EP1126591B1 - Verfahren und Anordnung zum Steuern oder Regeln der Leistung von niederohmigen Heizwiderständen - Google Patents
Verfahren und Anordnung zum Steuern oder Regeln der Leistung von niederohmigen Heizwiderständen Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1126591B1 EP1126591B1 EP01100929A EP01100929A EP1126591B1 EP 1126591 B1 EP1126591 B1 EP 1126591B1 EP 01100929 A EP01100929 A EP 01100929A EP 01100929 A EP01100929 A EP 01100929A EP 1126591 B1 EP1126591 B1 EP 1126591B1
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- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- current
- voltage
- arrangement
- regulating
- heating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/66—Regulating electric power
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for controlling or regulating the power of low-impedance consumers according to the preamble of the claim 1 and an arrangement therefor according to the preamble of Patent claim 5.
- a known option for power control or power limitation consists in the use of variable transformers, which - depending on performance - are heavy and expensive.
- Heating resistors For the regulation of the power of low-resistance heating resistors, whose rated voltage is significantly smaller than the mains voltage, are the known arrangements neither provided nor suitable, because this a current-voltage transformation must be monitored.
- these Heating resistors which can have a very high performance, is what it is For example, rods of molybdenum disilicide or silicon carbide, the be operated with rated voltages from, for example, 10 volts and their ohmic resistances either a very steep positive temperature coefficient or aging during operation, whereby their ohmic resistances quadruple, for example.
- rods of molybdenum disilicide or silicon carbide the be operated with rated voltages from, for example, 10 volts and their ohmic resistances either a very steep positive temperature coefficient or aging during operation, whereby their ohmic resistances quadruple, for example.
- their ohmic resistances quadruple for example.
- Kanthal Molybdenum disilicide in cold state has a resistance value of only about 1/16 of the resistance value at operating temperature.
- the connection from mains voltage comes on such a cold heating element So practically a short circuit equal, resulting in the destruction of the switching elements can cause and significant network disturbances due to power surges and harmonics.
- the invention is therefore based on the object, a control method and to specify a compact arrangement with which the performance Low-resistance heating resistors whose rated voltage is smaller than the Mains voltage is and are susceptible to aging, waiving transformers and with the smallest possible effort and the smallest possible Energy losses are controlled continuously or quasi-continuously can, without this inadmissible network disturbances occur and at the control and operation of the arrangement with high flexibility and efficiency is enabled.
- the set object is solved in its entirety, that is, it a control method and an arrangement therefor are given, with the performance of low-resistance heating resistors, their rated voltage is less than the mains voltage, can be regulated.
- the heating power or the power consumption of low impedance Heating resistors for operating voltages between 10 and 230 volts are required, limited without variable transformers and / or be managed.
- an IGBT may be used as the power semiconductor be that having a lower saturation voltage than a bipolar transistor and acceptable switching losses at operating frequencies above 10 kHz, for example 20, 50 kHz and above having.
- MOS devices there is an equally simple controllability as in MOS devices. The current drawn from the network at least gives way no longer significantly different from the sinusoid.
- the sinusoidal mains current always results the required power divided by the mains voltage of the power supply. If e.g. Heating elements with an operating voltage of 115 volts are operated, these heaters can be without a transformer operate directly on the grid. If the rated current of the mentioned Heating elements is 50 A, so the network only 25 A sinusoidal Electricity withdrawn.
- the resistance characteristic of the heating elements does not matter.
- the subject invention is subject to no wear, has a high positioning speed, better efficiency, small size and light weight when you use it with classic actuators such as transducers and variable transformers compares.
- the Reduction of the current peaks in the area of the zero crossings is through the selective suppression of the drive pulses of the IGBT achieved, without here - in contrast to the prior art - the waveform of the mains voltage to be used as a reference variable:
- the activation of the IGBT driver is via a comparator, which has a triangular voltage of 20 kHz, for example, with the voltage of the integrator.
- the input stream at least substantially is sinusoidal and is in phase with the input voltage, the grid at least predominantly only active power taken.
- the subject invention has an enormously high positioning speed, better efficiency, smallest possible dimensions and a Low weight, considering these criteria with classic actuators compares.
- it is at age-prone heating elements possible for the first time, the network both in New as well as in the aging state to always take the same stream.
- the mains current remains constant with regard to constant output load the shape and the amplitude at least approximately equal and sinusoidal.
