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EP1144855B1 - Fuel injector with integrated flow restrictor - Google Patents

Fuel injector with integrated flow restrictor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1144855B1
EP1144855B1 EP00979438A EP00979438A EP1144855B1 EP 1144855 B1 EP1144855 B1 EP 1144855B1 EP 00979438 A EP00979438 A EP 00979438A EP 00979438 A EP00979438 A EP 00979438A EP 1144855 B1 EP1144855 B1 EP 1144855B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
control part
throttling element
fuel injection
injection device
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00979438A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1144855A2 (en
Inventor
Jaroslaw Hlousek
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1144855A2 publication Critical patent/EP1144855A2/en
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Publication of EP1144855B1 publication Critical patent/EP1144855B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0003Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0003Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure
    • F02M63/0005Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure using valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0003Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure
    • F02M63/0007Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure using electrically actuated valves

Definitions

  • injectors In fuel injector with fillable high-pressure common spaces (injectors) are used, which can be constantly subjected to the extremely high system pressure, which on the one hand allows a largely delay-free injection of fuel, but on the other hand preventing a minimum Nacheinspritzungen after the end of injection by a fast bringing about needle closing at the injection end required power.
  • EP 0 657 642 A2 refers to a fuel injection device for internal combustion engines.
  • a high-pressure accumulator is constantly in communication with the injectors.
  • the control valve is designed so that it closes its connection to the accumulator chamber during the injection pauses on the injection component and opens a connection between the injection valve and a discharge chamber.
  • the closing forces to be applied can be reduced, which are applied by spring forces.
  • Constantly increasing demands on the system pressure level require higher closing forces, which require differently dimensioned springs.
  • the available space for the movable springs space is limited.
  • DE 197 01 879 A1 also relates to a fuel injection device for internal combustion engines.
  • a controllable solenoid valve can be opened in a pressurized working space discharge channel so auf Strukturn that the control valve is movable in an open position or in a closed position.
  • pressure relief line is closed by the control edges of the control part, so that during the injection of the high fuel pressure is also present at the spring chamber, so that as a function of the opening time of the control part in the spring chamber an adjusting after the end of the return operation of the control part builds up favorable fuel pressure.
  • the control part in his sleeve surrounding it there is another throttle element, which is provided in the pressure-free discharge line.
  • the throttle in the discharge line prevents cavitation phenomena in the injection nozzle.
  • An advantage which can also be achieved with the solution according to the invention lies in the fact that, before the first start of the internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine can be vented by the throttle element on the control part of the 3/2-way valve.
  • the important for the reliability of injectors effect of the solution according to the invention is in a taking place via the throttle element, gradually adjusting pressure equalization on the nozzle needle on the one hand and the spring chamber through the throttle element and the bore on the other hand in self-adjusting malfunction of the injection valve, for example, by a non-closing solenoid valve or by clamping or rubbing the control section on the seat.
  • the pressure equalization is established within a period of time.
  • the time available over the cross section of the throttle element for the pressure compensation period determined at maximum system pressure, the maximum injection quantity.
  • the nominal injection quantity exceeding the maximum injection quantity can be deflected by appropriate dimensioning of the cross section of the throttle element in the control part so that, if it comes to an injection process with maximum injection quantity in the engine, this takes no damage.
  • a 2/2-way valve which is preferably designed as an electrically controllable solenoid valve.
  • the purpose of the 2/2-way valve 1 is to relieve a control chamber provided above the control part 2, preferably as a control slide, from the high pressure that is present, by opening a discharge channel. This causes a connection of high-pressure fuel in the supply line 18 with the high-pressure line 9, 9 ', which leads to the nozzle needle 8 of the injection nozzle 13.
  • the injection nozzle 13 of the upcoming and under high pressure fuel is injected at the start of injection in a defined metered amount in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.
  • the control part 2 which is shown in Figure 2 on an enlarged scale and in more detail, is enclosed by a sleeve which is provided with inflow and outflow bores for the fuel lines 4, 18 and the high pressure line 9.
  • the sleeve 12 in turn is embedded in a housing 21.
  • a spring chamber 7 In the housing 21 is a spring chamber 7, in which a coil spring 24th is admitted.
  • the coil spring 24 is supported on the one hand on a pair of discs 26, while it rests with the other end to an annular insert which receives a nozzle needle 8, with which the injection nozzle 13 to open and close again after injection end.
  • the high-pressure accumulator is not shown in detail in Figure 1.
  • the unpressurized discharge line 4 conveys excess fuel into a likewise not shown fuel tank.
  • the control part 2 enclosing sleeve 12 and the control part 2 are made of high quality material itself. To minimize during the relative movement between the control part 2 and surrounding sleeve 12 adjusting leakage losses, the control part 2 and the sleeve 12 are executed with the closest tolerances with respect to each other.
  • FIG. 2 shows a detailed representation of the recessed in the housing 21 control part 2, which is enclosed by a sleeve 12.
  • a closing body 15 By recorded in the injector 21 2/2-way valve 1, a closing body 15 can be opened, which closes in the rest state, acted upon by a spring element 16, provided in a stop 17 relief bore 23.
  • the relief bore 23 is designed with a small fürflußquer4.000s Structure, whereby the relief hole 23 acts as a throttle.
  • Opening into the injector housing 21, a high-pressure supply line 18 is shown, via which the supply of the injector with high-pressure fuel.
  • the high-pressure supply line 18 from the high-pressure accumulation chamber (common rail) opens into a bore of the sleeve 12.
  • the preferably designed as a control slide control part 2 is when driving the 2/2-way valve 1 in a Control chamber 22 opening discharge hole 23 free, whereby the pressure in the control chamber 22 decreases. This causes a movement of the spool 2 on the stop surface 17, which limits the control part 2 receiving bore 20 of the sleeve 12.
  • the control part 2 opens on the valve seat 3, high-pressure fuel shoots along the control stage 19 into the high-pressure lines 9, 9 'leading to the injection nozzle 13.
  • the course of the injection process can be significantly influenced by the shape of the control stage 19.
  • the fuel under high pressure acts not only on the high-pressure ducts 9, 9 'of the lines leading to the injection nozzle, but also on the control part 2 in front of the control edges 5, 6 arranged throttle element 10.
  • a disc 26 are inserted, in which the spring element 24 is supported.
  • the other end of the spring element 24 is assigned to the nozzle needle 8 facing the end of the cavity 7.
  • a further throttle element 14 is formed, which in the discharge line. 4 is provided.
  • the further throttle element 14 prevents a sudden drop in the fuel pressure below the corresponding vapor pressure, so that cavitation is prevented by the further throttle element 14.
  • the spring chamber 7 can be relieved by the opening cross-section of the throttle element 10. Through the control edges 5,6 fuel can flow back via relief line 4 in the storage tank, not shown. Depending on the selected cross section on the throttle element 10, a complete pressure relief of the spring chamber 7 can take place. With appropriate dimensioning of the throttle cross section on the throttle element 10 in the control part 2, a dependent on the engine speed residual pressure can be maintained in the spring chamber 7, whereby the nozzle opening pressure can be lifted at higher speeds.
  • the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine can advantageously be vented, which makes it easier to start the engine.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Technisches Gebiet:Technical area:

