EP1155754B1 - Mandrel for skew rolling of metallic hollow bodies in skew rolling mills - Google Patents
Mandrel for skew rolling of metallic hollow bodies in skew rolling mills Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1155754B1 EP1155754B1 EP01102440A EP01102440A EP1155754B1 EP 1155754 B1 EP1155754 B1 EP 1155754B1 EP 01102440 A EP01102440 A EP 01102440A EP 01102440 A EP01102440 A EP 01102440A EP 1155754 B1 EP1155754 B1 EP 1155754B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- piercing plug
- tip section
- section
- tip
- cited
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B25/00—Mandrels for metal tube rolling mills, e.g. mandrels of the types used in the methods covered by group B21B17/00; Accessories or auxiliary means therefor ; Construction of, or alloys for, mandrels or plugs
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
- B21B—ROLLING OF METAL
- B21B19/00—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work
- B21B19/02—Tube-rolling by rollers arranged outside the work and having their axes not perpendicular to the axis of the work the axes of the rollers being arranged essentially diagonally to the axis of the work, e.g. "cross" tube-rolling ; Diescher mills, Stiefel disc piercers or Stiefel rotary piercers
- B21B19/04—Rolling basic material of solid, i.e. non-hollow, structure; Piercing, e.g. rotary piercing mills
Definitions
- the invention relates to a piercer for the oblique rolling of metallic hollow bodies on cross rolling mills, with a clamping shaft and with one towards the tip curved course of the rolling bale, wherein the perforated dowel bale in two longitudinal sections, a tip portion and a rear longitudinal portion as a piercer main body, is divided and wherein the tip section at full cross section of a high melting point material or a high melting point material alloy consists.
- Such piercing mandrels serve as an internal tool during the oblique rolling of metallic Hollow blocks.
- the piercers are subject to high thermal and mechanical abrasives Stress. The high stress leads therefore to short Life.
- the document JP-A-62 207 503 describes a length of the tip portion between 1/10 to 1/4, thereby still resulting in a very short, high claim-relevant tip section.
- the most stressed tip section due to a more expensive choice of material for the perforated mandrel body and increases tooling costs considerably.
- the invention is based on the object, the service life of the piercer Cross-rolling of metallic, production-warm hollow blocks on cross-rolling mills taking into account the different stresses and wear of the tip section and the hole dome main body.
- the stated object is achieved in that the tip section about one third and the rear piercer basic body about two-thirds the length of the roll bale occupies and that the tip portion of a titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloy (TZM) exists.
- ZMM titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloy
- This will make the tip section longer loaded, which is compensated by the special choice of materials.
- the high-melting material or the high-melting material alloy increase in the full cross section of the tip section the life considerably.
- the inner surface becomes the metallic hollow body is qualitatively improved.
- the longer life means also a reduction in the cost of the forming tools.
- the length-adjusted Bifurcation now also allows the oblique rolling of higher and high-alloyed Materials, which used to be only partially possible.
- the use of a piercer with a tip section of special length made of a high melting point Material or from a high-melting material alloy makes the Schrägwalzen of highly alloyed materials more economical, because the service life of the Lochdornes significantly improved.
- the remaining part of the piercer can thermally and abrasively less stressed material, so that the perforated mandrel body Made of highly heat-resistant tool steel.
- the screw can be configured according to further features such that in Lochdorngrund stresses a blind hole with internal thread is provided and that the tip portion has a corresponding threaded pin. The Introducing the thread in the piercer main body is less difficult and expensive.
- the differently stressed portions of the piercing mandrel which during rolling for Use, allow a transition from the top section on the Piercer body. Accordingly, it is advantageous that the piercer main body and the tip section has a common, apart from a parting line, continuous Have history.
- the lower tool costs then allow that to a piercing mandrel body several tip sections are kept in stock.
- the top sections are already selected as appropriate with regard to their thread and the tolerances.
- the sole figure of the drawing shows a side view of the piercer with a Partial section in the area of the top section.
