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EP1143091A1 - Hand-free access device, especially for a motor vehicle - Google Patents

Hand-free access device, especially for a motor vehicle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1143091A1
EP1143091A1 EP01400694A EP01400694A EP1143091A1 EP 1143091 A1 EP1143091 A1 EP 1143091A1 EP 01400694 A EP01400694 A EP 01400694A EP 01400694 A EP01400694 A EP 01400694A EP 1143091 A1 EP1143091 A1 EP 1143091A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antennas
identifier
vehicle
hands
free
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP01400694A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1143091B1 (en
Inventor
Guy Lelandais
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Delphi Technologies Inc
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Delphi Technologies Inc
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Publication of EP1143091A1 publication Critical patent/EP1143091A1/en
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Publication of EP1143091B1 publication Critical patent/EP1143091B1/en
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G07—CHECKING-DEVICES
    • G07C—TIME OR ATTENDANCE REGISTERS; REGISTERING OR INDICATING THE WORKING OF MACHINES; GENERATING RANDOM NUMBERS; VOTING OR LOTTERY APPARATUS; ARRANGEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS FOR CHECKING NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
    • G07C9/00—Individual registration on entry or exit
    • G07C9/00174—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys
    • G07C9/00309—Electronically operated locks; Circuits therefor; Nonmechanical keys therefor, e.g. passive or active electrical keys or other data carriers without mechanical keys operated with bidirectional data transmission between data carrier and locks

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a hand access device free "to control and control access to a passenger compartment closed by at at least one door fitted with a lock with a lock, said device comprising an identification means intended to be installed in the passenger compartment and able to establish a question / answer dialogue, through a Two-way wireless communication link, with an identifier intended to be worn by a person authorized to enter the passenger compartment, to automatically control the unlocking of said lock in the event of detection of a valid identifier by said means identification, said communication link comprising, on the side means of identification, at least two transmitting antennas arranged in distant locations from each other on the periphery of said cockpit, and comprising on the side identifying at least two antennas receivers oriented along different axes to capture the fields emitted by said transmitting antennas and for producing signals electric in response to said fields, and means for processing signals connected to said receiving antennas.
  • Hands-free access devices of the above-mentioned type are now well known. They are used in particular in the automotive industry to control locking and unlocking the doors of a motor vehicle and possibly also, to control a vehicle immobilizer automobile.
  • "hands-free" access devices are not limited to such a field of application, since they can also be used to control the unlocking of a door of a building or room in a building, to which access must be limited to one or more person (s) authorized to enter said building or premises.
  • Known "hands-free" access devices use usually a radio frequency communication link, for example example at 125 kHz to communicate from the vehicle to the identifier worn by the driver or passenger of the vehicle, the response of the identifier to the vehicle being returned by the same link radiofrequency or by an ultra high communication link frequency (UHF), for example in one of the frequency bands ISM such as the 315 MHz, 433 MHz, 868 Mhz, 915 MHz and 2.4 GHz.
  • UHF ultra high communication link frequency
  • the communication link (s) have a effective range of at least a few meters, so that the doors of the vehicle can only be unlocked if the authorized person with the identifier is near the vehicle in an area corresponding to said useful range, and the doors of the vehicle are locked automatically when the authorized person leaves this zoned.
  • the various transmitting antennas connected to the device vehicle identification are generally used to allow location of the authorized person wearing the identifier, in particular to determine if it is inside or outside the vehicle and, if it is outside the vehicle, to determine if it is on the left side or on the side right or at the rear of the vehicle near the luggage compartment or tailgate of said vehicle.
  • the identifier carried by the authorized person contains the most often three receiving antennas oriented respectively according to the three axes of a system of orthogonal reference axes. Such a provision is usually made to avoid "holes reception "which, if the identifier included only one antenna receiving, could occur in the event that said identifier presents certain orientations in relation to the antenna (s) transmitter (s) transmitting the signal generated by the identification device on-board the vehicle, even if the identifier is in the area corresponding to the useful range of said transmitting antennas. With a identifier comprising three receiving antennas oriented as indicated above, it is practically certain that at least one of the three receiving antennas will receive a signal from the transmitting antenna (s).
  • the present invention therefore aims to provide another solution to the problem of hacking a "hands-free" access device whatever the type of its communication link, radio frequency or UHF, but preferably radio frequency.
  • the "hands-free" access device is characterized in that said means for processing signals comprises a discriminating means capable of distinguishing whether the fields received by said receiving antennas come from said transmitting antennas or a single pirate transmitting antenna, for authorize a response from the identifier to the means of identification in the first case and prohibit said response in the second case.
  • the basic principle of the present invention is to use the three-dimensional capacity of the antenna network of certain identifiers comprising several receiving antennas, in order to define with precision the orientation and possibly the amplitude of a field given magnetic, for example at 125 kHz, depending on its origin in the vehicle.
  • a vehicle 1 equipped with a "hands-free" access device comprising essentially an identification device 2, installed on board the vehicle, and an identifier 3 intended to be worn by the driver of the vehicle or other person authorized to drive or access the vehicle enter.
  • the identification device 2 is electrically connected to several transmitting antennas which are spaced from each other on the body of the motor vehicle.
  • two front side transmitting antennas F and F ' arranged respectively on the left and right sides of vehicle 1, two rear side transmitting antennas R and R 'arranged respectively on the left and right side of said vehicle, and a transmitting antenna rear T, arranged substantially in the middle of the cover 4 of the luggage.
  • the antennas F and F ' are installed for example on the doors front 5 and 6 of vehicle 1, for example at the handles of exterior doors.
  • All antennas F, F ', R, R' and T can be formed for example by coils, the coils F, F ', R and R' having their axes oriented for example horizontally or substantially horizontally and the coil T having for example its axis oriented vertically or substantially vertically.
  • the antiphons or coils F, F ', R, R' and T are excited at a predefined frequency, for example at 125 kHz, by excitation means included in the identification device 2, they produce magnetic fields whose field lines are designated respectively by the symbols LCF, LCF ', LCR, LCR' and LCT in Figure 1.
  • antennas F, F ', R, R' and T are of course possible.
  • the identifier 3 which can for example be included in a keychain or consisting of a badge having the format of a card credit, carries at least two receiving antennas, preferably three receiving antennas not shown in Figure 1, but designated respectively by X, Y and Z in Figures 2 to 4.
  • the three antennas X, Y and Z for example coils, are preferably oriented respectively along the three axes of a system of orthogonal axes of reference linked to identifier 3.
  • the latter also includes, so known per se, a means of processing the electrical signals produced by the X, Y and Z antennas in response to the magnetic fields received by these from one or more of the transmitting antennas F, F ', R, R' and T installed on the vehicle 1.
  • This processing means of signals is arranged to control the transmission, by one or more X, Y and Z antennas or by a specific information antenna, such as a user code, to the device 2 in the motor vehicle 1.
  • the signal processing means further includes, as as will be seen below, a discriminating means capable of distinguishing in a short time window if the magnetic fields received by them three receiving antennas X, Y and Z with identifier 3 have orientations as they come from the transmitting antennas of the vehicle 1 or if the magnetic field comes from a single antenna.
  • the single antenna is considered as a source hacker and the signal processing means inhibits the transmission of information from the identifier 3 to the identification device 2.
  • the means discriminator included in the signal processing means the identifier 3 is arranged to determine that of the three antennas receptors X, Y and Z which, at a given time, produces the strongest signal.
  • the discriminating means can consist, for example, of the specific integrated circuit (suitably programmed microprocessor) usually included in identifier 3. Such an integrated circuit has most often such a discriminatory function, but in the known "hands-free" access devices this function is usually used to store and process only the strongest of the three signals received by the receiving antennas.
  • the excitation means included in the device identification 2 are arranged to excite at least two of the antennas transmitters installed on vehicle 1, preferably three antennas transmitters according to a predefined sequence in a time window predefined.
  • the excitation means can excite any first the three antennas F, R and T according to said predefined sequence in a first time window, then the three transmitting antennas F ', R' and T according to said predefined sequence or another sequence predefined in a next time window, and finally the three transmitting antennas R, R 'and T according to said predefined sequence or yet another predefined sequence in a third window temporal.
  • the identifier 3 is in the zone Z 1 , as shown in FIG. 1, and that the three antennas F, R and T which cover this zone Z 1 are excited sequentially in the order FRT.
  • the identifier has an orientation in the zone Z 1 such that its three receiving antennas X, Y and Z occupy the positions shown in FIG. 2 relative to the field lines LCF, LCR and LCT produced respectively by the transmitting antennas F, R and T, the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal when the transmitting antenna F is excited is the antenna X, the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal when the transmitting antenna R is excited is the antenna Z and the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal when the transmitting antenna T is excited is the antenna X.
  • the discriminator means included in the signal processing means of the identifier 3 determines that the strongest signals are received by the receiving antennas X, Z and X in this order, and it records the sequence XZX in a memory of the medium d e signal processing.
  • the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal when the transmitting antenna F is energized is the antenna X
  • the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal when the antenna transmitting R is excited is the Y antenna
  • the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal when the transmitting antenna T is energized is antenna Z.
  • the discriminating means included in the identifier signal processing means determines that the most strong signals are received according to the X-Y-Z sequence and it records this sequence in said memory.
  • the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal when the antenna transmitting F is excited is the Y antenna
  • the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal when the transmitting antenna R is energized is the antenna X
  • the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal when the antenna transmitting T is excited is the antenna Z.
  • the sequence Y-X-Z is determined by the discriminator means included in the means of signal processing of the identifier and this sequence is recorded in the aforementioned memory.
  • the discriminator means included in identifier 3 may then, in service, compare the sequence of strongest signals received by X, Y and Z receiving antennas in response to sequential excitation transmitting antennas F, R and T, to the sequences recorded at in memory, and if the sequence of the strongest signals received corresponds to one of the sequences recorded, it will deduce therefrom that the magnetic fields received come from the transmitting antennas of the vehicle, and it will then allow the identifier to send a response to the motor vehicle 1.
  • the discriminating means carry out the phase of the aforementioned comparison.
  • the discriminator could be content with determine that it receives in sequence, in a time window preset, stronger signals received by multiple antennas receptors.
  • the receiving antenna which strongest signal will stay the same all the time, i.e. either antenna X, antenna Y, or antenna Z during the short time window corresponding to an expected transmission sequence of the vehicle 1. Consequently, in this situation, the means discriminator will determine that the received signal is a pirate signal and it will prevent the identifier from responding to the pirate signal received, and the system of pirate relay will not be able to relay any response to the device identification on board the vehicle, so that the doors of it will remain locked.
  • the antennas transmitters F, F ', R, R' and T emit at the same frequency, by example at 125 kHz.
  • the antennas receivers should be tuned in frequency, although this is not not imperative for the transmission of information (taking into account manufacturing tolerances, the antenna resonant frequencies are generally within a range of ⁇ 10% from the nominal frequency).
  • the identification device 2 can advantageously be provided with means allowing to scan the frequencies emitted by the transmitting antennas around a predefined center frequency, for example around 125 kHz, so that the transmitted frequency passes through the frequency of resonance of each of the receiving antennas X, Y and Z. It is also possible to deliberately detune the antennas receivers and / or transmitters in order to improve the effectiveness of the discrimination.
  • the transmission can be carried out simultaneously by several antennas at different levels in order to control the orientation of the magnetic field at a given location.
  • the frequencies emitted can be advantageously different or scanned in order to obtain rotating field vectors, possibly in a coded arrangement.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Lock And Its Accessories (AREA)