Bei Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung mit befüllbaren Hochdrucksammelräumen (Common Rail) werden Injektoren eingesetzt, die ständig mit dem extrem hohen Systemdruck beaufschlagt sein können, was einerseits ein weitgehend verzögerungsfreies Einspritzen von Kraftstoff ermöglicht, andererseits aber ein Verhindern kleinster Nacheinspritzungen nach Einspritzende durch ein schnell herbeizuführendes Nadelschließen am Spritzende erforderlich macht.In fuel injector with fillable high-pressure common spaces (injectors) are used, which can be constantly subjected to the extremely high system pressure, which on the one hand allows a largely delay-free injection of fuel, but on the other hand preventing a minimum Nacheinspritzungen after the end of injection by a fast bringing about needle closing at the injection end required power.

Stand der Technik:State of the art:

EP 0 657 642 A2 bezieht sich auf eine Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung für Brennkraftmaschinen. Ein Hochdrucksammelraum steht mit den Einspritzventilen ständig in Verbindung. Um zu vermeiden, daß der hohe Systemdruck ständig an den Einspritzventilen anliegt, ist das Steuerventil so ausgeführt, daß es während der Einspritzpausen am Einspritzbauteil dessen Verbindung zum Druckspeicherraum verschließt und eine Verbindung zwischen Einspritzventil und einem Entlastungsraum aufsteuert. Dadurch lassen sich die aufzubringenden Schließkräfte herabsetzen, die durch Federkräfte aufgebracht werden. Ständig steigende Anforderungen an die Systemdruckhöhe erfordern höhere Schließkräfte, die anders dimensionierte Federn erfordern. Der für die beweglichen Federn zur Verfügung stehende Bauraum ist jedoch begrenzt. EP 0 657 642 A2 refers to a fuel injection device for internal combustion engines. A high-pressure accumulator is constantly in communication with the injectors. In order to avoid that the high system pressure is constantly applied to the injection valves, the control valve is designed so that it closes its connection to the accumulator chamber during the injection pauses on the injection component and opens a connection between the injection valve and a discharge chamber. As a result, the closing forces to be applied can be reduced, which are applied by spring forces. Constantly increasing demands on the system pressure level require higher closing forces, which require differently dimensioned springs. The available space for the movable springs space is limited.