- the piercer 1 is clamped in a cross rolling mill via a clamping shaft 1a and works rotating.
- the piercer bale 2 is of a largest diameter formed starting with a curved to the tip course.
- the piercer bale 2 is further divided into two longitudinal sections 3 and that in a front tip section 4 and a rear longitudinal section 5, namely the perforated mandrel main body 6.
- Der Tip section 4 has a solid cross-section 4a and consists of the high melting material or from the high-melting material alloy. in the Embodiment takes the tip section 4 about a third and the rear Punch mandrel body 6 about two thirds of the length of the piercer bale 2 a.
- the tip portion 4 is made of a titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloy (TZM).
- the perforated mandrel main body 6, however, can be made of highly heat-resistant Be formed tool steel.
- the tip section 4 is connected to the piercer main body 6 by means of a thread 7 bolted.
- a thread 7 bolted.
- the perforated mandrel body 6 is a blind hole 8 with internal thread 9 provided and the tip section 4 has a corresponding Threaded pin 10.
- Aside from having a minor phase editing resulting parting line 11 has the piercing mandrel 1 from the piercer main body 6 starting to the top section 4 a common, continuous Course 12 of the rolling bale.
- the tip section 4 can be easily replaced by loosening the thread 7 in case of wear are, for a piercer main body 6 more tip sections 4 can be kept in stock.
- the tip section 4 is uncooled in and of itself.
- the perforated mandrel main body Be cooled in the usual way inside or outside.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Forging (AREA)
- Metal Rolling (AREA)
- Drilling Tools (AREA)
- Extrusion Of Metal (AREA)
- Reduction Rolling/Reduction Stand/Operation Of Reduction Machine (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft einen Lochdorn zum Schrägwalzen von metallischen Hohlkörpern auf Schrägwalzwerken, mit einem Einspannschaft und mit einem zur Spitze hin gewölbten Verlauf des Walzballens, wobei der Lochdornballen in zwei Längsabschnitte, einen Spitzenabschnitt und einen hinteren Längsabschnitt als Lochdorngrundkörper, geteilt ist und wobei der Spitzenabschnitt bei vollem Querschnitt aus einem hoch schmelzenden Werkstoff oder einer hoch schmelzenden Werkstoff-Legierung besteht.The invention relates to a piercer for the oblique rolling of metallic hollow bodies on cross rolling mills, with a clamping shaft and with one towards the tip curved course of the rolling bale, wherein the perforated dowel bale in two longitudinal sections, a tip portion and a rear longitudinal portion as a piercer main body, is divided and wherein the tip section at full cross section of a high melting point material or a high melting point material alloy consists.
Derartige Lochdorne dienen als Innenwerkzeug beim Schrägwalzen von metallischen Hohlblöcken. Die Lochdorne unterliegen einer hohen thermischen und mechanischabrasiven Beanspruchung. Die hohe Beanspruchung führt demzufolge zu kurzen Standzeiten.Such piercing mandrels serve as an internal tool during the oblique rolling of metallic Hollow blocks. The piercers are subject to high thermal and mechanical abrasives Stress. The high stress leads therefore to short Life.
Es ist vom Nachbargebiet der Walzdorne mit Walzstangen für Schrägwalzwerke bekannt (DE 196 04 969 A1), die Standzeiten durch besondere Maßnahmen zu erhöhen. Als solche Maßnahmen gelten das Ausführen der Lochdornspitze aus besonders hitzebeständigen Werkstoffen, wie z.B. technischer Keramik, die Beschichtung der Lochdornoberfläche mit Zusatzwerkstoffen, eine gesteuerte Oxidation der Oberfläche sowie eine Wasserspritz- oder Tauchkühlung im Inneren der Lochdorne mit Wasser durch die Walzstangen hindurch. Alle diese Maßnahmen waren bis jetzt wenig geeignet, die abrasive Beanspruchung der Lochdorne beim Schrägwalzen zu vermindern, so dass immer noch nicht ausreichende Standzeiten hingenommen werden müssen.It is known from the neighboring field of mandrels with rolling rods for cross rolling mills (DE 196 04 969 A1) to increase the service life by special measures. As such measures apply the execution of the piercing spike from particular heat resistant materials, e.g. technical ceramics, the coating the piercer surface with additional materials, a controlled oxidation of the surface and a water spraying or immersion cooling inside the piercer with Water through the rods. All these measures were so far little suitable to the abrasive stress of the piercing mandrels during oblique rolling reduce, so that still not enough service life be accepted have to.