Abstract

The identification system establishes a question and answer dialogue with an identification device carried by the owner. A bi-directional wireless communication is used, enabling the unlocking of the vehicle doors when the identification device has been validated by the system. Communication is supported by at least two aerials (F, F', R, R', T) situated around the edge of the vehicle near to the doors. The access control system for a vehicle includes a lock associated with each door (5-8), and an identification system installed within the vehicle cabin. The identification system establishes a question and answer dialogue with an identification device carried by the owner. A bi-directional wireless communication is used, enabling the unlocking of the vehicle doors when the identification device has been validated by the system. Communication is support by at least two aerials (F, F', R, R', T) situated around the edge of the vehicle near to the doors. The identification device comprises at least two aerials with different orientation to detect the field emitted by the aerial and produce an electrical response. The device also contains a processing circuit able to generate a response signal, but also able to differentiate between the valid vehicle signal and a pirate signal.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif d'accès "mains libres" pour contrôler et commander l'accès à un habitacle fermé par au moins une porte équipée d'une serrure avec verrou, ledit dispositif comprenant un moyen d'identification destiné à être installé dans l'habitacle et apte à établir un dialogue question/réponse, par une liaison de communication bidirectionnelle sans fil, avec un identifiant destiné à être porté par une personne habilitée à pénétrer dans l'habitacle, pour commander automatiquement le déverrouillage de ladite serrure en cas de détection d'un identifiant valide par ledit moyen d'identification, ladite liaison de communication comportant, du côté moyen d'identification, au moins deux antennes émettrices disposées en des emplacements distants l'un de l'autre à la périphérie dudit habitacle, et comportant du côté identifiant au moins deux antennes réceptrices orientées suivant des axes différents pour capter les champs émis par lesdites antennes émettrices et pour produire des signaux électriques en réponse auxdits champs, et un moyen de traitement de signaux connecté auxdites antennes réceptrices.The present invention relates to a hand access device free "to control and control access to a passenger compartment closed by at at least one door fitted with a lock with a lock, said device comprising an identification means intended to be installed in the passenger compartment and able to establish a question / answer dialogue, through a Two-way wireless communication link, with an identifier intended to be worn by a person authorized to enter the passenger compartment, to automatically control the unlocking of said lock in the event of detection of a valid identifier by said means identification, said communication link comprising, on the side means of identification, at least two transmitting antennas arranged in distant locations from each other on the periphery of said cockpit, and comprising on the side identifying at least two antennas receivers oriented along different axes to capture the fields emitted by said transmitting antennas and for producing signals electric in response to said fields, and means for processing signals connected to said receiving antennas.

Les dispositifs d'accès "mains libres" du genre susindiqué sont maintenant bien connus. Ils sont utilisés notamment dans le domaine de l'industrie automobile pour commander le verrouillage et le déverrouillage des portes d'un véhicule automobile et, éventuellement aussi, pour commander un dispositif d'anti-démarrage du véhicule automobile. Toutefois, les dispositifs d'accès "mains libres" ne sont pas limités à un tel domaine d'application, car ils peuvent être aussi utilisés pour commander le déverrouillage d'une porte d'un bâtiment ou d'un local dans un bâtiment, auquel l'accès doit être limité à une ou des personne(s) autorisée(s) à pénétrer dans ledit bâtiment ou ledit local.Hands-free access devices of the above-mentioned type are now well known. They are used in particular in the automotive industry to control locking and unlocking the doors of a motor vehicle and possibly also, to control a vehicle immobilizer automobile. However, "hands-free" access devices are not limited to such a field of application, since they can also be used to control the unlocking of a door of a building or room in a building, to which access must be limited to one or more person (s) authorized to enter said building or premises.

