EP1125885A2 - Capstan - Google Patents

Abstract

The motor (11) driving the winch drum (2) through a reduction gear, is seated on a mounting (1) inside the winch. The mounting also serves as a bearing for the drum.

Description

Field of application and state of the art

The invention relates to a winch for ropes, in particular for running goods, such as traps and pods on sailing vehicles. Such winches usually have one in one Winch drum rotatable in the direction of for example on the deck of a boat, mounted winch foot or base is attached. Via a winch gear Winch drum driven.

They are already driven by hydraulic or electric motors Winches known, for example from the company script HARKEN Yacht Equipment, 1995 from HARKEN Piwaukee, Wisconsin, USA, pages 166-183. The motors are on flanged the bottom of the winches, with the disadvantage that the motor-gear unit must be installed below deck and the deck area through a relatively large opening to the Passage of the drive shaft flange is weakened. Often there is also enough space for the winch installation cheapest place does not exist and the engine bothers in the passage to aft cabins or in the interior of the Sailing yacht. Even with costly cladding the engine gearbox unit often has headroom impaired, which is a particular risk of accidents in rough seas contains in itself. An assembly of such a motor winch a mast to operate the traps is hardly possible.

Task and solution

The object of the invention is to make the motor winch as compact as possible to create restrictions in terms of Installation locations are largely eliminated.

This task is accomplished by a winch with the characteristics of Claim 1 solved.

Thanks to the fully integrated mounting of the motor inside the winch body, which need not be larger than that a manually operated winch, all restrictions fall away in assembly. The winch can be in place be mounted on which the trouble-free barrel of her operated ropes, such as traps or pods and where it is the least disturbing on deck. It is just necessary to lay the supply lines, which is mostly between the deck structure and a ceiling covering the Cabin can happen. It is also attached to the mast a usual winch console possible.

When running with an electric motor is a control unit provided with a power contactor that over a Low power control circuit from an operator switch is controlled on deck. The controller can also Overcurrent fuse similar to a circuit breaker, which apart from the safety function for limiting one maximum tractive force. Because of the proportionality between Traction and power consumption can also increase inadvertently prolonged operation overloads the rope or the associated sails can be prevented.

If there is talk of ropes above, then all are elongated, flexible tension elements meant by one Winch drum can be placed.

The motor is preferably located in a tubular support body Space and can there with a rotation axis parallel to the winch axis be mounted. The tubular support body on which over Needle roller bearing the winch drum can be mounted at the same time a support structure that is as light as it is stable for the winch drum and transfers it to the winch considerable rope forces acting well on the winch foot.

The winch preferably has an additional manual Drive, which, as with mechanical winches, has an in the upper winch head insertable winch crank can be operated is. The drive shaft for this can be eccentrically through the Engine compartment protrude and so also somewhat eccentric arranged motor past.

To enable the motor winch, also a rope with to get the free end in a continuous process without one Operator intervenes mechanically to tighten the rope can use a self-recovery device known per se that forms the head of the winch drum and into which the Rope is introduced via a guide device. Preferably the width of the gripping groove is variable to itself to be able to adapt to different rope diameters, whereby the lower groove limit is an upper flange of the winch drum can be and the upper groove limit a resilient axial movable ring disc.

The motor can be a gear motor with an integrated motor gear be, for example, a planetary gear that forms a preliminary transmission. The engine itself is preferred a DC shunt motor, one for the present Case has very favorable speed / torque characteristic, i.e. its torque increases with decreasing speed. By a high idle speed of the order of 14,000 Rotations per minute can be high with a small design Bring performance. The gear pre-stage sets this speed down three to five times, so that in the downstream Winch gear stages with a low number of gears Desired winch drum idle speed of approx. 80 - 100 Revolutions per minute is reached. With a winch drum diameter in the order of 100 mm with it a rope fetching speed between 25 and 30 meters per minute; an ideal one for the application on yachts Value.