DE 197 01 879 A1 bezieht sich ebenfalls auf eine Kraftstoffeinspritzeinrichtung für Brennkraftmaschinen. Mittels eines ansteuerbaren Magnetventils läßt sich ein in einen unter Druck stehenden Arbeitsraum mündender Entlastungskanal derart aufsteuern, daß das Steuerventil in eine Öffnungsstellung bzw. in eine Schließstellung verfahrbar ist. DE 197 01 879 A1 also relates to a fuel injection device for internal combustion engines. By means of a controllable solenoid valve can be opened in a pressurized working space discharge channel so aufsteuern that the control valve is movable in an open position or in a closed position.

Darstellung der Erfindung:Presentation of the invention:

Mit dem am Steuerteil vorgesehenen Drosselelement kann ohne zusätzlich erforderliche Bauteile oder auf größere Schließkräfte erzeugende Schraubenfeder zurückgreifen zu müssen, eine auf das Steuerteil einwirkende Schließkrafterhöhung erzielt werden. Damit ist ein schnelleres Schließen der Düsennadel am Einspritzende sowie ein dichterer Abschluß gegen die Hochdruckversorgungsleitung vom Hochdrucksammelbehälter gewährleistet. Die Erhöhung der Schließkraft am Steuerteil verhindert das Auftreten von Nachspritzern auch kleinster Kraftstoffmengen durch Erhöhung des Druckes am Federraum. Während des Einspritzvorgangs ist der Federraum, in welchem ein Federelement eingelassen ist, mit dem unter hohem Einspritzdruck stehenden Kraftstoff beaufschlagt. Während des Einspritzvorgangs ist die neben dem Steuerteil vorgesehene Druckentlastungsleitung durch die Steuerkanten des Steuerteils verschlossen, so daß während der Einspritzung der hohe Kraftstoffdruck auch am Federraum ansteht, so daß sich als Funktion der Öffnungszeit des Steuerteils im Federraum ein den sich nach Einspritzende einstellenden Rückstellvorgang des Steuerteils begünstigender Kraftstoffdruck aufbaut.With the throttle element provided on the control element, it is possible to resort to a closing force increase acting on the control part without the need for additional components or the use of coil springs generating larger closing forces. This ensures a faster closing of the nozzle needle at the injection end and a denser seal against the high-pressure supply line from the high-pressure reservoir. The increase in the closing force on the control part prevents the occurrence of Nachspritzern even the smallest amounts of fuel by increasing the pressure at the spring chamber. During the injection process, the spring chamber, in which a spring element is embedded, is acted upon by the high injection pressure fuel. During the injection process provided next to the control part pressure relief line is closed by the control edges of the control part, so that during the injection of the high fuel pressure is also present at the spring chamber, so that as a function of the opening time of the control part in the spring chamber an adjusting after the end of the return operation of the control part builds up favorable fuel pressure.

Dem Steuerteil in seiner es umschließenden Hülse gegenüberliegend, befindet sich ein weiteres Drosselelement, welches in der druckfreien Entlastungsleitung vorgesehen ist. Nach Ende des Einspritzvorgangs verhindert die Drossel in der Entlastungsleitung, daß es in der Einspritzdüse zu Kavitationserscheinungen kommt. Bei entsprechender Dimensionierung des Querschnitts des Drosselelements kann der Federraum einerseits vollständig druckentlastet werden, andererseits kann eine vollständige Druckentlastung des Federraums dadurch unterbunden werden, daß durch eine geeignete Dimensionierung des Querschnitts des Drosselelements ein erhöhter Restdruck im Federraum voreinstellbar ist und erhalten bleibt.The control part in his sleeve surrounding it, there is another throttle element, which is provided in the pressure-free discharge line. After the end of the injection process, the throttle in the discharge line prevents cavitation phenomena in the injection nozzle. With appropriate dimensioning of the cross section of the throttle element, the spring chamber can on the one hand completely relieved of pressure, on the other hand, a complete pressure relief of the spring chamber can be prevented by an appropriate dimensioning of the cross section of the throttle element, an increased residual pressure in the spring chamber is preset and maintained.

Ein mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung weiterhin erzielbarer Vorteil liegt darin, daß vor dem ersten Start der Brennkraftmaschine eine Entlüftung der Brennkraftmaschine durch das Drosselelement am Steuerteil des 3/2-Wege-Ventils erzielbar ist.An advantage which can also be achieved with the solution according to the invention lies in the fact that, before the first start of the internal combustion engine, the internal combustion engine can be vented by the throttle element on the control part of the 3/2-way valve.