Les dispositifs d'accès "mains libres" connus utilisent habituellement une liaison de communication radiofréquence, par exemple à 125 kHz pour communiquer du véhicule vers l'identifiant porté par le conducteur ou un passager du véhicule, la réponse de l'identifiant vers le véhicule étant renvoyée par la même liaison radiofréquence ou par une liaison de communication ultra haute fréquence (UHF), par exemple dans l'une des bandes de fréquences ISM telles que les bandes 315 MHz, 433 MHz, 868 Mhz, 915 MHz et 2,4 GHz. Habituellement, la ou les liaisons de communication ont une portée utile de quelques mètres au moins, de sorte que les portières du véhicule ne peuvent être déverrouillées que si la personne autorisée portant l'identifiant se trouve à proximité du véhicule dans une zone correspondant à ladite portée utile, et les portes du véhicule sont verrouillées automatiquement lorsque la personne autorisée sort de cette zone.Known "hands-free" access devices use usually a radio frequency communication link, for example example at 125 kHz to communicate from the vehicle to the identifier worn by the driver or passenger of the vehicle, the response of the identifier to the vehicle being returned by the same link radiofrequency or by an ultra high communication link frequency (UHF), for example in one of the frequency bands ISM such as the 315 MHz, 433 MHz, 868 Mhz, 915 MHz and 2.4 GHz. Usually, the communication link (s) have a effective range of at least a few meters, so that the doors of the vehicle can only be unlocked if the authorized person with the identifier is near the vehicle in an area corresponding to said useful range, and the doors of the vehicle are locked automatically when the authorized person leaves this zoned.

Les diverses antennes émettrices connectées au dispositif d'identification embarqué dans le véhicule sont généralement utilisées pour permettre une localisation de la personne autorisée portant l'identifiant, en particulier pour déterminer si elle se trouve à l'intérieur ou à l'extérieur du véhicule et, dans le cas où elle est à l'extérieur du véhicule, pour déterminer si elle se trouve du côté gauche ou du côté droit ou encore à l'arrière du véhicule près du coffre à bagages ou du hayon dudit véhicule.The various transmitting antennas connected to the device vehicle identification are generally used to allow location of the authorized person wearing the identifier, in particular to determine if it is inside or outside the vehicle and, if it is outside the vehicle, to determine if it is on the left side or on the side right or at the rear of the vehicle near the luggage compartment or tailgate of said vehicle.

L'identifiant porté par la personne autorisée comporte le plus souvent trois antennes réceptrices orientées respectivement selon les trois axes d'un système d'axes orthogonaux de référence. Une telle disposition est habituellement prévue pour éviter des "trous de réception" qui, si l'identifiant ne comportait qu'une seule antenne réceptrice, pourraient se produire dans le cas où ledit identifiant présente certaines orientations par rapport à la ou aux antenne(s) émettrice(s) émettant le signal engendré par le dispositif d'identification embarqué dans le véhicule, même si l'identifiant se trouve dans la zone correspondant à la portée utile desdites antennes émettrices. Avec un identifiant comportant trois antennes réceptrices orientées comme indiqué plus haut, il est pratiquement assuré qu'au moins l'une des trois antennes réceptrices recevra un signal en provenance de la ou des antenne(s) émettrice(s).The identifier carried by the authorized person contains the most often three receiving antennas oriented respectively according to the three axes of a system of orthogonal reference axes. Such a provision is usually made to avoid "holes reception "which, if the identifier included only one antenna receiving, could occur in the event that said identifier presents certain orientations in relation to the antenna (s) transmitter (s) transmitting the signal generated by the identification device on-board the vehicle, even if the identifier is in the area corresponding to the useful range of said transmitting antennas. With a identifier comprising three receiving antennas oriented as indicated above, it is practically certain that at least one of the three receiving antennas will receive a signal from the transmitting antenna (s).

Toutefois, il est connu que les dispositifs d'accès "mains libres" du genre susindiqué peuvent être relativement aisément piratés par des personnes malintentionnées utilisant un système de relais de communication entre le dispositif d'identification embarqué dans le véhicule et l'identifiant porté par la personne autorisée lorsque cette dernière s'est écartée suffisamment loin du véhicule. Pour remédier à cet inconvénient, il a été proposé des solutions basées sur la mesure du temps de propagation des ondes radios UHF ou hyperfréquence. Si le temps de propagation des ondes radios entre le moment où le dispositif d'identification embarqué dans le véhicule "interroge" un identifiant et le moment où il reçoit la réponse de l'identifiant dépasse un temps prédéterminé, la réponse de l'identifiant est invalidée et le processus de déverrouillage des portes ne pourra pas avoir lieu. De telles solutions peuvent être considérées comme des "solutions absolues", mais elles ne fonctionnent bien qu'avec des ondes radios UHF ou hyperfréquence, leur développement pose encore certains problèmes et elles sont relativement coûteuses. En outre, ces solutions sont inapplicables à des liaisons de communication radiofréquence, par exemple à 125 kHz, car cette fréquence porteuse est trop basse.However, it is known that access devices "hands "of the above-mentioned genre can be relatively easily hacked by malicious people using a relay system communication between the identification device on board the vehicle and the identifier carried by the authorized person when this the latter moved far enough from the vehicle. To remedy this disadvantage, solutions based on the measurement of the propagation time of UHF or microwave radio waves. If the propagation time of radio waves between the moment when the device on board the vehicle "interrogates" an identifier and the time it receives the response from the identifier exceeds a time predetermined, the response of the identifier is invalidated and the process of the doors cannot be unlocked. Such solutions can be considered "absolute solutions", but they do not work well with UHF or microwave radio waves, their development still poses certain problems and they are relatively expensive. In addition, these solutions are inapplicable to radiofrequency communication links, for example at 125 kHz, because this carrier frequency is too low.

La présente invention a donc pour but de fournir une autre solution au problème du piratage d'un dispositif d'accès "mains libres" quel que soit le type de sa liaison de communication, radiofréquence ou UHF, mais de préférence radiofréquence.The present invention therefore aims to provide another solution to the problem of hacking a "hands-free" access device whatever the type of its communication link, radio frequency or UHF, but preferably radio frequency.

A cet effet, le dispositif d'accès "mains libres" selon l'invention est caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen de traitement de signaux comprend un moyen discriminateur apte à distinguer si les champs reçus par lesdites antennes réceptrices proviennent desdites antennes émettrices ou d'une seule antenne émettrice pirate, pour autoriser une réponse de l'identifiant vers le moyen d'identification dans le premier cas et interdire ladite réponse dans le second cas.To this end, the "hands-free" access device according to the invention is characterized in that said means for processing signals comprises a discriminating means capable of distinguishing whether the fields received by said receiving antennas come from said transmitting antennas or a single pirate transmitting antenna, for authorize a response from the identifier to the means of identification in the first case and prohibit said response in the second case.

Le principe de base de la présente invention est d'utiliser la capacité tridimensionnelle du réseau d'antennes de certains identifiants comportant plusieurs antennes réceptrices, afin de définir avec précision l'orientation et, éventuellement, l'amplitude d'un champ magnétique donné, par exemple à 125 kHz, selon son origine dans le véhicule.The basic principle of the present invention is to use the three-dimensional capacity of the antenna network of certain identifiers comprising several receiving antennas, in order to define with precision the orientation and possibly the amplitude of a field given magnetic, for example at 125 kHz, depending on its origin in the vehicle.

Etant donné que les véhicules qui sont déjà équipés d'un dispositif d'accès "mains libres" comportent diverses antennes qui sont relativement espacées les unes des autres pour des raisons de couverture sélective, il est donc proposé, selon l'invention, de doter le moyen de traitement de signaux, incorporé dans l'identifiant, d'un pouvoir de discrimination lui permettant de déterminer, grâce à la capacité tridimensionnelle de ses antennes réceptrices, si le champ magnétique reçu par lesdites antennes réceptrices a été émis ou n'a pas été émis par les antennes espacées installées sur le véhicule automobile.Since vehicles which are already fitted with a "hands-free" access device include various antennas which are relatively spaced from each other for reasons of selective coverage, it is therefore proposed, according to the invention, to provide the signal processing means, incorporated in the identifier, of a discriminatory power allowing him to determine, thanks to the three-dimensional capacity of its receiving antennas, if the field magnetic received by said receiving antennas has been emitted or has not been emitted by the spaced antennas installed on the motor vehicle.