The winch gear and the motor gear are preferred non-self-locking spur gearboxes that are commonly used worm gears also used a very have good efficiency. This is especially true if preferred the winch gear runs in an oil bath, which by appropriate Lubricants are designed to be maintenance-free for life can be. This also eliminates the time consuming and on board difficult periodic winch maintenance.

The winch gear can preferably be arranged in the base be and contain three gear levels, each one Form gear stage. These can consist of at least two built up like disks stacked boards be, one of the boards from the support body for the Winch drum can be formed. Preferably, the Direction of transmission from bottom to top, i.e. the motor shaft protrudes to the end of the winch base and the individual Gear stages are built over it, so that's the last one Gear stage with a transmission gear the inner edge of the Can reach winch drum and drive it.

Freewheel lock on the one hand prevent the back turning Winch drum and on the other hand ensure that the Motor drive the manual drive train does not run, so Winch handle not accidentally attached to risk of accident leads. It is also advantageously provided that a freewheel in manual operation, disconnect the engine so that it does not needs to be filmed.

Previous motor-driven winches are only for Fetching a rope, that is to say conveying in one direction, intended. However, there is often a need To rip a rope or to send it, that means controlled to abate something. Especially for trimming the sails this is necessary. According to a preferred embodiment the invention can winch with a fiering device be provided, which contains an electrical control device, with which the rope under tension can be loosened can. The electric motor can act as a controlled brake be used.

Because of the return of the winch drum and thus the Drive the manual drive not simply over one In this case, the freewheel can be uncoupled manual drive preferably via a manually operated Clutch can be activated.

To turn the winch drum backwards in the opposite direction To be able to perform, the winch drum freewheel turned off. This can be done by electrical actuation, for example by electromagnets or electric servomotors happen the pawls of the freewheel disengage during the reversing process and there hold. Because the pawls normally when the winch stands under the tension of the rope, it can be tense Bracing can be solved by first pulling the motor slightly is driven in the fetching direction, for example by a fraction the amount corresponding to a blocked division, and then the pawls are disengaged. Then when the winch drum turns back under the pull of the rope, it runs Motor with reverse. After reaching a predetermined reverse speed, which are monitored by a speed sensor the control device can switch on a braking resistor, which limits the reverse speed by the fact that now the engine runs as an engine brake. This electrical braking resistor need not be designed too large because the Reversing function mostly limited to a slight loosening is.

This is also used for other types of motor winches advantageous, new Fiereinrichtung by one of the Actuation switch for bringing independent switch button. However, other control devices, for example a Joystick. After tightening the rope and The control device can release the return switch Re-engage the winch drum freewheel completely Head briefly again in the pulling direction until the winch drum has almost reached a standstill or even something in Fetch direction runs so that it is avoided that after releasing the pawls snap them too hard.

If the rope runs in the opposite direction to the fetch, it could happen that it is from the self-recovery facility (Selftailing) runs out. That is why it is preferably a resilient retaining lever provided on the self-recovery device, behind which the rope is placed and which is considerable Circumferential distance from the guide device, i.e. the leader finger, the rope from the winch drum into the selftail groove lifts, is arranged. So the rope is on both sides the self-tail groove and it is in both directions effective. This new type of restraint lever is also for others Winches with R return function advantageous.

The rope stays on the outer surface of the winch Winch drum through friction with self-reinforcement, i.e. the initial cable pull applied by the self-retrieval device is over several turns of the rope over the winch drum each reinforced. Usual winch drums are on the outside roughened to increase the friction factor or knurled. This is not very easy on the rope and damaged its surface. It has also become known that Winch drum with numerous uniform over the circumference distributed longitudinal ribs. It is now under the Invention has been found that in winches of all kinds a particularly good relationship between holding force and Rope protection can be achieved if longitudinal ribs are in pairs provided with a relatively large circumferential distance from each other with few ribs close to each other alternate with large circumferential distances, for example on Four groups of relatively two each closely related Ribs are present. This will put the rope in a relatively clear polygonal shape, of course with rounded sides, brought in for good power transmission with less rope stress.

