermoplastic material is fed to the die via a usual extruder, not shown, at a temperature of between 160°C and 270°C.
  • Said extruder is fed in its turn by a usual hopper, not shown as it is of known type.
  • the theoretical filament extrusion velocity is between 10 and 15 m/min, and preferably about 12 m/min.
  • V C of the filament is from 1 to 1.5 times greater because of the stretching of the filament and the consequent reduction in its cross-section.
  • a rotating cylinder 8 having its axis parallel to the rows of holes in the die, and presenting on its outer surface a plurality of square-based right pyramids 9 of height preferably between 20 and 50 mm.
  • the pyramids are disposed in mutually aligned rows in the manner of a helix of predetermined inclination, preferably of between 30° and 45° to the horizontal axis of the cylinder 8.
  • the vertical falling velocity V C of the filaments must be regulated, relative to the translation velocity V P of the inclined wall of the pyramids, such that the vectorial difference between the two is a vector V R having a direction and sense such as not to encounter the wall.
  • the actual falling velocity V C of the filament has been assumed to be 20 m/min, and the modulus of the velocity V P to be 4 m/min.
  • V R is substantially parallel to the front face of the pyramid in the direction of motion, which means that said face does not encounter the falling filaments, and is hence substantially open.
  • V C In order for one of these walls, and in this case the rear wall, to be open, V C must be decreased or V P increased; the graph shows with dashed lines that vector V' R starting from which the wall begins to remain open. For this, the value of V P is 6 m/min.
  • V C perpendicular to V P
  • the relationship between the modules which has to be respected is the following: V C ⁇ V P [cos ⁇ /sin ⁇ ] i.e. V C ⁇ V P .cotan ⁇
  • ⁇ 180°
  • the front and rear walls in the direction of movement are always empty.
  • the matting 1 of the invention can also be obtained by replacing the cylinder 8 with a translating surface on which there are disposed a plurality of pyramids 9, or projections of any type provided they are suitable for the purpose.
  • said translating surface is preferably inclined to the horizontal plane by an angle of between 0° and ⁇ °, to facilitate the phenomenon.

Landscapes

  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Spinning Methods And Devices For Manufacturing Artificial Fibers (AREA)
  • Processes Of Treating Macromolecular Substances (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Shaping Of Tube Ends By Bending Or Straightening (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Manufacture Of Porous Articles, And Recovery And Treatment Of Waste Products (AREA)
  • Artificial Filaments (AREA)
  • Processing And Handling Of Plastics And Other Materials For Molding In General (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Passenger Equipment (AREA)

Abstract

Matting of interlaced and entangled filaments of low-density thermoplastic material, the matting having a high voids index and comprising a plurality of hollow protuberances arranged in several parallel rows; at least a part of said protuberances presents at least one open portion, defined by non-interlaced filaments, such as to create a chamber for receiving the material with which the matting is intended to be covered; a plant and process for producing said matting.