Si un système de relais pirate est interposé entre le véhicule automobile et la personne autorisée portant l'identifiant, l'orientation du champ mesuré par les antennes réceptrices de l'identifiant sera toujours la même dans une courte fenêtre temporelle, étant donné que, dans ce cas, il n'y a qu'une seule antenne source. Bien sûr, on pourrait imaginer qu'un premier boítier relais pirate placé à côté du véhicule analyse les paramètres et les données d'émission et transmette tous ces paramètres et données à un second boítier relais pirate placé à côté de la personne autorisée portant l'identifiant, mais on peut alors faire les trois remarques suivantes :

  • a) un système de relais pirate ne peut plus être un simple relais de signal, mais il doit comporter une liaison multicanaux de communication de données en temps réel ;
  • b) l'analyse prend un temps de traitement notable avant ou pendant la transmission, ce qui peut être aisément détecté par le dispositif d'accès "mains libres" en tant que critère de rejet ;
  • c) il faudrait, de toute façon, que le système de relais pirate comporte plusieurs seconds boítiers relais et que ces seconds boítiers relais soient placés près de la personne autorisée portant l'identifiant de manière identique aux positions des antennes émettrices installées sur le véhicule, ce qui, bien qu'imaginable, apparaít tout à fait irréaliste.
    • If a pirate relay system is interposed between the motor vehicle and the authorized person carrying the identifier, the orientation of the field measured by the receiving antennas of the identifier will always be the same in a short time window, since, in in this case, there is only one source antenna. Of course, one could imagine that a first pirate relay box placed next to the vehicle analyzes the parameters and the emission data and transmits all these parameters and data to a second pirate relay box placed next to the authorized person wearing the identifier, but we can then make the following three remarks:
  • a) a pirate relay system can no longer be a simple signal relay, but it must include a multichannel link for real-time data communication;
  • b) the analysis takes a significant processing time before or during the transmission, which can be easily detected by the “hands-free” access device as a rejection criterion;
  • c) in any case, the pirate relay system should include several second relay boxes and these second relay boxes should be placed near the authorized person carrying the identifier identically to the positions of the transmitting antennas installed on the vehicle, which, although imaginable, appears completely unrealistic.

    • Le dispositif d'accès "mains libres" selon l'invention peut, en outre, présenter une ou plusieurs des caractéristiques suivantes :

    • le dispositif d'identification comprend une antenne émettrice arrière située sensiblement au milieu du capot du coffre ou du hayon arrière du véhicule et deux antennes émettrices latérales de chaque côté droit et gauche du véhicule ;
    • les antennes émettrices latérales sont montées sur les portes avant et arrière du véhicule ;
    • l'identifiant comporte trois antennes réceptrices orientées respectivement selon les trois axes d'un système d'axes orthogonaux de référence lié à l'identifiant ;
    • la liaison de communication comprend, du côté dispositif d'identification, des moyens pour exciter les antennes émettrices selon un arrangement prédéfini et le moyen discriminateur est apte à distinguer si les champs reçus respectivement par les antennes réceptrices de l'identifiant varient selon au moins un arrangement mémorisé dans l'identifiant et correspondant audit arrangement prédéfini ;
    • le moyen discriminateur est apte à déterminer celle des trois antennes réceptrices qui, à un moment donné, produit le plus fort signal ;
    • les trois antennes émettrices du dispositif d'identification sont orientées de telle façon que l'antenne réceptrice qui produit le plus fort signal est différente selon l'antenne émettrice qui émet audit moment donné, quelle que soit l'orientation de l'identifiant dans au moins une zone prédéfinie proche du véhicule ;
    • dans un mode de réalisation de l'invention, les antennes émettrices sont excitées selon une séquence prédéfinie, et le moyen discriminateur est apte à distinguer si les antennes réceptrices produisent leur plus fort signal en séquence selon au moins une séquence mémorisée dans l'identifiant et correspondant à ladite séquence prédéfinie ;
    • dans un autre mode de réalisation de l'invention, les antennes émettrices sont excitées simultanément à des niveaux prédéfinis différents afin de contrôler l'orientation du champ résultant produit par les antennes émettrices à au moins un emplacement prédéfini proche du véhicule, les moyens d'excitation sont agencés pour faire varier selon une séquence prédéfinie les niveaux prédéfinis d'excitation des antennes émettrices afin de faire varier séquentiellement l'orientation contrôlée dudit champ résultant, de telle façon que l'antenne réceptrice qui produit le plus fort signal est différente selon l'instant considéré dans la séquence prédéfinie de variation des niveaux d'excitation des antennes émettrices, et le moyen discriminateur est apte à distinguer si les antennes réceptrices produisent leur plus fort signal en séquence selon au moins une séquence mémorisée dans l'identifiant et correspondant à ladite séquence prédéfinie ;
    • dans l'un ou l'autre mode de réalisation, le dispositif d'identification comprend un moyen de balayage de fréquences qui fait varier autour d'une fréquence prédéfinie la fréquence émise par les antennes émettrices de telle façon que la fréquence émise passe par la fréquence de résonance de chaque antenne réceptrice ;
    • les antennes réceptrices et/ou émettrices sont désaccordées.
    The “hands-free” access device according to the invention can, moreover, have one or more of the following characteristics:
    • the identification device comprises a rear transmitting antenna situated substantially in the middle of the boot lid or the rear tailgate of the vehicle and two lateral transmitting antennas on each right and left side of the vehicle;
    • the lateral transmitting antennas are mounted on the front and rear doors of the vehicle;
    • the identifier comprises three receiving antennas oriented respectively along the three axes of a system of orthogonal reference axes linked to the identifier;
    • the communication link comprises, on the identification device side, means for exciting the transmitting antennas according to a predefined arrangement and the discriminating means is capable of distinguishing whether the fields received respectively by the receiving antennas of the identifier vary according to at least one arrangement stored in the identifier and corresponding to said predefined arrangement;
    • the discriminating means is able to determine which of the three receiving antennas which, at a given moment, produces the strongest signal;
    • the three transmitting antennas of the identification device are oriented in such a way that the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal is different according to the transmitting antenna which transmits at said given moment, regardless of the orientation of the identifier in the minus a predefined area close to the vehicle;
    • in one embodiment of the invention, the transmitting antennas are excited according to a predefined sequence, and the discriminator means is capable of distinguishing whether the receiving antennas produce their strongest signal in sequence according to at least one sequence stored in the identifier and corresponding to said predefined sequence;
    • in another embodiment of the invention, the transmitting antennas are excited simultaneously to different predefined levels in order to control the orientation of the resulting field produced by the transmitting antennas at at least one predefined location close to the vehicle, the means of excitation are arranged to vary according to a predefined sequence the predefined levels of excitation of the transmitting antennas in order to sequentially vary the controlled orientation of said resulting field, so that the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal is different according to the instant considered in the predefined sequence of variation of the excitation levels of the transmitting antennas, and the discriminating means is able to distinguish if the receiving antennas produce their strongest signal in sequence according to at least one sequence memorized in the identifier and corresponding to said predefined sequence;
    • in either embodiment, the identification device comprises a frequency scanning means which varies around a predefined frequency the frequency emitted by the transmitting antennas so that the emitted frequency passes through the resonant frequency of each receiving antenna;
    • the receiving and / or transmitting antennas are detuned.

    D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention apparaítront au cours de la description suivante d'un mode de réalisation donné à titre d'exemple en référence aux dessins annexés, sur lesquels :

    • la figure 1 est une vue schématique de dessus d'un véhicule automobile équipé d'un dispositif d'accès "mains libres" selon l'invention ;
    • les figures 2 à 4 sont des schémas illustrant trois exemples de situations, parmi d'autres, pouvant être rencontrées en service par les trois antennes réceptrices d'un identifiant placé dans les champs produits par trois antennes émettrices espacées installées sur le véhicule automobile.
    Other characteristics and advantages of the invention will appear during the following description of an embodiment given by way of example with reference to the appended drawings, in which:
    • Figure 1 is a schematic top view of a motor vehicle equipped with a "hands-free" access device according to the invention;
    • Figures 2 to 4 are diagrams illustrating three examples of situations, among others, which may be encountered in service by the three antennae receiving an identifier placed in the fields produced by three spaced apart antennae installed on the motor vehicle.