- the amplitude of the mains current is determined both by the power of the Load is given as well as by the tension at the load, which is suitable Subject of the invention also for short-wave infrared radiators. It arises neither when switching on nor during operation in the lower setting range excessive current amplitudes in the network. In all cases, the mains power always sinusoidal and the power drawn directly proportional.
- the invention is intended for use in ohmic power control Consumers from the group of resistance heating elements Metals and silicon carbide and for ohmic power regulation Consumers for purposes of heating workpieces in Industrial furnaces, for the drying of paints, for the shaping of plastics, for soldering and household and industrial appliances for cooking Food and ironing of textiles.
- FIG 1 is the core of the control arrangement a commercial IGBT module 10 of the type described above, the a current input 1, two current outputs 2 and 3 and two control voltage terminals 6 (for the gate voltage) and 7 (for the emitter voltage) has.
- the load circuit are - in series - the ohmic Consumer R, which also consists of a parallel connection of several Consumers, and an inductive choke L.
- the mains voltage inputs are designated L1, N and PE.
- the mains voltage inputs L1 and N are a rectifier 11 with a positive terminal 12 and a negative terminal 13 switched. Parallel to the rectifier 11, a capacitor C is connected.
- the load circuit on which For example, a voltage of 230 volts is pending, is with reinforced lines highlighted. Due to the effect of the inductor L, the load current i not abruptly soaring and not abruptly to zero become.
- the inductor L and the capacitor C are designed according to the largest possible load current AC voltage resistant, but as small as possible, for example, the inductor L between 0.2 and 1.0 mH, preferably 0.5 mH, and the capacitor C between 10 and 100 uF, preferably with 50 ⁇ F.
- the preferred values are for an industrial furnace with a current consumption of 70 A.
- the power input 1 is a sensor unit 14 for the detection of Consumer power upstream; in it the measured current l becomes a proportional voltage U is converted by a feedback line 15 a control arrangement 16 is switched on.
- a voltage tap 17 leads via a current limiter 18 and a line 19 to a driver 20 with potential separation.
- the current limiter 18 of the maximum operating current can be set to a predetermined value.
- the voltage applied to the load R is via lines 21 and 22 tapped and fed to a potential separator 23, the example contains an optocoupler. From this leads another return line 24 to the control arrangement 16. Furthermore, the control arrangement 16 via a setpoint generator, not shown, an adjustable setpoint w switched.
- the control arrangement 16 includes an integrator 25, at its output 26th a variable voltage u1, u2, Vietnamese, is present, the a comparator 27th is switched on. Its output 28 is in turn connected to the driver 20. From this lead two lines 29 and 30 to the control voltage terminals 6 and 7 of the IGBT module 10. The function of the control arrangement 16 will be described below with reference to Figures 3 and 4 even closer explained.
- the driver 20 serves as an amplifier with potential separation. On the Line 29 may - based on the line 30 - a voltage between +18 volts and -5 volts pending.
- a branch line 31 leads to the driver 20.
- This Measure which is not mandatory but beneficial, serves one Safety function, namely the monitoring of the collector voltage. Thus, e.g. a shutdown when the collector voltage is a predetermined Limit of e.g. 7 volts exceeds (short-circuit monitoring).
- Figure 2 shows the course of the mains voltage with a frequency of example 50 or 60 Hz after rectification over three half-waves, wherein the dashed curve for the second half wave the voltage curve without rectification implies. By rectification, this half-wave on the other side of the abscissa (with the time t) "folded".
- the rounded areas 31 are due to the effect of the capacitor C. due.
- Figure 3 shows the principle of the control over a half-wave of the mains voltage U (50 or 60 Hz) and the associated current i.
- the comparator 27 becomes a serrated curve according to Figure 4 with a frequency generated by example 20 kHz. This so-called triangular voltage is compared with the variable voltage of the integrator 25. It turns at the output of the comparator 27, an on-off switching ratio for the IGBT 10.
- the wavy curve shows the actual current flow with the specified frequency of 20 kHz (control frequency) between the current curves io and iu on a very coarsened scale.
- the rising Current curve according to the voltage and the load resistance R steeply until the IGBT module 10 turns off again, causing the actual current curve approaches the lower current curve again.
- the current curves io and iu are primarily dependent on the control frequency and the Inductance of the inductor L.