Description

This invention relates to flexible panels or matting consisting of a plurality of entangled thermoplastic polymer filaments partly bonded together at their points of contact.
This type of article has been known for some time and has found application in numerous technical sectors, such as soil drainage, protection against erosion, concrete reinforcement, the support and reinforcement of polymer or thermosetting foams, and the reinforcement of resins, mixes and conglomerates.
Such matting can be produced by two different processes, namely a so- called wet process and a so-called dry process, which give rise to products of different geometry and different mechanical characteristics.
These known processes are described in Italian Patents 883371, 1061875 and 1257665, to which reference should be made for further information.
With the wet process, non-stretched monofilament matting is obtained of virtually parallelepiped shape with flat sides, whereas with the so-called dry process the matting can present at least one profiled surface, for example with protuberances.
The surface profiling is obtained by dropping the filaments onto a surface provided with projections, for example a rotating cylindrical surface, or a translating web presenting a plurality of geometrical projections.
It has been observed that by using the dry process, matting is obtained with mechanical characteristics substantially better than those of matting obtained by the wet process, and moreover the presence of said protuberances in the final product is useful in all those applications in which the purpose of the matting is substantially to retain a material, such as soil or polymer foam, which lies above it or is partially embedded in it.
For these reasons, in the environmental field, matting obtained by the dry process is currently used presenting at least one profiled surface, it being generally positioned on inclined ground and then covered with soil.
To improve soil consolidation it is current practice to cover this with a grass layer, so that the grass roots act as a further soil retention element.
Such matting has however shown various drawbacks in this application.
A first drawback lies in the fact that the known products have a poor capacity for copenetration by cultivatable soil, because of the fact that said projections are partially impermeable to soil passage.
Hence after installation, the product presents practically empty spaces below each protuberance. In this manner air cells are created within said spaces which are deleterious to the development of the root system of the grass layer, the roots of which become dry and die on contact with the air.
In addition, depending on the inclination of the slope on which the matting is used, it can happen that one side of said projections lies in a horizontal position, or even inclined downwards, hence compromising the soil retention capacity of the product, which is its basic requirement.
An object of the present patent is to overcome the said drawbacks within the framework of a reliable low-cost solution.
This and further objects are attained according to the invention by a flexible matting of low density and high voids index, the surface of which comprises a plurality of close-apart protuberances, said protuberances being hollow and provided with at least one open side in such a manner as to define a pocket or chamber to receive the material, such as soil, with which the matting is covered when installed.
Said matting is obtained by a dry process of the aforesaid type, using as the filament reception surface a translating surface provided with projections.
According to the invention, said projections present at least one portion inclined to the direction of movement of the surface at the moment of impact by the filament.
Said inclined portion is preferably flat, its inclination to the direction of movement being defined by the angle α subtended between the surface and the direction perpendicular to the direction of movement.
In the case of a non-flat portion the angle α is that subtended between the tangential plane at the point considered and said perpendicular direction.
The translating surface carrying the projections is preferably a rotating cylindrical surface.
In this case an angle β is defined subtended in the anticlockwise direction between the diametrical horizontal plane of the cylinder and the diametrical plane passing through the point of impact of the filaments.
In the case of a horizontal flat translating surface the angle β is obviously zero.
The filament falling velocity is indicated by VC and the translation velocity of the surface and relative projections is indicated by VP.
These velocities are always considered as vectors.
For the required result to be achieved, the vectorial difference between VC and VP must be represented by a resultant vector VR = VC - VP which is directed in such a manner as not to intersect at least an inclined portion of the translating surface.
In other words the vector VR which expresses the relative velocity of the vertically falling filament to said inclined portion must be directed against said inclined portion with a positive angle of incidence close to zero or with a negative angle of incidence.
In this respect, if the angle of incidence is zero, the filaments slide parallel to the inclined portion and lie without entanglement, this also happening for very small angles of incidence, i.e. close to zero.
The constructional and operational characteristics of the invention will be apparent from the ensuing description of a preferred embodiment thereof given by way of non-limiting example and illustrated in the accompanying drawings.