These and other features go beyond the claims also from the description and the drawings, wherein the individual features individually or separately several in the form of sub-combinations in one embodiment of the invention and in other fields be and advantageous as well as protective designs can represent, for which protection is claimed here. The division of the application into individual sections as well Subheadings limit those made under them Statements are not generally applicable.

Brief description of the drawings

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Darstellung einer Winsch nach der Erfindung verbunden mit einem elek-trischen Schaltbild,

Fig. 2

einen schematischen Längsschnitt durch die Winsch,

Fig. 3 bis 6

schematische Querschnitte nach den Schnittlinien III-III-VI-VI in Fig. 2,

Fig. 7 und 8

durch ein Detail im Kreis VII-VIII in Fig. 2,

Fig. 9 und 10

elektrische Schaltbilder,

Fig. 11 bis 14, 15 bis 18 und 19 bis 22

jeweils drei Varianten einer Schaltmechanik für manuellen Betrieb und

Fig. 23

eine Draufsicht auf den Winschkopf.

Embodiments of the invention are shown in the drawings and are explained in more detail below. The drawings show:

Fig. 1

2 shows a perspective illustration of a winch according to the invention connected to an electrical circuit diagram,

Fig. 2

a schematic longitudinal section through the winch,

3 to 6

schematic cross sections according to section lines III-III-VI-VI in Fig. 2,

7 and 8

by a detail in circle VII-VIII in Fig. 2,

9 and 10

electrical circuit diagrams,

11 to 14, 15 to 18 and 19 to 22

three variants of a switching mechanism for manual operation and

Fig. 23

a top view of the winch head.

Detailed description preferred embodiments

Figure 1 shows a winch 11, for the fetching and enforcing of ropes, for example pods or traps of Sailing vehicles is provided. It is with a winch foot or -socket 12 on deck 13, cockpit coals or, mostly attached to a mast by means of a console.

A rope 15 shown in broken lines is in several Windings from bottom to top around a winch drum 14 led around. The winch drum essentially consists of one cylindrical or slightly conical winch drum surface 16, on the circumferentially at a greater distance from each other groups of two essentially vertical Ribs 17 are pronounced outwards. These can, accordingly the running-in and rope guiding properties, also light be slanted.

At the winch drum surface 16 one closes down bell-shaped winch drum base 18, which is essential has a larger diameter than the winch drum 16 and whose obliquely downward connecting surface between a lower cylindrical part 19 and the winch drum surface 16 an inlet guide surface 20 for the rope 15 forms. The cylindrical part 19 engages over the one deposited there upper section of the winch base 12 and forms with this together a cylindrical body.

The upper free end of the winch is from a winch head 21 is formed, which is a self-tailing device 22 includes. This is achieved by a circumferential gripping groove 23 formed, as in particular from FIGS. 7 and 8 emerges, is variable in their groove width. The two groove-limiting gripping bodies are on the one hand by a Flange 24 at the top of the winch drum and on the other formed by an annular disc 25, which is by means of guide bolts 26 movably guided in the direction of the winch axis 28 and by compression springs 27 in the position shown in Figure 7 is pressed with the smallest gripping groove 23.

From Figure 1 it can be seen that the rope 15 after his last turn around the winch drum 16 over one on one the top of the winch cover 29 attached guide finger, which is a guide 30 for the rope forms, is guided and then into the gripping groove 23 is introduced, which corresponds to the respective Rope thickness itself against the force of the compression spring (27) adjusts and the rope grips under this pressure. Since the smallest diameter of the circumferential gripping groove slightly larger than the diameter of the winch drum, so the rope exercises when turning the winch drum in the direction of pull (clockwise) a tensile force on the rope, causing the around the Winch drum led rope turns tightly pulled around this and be taken away by her. You pull yourself with increasing Load around the drum and become tighter supported by a slight taper, if necessary pressed against each other and against the inlet guide surface 20. The winch can therefore transfer large rope forces gently.