    En se reportant à la figure 1, on peut voir un véhicule 1 équipé d'un dispositif d'accès "mains libres" comportant essentiellement un dispositif d'identification 2, installé à bord du véhicule, et un identifiant 3 destiné à être porté par le conducteur du véhicule ou une autre personne autorisée à conduire le véhicule ou à y pénétrer.Referring to Figure 1, we can see a vehicle 1 equipped with a "hands-free" access device comprising essentially an identification device 2, installed on board the vehicle, and an identifier 3 intended to be worn by the driver of the vehicle or other person authorized to drive or access the vehicle enter.

    Le dispositif d'identification 2 est relié électriquement à plusieurs antennes émettrices qui sont espacées les unes des autres sur la carrosserie du véhicule automobile. Par exemple, il peut être prévu deux antennes émettrices latérales avant F et F', disposées respectivement sur les côtés gauche et droit du véhicule 1, deux antennes émettrices latérales arrière R et R' disposées respectivement du côté gauche et du côté droit dudit véhicule, et une antenne émettrice arrière T, disposée sensiblement au milieu du capot 4 du coffre à bagages. Les antennes F et F' sont installées par exemple sur les portes avant 5 et 6 du véhicule 1, par exemple au niveau des poignées de porte extérieures. Les antennes R et R' sont installées par exemple sur les portes arrières 7 et 8 du véhicule, par exemple au niveau des poignées de porte extérieures.The identification device 2 is electrically connected to several transmitting antennas which are spaced from each other on the body of the motor vehicle. For example, it can be expected two front side transmitting antennas F and F ', arranged respectively on the left and right sides of vehicle 1, two rear side transmitting antennas R and R 'arranged respectively on the left and right side of said vehicle, and a transmitting antenna rear T, arranged substantially in the middle of the cover 4 of the luggage. The antennas F and F 'are installed for example on the doors front 5 and 6 of vehicle 1, for example at the handles of exterior doors. The antennas R and R 'are installed for example on the rear doors 7 and 8 of the vehicle, for example at the exterior door handles.

    Toutes les antennes F, F', R, R' et T peuvent être constituées par exemple par des bobines, les bobines F, F', R et R' ayant leurs axes orientés par exemple horizontalement ou sensiblement horizontalement et la bobine T ayant par exemple son axe orienté verticalement ou sensiblement verticalement.All antennas F, F ', R, R' and T can be formed for example by coils, the coils F, F ', R and R' having their axes oriented for example horizontally or substantially horizontally and the coil T having for example its axis oriented vertically or substantially vertically.

    Lorsque les antiennes ou bobines F, F', R, R' et T sont excitées à une fréquence prédéfinie, par exemple à 125 kHz, par des moyens d'excitation inclus dans le dispositif d'identification 2, elles produisent des champs magnétiques dont les lignes de champ sont désignées respectivement par les symboles LCF, LCF', LCR, LCR' et LCT dans la figure 1.When the antiphons or coils F, F ', R, R' and T are excited at a predefined frequency, for example at 125 kHz, by excitation means included in the identification device 2, they produce magnetic fields whose field lines are designated respectively by the symbols LCF, LCF ', LCR, LCR' and LCT in Figure 1.

    Il est ainsi défini, à l'extérieur du véhicule 1, trois zones Z1, Z2 et Z3 en chaque point desquelles les lignes de champ produites par les antennes F-R-T ou F'-R'-T ou R-R'-T se croisent perpendiculairement ou à peu près perpendiculairement.It is thus defined, outside the vehicle 1, three zones Z 1 , Z 2 and Z 3 at each point of which the field lines produced by the antennas FRT or F'-R'-T or R-R'- T intersect perpendicularly or approximately perpendicularly.

    D'autres positions et d'autres orientations sont bien entendu possibles pour les antennes F, F', R, R' et T. Par exemple, les antennes F et F' peuvent être disposées dans les rétroviseurs latéraux, les antennes R et R' peuvent être disposées sur un montant de porte de la carrosserie et l'antenne T peut être disposée sur le toit du véhicule.Other positions and other orientations are of course possible for antennas F, F ', R, R' and T. For example, antennas F and F 'can be arranged in the side mirrors, the antennas R and R 'can be arranged on a door jamb of the body and the antenna T can be arranged on the roof of the vehicle.

    L'identifiant 3, qui peut être par exemple inclus dans un porte-clé ou constitué par un badge ayant le format d'une carte de crédit, porte au moins deux antennes réceptrices, de préférence trois antennes réceptrices non montrées dans la figure 1, mais désignées respectivement par X, Y et Z dans les figures 2 à 4. Les trois antennes X, Y et Z, par exemple des bobines, sont, de préférence, orientées respectivement selon les trois axes d'un système d'axes orthogonaux de référence lié à l'identifiant 3. Ce dernier comporte aussi, de façon connue en soi, un moyen de traitement des signaux électriques produits par les antennes X, Y et Z en réponse aux champs magnétiques reçus par celles-ci en provenance d'une ou plusieurs des antennes émettrices F, F', R, R' et T installées sur le véhicule 1. Ce moyen de traitement de signaux est agencé pour commander l'émission, par une ou plusieurs des antennes X, Y et Z ou par une antenne spécifique, d'informations, comme par exemple un code utilisateur, vers le dispositif d'identification 2 dans le véhicule automobile 1.The identifier 3, which can for example be included in a keychain or consisting of a badge having the format of a card credit, carries at least two receiving antennas, preferably three receiving antennas not shown in Figure 1, but designated respectively by X, Y and Z in Figures 2 to 4. The three antennas X, Y and Z, for example coils, are preferably oriented respectively along the three axes of a system of orthogonal axes of reference linked to identifier 3. The latter also includes, so known per se, a means of processing the electrical signals produced by the X, Y and Z antennas in response to the magnetic fields received by these from one or more of the transmitting antennas F, F ', R, R' and T installed on the vehicle 1. This processing means of signals is arranged to control the transmission, by one or more X, Y and Z antennas or by a specific information antenna, such as a user code, to the device 2 in the motor vehicle 1.

    Toutefois, dans le dispositif d'accès "mains libres" selon l'invention, le moyen de traitement de signaux inclut en outre, comme on le verra plus loin, un moyen discriminateur apte à distinguer dans une courte fenêtre temporelle si les champs magnétiques reçus par les trois antennes réceptrices X, Y et Z de l'identifiant 3 ont des orientations telles qu'ils proviennent bien des antennes émettrices du véhicule 1 ou si le champ magnétique provient d'une unique antenne. Dans ce dernier cas, l'unique antenne est considérée comme une source pirate et le moyen de traitement de signaux inhibe la transmission des informations de l'identifiant 3 vers le dispositif d'identification 2.However, in the "hands-free" access device according to the invention, the signal processing means further includes, as as will be seen below, a discriminating means capable of distinguishing in a short time window if the magnetic fields received by them three receiving antennas X, Y and Z with identifier 3 have orientations as they come from the transmitting antennas of the vehicle 1 or if the magnetic field comes from a single antenna. In the latter case, the single antenna is considered as a source hacker and the signal processing means inhibits the transmission of information from the identifier 3 to the identification device 2.