The described embodiment relates to a cylindrical translating surface provided with square-based pyramidal projections the walls of which constitute inclined portions of the translating surface, but is also suitable for a flat translating surface for which the angle β is considered equal to zero.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a first embodiment of the product of the invention.
  • Figure 2 is a schematic perspective view of the production plant of the invention.
  • Figure 3 shows a first schematic configuration of the plant of the invention.
  • Figure 4 shows a second possible configuration of the production plant of the invention.
  • Figure 5 is an enlarged view of diagrams showing the velocities of the filaments and of the translating surface of Figure 3 and Figure 4 for various values of the angle β.
  • Figure 6 shows a further possible configuration of the plant of the invention.
    • Figures 1 to 4 show the matting 1, the surface of which consists of a plurality of protuberances 2, aligned along several parallel rows and inclined at an angle of between 30° and 45° to the sides of the matting. Specifically, said protuberances 2 are hollow and present an open side defining a chamber 3 for receiving the material with which the matting is generally covered when installed.
    The matting 1 is produced by the plant 4 shown in Figure 2, comprising a die 5 provided with a plurality of holes aligned along several parallel rows, through which the filaments of thermoplastic material are extruded. The thermoplastic material is fed to the die via a usual extruder, not shown, at a temperature of between 160°C and 270°C.
    Said extruder is fed in its turn by a usual hopper, not shown as it is of known type.
    The theoretical filament extrusion velocity is between 10 and 15 m/min, and preferably about 12 m/min.
    However the actual falling velocity VC of the filament is from 1 to 1.5 times greater because of the stretching of the filament and the consequent reduction in its cross-section.
    Below the die 5 there is provided a rotating cylinder 8 having its axis parallel to the rows of holes in the die, and presenting on its outer surface a plurality of square-based right pyramids 9 of height preferably between 20 and 50 mm.
    As can be seen from the figure, the pyramids are disposed in mutually aligned rows in the manner of a helix of predetermined inclination, preferably of between 30° and 45° to the horizontal axis of the cylinder 8.
    To obtain the matting 1 with at least one open side for passage of the material, the vertical falling velocity VC of the filaments must be regulated, relative to the translation velocity VP of the inclined wall of the pyramids, such that the vectorial difference between the two is a vector VR having a direction and sense such as not to encounter the wall.
    Figure 5 shows the velocity diagrams for the two cases of β = 90° and β = 120° in a roller of diameter 200 mm provided with pyramidal cusps with a square base of side 15 mm and having a height of 25 mm, with an angle at their vertex of 40° and an angle α of 20°.
    The actual falling velocity VC of the filament has been assumed to be 20 m/min, and the modulus of the velocity VP to be 4 m/min.
    From the graphical calculation it can be seen that with β = 120°, the resultant VR is substantially parallel to the front face of the pyramid in the direction of motion, which means that said face does not encounter the falling filaments, and is hence substantially open.
    If the filament falling velocity VC is decreased, or the modulus of the pyramid wall translation velocity VP is increased, the resultant VR becomes directed towards the wall, which is hence closed.
    With β = 90°, the graphic calculation shows that VR cuts both the front wall and the rear wall of the pyramid, which are hence closed.
    In order for one of these walls, and in this case the rear wall, to be open, VC must be decreased or VP increased; the graph shows with dashed lines that vector V'R starting from which the wall begins to remain open. For this, the value of VP is 6 m/min.
    Figure 4 shows the particular case in which β = 0°. In this case, as VC is perpendicular to VP, the relationship between the modules which has to be respected is the following: VC ≤ VP[cosα/sinα] i.e. VC ≤ VP.cotanα
    Figure 6 shows the limiting case in which β = 180°. In this case, as in the case in which β = 0°, the front and rear walls in the direction of movement are always empty.
    Those inclined portions of the projections from which VR = VC - VP is distanced are not struck by the filaments, which hence deposit in a non-interlaced condition, and leave said portions substantially permeable to the passage of the material.
    In contrast, on those portions of the projections opposite the preceding, a thickened structure of interlaced filaments is created which is impermeable to passage of the material. In this manner a chamber open on one side is defined, in the manner of a pocket, for receiving the material with which the matting 1 is covered.
    It should be noted that the matting 1 of the invention can also be obtained by replacing the cylinder 8 with a translating surface on which there are disposed a plurality of pyramids 9, or projections of any type provided they are suitable for the purpose.
    The velocity diagram appropriate for this configuration is that of Figure 4 referred to β = 0°.
    In this latter case said translating surface is preferably inclined to the horizontal plane by an angle of between 0° and α°, to facilitate the phenomenon.