In the winch cover 29 is, eccentrically offset from the Winch axis 28, a winch crank nut 32 is provided in the a standard winch handle for manual operation inserted can be. While normally the rope is in the gripping groove almost a full turn to just before the guide 30 revolves where it is deflected by an ejector 33 out of the groove is in a later with reference to Figures 10 to 23 described embodiment a restraint 34th expedient with a retaining lever 35. This is, as Fig. 23 shows in the winch cover around one of the cap screws 45 axis formed, parallel to the winch axis 28 pivoted and resiliently mounted by a spring 125 and has a rope 15 running out of the gripping groove underlying hook shape. A retaining lug 36 holds the rope in the gripping groove while it is through the hook opening 37 and the adjoining hook shaft 38 is peeled out of the gripping groove becomes. This restraint ensures that in as described later, the rope when celebrating, i.e. with a winch drum rotation in the direction of 39 (opposite clockwise) is not thrown out of the gripping groove.

Fig. 2 shows the internal structure of the winch with its gear 84 in conjunction with Figures 3 to 6, the individual Represent gear levels or levels. The winch base 12 is composed of two transmission boards 50 arranged one above the other, 51 formed, one to the outside and opposite the rest Winch interior closed and sealed, divided into two Form transmission space 40, which receives an oil bath, the ensures the lubrication of the gearbox.

A winch support body is arranged above the boards the shape of a thin-walled tube with a cylindrical one Section 41, a slightly expanded room 43 for the third Gear stage and a flange 144 has. At the top free An inner flange is provided at the end, in the screws 45 protrude into the winch head 29 or end cover hold.

On the cylindrical portion 41 of the support body 44 is the Winch drum 14 mounted by means of needle bearings 46, namely in their upper and lower sections. This results in a very good power transmission with low material expenditure. A Plastic friction disc 48 takes the down on the winch drum acting tensile forces of the rope. Through the flange 43 of the support body 44 and the two transmission boards 50 and 51 reaching screws 49 are used to attach the winch on deck 13.

The tubular cylindrical portion 41 of the support body 44 surrounds a likewise cylindrical engine compartment 47, which of the upper gear board 51 extends to the winch head 21. An electric geared motor 52 is arranged in this room. It has an elongated shape and is in the engine compartment 47 with motor axis 53 parallel to winch axis 28, somewhat off-center, arranged, on the top Flanged gearbox board 51.

Motor 52 is a shunt DC motor the very high speeds up to idle 14,000 rpm reached by an internal planetary gear 54 to approx.4,000 rpm. belittles. Under pressure the speed goes down while increasing the torque. This is desirable because both when used as a drop as also Schotwinsch after initially getting through the lots eventual sealing fetch not go too fast should.

The motor shaft 55 projects through the third gear stage 42 and the upper gear board 51 into the lower gear board 50 and is stored there and rotatably with one Drive pinion 56 connected to a gear 57 with considerably larger diameter engages (Fig. 3). In the The gear wheels are only dashed by their drawings drawn partial circles indicated. The gear 57 is seated rotatably on the shaft 58, which from the first gear level (Board 50) in the second gear level (board 51), the also forms the second gear stage, protrudes (Fig. 4). There it is rotatably connected to a pinion 59, which in turn drives a gear 60 with a larger diameter. The gear 60 has a toothing provided Outer rim 61 and a hub 62, which is rotatably connected to a shaft 63.

A pawl freewheel is located between the outer ring 61 and the hub 62 64 provided. Three near the circumference of the hub arranged and protruding obliquely over their circumference Spring-loaded pawls 65 engage in reverse sawtooth Recesses 66 on the inner circumference of the outer ring 61 on.

The shaft 63 protrudes through the upper board surface 67 of the Transmission board 51 sealed through and carries there rotatably a pinion 68 which drives an intermediate gear 69, the is mounted on a shaft 70. It engages in an internal ring gear 71 on the inner circumference of the winch drum and drives this on (Fig. 5).

Fig. 6 shows that further on the inner circumference of the winch drum a sawtooth-like negative toothing 72 is provided in the pawls 73 engage the same type as before described. They are mounted on the support body 44 and form thus a pawl freewheel 75 for the winch drum, which locks them against reverse rotation.