    Dans un mode préféré de réalisation de l'invention, le moyen discriminateur inclus dans le moyen de traitement de signaux de l'identifiant 3 est agencé pour déterminer celle des trois antennes réceptrices X, Y et Z qui, à un moment donné, produit le plus fort signal. Le moyen discriminateur peut être constitué par exemple par le circuit intégré spécifique (microprocesseur convenablement programmé) habituellement inclus dans l'identifiant 3. Un tel circuit intégré possède le plus souvent une telle fonction de discrimination, mais dans les dispositifs d'accès "mains libres" connus cette fonction est habituellement utilisée pour ne conserver et ne traiter que le plus fort des trois signaux reçus par les antennes réceptrices.In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the means discriminator included in the signal processing means the identifier 3 is arranged to determine that of the three antennas receptors X, Y and Z which, at a given time, produces the strongest signal. The discriminating means can consist, for example, of the specific integrated circuit (suitably programmed microprocessor) usually included in identifier 3. Such an integrated circuit has most often such a discriminatory function, but in the known "hands-free" access devices this function is usually used to store and process only the strongest of the three signals received by the receiving antennas.

    En outre, les moyens d'excitation inclus dans le dispositif d'identification 2 sont agencés pour exciter au moins deux des antennes émettrices installées sur le véhicule 1, de préférence trois antennes émettrices selon une séquence prédéfinie dans une fenêtre temporelle prédéfinie. Par exemple, les moyens d'excitation peuvent exciter tout d'abord les trois antennes F, R et T selon ladite séquence prédéfinie dans une première fenêtre temporelle, puis les trois antennes émettrices F', R' et T selon ladite séquence prédéfinie ou une autre séquence prédéfinie dans une fenêtre temporelle suivante, et enfin les trois antennes émettrices R, R' et T selon ladite séquence prédéfinie ou encore une autre séquence prédéfinie dans une troisième fenêtre temporelle. In addition, the excitation means included in the device identification 2 are arranged to excite at least two of the antennas transmitters installed on vehicle 1, preferably three antennas transmitters according to a predefined sequence in a time window predefined. For example, the excitation means can excite any first the three antennas F, R and T according to said predefined sequence in a first time window, then the three transmitting antennas F ', R' and T according to said predefined sequence or another sequence predefined in a next time window, and finally the three transmitting antennas R, R 'and T according to said predefined sequence or yet another predefined sequence in a third window temporal.

    On supposera maintenant par exemple que l'identifiant 3 se trouve dans la zone Z1, comme montré dans la figure 1, et que les trois antennes F, R et T qui couvrent cette zone Z1 sont excitées séquentiellement dans l'ordre F-R-T. Dans ces conditions, si l'identifiant a dans la zone Z1 une orientation telle que ses trois antennes réceptrices X, Y et Z occupent les positions montrées dans la figure 2 par rapport aux lignes de champ LCF, LCR et LCT produites respectivement par les antennes émettrices F, R et T, l'antenne réceptrice qui produit le plus fort signal quand l'antenne émettrice F est excitée est l'antenne X, l'antenne réceptrice qui produit le plus fort signal quand l'antenne émettrice R est excitée est l'antenne Z et l'antenne réceptrice qui produit le plus fort signal quand l'antenne émettrice T est excitée est l'antenne X. En conséquence, en réponse à l'excitation séquentielle des antennes émettrices F, R et T dans cet ordre, le moyen discriminateur inclus dans le moyen de traitement de signaux de l'identifiant 3 détermine que les signaux les plus forts sont reçus par les antennes réceptrices X, Z et X dans cet ordre, et il enregistre la séquence X-Z-X dans une mémoire du moyen de traitement de signaux.We will now assume for example that the identifier 3 is in the zone Z 1 , as shown in FIG. 1, and that the three antennas F, R and T which cover this zone Z 1 are excited sequentially in the order FRT. Under these conditions, if the identifier has an orientation in the zone Z 1 such that its three receiving antennas X, Y and Z occupy the positions shown in FIG. 2 relative to the field lines LCF, LCR and LCT produced respectively by the transmitting antennas F, R and T, the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal when the transmitting antenna F is excited is the antenna X, the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal when the transmitting antenna R is excited is the antenna Z and the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal when the transmitting antenna T is excited is the antenna X. Consequently, in response to the sequential excitation of the transmitting antennas F, R and T in this order, the discriminator means included in the signal processing means of the identifier 3 determines that the strongest signals are received by the receiving antennas X, Z and X in this order, and it records the sequence XZX in a memory of the medium d e signal processing.

    Dans la situation représentée sur la figure 3, en supposant encore que les trois antennes émettrices F, R et T sont excitées séquentiellement dans l'ordre F-R-T, l'antenne réceptrice qui produit le plus fort signal lorsque l'antenne émettrice F est excitée est l'antenne X, l'antenne réceptrice qui produit le plus fort signal quand l'antenne émettrice R est excitée est l'antenne Y et l'antenne réceptrice qui produit le plus fort signal quand l'antenne émettrice T est excitée est l'antenne Z. Dans ce cas, le moyen discriminateur inclus dans le moyen de traitement de signaux de l'identifiant détermine que les plus forts signaux sont reçus selon la séquence X-Y-Z et il enregistre cette séquence dans ladite mémoire.In the situation shown in Figure 3, assuming still that the three transmitting antennas F, R and T are excited sequentially in order F-R-T, the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal when the transmitting antenna F is energized is the antenna X, the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal when the antenna transmitting R is excited is the Y antenna and the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal when the transmitting antenna T is energized is antenna Z. In this case, the discriminating means included in the identifier signal processing means determines that the most strong signals are received according to the X-Y-Z sequence and it records this sequence in said memory.

    De même, dans la situation représentée sur la figure 4, l'antenne réceptrice qui produit le plus fort signal quand l'antenne émettrice F est excitée est l'antenne Y, l'antenne réceptrice qui produit le plus fort signal quand l'antenne émettrice R est excitée est l'antenne X et l'antenne réceptrice qui produit le plus fort signal quand l'antenne émettrice T est excitée est l'antenne Z. Dans ce cas, la séquence Y-X-Z est déterminée par le moyen discrimateur inclus dans le moyen de traitement de signaux de l'identifiant et cette séquence est enregistrée dans la mémoire susmentionnée.Similarly, in the situation represented in FIG. 4, the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal when the antenna transmitting F is excited is the Y antenna, the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal when the transmitting antenna R is energized is the antenna X and the receiving antenna which produces the strongest signal when the antenna transmitting T is excited is the antenna Z. In this case, the sequence Y-X-Z is determined by the discriminator means included in the means of signal processing of the identifier and this sequence is recorded in the aforementioned memory.

    On voit donc que si on a enregistré au préalable dans la mémoire de l'identifiant 3 un certain nombre de séquences, comme les séquences X-Z-X, X-Y-Z, Y-X-Z, correspondant aux situations les plus probables de l'identifiant par rapport aux lignes des champs magnétiques produits par les trois antennes émettrices F, R et T, le moyen discriminateur inclus dans l'identifiant 3 pourra ensuite, en service, comparer la séquence des signaux les plus forts, reçus par les antennes réceptrices X, Y et Z en réponse à l'excitation séquentielle des antennes émettrices F, R et T, aux séquences enregistrées au préalable dans la mémoire, et si la séquence des signaux les plus forts reçus correspond à une des séquences enregistrées, il en déduira que les champs magnétiques reçus proviennent bien des antennes émettrices du véhicule, et il autorisera alors l'identifiant à envoyer une réponse vers le véhicule automobile 1.So we can see that if we previously registered in the memory of identifier 3 a certain number of sequences, such as sequences X-Z-X, X-Y-Z, Y-X-Z, corresponding to the most more likely of the identifier compared to the lines of the fields magnets produced by the three transmitting antennas F, R and T, the discriminator means included in identifier 3 may then, in service, compare the sequence of strongest signals received by X, Y and Z receiving antennas in response to sequential excitation transmitting antennas F, R and T, to the sequences recorded at in memory, and if the sequence of the strongest signals received corresponds to one of the sequences recorded, it will deduce therefrom that the magnetic fields received come from the transmitting antennas of the vehicle, and it will then allow the identifier to send a response to the motor vehicle 1.