    Claims (13)

    1. Matting of interlaced and entangled filaments of low-density thermoplastic material, the matting having a high voids index and comprising a plurality of hollow protuberances arranged in several parallel rows, characterised in that at least a part of said protuberances presents at least one open portion, defined by non- interlaced filaments, such as to create a chamber for receiving the material with which the matting is intended to be covered.
    2. Matting as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said protuberances are without their lower base.
    3. Matting as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that said hollow protuberances are positioned alongside each other in adjacent parallel rows.
    4. A device for manufacturing entangled monofilament matting provided with protuberances having at least one portion not occupied by the filaments, comprising a die of vertical axis for extruding parallel alignments of said filaments, a rotating cylinder positioned below said die and having its axis horizontal and parallel to said alignments, and a series of projections regularly distributed on said cylinder and having at least one portion inclined to the direction of movement, characterised in that the distance between the cylinder axis and the mean vertical plane in which the filaments fall is chosen such that the vector VR resulting from the vectorial difference between the vector VC, namely the velocity of vertical fall of the filament, and the vector VP, namely the velocity of translation of the inclined portion, cuts the inclined portion at an angle close to zero or at a negative angle.
    5. A device as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that said projections are arranged in rows mutually aligned in the manner of a helix.
    6. A device as claimed in claim 5, characterised in that said helix along which the projections are arranged has an inclination of between 30° and 40° to the cylinder axis.
    7. A device as claimed in any one of claims 4 to 6, characterised in that said projections are right pyramids.
    8. A device as claimed in claim 7, characterised in that the base of said pyramids is square.
    9. A device as claimed in claim 8, characterised in that the bases of said pyramids have at least one side in common with the adjacent pyramids.
    10. A process for producing matting of interlaced and entangled filaments of low-density thermoplastic material, comprising the steps of extruding a thermoplastic material through a die and collecting the vertically falling extruded filaments on a translating surface provided with a plurality of profiled projections having at least one portion inclined to the direction of movement, characterised in that the vector VR which expresses the relative velocity of the vertically falling filament to said inclined portion is directed against said inclined portion with a positive angle of incidence close to zero or with a negative angle of incidence.
    11. A process as claimed in claim 10, characterised in that said translating surface is a flat conveyor belt on which a plurality of right pyramidal projections are disposed.
    12. A process as claimed in claim 11, characterised in that the translation velocity VP of the belt is related to the vertical falling velocity VC of the filament by the following relationship: VC ≤ VP[cosα/sinα] where α is the half-angle at the vertex of the pyramids.
    13. A process as claimed in claim 12, characterised in that said belt is preferably inclined to the horizontal plane by an angle between 0° and α°.
    EP01201819A 2000-05-29 2001-05-15 Matting of low density thermoplastic material and high voids index, and a device and process for its production Revoked EP1160367B1 (en)

    Priority Applications (1)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    SI200130482T SI1160367T1 (en) 2000-05-29 2001-05-15 Matting of low density thermoplastic material and high voids index, and a device and process for its production

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    ITRE000060 2000-05-29
    IT2000RE000060A IT1319160B1 (en) 2000-05-29 2000-05-29 LOW DENSITY AND HIGH INDEX OF THERMOPLASTIC MATERIAL EMPTY, DEVICE AND PROCEDURE FOR ITS PRODUCTION.

    Publications (3)

    Publication Number Publication Date
    EP1160367A2 true EP1160367A2 (en) 2001-12-05
    EP1160367A3 EP1160367A3 (en) 2002-10-30
    EP1160367B1 EP1160367B1 (en) 2006-02-15

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    EP01201819A Revoked EP1160367B1 (en) 2000-05-29 2001-05-15 Matting of low density thermoplastic material and high voids index, and a device and process for its production

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    EP (1) EP1160367B1 (en)
    AT (1) ATE317923T1 (en)
    DE (1) DE60117218T2 (en)
    DK (1) DK1160367T3 (en)
    ES (1) ES2256153T3 (en)
    IT (1) IT1319160B1 (en)
    PT (1) PT1160367E (en)
    SI (1) SI1160367T1 (en)