In the first gear stage (Fig. 3) is also one of one Pinion 76 driven gear 77 mounted. Pinion 76 is non-rotatable with a drive shaft 98 for the mechanical Actuation provided via a square adapter 99th (Fig. 2) is connected to the winch crank nut 32. The wave 98 runs parallel, but eccentric to winch axis 28 through the engine compartment 47, close to the support body wall 41, so that sufficient in the engine compartment 47 There is still space for the engine.

Gear 77 also includes a pawl freewheel 78 and is in the same way as the freewheel 64 from the outer ring 79, hub 80, pawls 81 and internal helical teeth 82 built up. The hub sits on shaft 70 and also drives the intermediate gear 69.

The electrical connection of the winch is schematic in Fig. 9 shown: From an on-board battery 86, possibly via Main switches and fuses coming positive and negative Supply lines 87, 88 lead to a control unit 89, that in the plus line a contactor 90 and an overcurrent switch 91 contains. The relay 90 is, if necessary, via an auxiliary relay, controlled by a low-voltage circuit 92, in which there is an operating switch 93 for the winch. The Control device 89 can be arranged below deck in a suitable location and the operation switch 93 is preferred a robust and against moisture and possibly by a Pushbuttons protected against accidental actuation, which is mounted on deck near the winch.

The winch works as follows: The rope 15 is in the Fig. 1 shown around the winch drum and is inserted into the gripping groove 23 via the guide lug. By Pulling the rope end 85 can pull the rope through for example, a sheet quickly after a turning maneuver to get through. The winch drum can move in the pulling direction 31 turn freely because the pawl freewheel 75 (Fig. 6) Freely runs in this direction without the gear would have to follow.

If you then want to continue with the motor, then the Operating switch 93 pressed. Via the control circuit 92 the contactor 90 is activated. This attracts and over the Overcurrent switch 91, the motor 52 is started. He drives the shaft 55 via the planetary gear 54 (FIG. 2) and thus in the first, lower gear stage 50 (FIG. 3) the pinion 56. The directions of rotation of the gear wheels in Fetch direction 31 are indicated by arrows. About the Gear 57, with the pinion 56, the first winch gear stage forms the shaft 58 and the pinion 59 in the second Gear stage (circuit board 51 in FIG. 4) becomes gear 60 driven. From the direction arrow (counterclockwise) can be seen that the freewheel 64 locks and accordingly the hub 62 and the shaft 63 taken become. Thus, the shaft 63 drives in the third gear stage (Fig. 5) the pinion 68 and thus the intermediate gear 69th so that the winch drum 14 in the pulling direction 31 (in Clockwise).

In the manner described above, the rope is through the Self-tailing device 22 taut at its outgoing end held so that it fits tightly around the winch drum and the rope is pulled in with considerable tensile forces. The size On the one hand, this force depends on how often the rope is turned the winch drum is laid and is on the other hand by the Tractive force of the motor limited. However, due to the Motor characteristics become so large that there is a danger to that Rope or the tightly fetched good (sail) could if the control button was not released in time becomes. In this case, even in the case of complete blockage, but the motor draws such a high current that the Overcurrent switch 91 triggers and the engine stops. The voltage the rope is maintained. Just in case Permanent motor overload is thermal in motor 52 Motor fuse provided in the form of a bimetal switch.

After the engine is switched off, the pawls 73 engage of the winch drum freewheel 75 back into the pawl segments formed toothing 72 and thus lock the Winch drum mechanically against turning back. Engine and gear train are relieved.

While the engine was running, the gear train was for manual Actuation automatically switched off. The shaft 70 (Fig. 3) turned clockwise, but freewheel 78 made sure that the gear 79 did not turn. The pinion 76 and the drive shaft also stood accordingly 98. One accidentally put on the winch crank nut 32 Winch handle does not turn with what else could have resulted in an accident.

If, on the other hand, the winch crank is operated (against the Clockwise), the gear 79 becomes clockwise rotated (see dashed arrows in Fig. 3). In order to locks the freewheel 78 again and the shaft 70 is in Clockwise, i.e. in hole direction 31, taken away. The Winch drum 14 can accordingly with a reduction the gears 76 and 79 are rotated manually.