Das Dokument JP - A - 62 207 503 beschreibt eine Länge des Spitzenabschnitts zwischen 1/10 bis 1/ 4 und führt dadurch immer noch zu einem sehr kurzen, hoch beanspruchsrelevanten Spitzenabschnitt. Der am höchsten beanspruchte Spitzenabschnitt bedingt dadurch eine teurere Werkstoffwahl auch für den Lochdorngrundkörper und erhöht die Werkzeugkosten beträchtlich.The document JP-A-62 207 503 describes a length of the tip portion between 1/10 to 1/4, thereby still resulting in a very short, high claim-relevant tip section. The most stressed tip section due to a more expensive choice of material for the perforated mandrel body and increases tooling costs considerably.
Das Dokument JP - A - 02 251 304 beschreibt ähnliche Längenverhältnisse Spitzenabschnitt / Lochdorngrundkörper. Es wird deutlich, dass auch dort ein wirtschaftlich ausgewogenes Längenverhältnis nicht berücksichtigt wird. Als Werkstoffe werden Molybdän, Wolfram und Niob vorgeschlagen, die demzufolge auch für den Lochdorngrundkörper zu verwenden sind.The document JP - A - 02 251 304 describes similar length ratios tip section / Piercer base body. It becomes clear that there is also an economic balanced aspect ratio is not taken into account. As materials are Molybdenum, tungsten and niobium are proposed, which therefore also for the Punch mandrel body are to be used.
Im Dokument JP - A - 63 203 205 sind ebenfalls sehr kurze Spitzenabschnitte vorgesehen, so dass sich auch hier ein etwa gleichgroßer Verschleiß von Spitzenabschnitt und Lochdorngrundkörper ergibt. Für den dortigen Lochdorngrundkörper ist auch nur eine teure Legierung auf Molybdän-Basis vorgeschlagen.The document JP-A-63 203 205 also provides very short tip sections, so that here too an approximately equal wear of tip section and piercer basic body results. For the local Lochdorngrundkörper is also proposed only an expensive molybdenum-based alloy.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Standzeiten der Lochdorne beim Schrägwalzen von metallischen, fertigungswarmen Hohlblöcken auf Schrägwalzwerken unter Berücksichtigung der unterschiedlichen Beanspruchungen und dem Verschleiß des Spitzenabschnitts und des Lochdomgrundkörpers zu verbessern.The invention is based on the object, the service life of the piercer Cross-rolling of metallic, production-warm hollow blocks on cross-rolling mills taking into account the different stresses and wear of the tip section and the hole dome main body.