- FIG. 4 shows the profile of the voltage U according to the function of the comparator 27 with the already mentioned control frequency of example 20 kHz.
- U1 and u2 are the specifiable control voltages at the output 26 of the integrator 25 in dashed lines.
- the lines for u1 and u2 indicate the turn-off state of the IGBT module 10, the intervening sections (above the triangles) its on state.
- the switch-off times are each with "a", the Turn-on times denoted by "e”.
- the proportions of these sections indicate the respective proportional power at the load R, between 0% (at the tips of the triangles) and 100% (at the bases the triangles) can be varied.
- the design of the inductor L depends on the control frequency of the Comparator 27: The higher this is, the smaller L can be chosen. So it may well be desirable, the control frequency of the Compensator 27 to increase to over 20 kHz, for example in the direction to 100 kHz, wherein the switching frequency of the IGBT module 10 accordingly is increased.
- the current flows from the positive pole of the Rectifier 11 via the throttle L and the consumer R to the power input 1 of the IGBT module 10, to the current output 2 and the Negative pole of the rectifier 11.
- the IGBT module switched off 10 the current continues to flow via the current output 3 and also via the Throttle L and the consumer R.
- the current flow through the consumer R and at this voltage applied almost lossless but in any case reaction-free (on the net).
- a furnace capacity of 10 to 20 kW for example, generates a power loss of about 0.3 kW, the is discharged via a cooling block.
- FIG. 5 shows by way of a diagram comparatively the line current profile, as occurs with a molybdenum disilicide heating element, if its Heating power by means of a classic phase control by a thyristor is controlled.
- the abscissa extends over a half-wave, and on the ordinate are the factors "F" from 0 to 16 for the current consumption plotted against rated current at operating temperature, where the factor 1 stands for this rated current.
- Shown is a flock of sinusoidal curves, of which the uppermost (F 15) for the course of current consumption in the cold state applies and the lowest for the course of current consumption at operating temperature.
- the intervening curves show - from top to bottom - current consumption curves with increasing intermediate temperatures.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
- Rectifiers (AREA)
- Power Conversion In General (AREA)
- Control Of Eletrric Generators (AREA)
- General Induction Heating (AREA)
- Crystals, And After-Treatments Of Crystals (AREA)
- Inverter Devices (AREA)
Description
- Frequenzumrichter,
- unterbrechungsfreie Stromversorgungen,
- Mikrowellenöfen,
- induktiven Heizungen (Induktionsöfen),
- Kraftfahrzeugzündungen.
- in Parallelschaltung zu einem für die Gleichrichtung der Netzspannung eingesetzten Gleichrichter ein Filter angeordnet wird;
- im Stromkreis der Last die Leistungsfaktoren Betriebsstrom und Betriebsspannung erfaßt und einer Regelanordnung zugeführt werden;
- in der Regelanordnung mittels eines Verstärkers ein Vergleich eines Sollwerts sowohl für den Betriebsstrom als auch die Betriebsspannung durchgeführt wird, wobei das Eingangssignal eines "PWM Controller" in eine Folge von Impulsen zerlegt wird, deren Frequenz als Steuerfrequenz für den Halbleiter verwendet wird, wobei im Stromkreis des Halbleiters und der Last, durch Sensoreinheiten, der Betriebsstrom und ferner die Betriebsspannung der Last abgegriffen werden und zur Regelanordnung zurückgeführt werden;
- in der Regelanordnung Abweichungen einschließlich ihres Vorzeichens zwischen dem Sollwert und der Folge von Impulsen festgestellt werden, wobei der Ausgang der Regelanordnung über den Treiber den Halbleiter zu dessen Steuerung beeinflußt.
- die Steuerfrequenz zwischen 10 und 100 kHz gewählt wird,
- die Induktivität der Drossel zwischen 0,2 und 1,0 mH gewährt wird,
- die Kapazität des Kondensators zwischen 10 und 100 µF gewählt wird,
- der IGBT einen Spannungsabgriff aufweist, der über eine Leitung dem Treiber zur Spannungsbegrenzung aufgeschaltet ist, und/oder, wenn
- der Komparator der Regelanordnung einen Freqenzgenerator für die Erzeugung einer Steuerfreqenz zwischen 10 und 100 kHz mit Dreiecksimpulsen besitzt.