Der für die Funktionssicherheit von Einspritzventilen bedeutsame Effekt der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung liegt in einem über das Drosselelement erfolgenden, sich allmählich einstellenden Druckausgleich an der Düsennadel einerseits und dem Federraum durch das Drosselelement und die Bohrung andererseits bei sich einstellenden Funktionsstörungen am Einspritzventil beispielsweise durch ein nicht schließendes Magnetventil oder durch Klemmen oder reiben des Steuerteils am Sitz. Der Druckausgleich stellt sich innerhalb einer Zeitspanne ein. Die über den Querschnitt des Drosselelements für den Druckausgleich zur Verfügung stehende Zeitspanne bestimmt bei maximalem Systemdruck die maximale Einspritzmenge. Die die nominale Einspritzmenge übersteigende maximale Einspritzmenge kann durch geeignete Dimensionierung des Querschnitts des Drosselelements im Steuerteil so ausgelenkt werden, daß es, falls es zu einem Einspritzvorgang mit maximaler Einspritzmenge in den Motor kommt, dieser keinen Schaden nimmt.The important for the reliability of injectors effect of the solution according to the invention is in a taking place via the throttle element, gradually adjusting pressure equalization on the nozzle needle on the one hand and the spring chamber through the throttle element and the bore on the other hand in self-adjusting malfunction of the injection valve, for example, by a non-closing solenoid valve or by clamping or rubbing the control section on the seat. The pressure equalization is established within a period of time. The time available over the cross section of the throttle element for the pressure compensation period determined at maximum system pressure, the maximum injection quantity. The nominal injection quantity exceeding the maximum injection quantity can be deflected by appropriate dimensioning of the cross section of the throttle element in the control part so that, if it comes to an injection process with maximum injection quantity in the engine, this takes no damage.

Mit der auf diese Weise mechanisch gesteuerten maximalen Einspritzmenge können auch elektronische Fehlfunktionen, in Gestalt ausbleibender oder zu langer Ansteuersignale, abgefangen werden.With the maximum amount of injection mechanically controlled in this way, it is also possible to intercept electronic malfunctions, in the form of missing or too long activation signals.

Zeichnung:Drawing:

Anhand der zeichnerischen Darstellung wird die Erfindung nachstehend detaillierter erläutert.With reference to the drawing, the invention will be explained in more detail below.

Es zeigt:

Figur 1
einen über einen Hochdrucksammelraum (Common Rail) beaufschlagten Injektor und
Figur 2
das vergrößert dargestellte Steuerteil des 3/2-Wege-Ventils zwischen Magnetventil und Federraum.
It shows:
FIG. 1
a via a high-pressure accumulator (common rail) acted upon injector and
FIG. 2
the magnified control part of the 3/2-way valve between solenoid valve and spring chamber.

Ausführungsvariantenvariants

Aus der Darstellung gemäß Figur 1 geht ein über einen Hochdrucksammelraum (Common Rail) beaufschlagter Injektor hervor.From the illustration according to FIG. 1, an injector acted upon by a high-pressure accumulation space (common rail) emerges.

Am der Einspritzdüse gegenüberliegenden Ende des Injektors befindet sich ein 2/2-Wege-Ventil, welches vorzugsweise als elektrisch ansteuerbares Magnetventil ausgeführt ist. Das 2/2-Wege-Ventil 1 hat die Aufgabe, eine oberhalb des Steuerteils 2 - vorzugsweise als Steuerschieber ausgebildet- vorgesehene Steuerkammer dadurch vom anstehenden hohen Druck zu entlasten, daß ein Entlastungskanal geöffnet wird. Dies bewirkt ein in Verbindungtreten von unter hohem Druck stehenden Kraftstoff in der Versorgungsleitung 18 mit der Hochdruckleitung 9, 9', die zur Düsennadel 8 der Einspritzdüse 13 führt. Mittels der Einspritzdüse 13 wird der anstehende und unter hohem Druck stehende Kraftstoff bei Einspritzbeginn in definiert bemessener Menge in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt.At the injection nozzle opposite end of the injector is a 2/2-way valve, which is preferably designed as an electrically controllable solenoid valve. The purpose of the 2/2-way valve 1 is to relieve a control chamber provided above the control part 2, preferably as a control slide, from the high pressure that is present, by opening a discharge channel. This causes a connection of high-pressure fuel in the supply line 18 with the high-pressure line 9, 9 ', which leads to the nozzle needle 8 of the injection nozzle 13. By means of the injection nozzle 13 of the upcoming and under high pressure fuel is injected at the start of injection in a defined metered amount in the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine.