    Toutefois, pour la mise en oeuvre de l'invention, il n'est pas absolument indispensable que le moyen discriminateur effectue la phase de comparaison susmentionnée. Dans une version simplifiée de l'invention, le moyen discriminateur pourrait se contenter de déterminer qu'il reçoit en séquence, dans une fenêtre temporelle prédéfinie, des signaux plus forts reçus par plusieurs antennes réceptrices.However, for the implementation of the invention, it is not absolutely essential that the discriminating means carry out the phase of the aforementioned comparison. In a simplified version of invention, the discriminator could be content with determine that it receives in sequence, in a time window preset, stronger signals received by multiple antennas receptors.

    Par contre, si l'identifiant 3 se trouve dans le champ magnétique engendré par une source émettrice unique, comme cela serait le cas avec un boítier relais pirate, l'antenne réceptrice qui produit le plus fort signal restera en permanence la même, c'est-à-dire soit l'antenne X, soit l'antenne Y, soit l'antenne Z pendant la courte fenêtre temporelle correspondant à une séquence d'émission attendue du véhicule 1. En conséquence, dans cette situation, le moyen discriminateur déterminera que le signal reçu est un signal pirate et il empêchera l'identifiant de répondre au signal pirate reçu, et le système de relais pirate ne pourra relayer aucune réponse vers le dispositif d'identification à bord du véhicule, de sorte que les portes de celui-ci resteront verrouillées. However, if the identifier 3 is in the field magnetic generated by a single emitting source, like this would be the case with a pirate relay box, the receiving antenna which strongest signal will stay the same all the time, i.e. either antenna X, antenna Y, or antenna Z during the short time window corresponding to an expected transmission sequence of the vehicle 1. Consequently, in this situation, the means discriminator will determine that the received signal is a pirate signal and it will prevent the identifier from responding to the pirate signal received, and the system of pirate relay will not be able to relay any response to the device identification on board the vehicle, so that the doors of it will remain locked.

    Dans le mode de réalisation décrit ci-dessus, les antennes émettrices F, F', R, R' et T émettent à la même fréquence, par exemple à 125 kHz. F'our une meilleure efficacité, les antennes réceptrices devraient être accordées en fréquence, bien que cela ne soit pas impératif pour la transmission des informations (compte tenu des tolérances de fabrication, les fréquences de résonance des antennes sont généralement comprises dans une plage de ± 10 % par rapport à la fréquence nominale). Afin d'éviter la nécessité d'accorder les antennes réceptrices sur la fréquence émise par les antennes émettrices, le dispositif d'identification 2 peut être avantageusement doté de moyens permettant de balayer les fréquences émises par les antennes émettrices autour d'une fréquence centrale prédéfinie, par exemple autour de 125 kHz, de telle façon que la fréquence émise passe par la fréquence de résonance de chacune des antennes réceptrices X, Y et Z. Il est également possible de désaccorder délibérément les antennes réceptrices et/ou émettrices afin d'améliorer l'efficacité de la discrimination.In the embodiment described above, the antennas transmitters F, F ', R, R' and T emit at the same frequency, by example at 125 kHz. For better efficiency, the antennas receivers should be tuned in frequency, although this is not not imperative for the transmission of information (taking into account manufacturing tolerances, the antenna resonant frequencies are generally within a range of ± 10% from the nominal frequency). To avoid the need to tune the antennas on the frequency transmitted by the transmitting antennas, the identification device 2 can advantageously be provided with means allowing to scan the frequencies emitted by the transmitting antennas around a predefined center frequency, for example around 125 kHz, so that the transmitted frequency passes through the frequency of resonance of each of the receiving antennas X, Y and Z. It is also possible to deliberately detune the antennas receivers and / or transmitters in order to improve the effectiveness of the discrimination.

    Bien que l'invention ait été décrite ci-dessus à propos d'un mode particulier de réalisation, il va de soi que ce mode de réalisation a été donné à titre d'exemple purement indicatif et nullement limitatif, et que de nombreuses modifications peuvent être apportées par l'homme de l'art sans pour autant sortir du cadre de l'invention. C'est ainsi notamment que, du côté véhicule, l'émission peut être effectuée simultanément par plusieurs antennes à des niveaux différents afin de contrôler l'orientation du champ magnétique à un emplacement donné. En outre, les fréquences émises peuvent être avantageusement différentes ou balayées afin d'obtenir des vecteurs de champ tournants, éventuellement selon un arrangement codé.Although the invention has been described above in connection with a particular embodiment, it goes without saying that this embodiment was given by way of purely indicative and in no way limiting example, and that many modifications can be made by the skilled person without departing from the scope of the invention. It is and in particular that, on the vehicle side, the transmission can be carried out simultaneously by several antennas at different levels in order to control the orientation of the magnetic field at a given location. In addition, the frequencies emitted can be advantageously different or scanned in order to obtain rotating field vectors, possibly in a coded arrangement.

    Claims (11)