The motor gear train does not need to be turned be, because with the engine stopped or turning slowly Freewheel 64 when driving the hub 62 counterclockwise the gear 60 is free running.

Because of this automatic "handover" between the two Drive types, it is even possible to operate the engine with the Winch crank "help" without mechanical damage or there is a risk of accident.

It can be seen that by exclusive use of helical gear units and their arrangement in an oil bath Gear efficiency is very good. Along with the use a high-revving engine and a strong reduction can generate large tractive forces with a small motor become. It also contributes to the reduction that the Torque transmitted to the inner ring gear on the winch drum 71 close to the largest diameter of the winch drum is located, while the effective winch drum surface 16 a has a smaller diameter.

If the rope is completely loosened in this version should, it is led out of the gripping groove 23 and the end left loose so that the turns on the winch drum relax and release the rope. Is the same also perform when the rope is loosened little or the Rope tension should be reduced somewhat. Here the Operate the rope end very carefully and then immediately tighten again and into the gripping groove of the self-recovery device 22 so as not to slacken too much.

An expanded one explained with reference to FIGS. 10 to 23 Embodiment of the mother winch according to the invention makes it possible, also the motoring or crimping of the rope to make.

This embodiment is the same in the area of the winch constructed like the previously described embodiment, however with the following additions:

The groaning or crying, in which the train Rope can be loosened or released, must be checked happen. A jerky, uncontrolled easing is e.g. not useful for trimming the sails. thats why in this version the motor is used as a brake. He is accordingly when the winch drum turns back 14 in the direction of lubrication 39 (FIG. 1) also in the opposite direction driven. The freewheel 64 enables this backward rotation because he remains engaged.

However, to rule out the possibility that when someone wrings down on the Winch crank nut attached winch crank itself undesirable rotates, the gearbox design is changed as it is is apparent from Figures 11 to 22.

They show three different versions of an engagement mechanism 100 for the mechanical drive. Common is this Versions that instead of the freewheel 78 one manually actuating rocker switch 101 is provided, which around the manual drive shaft 98 is pivotally mounted. That on pinion 102 on this shaft drives an intermediate pinion 103, which is freely rotatable on the rocker switch. The Shift rocker is designed in the form of a fork lever (see Figures 11, 15 and 19). Between the two fork legs the pinions 102, 103 run.

The rocker switch 101 can be actuated by an actuating handle 104 in Intervention (Figures 13, 17 and 21) or out of engagement (Figures 14, 18 and 22) are brought with the intermediate gear 69, the drives the winch drum. So not only can Freewheel 78, but also the gear 79 are eliminated. Around ensure that the winch's motor operation (in both Directions) is only possible if the mechanical drive is switched off, a microswitch 105 is provided which in the control circuit and only when the mechanical is switched off Drive closes the control circuit and thus the electrical winch functions.

In this respect, the functions are in all three embodiments according to Figures 11 to 14, 15 to 18 and 19 to 22 the same. The type of mechanical control handle is different 104 and its arrangement.

In the embodiment according to FIGS. 11 to 14, the operating handle is formed as a spring plate 104a, which from the Winch base protrudes through a cutout 106a and between the positions shown in Figures 13 and 14 is pivotable. It snaps into the upper recesses under its spring force, the two end positions establish. The spring plate is pressed down to operate and can then be swiveled. One can on the spring plate Actuation button be put on.

The embodiment according to FIGS. 15 to 18 points for pivoting the rocker 101 a separate, teardrop-shaped Actuation lever 104b, which is about an axis 107 inside of a segment cutout 106b can be pivoted by approximately 180 ° is stored. A drive pin 108 runs in a fork groove 109 on the rocker 101 and pivots the rocker between the positions shown in Figures 17 and 18. This Execution creates a great translation for actuation, ensures that the actual operating lever 104b through the cutout 106b, but not over the Winch scope protrudes and ensures at the same time Locking in the end positions, because especially if the operating handle is pivoted a little over 180 °, what is possible with the arrangement in the segment-shaped groove, self-assurance occurs.