Das Steuerteil 2, welches in Figur 2 in vergrößertem Maßstab und detaillierter dargestellt ist, wird von einer Hülse umschlossen, welche mit Zuström- und Abströmbohrungen für die Kraftstoffleitungen 4, 18 sowie die Hochdruckleitung 9 versehen ist. Die Hülse 12 ihrerseits ist in einem Gehäuse 21 eingelassen. Im Gehäuse 21 befindet sich ein Federraum 7, in welchem eine Schraubenfeder 24 eingelassen ist. Die Schraubenfeder 24 stützt sich einerseits auf einem Paar Scheiben 26 ab, während sie mit dem anderen Ende an einem ringförmigen Einsatz anliegt, der eine Düsennadel 8 aufnimmt, mit der die Einspritzdüse 13 zu öffnen und nach Einspritzende wieder zu verschließen ist.The control part 2, which is shown in Figure 2 on an enlarged scale and in more detail, is enclosed by a sleeve which is provided with inflow and outflow bores for the fuel lines 4, 18 and the high pressure line 9. The sleeve 12 in turn is embedded in a housing 21. In the housing 21 is a spring chamber 7, in which a coil spring 24th is admitted. The coil spring 24 is supported on the one hand on a pair of discs 26, while it rests with the other end to an annular insert which receives a nozzle needle 8, with which the injection nozzle 13 to open and close again after injection end.

Die Verbindung des in Figur 1 dargestellten Injektors mit dem Hochdrucksammelraum (Common Rail) erfolgt via Hochdruckleitung 18. Der Hochdrucksammelraum ist in Figur 1 nicht näher dargestellt. Die drucklose Entlastungsleitung 4 fördert überflüssigen Kraftstoff in einen ebenfalls nicht dargestellten Kraftstofftank. Im Vergleich zum Injektorgehäuse 21, welches aus relativ preisgünstigem Material gefertigt werden kann, sind die das Steuerteil 2 umschließende Hülse 12 sowie das Steuerteil 2 selbst aus hochwertigem Material hergestellt. Zur Minimierung sich bei der Relativbewegung zwischen Steuerteil 2 und es umgebender Hülse 12 einstellender Leckageverluste sind das Steuerteil 2 und die Hülse 12 mit engsten Toleranzen in Bezug aufeinander ausgeführt.The connection of the injector shown in Figure 1 with the high-pressure accumulator (common rail) via the high-pressure line 18. The high-pressure accumulator is not shown in detail in Figure 1. The unpressurized discharge line 4 conveys excess fuel into a likewise not shown fuel tank. Compared to the injector 21, which can be made of relatively inexpensive material, the control part 2 enclosing sleeve 12 and the control part 2 are made of high quality material itself. To minimize during the relative movement between the control part 2 and surrounding sleeve 12 adjusting leakage losses, the control part 2 and the sleeve 12 are executed with the closest tolerances with respect to each other.

Figur 2 zeigt in detaillierter Darstellung das im Gehäuse 21 eingelassene Steuerteil 2, welches von einer Hülse 12 umschlossen ist.Figure 2 shows a detailed representation of the recessed in the housing 21 control part 2, which is enclosed by a sleeve 12.

Durch das im Injektorgehäuse 21 aufgenommene 2/2-Wege-Ventil 1 kann ein Schließkörper 15 geöffnet werden, der im Ruhezustand, beaufschlagt über ein Federelement 16, eine in einem Anschlag 17 vorgesehene Entlastungsbohrung 23 verschließt. Die Entlastungsbohrung 23 ist mit einer geringen Durchflußquerschnittsfläche ausgeführt, wodurch die Entlastungsbohrung 23 als Drossel wirkt. In das Injektorgehäuse 21 mündend ist eine Hochdruckversorgungsleitung 18 dargestellt, über die die Versorgung des Injektors mit unter Hochdruck stehendem Kraftstoff erfolgt. Die Hochdruckversorgungsleitung 18 vom Hochdrucksammelraum (Common Rail) mündet in eine Bohrung der Hülse 12. Das vorzugsweise als Steuerschieber ausgebildete Steuerteil 2 gibt bei Ansteuerung des 2/2-Wege-Ventils 1 die in eine Steuerkammer 22 mündende Entlastungsbohrung 23 frei, wodurch der Druck in der Steuerkammer 22 abnimmt. Dies bewirkt eine Bewegung des Steuerschiebers 2 auf die Anschlagfläche 17 hin, welche die das Steuerteil 2 aufnehmende Bohrung 20 der Hülse 12 begrenzt.By recorded in the injector 21 2/2-way valve 1, a closing body 15 can be opened, which closes in the rest state, acted upon by a spring element 16, provided in a stop 17 relief bore 23. The relief bore 23 is designed with a small Durchflußquerschnittsfläche, whereby the relief hole 23 acts as a throttle. Opening into the injector housing 21, a high-pressure supply line 18 is shown, via which the supply of the injector with high-pressure fuel. The high-pressure supply line 18 from the high-pressure accumulation chamber (common rail) opens into a bore of the sleeve 12. The preferably designed as a control slide control part 2 is when driving the 2/2-way valve 1 in a Control chamber 22 opening discharge hole 23 free, whereby the pressure in the control chamber 22 decreases. This causes a movement of the spool 2 on the stop surface 17, which limits the control part 2 receiving bore 20 of the sleeve 12.