- Figur 1
- den Verbraucherstromkreis mit den zugehörigen Sensor- Regeleinrichtungen,
- Figur 2
- den Verlauf der Netzspannung nach Gleichrichtung über drei Halbwellen,
- Figur 3
- den prinzipiellen Verlauf des Netzstromes über eine Halbwelle der Netzspannung,
- Figur 4
- die Funktion des Komparators und
- Figur 5
- zu Zwecken des Vergleichs ein Diagramm mit einer Kurvenschar für den temperaturabhängigen Netzstromverlauf, wie er bei einem Molybdändisilizid-Heizstab auftritt, wenn dessen Heizleistung mittels einer klassischen Phasenanschnittsteuerung durch einen Thyristor gesteuert wird.
- 1
- Stromeingang
- 2
- Stromausgang
- 3
- Stromausgang
- 6
- Steuerspannungsklemme
- 7
- Steuerspannungsklemme
- 10
- IGBT-Modul
- 11
- Gleichrichter
- 12
- positive Klemme
- 13
- negative Klemme
- 14
- Sensoreinheit
- 15
- Rückführungsleitung
- 16
- Regelanordnung
- 17
- Spannungsabgriff
- 18
- Strombegrenzer
- 19
- Leitung
- 20
- Treiber
- 21
- Leitung
- 22
- Leitung
- 23
- Potentialtrenner
- 24
- Rückführungsleitung
- 25
- Integrator
- 26
- Ausgang
- 27
- Komparator
- 28
- Ausgang
- 29
- Leitung
- 30
- Leitung
- 31
- Bereiche
- a
- Ausschaltzeitpunkte
- C
- Kondensator
- e
- Einschaltzeitpunkte
- i
- Strom
- io
- obere Stromkurve
- iu
- untere Stromkurve
- L
- Drossel
- L1
- Netzspannungseingang
- N
- Netzspannungseingang (Nullphase)
- PE
- Netzspannungseingang (Masse)
- R
- Verbraucherwiderstand
- t
- Zeit
- t0, t1, t2
- Zeitpunkte
- w
- Sollwert
Claims (10)
- Verfahren zum Steuern oder Regeln der Leistung von Heizwiderständen (R) mittels gleichgerichtetem Wechselstrom durch Halbleiter-Bauelemente, wobeia) als Halbleiter-Bauelement ein IGBT-Modul (10) verwendet wirdb) im Stromkreis des Heizwiderstandes und in Reihenschaltung zu diesem eine Drossel (L) angeordnet wird,c) in Parallelschaltung zu einem für die Gleichrichtung der Netzspannung eingesetzten Gleichrichter (11) ein Kondensator (C) angeordnet wird,
wobei
zum Steuern oder Regeln der Leistung von niederohmigen Widerstandsheizelementen aus aus der Gruppe Metalle, Molybdändisilizid, Siliziumkarbid und kurzwellige Infrarot-Heizkörper für Zwecke der Erwärmung von Werkstücken in Industrieöfen, für die Trocknung von Lacken, zum Verformen von Kunststoffen, zum Löten und für Haushalts- und Gewerbegeräte zum Garen von Speisen und zum Bügeln von Textilien, wobei deren Nennspannung kleiner als die Netzspannung ist,d) im Stromkreis des Heizwiderstandes (R) die Leistungsfaktoren Betriebsstrom (i) und Betriebsspannung (U) erfasst und einer Regelanordnung (16) zugeführt werden,e) in der Regelanordnung (16) mittels eines Integrators (25) ein Vergleich eines Sollwerts (w) sowohl für den Betriebsstrom (i) als auch die Betriebsspannung (U) durchgeführt wird, wobei das Eingangssignal eines Komparators (27) in eine Folge von Impulsen zerlegt wird, deren Frequenz als Steuerfrequenz für das IGBT-Modul (10) verwendet wird und ein Vielfaches der Netzfrequenz beträgt, wobei im Stromkreis des Heizwiderstandes (R) eine Sensoreinheit (14) für den Betriebsstrom (i) angeordnet und ferner die Betriebsspannung (U) des Heizwiderstandes (R) abgegriffen und zur Regelanordnung (16) zurückgeführt wird, und wobei der Ausgang der Sensoreinheit (14) über einen Strombegrenzer (18) einem Treiber (20) zur Ansteuerung des IGBT-Moduls (10) aufgeschaltet wird, und dassf) in der Regelanordnung (16) Abweichungen einschliesslich ihres Vorzeichens zwischen dem Sollwert (w) und der Folge von Impulsen festgestellt werden, wobei der Ausgang der Regelanordnung (16) über den Treiber (20) das IGBT-Modul (10) zu dessen Steuerung beeinflusst. - Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Steuerfrequenz zwischen 10 und 100 kHz gewählt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Induktivität der Drossel (L) zwischen 0,2 und 1,0 mH gewährt wird.
- Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kapazität des Kondensators (C) zwischen 10 und 100 µF gewählt wird.
- Anordnung zum Steuern oder Regeln der Leistung von Heizwiderständen (R) mit einem Gleichrichter (11) zur Erzeugung von gleichgerichtetem Wechselstrom durch ein IGBT-Modul (10), und wobei im Stromkreis des Heizwiderstandes (R) und in Reihenschaltung zu diesem eine Drossel (L) sowie in Parallelschaltung zu einem für die Gleichrichtung der Netzspannung eingesetzten Gleichrichter (11) ein Kondensator (C) angeordnet ist,
wobei
die Anordnung niederohmige Heizwiderstände (R) aus der Gruppe der niederohmigen Widerstandsheizelemente aus der Gruppe Metalle, Molybdändisilizid, Siliziumkarbid und kurzwellige Infrarot-Heizelemente : für Zwecke der Erwärmung von Werkstücken in Industrieöfen, für die Trocknung von Lacken, zum Verformen von Kunststoffen, zum Löten und für Haushalts- und Gewerbegeräte zum Garen von Speisen und zum Bügeln von Textilien aufweist, wobei die Nennspannung kleiner als die Netzspannung ist, wobeia) im Stromkreis des Heizwiderstandes (R) eine Sensoreinheit (14) für die Erfassung der Leistungsfaktoren Betriebsstrom (i) und Betriebsspannung (U) angeordnet ist, deren Ausgang einer Regelanordnung (16) zur Ansteuerung des IGBT-Moduls (10) aufgeschaltet ist,b) in der Regelanordnung (16) ein Integrator (25) und ein nachgeschalteter Komparator (27) angeordnet sind, durch welche Regelanordnung (161 ein Vergleich eines Sollwerts (w) sowohl für den Betriebsstrom (i) als auch die Betriebsspannung (U) durchführbar ist, wobei das Eingangssignal des Komparators (27) in eine Folge von Impulsen zerlegbar ist, deren Frequenz ein Vielfaches der Netzfrequenz ist und die als Steuerfrequenz dem IGBT-Modul (10) über einen Treiber (20) aufgeschaltet ist,c) der Ausgang der Sensoreinheit (14) über einen Strombegrenzer (18) einem Treiber (20) zur Ansteuerung des IGBT-Moduls (10) aufgeschaltet ist, und wobeid) in der Regelanordnung (16) Abweichungen einschliesslich ihres Vorzeichens zwischen dem Sollwert (w) und der Folge von Impulsen feststellbar sind, wobei der Ausgang der Regelanordnung (16) über den Treiber (20) dem IGBT-Modul (10) zu dessen Steuerung aufgeschaltet ist. - Anordnung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Regelanordnung für eine Steuerfrequenz zwischen 10 und 100 kHz ausgelegt ist.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Induktivität der Drossel (L) zwischen 0,2 und 1,0 mH ausgelegt ist.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Kapazität des Kondensators (C) zwischen 10 und 100 µF ausgelegt ist.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der IGBT (10) einen Spannungsabgriff aufweist, der über eine Leitung (31) dem Treiber (20) zur Spannungsbegrenzung aufgeschaltet ist.