Die gestellte Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, dass der Spitzenabschnitt etwa ein Drittel und der rückwärtige Lochdorngrundkörper etwa zwei Drittel der Länge des Walzballens einnimmt und dass der Spitzenabschnitt aus einer Titan-Zirkon-Molybdänlegierung (TZM) besteht. Dadurch wird der Spitzenabschnitt länger belastet, was jedoch durch die spezielle Werkstoffwahl ausgeglichen wird. Der hoch schmelzende Werkstoff oder die hoch schmelzende Werkstoff-Legierung erhöhen im vollen Querschnitt des Spitzenabschnitts die Standzeit erheblich. Außerdem wird durch die höhere Festigkeit an der Spitze des Lochdornes die Innenoberfläche des metallischen Hohlkörpers qualitativ verbessert. Die größere Standzeit bedeutet außerdem eine Verringerung der Kosten für die Umformwerkzeuge. Die längenangepasste Zweiteilung erlaubt nun zusätzlich das Schrägwalzen von höher und hochlegierten Werkstoffen, was früher nur bedingt möglich war. Der Einsatz eines Lochdornes mit einem Spitzenabschnitt spezieller Länge aus einem hoch schmelzenden Werkstoff oder aus einer hoch schmelzenden Werkstofflegierung macht das Schrägwalzen von hochlegierten Werkstoffen wirtschaftlicher, weil sich die Standzeit des Lochdornes erheblich verbessert.The stated object is achieved in that the tip section about one third and the rear piercer basic body about two-thirds the length of the roll bale occupies and that the tip portion of a titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloy (TZM) exists. This will make the tip section longer loaded, which is compensated by the special choice of materials. Of the high-melting material or the high-melting material alloy increase in the full cross section of the tip section the life considerably. Furthermore Due to the higher strength at the tip of the piercer, the inner surface becomes the metallic hollow body is qualitatively improved. The longer life means also a reduction in the cost of the forming tools. The length-adjusted Bifurcation now also allows the oblique rolling of higher and high-alloyed Materials, which used to be only partially possible. The use of a piercer with a tip section of special length made of a high melting point Material or from a high-melting material alloy makes the Schrägwalzen of highly alloyed materials more economical, because the service life of the Lochdornes significantly improved.
Gegenüber dem Spitzenabschnitt kann der übrige Teil des Lochdornes aus thermisch und abrasiv weniger beanspruchtem Material bestehen, so dass der Lochdorngrundkörper aus hoch warmfestem Werkzeugstahl gebildet ist.Opposite the tip section, the remaining part of the piercer can thermally and abrasively less stressed material, so that the perforated mandrel body Made of highly heat-resistant tool steel.
Die Verschraubung kann nach weiteren Merkmalen derart ausgestaltet sein, dass im Lochdorngrundkörper eine Sacklochbohrung mit Innengewinde vorgesehen ist und dass der Spitzenabschnitt einen korrespondierenden Gewindezapfen aufweist. Das Einbringen des Gewindes im Lochdorngrundkörper ist weniger schwierig und aufwendig.The screw can be configured according to further features such that in Lochdorngrundkörper a blind hole with internal thread is provided and that the tip portion has a corresponding threaded pin. The Introducing the thread in the piercer main body is less difficult and expensive.
Die unterschiedlich beanspruchten Abschnitte des Lochdorns, die beim Walzen zum Einsatz kommen, gestatten einen Übergang von dem Spitzenabschnitt auf den Lochdorngrundkörper. Demzufolge ist es vorteilhaft, dass der Lochdorngrundkörper und der Spitzenabschnitt einen von einer Trennfuge abgesehen gemeinsamen, stetigen Verlauf aufweisen. Die geringeren Werkzeugkosten gestatten dann, dass zu einem Lochdorngrundkörper mehrere Spitzenabschnitte am Lager gehalten werden. Die Spitzenabschnitte sind bezüglich ihres Gewindes und der Toleranzen dann schon als passend ausgesucht.The differently stressed portions of the piercing mandrel, which during rolling for Use, allow a transition from the top section on the Piercer body. Accordingly, it is advantageous that the piercer main body and the tip section has a common, apart from a parting line, continuous Have history. The lower tool costs then allow that to a piercing mandrel body several tip sections are kept in stock. The top sections are already selected as appropriate with regard to their thread and the tolerances.
Die Beanspruchung des kostengünstigen Werkstoffs des Lochdomgrundkörpers kann noch dadurch gesenkt werden, dass der Lochdorngrundkörper innen oder außen gekühlt ist.The stress of the inexpensive material of Lochdomgrundkörpers can be further reduced by the fact that the perforated mandrel body inside or outside is cooled.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung dargestellt, das nachfolgend näher erläutert wird.In the drawing, an embodiment of the invention is shown below is explained in more detail.