Bei abnehmendem Druck in der Steuerkammer 22 öffnet das Steuerteil 2 am Ventilsitz 3, unter hohem Druck stehender Kraftstoff schießt entlang der Steuerstufe 19 in die zur Einspritzdüse 13 führenden Hochdruckleitungen 9, 9' ein. Der Verlauf des Einspritzvorgangs kann maßgeblich durch die Ausformung der Steuerstufe 19 beeinflußt werden. Der unter hohem Druck stehende Kraftstoff beaufschlagt nicht nur die Hochdruckkanäle 9, 9' der zur Einspritzdüse führenden Leitungen, sondern auch ein im Steuerteil 2 vor den Steuerkanten 5, 6 angeordnetes Drosselelement 10. Dieses -beispielsweise als kostengünstige Bohrung im Steuerteil 2 ausgeführt - Drosselelement 10 mündet in eine axiale Bohrung 11 des Steuerteils 2, welche wiederum in einen Freiraum 7 mündet. In diesem Hohlraum des Injektorgehäuses 21 sind ein Scheiben 26 eingelassen, an denen sich das Federelement 24 abstützt. Das andere Ende des Federelements 24 ist dem der Düsennadel 8 zugewandten Ende des Hohlraums 7 zugeordnet.As the pressure in the control chamber 22 decreases, the control part 2 opens on the valve seat 3, high-pressure fuel shoots along the control stage 19 into the high-pressure lines 9, 9 'leading to the injection nozzle 13. The course of the injection process can be significantly influenced by the shape of the control stage 19. The fuel under high pressure acts not only on the high-pressure ducts 9, 9 'of the lines leading to the injection nozzle, but also on the control part 2 in front of the control edges 5, 6 arranged throttle element 10. This example, as a cost-effective bore in the control part 2 executed - throttle element 10th opens into an axial bore 11 of the control part 2, which in turn opens into a free space 7. In this cavity of the injector 21, a disc 26 are inserted, in which the spring element 24 is supported. The other end of the spring element 24 is assigned to the nozzle needle 8 facing the end of the cavity 7.

Während des Einspritzvorgangs wird der Druck im Federraum 7 abhängig von der Öffnungszeit des Steuerventils 2 angehoben. Es kommt zum Druckaufbau im Hohlraum 7 auf der der Düsennadel 8 (Figur 1) abgewandten Seite. Gegen Einspritzende, d.h. das 2/2-Wege-Ventil 1 schließt, der Druck in der Steuerkammer 22 steigt demzufolge an und das Steuerteil 2 bewegt sich auf dem Ventilsitz 3 im Steuergehäuse 21 zu, erfolgt eine Entspannung der Einspritzdüse 13 durch eine Freigabe der Entlastungsleitung 4 durch die am Steuerteil 2 ausgebildeten Steuerkanten 5, 6.During the injection process, the pressure in the spring chamber 7 is raised depending on the opening time of the control valve 2. There is pressure build-up in the cavity 7 on the side facing away from the nozzle needle 8 (FIG. 1). Toward end of injection, i. the 2/2-way valve 1 closes, the pressure in the control chamber 22 increases accordingly and the control part 2 moves on the valve seat 3 in the control housing 21, takes place a relaxation of the injection nozzle 13 by a release of the discharge line 4 by the on Control part 2 formed control edges 5, 6th

Ebenfalls als Bohrung in der das Steuerteil 2 umschließenden Hülse 12 ist ein weiteres Drosselelement 14 ausgebildet, welches in der Entlastungsleitung 4 vorgesehen ist. Das weitere Drosselelement 14 verhindert ein schlagartiges Abfallen des Kraftstoffdrucks unter den entsprechenden Dampfdruck, so daß durch das weitere Drosselelement 14 Kavitation verhindert wird.Also as a bore in the control part 2 enclosing sleeve 12, a further throttle element 14 is formed, which in the discharge line. 4 is provided. The further throttle element 14 prevents a sudden drop in the fuel pressure below the corresponding vapor pressure, so that cavitation is prevented by the further throttle element 14.

Da im Federraum 7 während des Einspritzvorgangs ein kontinuierliche - entsprechend der Öffnungszeit des Steuerteils 2 - Druckerhöhung stattgefunden hat, wird durch die Schließbewegung des Steuerteils 2 auf den Federraum 7 hin eine Erhöhung des Schließdruckanstiegs für das Steuerteil 2 erzielt. Dadurch lassen sich eventuell zwischen Ventilsitz 3 und der Steuerstufe 19 einstellende Leckagen, die zu höchst unerwünschten Kraftstoffnachspritzern führen können, wirksam vermeiden.Since a continuous - corresponding to the opening time of the control part 2 - pressure increase has taken place in the spring chamber 7 during the injection process, an increase of the closing pressure increase for the control part 2 is achieved by the closing movement of the control part 2 on the spring chamber 7. As a result, possibly occurring between valve seat 3 and the control stage 19 adjusting leaks, which can lead to highly undesirable Kraftstoffnachspritzern effectively avoid.