    Cited By (7)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    WO2010074982A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-07-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Patterned spunbond fibrous webs and methods of making and using the same
    WO2012006300A1 (en) 2010-07-07 2012-01-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Patterned air-laid nonwoven fibrous webs and methods of making and using same
    IT201800005668A1 (en) * 2018-05-24 2019-11-24 Geocomposite, as well as the process for its manufacture
    WO2019224761A1 (en) * 2018-05-24 2019-11-28 Officine Maccaferri S.P.A. Geocomposite and method for the production thereof
    WO2020064725A1 (en) * 2018-09-24 2020-04-02 Geobrugg Ag Protective device, slope securing means as well as use of and method for producing the protective device
    US11313061B2 (en) 2018-07-25 2022-04-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for making three-dimensional foam-laid nonwovens
    RU2778235C1 (en) * 2018-07-25 2022-08-16 Кимберли-Кларк Ворлдвайд, Инк. Method for manufacturing three-dimensional nonwovens obtained by molding foam material

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    US4351683A (en) * 1967-10-19 1982-09-28 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of forming web material
    DE2530499C3 (en) * 1975-07-09 1978-05-24 Akzo Gmbh, 5600 Wuppertal Mat sheet and process for its manufacture
    US4212692A (en) * 1977-05-06 1980-07-15 Akzona Incorporated Matting article with process and apparatus for its production
    IT1245428B (en) * 1991-02-28 1994-09-20 Italdreni Srl Procedure for making felts starting from hot-melt filaments

    Cited By (16)

    * Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
    Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
    WO2010074982A1 (en) * 2008-12-23 2010-07-01 3M Innovative Properties Company Patterned spunbond fibrous webs and methods of making and using the same
    WO2012006300A1 (en) 2010-07-07 2012-01-12 3M Innovative Properties Company Patterned air-laid nonwoven fibrous webs and methods of making and using same
    US9771675B2 (en) 2010-07-07 2017-09-26 3M Innovative Properties Company Patterned air-laid nonwoven fibrous webs and methods of making and using same
    IT201800005668A1 (en) * 2018-05-24 2019-11-24 Geocomposite, as well as the process for its manufacture
    WO2019224761A1 (en) * 2018-05-24 2019-11-28 Officine Maccaferri S.P.A. Geocomposite and method for the production thereof
    WO2019224763A1 (en) * 2018-05-24 2019-11-28 Officine Maccaferri S.P.A. Geocomposite and method for the production thereof
    RU2791743C2 (en) * 2018-05-24 2023-03-13 Оффичине Маккаферри С.П.А. Geocomposite and its production method
    RU2789697C2 (en) * 2018-05-24 2023-02-07 Оффичине Маккаферри С.П.А. Geocomposite and its production method
    RU2778235C1 (en) * 2018-07-25 2022-08-16 Кимберли-Кларк Ворлдвайд, Инк. Method for manufacturing three-dimensional nonwovens obtained by molding foam material
    US11313061B2 (en) 2018-07-25 2022-04-26 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for making three-dimensional foam-laid nonwovens
    US11788221B2 (en) 2018-07-25 2023-10-17 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for making three-dimensional foam-laid nonwovens
    US12116706B2 (en) 2018-07-25 2024-10-15 Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. Process for making three-dimensional foam-laid nonwovens
    WO2020064725A1 (en) * 2018-09-24 2020-04-02 Geobrugg Ag Protective device, slope securing means as well as use of and method for producing the protective device
    US11773559B2 (en) 2018-09-24 2023-10-03 Geobrugg Ag Protective device, slope securing means as well as use of and method for producing the protective device
    EP3856967B1 (en) 2018-09-24 2024-04-10 Geobrugg Ag Protective device, slope securing means as well as use of and method for producing the protective device
    RU2822839C1 (en) * 2024-02-12 2024-07-15 Закрытое акционерное общество "Техполимер" Volumetric drainage geosynthetic composite mat

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    ATE317923T1 (en) 2006-03-15
    ES2256153T3 (en) 2006-07-16
    DE60117218T2 (en) 2006-07-27
    IT1319160B1 (en) 2003-09-26
    EP1160367A3 (en) 2002-10-30
    DE60117218D1 (en) 2006-04-20
    DK1160367T3 (en) 2006-06-19
    PT1160367E (en) 2006-05-31
    SI1160367T1 (en) 2006-04-30
    ITRE20000060A1 (en) 2001-11-29
    EP1160367B1 (en) 2006-02-15

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