Die einzige Figur der Zeichnung zeigt eine Seitenansicht des Lochdornes mit einem Teilschnitt im Bereich des Spitzenabschnitts.The sole figure of the drawing shows a side view of the piercer with a Partial section in the area of the top section.
Der Lochdorn 1 wird im Schrägwalzwerk über einen Einspannschaft 1a eingespannt
und arbeitet rotierend. Der Lochdornballen 2 ist von einem größten Durchmesser
ausgehend mit einem zur Spitze gewölbten Verlauf geformt. Der Lochdornballen 2 ist
ferner in zwei Längsabschnitte 3 geteilt und zwar in einen vorderen Spitzenabschnitt
4 und einen hinteren Längsabschnitt 5, nämlich den Lochdorngrundkörper 6. Der
Spitzenabschnitt 4 besitzt einen Vollquerschnitt 4a und besteht aus dem hoch
schmelzenden Werkstoff oder aus der hoch schmelzenden Werkstoff-Legierung. Im
Ausführungsbeispiel nimmt der Spitzenabschnitt 4 etwa ein Drittel und der rückwärtige
Lochdorngrundkörper 6 etwa zwei Drittel der Länge des Lochdornballens 2 ein.
Vorzugsweise besteht der Spitzenabschnitt 4 aus einer Titan-Zirkon-Molybdän-Legierung
(TZM). Der Lochdorngrundkörper 6 hingegen kann aus hoch warmfestem
Werkzeugstahl gebildet sein.The piercer 1 is clamped in a cross rolling mill via a
Der Spitzenabschnitt 4 wird mit dem Lochdorngrundkörper 6 mittels eines Gewindes
7 verschraubt. Dazu ist im Lochdorngrundkörper 6 eine Sacklochbohrung 8 mit Innengewinde
9 vorgesehen und der Spitzenabschnitt 4 weist einen korrespondierenden
Gewindezapfen 10 auf. Abgesehen von der sich durch eine geringfügige Phasenbearbeitung
ergebenden Trennfuge 11 besitzt der Lochdorn 1 vom Lochdorngrundkörper
6 ausgehend bis in den Spitzenabschnitt 4 einen gemeinsamen, stetigen
Verlauf 12 des Walzballens.The
Der Spitzenabschnitt 4 kann bei Verschleiß leicht durch Lösen des Gewindes 7 ausgetauscht
werden, wobei für einen Lochdorngrundkörper 6 mehrere Spitzenabschnitte
4 auf Vorrat gehalten werden können.The
Der Spitzenabschnitt 4 ist an und für sich ungekühlt. Demgegenüber kann der Lochdorngrundkörper
6 in üblicher Art innen oder außen gekühlt sein. The
- 11
- Lochdompiercer
- 1a1a
- Einspannschaftclamping
- 22
- LochdornballenPiercer bales
- 33
- Längsabschnittelongitudinal sections
- 44
- Spitzenabschnitttip portion
- 4a4a
- VollquerschnittFull cross section
- 55
- Längsabschnittlongitudinal section
- 66
- LochdorngrundkörperPiercer body
- 77
- Gewindethread
- 88th
- SacklochbohrungBlind hole
- 99
- Innengewindeinner thread
- 1010
- Gewindezapfenthreaded pin
- 1111
- Trennfugeparting line
- 1212
- stetiger Verlaufsteady course
Claims (6)
- A piercing plug for transverse rolling hollow metal bodies on transverse rolling mills, with a clamping shank (1a) and with a roll barrel having a convex curve towards the tip, wherein the piercing plug roll barrel (2) is divided into two longitudinal sections (3), a tip section (4) and a rear longitudinal section (5) as the piercing plug carrier (6), and wherein the tip section (4) at its full cross-section (4a) is made from a highly meltable material or a highly meltable material alloy,
characterised in that
the tip section (4) occupies about one third and the rear piercing plug carrier (6) about two thirds of the length of the roll barrel (2), and that the tip section (4) is made from a titanium-zirconium-molybdenum alloy (TZM). - The piercing plug as cited in claim 1,
characterised in that
the piercing plug carrier (6) is formed from a very high temperature tool steel. - The piercing plug as cited in claims 1 or 2,
characterised in that
the piercing plug carrier (6) is furnished with a blind borehole (8) with internal thread (9) and that the tip section (4) has a corresponding threaded pin (10). - The piercing plug as cited in any of claims 1 to 3,