Zwischen den einzelnen Einspritzvorgängen kann der Federraum 7 durch den Öffnungsquerschnitt des Drosselelements 10 entlastet werden. Durch die Steuerkanten 5,6 kann Kraftstoff via Entlastungsleitung 4 in den nicht näher dargestellten Vorratstank zurückströmen. Je nach gewähltem Querschnitt am Drosselelement 10 kann eine vollständige Druckentlastung des Federraums 7 erfolgen. Bei entsprechender Dimensionierung des Drosselquerschnitts am Drosselelement 10 im Steuerteil 2 kann im Federraum 7 auch ein von der Motordrehzahl abhängiger Restdruck aufrechterhalten werden, wodurch der Düsenöffnungsdruck bei höheren Drehzahlen abgehoben werden kann.Between the individual injection processes, the spring chamber 7 can be relieved by the opening cross-section of the throttle element 10. Through the control edges 5,6 fuel can flow back via relief line 4 in the storage tank, not shown. Depending on the selected cross section on the throttle element 10, a complete pressure relief of the spring chamber 7 can take place. With appropriate dimensioning of the throttle cross section on the throttle element 10 in the control part 2, a dependent on the engine speed residual pressure can be maintained in the spring chamber 7, whereby the nozzle opening pressure can be lifted at higher speeds.

Beim ersten Starten der Brennkraftmaschine kann in vorteilhafter Weise ein Entlüften der Brennräume der Brennkraftmaschine erfolgen, wodurch sich ein leichteres Starten des Motors erzielen läßt.When the internal combustion engine is first started, the combustion chambers of the internal combustion engine can advantageously be vented, which makes it easier to start the engine.

Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung können in vorteilhafter Weise nachteilige Auswirkungen von mechanischen oder elektronischen Funktionsstörungen vermieden werden. Ist beispielsweise eine Undichtigkeit am 2/2-Wege-Ventil 1 aufgetreten oder die Feder 16 gebrochen oder ist ein Klemmen des Steuerteils 2 in der Hülse 12 aufgetreten, wird die Düsennadel 8 an ihrem Sitz mit dem gleichen Druck beaufschlagt, wie auf der anderen Seite, wo sich über das Drosselelement 10, die Bohrung 11 und den Federraum 7 allmählich der gleiche Druck aufbaut. Die Zeitspanne, in der der allmähliche Aufbau des Druckgleichgewichts erfolgt, wird durch den Drosselquerschnitt am Drosselelement 10 bestimmt. Die Zeitspanne, die der Druckausgleich bei maximalem Systemdruck an der Düsennadel 8 in Anspruch nimmt, legt die maximale Einspritzmenge fest. Die maximale Einspritzmenge, die die nominale Einspritzmenge übersteigt, kann durch Vorgabe des Drosselquerschnitts am Drosselelement 10 so bestimmt werden, daß bei Einspritzung der maximalen Einspritzmenge in den Brennraum der Brennkraftmaschine diese keinen Schaden nimmt.With the solution according to the invention disadvantageous effects of mechanical or electronic malfunctions can be avoided in an advantageous manner. For example, if a leak at the 2/2-way valve 1 has occurred or the spring 16 is broken or is a jamming of the control part 2 in the sleeve 12 has occurred, the nozzle needle 8 is acted upon at its seat with the same pressure, as on the other side, where on the throttle element 10, the bore 11 and the spring chamber 7 gradually builds up the same pressure. The time span in which the gradual buildup of the pressure equilibrium takes place is determined by the throttle cross-section at the throttle element 10. The time taken by the pressure compensation at maximum system pressure at the nozzle needle 8, sets the maximum injection quantity. The maximum injection quantity, which exceeds the nominal injection quantity, can be determined by specifying the throttle cross-section at the throttle element 10 such that when the maximum injection quantity is injected into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, it does not suffer any damage.

Sollte eine elektronische Funktionsstörung in Gestalt eines zu langen Ansteuersignals am Magnetventil 1 auftreten, kann dieser Funktionsfehler durch die auf mechanischem Wege durch entsprechende Dimensionierung der Querschnittsfläche des Drosselelements 10 abgefangen werden, da die maximale Einspritzmenge auf mechanischem Wege vorgegeben ist.Should an electronic malfunction occur in the form of a too long drive signal at the solenoid valve 1, this malfunction can be intercepted by the mechanical way by appropriate dimensioning of the cross-sectional area of the throttle element 10, since the maximum injection quantity is predetermined by mechanical means.