- Anordnung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Komparator (27) der Regelanordnung (16) einen Freqenzgenerator für die Erzeugung einer Steuerfreqenz zwischen 10 und 100 kHz mit Dreiecksimpulsen besitzt.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
SI200130504T SI1126591T1 (sl) | 2000-01-22 | 2001-01-17 | Postopek in priprava za krmiljenje ali reguliranje moci nizkoohmskih grelnih uporov |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE10002736 | 2000-01-22 | ||
DE10002736 | 2000-01-22 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1126591A2 EP1126591A2 (de) | 2001-08-22 |
EP1126591A3 EP1126591A3 (de) | 2003-02-05 |
EP1126591B1 true EP1126591B1 (de) | 2005-12-07 |
Family
ID=7628428
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP01100929A Expired - Lifetime EP1126591B1 (de) | 2000-01-22 | 2001-01-17 | Verfahren und Anordnung zum Steuern oder Regeln der Leistung von niederohmigen Heizwiderständen |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP1126591B1 (de) |
AT (1) | ATE312429T1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE50108270D1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2253286T3 (de) |
SI (1) | SI1126591T1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN100458637C (zh) * | 2005-04-18 | 2009-02-04 | 金丰电子(苏州)有限公司 | 一种低谐波电流的功率调整方法及装置 |
DE102008039246A1 (de) * | 2008-07-16 | 2010-01-21 | Hans Effertz | PWM - Leistungsdimmer |
DE102013216021A1 (de) | 2013-08-13 | 2015-02-19 | Branson Ultraschall Niederlassung Der Emerson Technologies Gmbh & Co. Ohg | Wärmestrahler, Vorrichtung zum Infrarotschweißen und Verfahren zum Erwärmen von Kunststoffbauteilen |
CN104746323B (zh) * | 2015-04-13 | 2017-03-01 | 厦门优尔电器股份有限公司 | 一种温控方式改良的电熨斗及该电熨斗的温控方法 |
CN105019214A (zh) * | 2015-07-24 | 2015-11-04 | 东莞市富鼎瑞实业有限公司 | 电子控温熨斗 |
WO2017218791A1 (en) | 2016-06-15 | 2017-12-21 | Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company | Power converter for a thermal system |
US11424672B2 (en) * | 2020-01-27 | 2022-08-23 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Current limiting for a boost converter |
US11569661B2 (en) | 2021-01-11 | 2023-01-31 | Watlow Electric Manufacturing Company | Masterless distributed dynamic load management |
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EP0588569A2 (de) * | 1992-09-16 | 1994-03-23 | International Business Machines Corporation | Netzteil für elektronisches Gerät und Elektrogerätesystem |
US5910886A (en) * | 1997-11-07 | 1999-06-08 | Sierra Applied Sciences, Inc. | Phase-shift power supply |
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GB2093613B (en) * | 1978-05-08 | 1983-02-02 | Stevens Carlile R | Dc power supply |
US5134355A (en) * | 1990-12-31 | 1992-07-28 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Power factor correction control for switch-mode power converters |
FR2696293B1 (fr) * | 1992-09-25 | 1994-12-16 | Intelligent Electronic Systems | Procédé d'alimentation à absorption sinusoïdale ou quasi-sinusoïdale de courant et dispositif pour sa mise en Óoeuvre. |
JP3359141B2 (ja) * | 1994-01-28 | 2002-12-24 | キヤノン株式会社 | 電力制御装置 |
AT408299B (de) * | 1994-03-30 | 2001-10-25 | Electrovac | Heizvorrichtung für elektrische heizplatten, zündeinrichtungen, temperatursensoren od. dgl. |
US5602463A (en) * | 1995-12-11 | 1997-02-11 | Lockheed Martin Corporation | DC power supply with enhanced input power factor using a buck and boost converter |
-
2001
- 2001-01-17 EP EP01100929A patent/EP1126591B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-17 ES ES01100929T patent/ES2253286T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-17 AT AT01100929T patent/ATE312429T1/de active
- 2001-01-17 DE DE50108270T patent/DE50108270D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2001-01-17 SI SI200130504T patent/SI1126591T1/sl unknown
- 2001-01-18 DE DE10102124A patent/DE10102124A1/de not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
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MWEENE L.H.; OTTEN D.M.; SCHLECHT M.F.: "A high-efficiency 1.5 kW, 390-50 V half-bridge converter operated at 100% duty-ratio", PROCEEDINGS OF THE ANNUAL APPLIED POWER ELECTRONICS CONFERENCE AND EXHIBITION. (APEC). BOSTON, NEW YORK, IEEE, US, 23 February 1992 (1992-02-23) - 27 February 1992 (1992-02-27), pages 723 - 729 * |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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SI1126591T1 (sl) | 2006-06-30 |
DE10102124A1 (de) | 2001-07-26 |
DE50108270D1 (de) | 2006-01-12 |
ES2253286T3 (es) | 2006-06-01 |
EP1126591A2 (de) | 2001-08-22 |
EP1126591A3 (de) | 2003-02-05 |
ATE312429T1 (de) | 2005-12-15 |
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