characterised in that
the piercing plug carrier (6) and the tip section (4), form a common, continuous gradient (12) of the piercing plug roll barrel (2) except for a parting line (11). - The piercing plug as cited in any of claims 1 to 4,
characterised in that
several tip sections (4) are held on the bearing for one piercing plug carrier (6). - The piercing plug as cited in any of claims 1 to 5,
characterised in that
the piercing plug carrier (6) is cooled internally or externally.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE10024246A DE10024246A1 (en) | 2000-05-17 | 2000-05-17 | Perforated mandrel for cross-rolling of metallic hollow bodies on cross-rolling mills |
| DE10024246 | 2000-05-17 |
Publications (3)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1155754A2 EP1155754A2 (en) | 2001-11-21 |
| EP1155754A3 EP1155754A3 (en) | 2004-02-04 |
| EP1155754B1 true EP1155754B1 (en) | 2005-10-05 |
Family
ID=7642436
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP01102440A Expired - Lifetime EP1155754B1 (en) | 2000-05-17 | 2001-02-03 | Mandrel for skew rolling of metallic hollow bodies in skew rolling mills |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP1155754B1 (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE305827T1 (en) |
| DE (2) | DE10024246A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2249331T3 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE60326086D1 (en) † | 2002-12-12 | 2009-03-19 | Sumitomo Metal Ind | |
| DE102007037736B4 (en) * | 2007-08-09 | 2012-11-15 | Kocks Technik Gmbh & Co. Kg | Mandrel or mandrel for a tube manufacturing process and use of such a mandrel or such a mandrel |
| CN100577849C (en) * | 2008-09-17 | 2010-01-06 | 西部金属材料股份有限公司 | Method for preparing deep drawing molybdenum belt |
| EP2889090B1 (en) * | 2012-08-24 | 2017-08-09 | Nippon Steel & Sumitomo Metal Corporation | Plug for hot pipe manufacturing |
| DE102013110725B3 (en) * | 2013-09-27 | 2015-02-12 | Vallourec Deutschland Gmbh | Hole punch with improved tool life for the production of seamless pipes |
| DE102021128128A1 (en) | 2021-10-28 | 2023-05-04 | Vallourec Deutschland Gmbh | Piercer with a piercer nose for the production of seamless tubes |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS62207503A (en) * | 1986-03-10 | 1987-09-11 | Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> | Plug for producing seamless pipe |
| JPS63203205A (en) * | 1987-02-17 | 1988-08-23 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Plug for drilling machine |
| JP2581154B2 (en) * | 1988-05-16 | 1997-02-12 | 住友金属工業株式会社 | Plug for steel pipe drilling machine |
| JPH02251304A (en) * | 1989-03-24 | 1990-10-09 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Plug for piercer |
| US5778714A (en) * | 1995-05-19 | 1998-07-14 | Nkk Corporation | Method for manufacturing seamless pipe |
-
2000
- 2000-05-17 DE DE10024246A patent/DE10024246A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2001
- 2001-02-03 DE DE50107592T patent/DE50107592D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2001-02-03 EP EP01102440A patent/EP1155754B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-02-03 AT AT01102440T patent/ATE305827T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2001-02-03 ES ES01102440T patent/ES2249331T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2249331T3 (en) | 2006-04-01 |
| DE50107592D1 (en) | 2005-11-10 |
| ATE305827T1 (en) | 2005-10-15 |
| EP1155754A3 (en) | 2004-02-04 |
| DE10024246A1 (en) | 2001-11-22 |
| EP1155754A2 (en) | 2001-11-21 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
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