Claims (8)

  1. Fuel injection device for an internal combustion engine, having a common high-pressure collecting space which can be filled via a high-pressure pump and is connected to the injection valves which contain a control valve (2) which is designed as a 3/2-port directional control valve and contains control surfaces (5, 6, 19) which connect a high-pressure supply line (18) to an injection line (9, 9') or connect the injection line (9, 9') to a relief line (4), in which case the control part (2) can be activated by a controlled discharge line (23), the control part (2) containing a throttling element (10) and the throttling element (10) being connected on one side via an orifice (11) to a cavity (7), in which a spring element (24) which acts upon a nozzle needle (8) is accommodated, characterized in that the throttling element (10) is arranged between the control surfaces (5, 6) in such a manner that the throttling element (10) is continuously connected on the other side to the nozzle feed (9).
  2. Fuel injection device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the relief line (4) contains a further throttling element (14) which avoids cavitation when the injection nozzle (13) is relieved from pressure.
  3. Fuel injection device according to Claim 1, characterized in that closing of the relief line (4) by means of the control ramps (5, 6) of the control part (2) causes an increase in the closing pressure acting on the said control part.
  4. Fuel injection device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the dimensioning of the cross section of the throttling element (10) enables the cavity (7) to be completely relieved from pressure.
  5. Fuel injection device according to Claim 1, characterized in that depending on the speed of the internal combustion engine, the dimensioning of the cross section of the throttling element (10) enables a residual pressure which increases the opening pressure of the injection nozzle (13) to be set in the cavity (7).
  6. Fuel injection device according to Claim 1, characterized in that the throttling element (10) enables air to be evacuated from the cavity (7) when the internal combustion engine is first started up.
  7. Fuel injection device according to Claim 1, characterized in that during malfunctions of the control part (2) the throttling element (10) on the control part (2) enables pressure compensation between the nozzle needle (8) and the cavity (7) to arise.
  8. Fuel injection device according to Claim 7, characterized in that when the maximum system pressure is present the cross section of the throttling element (10) enables the difference in time of the pressure compensation arising at the nozzle needle (8) to be predetermined and therefore the maximum injection quantity to be limited.
EP00979438A 1999-10-26 2000-10-20 Fuel injector with integrated flow restrictor Expired - Lifetime EP1144855B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19951554 1999-10-26
DE19951554A DE19951554A1 (en) 1999-10-26 1999-10-26 Fuel injector with integrated flow limitation
PCT/DE2000/003693 WO2001031193A2 (en) 1999-10-26 2000-10-20 Fuel injector with integrated flow restrictor

Publications (2)

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EP1144855A2 EP1144855A2 (en) 2001-10-17
EP1144855B1 true EP1144855B1 (en) 2007-06-13

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EP00979438A Expired - Lifetime EP1144855B1 (en) 1999-10-26 2000-10-20 Fuel injector with integrated flow restrictor

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US (1) US6745952B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1144855B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003513197A (en)
DE (2) DE19951554A1 (en)
RU (1) RU2262617C2 (en)
WO (1) WO2001031193A2 (en)

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DE10334771A1 (en) * 2003-07-30 2005-02-24 Robert Bosch Gmbh Pressure-equalizing valve for a fuel injector with pressure booster
DE10337574A1 (en) * 2003-08-14 2005-03-10 Bosch Gmbh Robert Fuel injection device for internal combustion engines
EP1584815A1 (en) * 2004-04-05 2005-10-12 Tiby M. Martin Common rail fuel injector
ES2277229T3 (en) * 2004-06-30 2007-07-01 C.R.F. Societa Consortile Per Azioni SERVOVALVULA TO CONTROL THE FUEL INJECTOR OF AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.
JP5003344B2 (en) * 2007-08-15 2012-08-15 マックス株式会社 Gas fired driving tool
US8881709B2 (en) 2009-09-02 2014-11-11 Caterpillar Inc. Fluid injector with back end rate shaping capability
ES2395182B1 (en) 2011-08-12 2013-11-28 Comexi Group Industries, Sau METHOD FOR CONTROLLING THE OPERATION OF A PRINTER MACHINE AND FLEXOGRAPHIC PRINTER MACHINE FOR IMPLEMENTATION.
CN103850999B (en) * 2012-11-29 2017-03-29 中国船舶重工集团公司第七一一研究所 For the oil pump oil inlet quantity adjusting control valve of high pressure co-rail system
RU2543926C1 (en) * 2014-04-28 2015-03-10 Федеральное государственное унитарное предприятие "Центральный ордена Трудового Красного Знамени научно-исследовательский автомобильный и автомоторный институт "НАМИ" Device for supply of fuel to diesel engine nozzle
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO2001031193A2 (en) 2001-05-03
EP1144855A2 (en) 2001-10-17
JP2003513197A (en) 2003-04-08
DE50014410D1 (en) 2007-07-26
WO2001031193A3 (en) 2001-12-27
RU2262617C2 (en) 2005-10-20
US6745952B1 (en) 2004-06-08
DE19951554A1 (en) 2001-05-10

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