    Dispositif d'accès "mains libres" pour contrôler et commander l'accès à un habitacle (1) fermé par au moins une porte (5-8) équipée d'une serrure avec verrou, ledit dispositif comprenant un moyen d'identification (2) destiné à être installé dans l'habitacle et apte à établir un dialogue question/réponse, par une liaison de communication bidirectionnelle sans fil, avec un identifiant (3) destiné à être porté par une personne habilitée à pénétrer dans l'habitacle, pour commander automatiquement le déverrouillage de ladite serrure en cas de détection d'un identifiant valide par ledit moyen d'identification, ladite liaison de communication comportant, du côté moyen d'identification (2), au moins deux antennes émettrices (F, F', R, R', T) disposées en des emplacements distants l'un de l'autre à la périphérie dudit habitacle (1), et comportant du côté identifiant (3), au moins deux antennes réceptrices (X, Y, Z) orientées suivant des axes différents pour capter les champs émis par lesdites antennes émettrices et pour produire des signaux électriques en réponse auxdits champs, et un moyen de traitement de signaux connecté auxdites antennes réceptrices, caractérisé en ce que ledit moyen de traitement de signaux comprend un moyen discriminateur apte à distinguer si les champs reçus par lesdites antennes réceptrices (X, Y, Z) proviennent desdites antennes émettrices (F, F', R, R', T) ou d'une seule antenne émettrice pirate, pour autoriser une réponse de l'identifiant (3) vers le moyen d'identification (2) dans le premier cas et interdire ladite réponse dans le second cas."Hands-free" access device for controlling and controlling access to a passenger compartment (1) closed by at least one door (5-8) equipped with a lock with lock, said device comprising an identification means (2 ) intended to be installed in the passenger compartment and capable of establishing a question / answer dialogue, by a bidirectional wireless communication link, with an identifier (3) intended to be carried by a person authorized to enter the passenger compartment, for automatically controlling the unlocking of said lock in the event of detection of a valid identifier by said identification means, said communication link comprising, on the identification means side (2), at least two transmitting antennas (F, F ', R, R ', T) arranged at locations distant from each other at the periphery of said passenger compartment (1), and comprising on the identifying side (3), at least two receiving antennas (X, Y, Z) oriented along different axes for c apt the fields emitted by said transmitting antennas and to produce electrical signals in response to said fields, and a signal processing means connected to said receiving antennas, characterized in that said signal processing means comprises a discriminating means capable of distinguishing whether the fields received by said receiving antennas (X, Y, Z) come from said transmitting antennas (F, F ', R, R', T) or from a single pirate transmitting antenna, to authorize a response from the identifier (3) towards the identification means (2) in the first case and prohibit said response in the second case. Dispositif d'accès "mains libres" selon la revendication 1 pour un véhicule automobile (1), caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'identification (2) comprend une antenne émettrice arrière (T) située sensiblement au milieu du capot (4) du coffre ou du hayon arrière du véhicule (1) et deux antennes émettrices latérales (F et R, ou F' et R') de chaque côté droit et gauche du véhicule."Hands-free" access device according to claim 1 for a motor vehicle (1), characterized in that the identification device (2) comprises a rear transmitting antenna (T) situated substantially in the middle of the hood (4) of the trunk or tailgate of the vehicle (1) and two lateral transmitting antennas (F and R, or F 'and R') on each right and left side of the vehicle. Dispositif d'accès "mains libres" selon la revendication 2, caractérisé en ce que les antennes émettrices latérales (F, F', R, et R') sont montées sur les portes avant (5, 6) et arrière (7, 8) du véhicule (1). "Hands-free" access device according to claim 2, characterized in that the lateral transmitting antennas (F, F ', R, and R') are mounted on the front (5, 6) and rear (7, 8) doors ) of the vehicle (1). Dispositif d'accès "mains libres" selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'identifiant (3) comporte trois antennes réceptrices (X, Y, Z) orientées respectivement selon les trois axes d'un système d'axes orthogonaux de référence lié à l'identifiant."Hands-free" access device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the identifier (3) comprises three receiving antennas (X, Y, Z) oriented respectively along the three axes of a system orthogonal reference axes linked to the identifier. Dispositif d'accès "mains libres" selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que la liaison de communication comprend, du côté dispositif d'identification (2), des moyens pour exciter les antennes émettrices (F, F', R, R', T) selon un arrangement prédéfini et le moyen discriminateur est apte à distinguer si les champs reçus respectivement par les antennes réceptrices (X, Y, Z) de l'identifiant (3) varient selon au moins un arrangement mémorisé dans l'identifiant et correspondant audit arrangement prédéfini."Hands-free" access device according to claim 4, characterized in that the communication link comprises, on the identification device side (2), means for exciting the transmitting antennas (F, F ', R, R' , T) according to a predefined arrangement and the discriminator means is able to distinguish whether the fields received respectively by the receiving antennas (X, Y, Z) of the identifier (3) vary according to at least one arrangement stored in the identifier and corresponding to said predefined arrangement. Dispositif d'accès "mains libres" selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que le moyen discriminateur est apte à déterminer celle des trois antennes réceptrices (X, Y, Z) qui, à un moment donné, produit le plus fort signal."Hands-free" access device according to claim 5, characterized in that the discriminating means is capable of determining which of the three receiving antennas (X, Y, Z) which, at a given moment, produces the strongest signal. Dispositif d'accès "mains libres" selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les trois antennes émettrices (F ou F', R ou R' et T) du dispositif d'identification (2) sont orientées de telle façon que l'antenne réceptrice (X, Y ou Z) qui produit le plus fort signal est différente selon l'antenne émettrice qui émet audit moment donné, quelle que soit l'orientation de l'identifiant (3) dans au moins une zone prédéfinie (Z1, Z2 ou Z3) proche du véhicule (1)."Hands-free" access device according to claim 6, characterized in that the three transmitting antennas (F or F ', R or R' and T) of the identification device (2) are oriented in such a way that the receiving antenna (X, Y or Z) which produces the strongest signal is different depending on the transmitting antenna which transmits at said given time, regardless of the orientation of the identifier (3) in at least one predefined zone (Z 1 , Z 2 or Z 3 ) close to the vehicle (1). Dispositif d'accès "mains libres" selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que les antennes émettrices (F ou F', R ou R' et T) sont excitées selon une séquence prédéfinie, et le moyen discriminateur est apte à distinguer si les antennes réceptrices (X, Y, Z) produisent leur plus fort signal en séquence selon au moins une séquence mémorisée dans l'identifiant et correspondant à ladite séquence prédéfinie."Hands-free" access device according to claim 7, characterized in that the transmitting antennas (F or F ', R or R' and T) are excited according to a predefined sequence, and the discriminating means is able to distinguish whether the receiving antennas (X, Y, Z) produce their strongest signal in sequence according to at least one sequence stored in the identifier and corresponding to said predefined sequence. Dispositif d'accès "mains libres" selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les antennes émettrices (F, F', R, R', T) sont excitées simultanément à des niveaux prédéfinis différents afin de contrôler l'orientation du champ résultant produit par les antennes émettrices à au moins un emplacement prédéfini proche du véhicule (1), en ce que les moyens d'excitation sont agencés pour faire varier selon une séquence prédéfinie les niveaux prédéfinis d'excitation des antennes émettrices afin de faire varier séquentiellement l'orientation contrôlée dudit champ résultant, de telle façon que l'antenne réceptrice (X, Y ou Z) qui produit le plus fort signal est différente selon l'instant considéré dans la séquence prédéfinie de variation des niveaux d'excitation des antennes émettrices, et en ce que le moyen discriminateur est apte à distinguer si les antennes réceptrices produisent leur plus fort signal en séquence selon au moins une séquence mémorisée dans l'identifiant et correspondant à ladite séquence prédéfinie."Hands-free" access device according to claim 6, characterized in that the transmitting antennas (F, F ', R, R', T) are simultaneously excited at different predefined levels in order to control the orientation of the resulting field produced by the transmitting antennas at at least one predefined location close to the vehicle (1), in that the excitation means are arranged to vary according to a predefined sequence the predefined levels of excitation of the transmitting antennas in order to vary sequentially l controlled orientation of said resulting field, such that the receiving antenna (X, Y or Z) which produces the strongest signal is different depending on the instant considered in the predefined sequence of variation of the excitation levels of the transmitting antennas, and in that the discriminating means is capable of distinguishing whether the receiving antennas produce their strongest signal in sequence according to at least one stored sequence ée in the identifier and corresponding to said predefined sequence. Dispositif d'accès "mains libres" selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé en ce que le dispositif d'identification (2) comprend un moyen de balayage de fréquences qui fait varier autour d'une fréquence prédéfinie la fréquence émise par les antennes émettrices (F, F', R, R', T) de telle façon que la fréquence émise passe par la fréquence de résonance de chaque antenne réceptrice (X, Y, Z).Hands-free access device according to any one of Claims 6 to 10, characterized in that the identification device (2) comprises a frequency scanning means which varies the transmitted frequency around a predefined frequency. by the transmitting antennas (F, F ', R, R', T) in such a way that the transmitted frequency passes through the resonant frequency of each receiving antenna (X, Y, Z). Dispositif d'accès "mains libres" selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce que les antennes réceptrices (X, Y, Z) et/ou émettrices (F, F', R, R', T) sont désaccordées."Hands-free" access device according to claim 10, characterized in that the receiving (X, Y, Z) and / or transmitting (F, F ', R, R', T) antennas are detuned.
    EP20010400694 2000-04-06 2001-03-15 Hand-free access device, especially for a motor vehicle Expired - Lifetime EP1143091B1 (en)

    Applications Claiming Priority (2)

    Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
    FR0004380A FR2807588B1 (en) 2000-04-06 2000-04-06 "HANDS-FREE" ACCESS DEVICE, IN PARTICULAR FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE
    FR0004380 2000-04-06

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    EP1143091A1 true EP1143091A1 (en) 2001-10-10
    EP1143091B1 EP1143091B1 (en) 2004-06-16

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    DE (1) DE60103796T2 (en)
    FR (1) FR2807588B1 (en)

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    DE102008031762B4 (en) * 2008-07-04 2021-01-28 Volkswagen Ag Antenna arrangement and vehicle as well as method for receiving radio signals
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    FR3089698A1 (en) * 2018-12-05 2020-06-12 Valeo Comfort And Driving Assistance Motor vehicle antenna array

    Also Published As

    Publication number Publication date
    DE60103796D1 (en) 2004-07-22
    EP1143091B1 (en) 2004-06-16
    DE60103796T2 (en) 2005-07-14
    FR2807588A1 (en) 2001-10-12
    FR2807588B1 (en) 2002-06-28

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