The embodiment according to FIGS. 19 to 22 has an operating handle 104c in the form of an operating button, which in unactuated state (manual drive switched off) in is sunk into a segment-shaped cutout 106c (FIG. 22), but can be gripped and pulled out so that an inclined surface 110 on the operating handle 104 together with a pin on the rocker 101 to engage it Gear 69 releases. The tilting of the seesaw can be done can be effected by a spring 130. Furthermore, with all Versions an additional contact force between the gears 103 and 69 manufactured by the on the gears acting reaction forces bring them together themselves.

The motor winch with fiering device works with the following Procedure: The winch works under motor operation Get as previously described. If the winch is operated manually should be what is intended only in the fetch direction, is described above with reference to Figures 11 to 22 Switching mechanism 100 of the manual gear train switched on and by turning the winch handle clockwise Shaft 98, the pinion 102 and 103 and via the idler gear 69 the winch drum rotated. In this state it is Microswitch 105 open and therefore motor actuation locked out. Because of the freewheel 64, the motor will not turned.

The return or fiering function is carried out by means of an electronic Sequence and control control via a logic module (Eprom) controlled. This is in a control device 112 integrated, which is shown schematically in Fig. 10 and itself located in the control unit 89. For this function are additional to the circuit components shown in FIG. 9 following available: an operation switch 113 for the Fierfunktion that belongs to the control circuit that already described microswitch 105 on the connection mechanism for the mechanical actuation and an electromechanical switch-off device for the winch drum freewheel 75. This consists, as indicated by dashed lines in Fig. 6, of the Control circuit controllable electromagnets or servomotors, the pawls 79 of the winch drum freewheel can bring back against their spring force and thus the Release winch drum 14 for rotation in both directions. The control 116 takes place via control lines 117.

There is a braking resistor in or outside of control unit 89 118 provided, via a by the control device 112 controllable contactor or relay 119 the motor circuit closes.

The process is now as follows: When the return switch 113 is actuated, so the control device 112 the engine briefly started in the pulling direction in order to until then loaded and thus jammed pawls 73 the winch drum 14 to solve. Starting the engine takes place by means of preset speed pulses, controlled via a pulse generator on the motor. The pawls 73 of the Winch drum freewheel 75 (Fig. 6) are on the switch-off devices 116 disengaged and in this Position held.

The motor is switched off again. Under the train of the The winch drum now begins in rope direction 39 to turn. The motor is driven and turns in Reverse direction of its normal direction of rotation until a preset Downwind speed is reached. This is about monitors the pulse generator 120 on the engine or in the gear train. When the downwind speed is reached, relay 119 closed, so that now the resistor 118 from the as Generator acting motor is loaded and the motor is therefore acts as an engine brake. The winch drum turns with it a controlled speed braked backwards. Possibly could be through appropriate control or for example the choice of different resistances Reverse wind speed can be adjustable.

To end the four-way process, press the button on the control switch 113 released. Then it is controlled via the Control device 112, the motor is briefly switched on again, and so long until now in the forward direction working engine the reverse rotation is braked and the The direction of rotation of the winch drum is in the reverse process i.e. goes to zero. This is also via the pulse generator the control device reported and this causes the Magnets or actuators of the switch-off device 116 die Loosen pawls 73 again so that they are under their spring force can fall into the toothing 72 of the drum and save them again. The wind down process is now complete. Braking the reverse rotation does not cause the process is suddenly interrupted and the drum does not come out of the Reverse stopped suddenly by the pawls what could cause wear or damage.

As already mentioned with reference to FIG. 1, the The retaining device 34, the rope 15 even with a reverse rotation in the gripping groove 23 of the self-retrieval device 22 to hold and prevent the rope end becomes free and the wrapping around the winch drum solves. So it is avoided that the rope tension in fierce suddenly collapses and is after the fiering process the rope is ready for retrieval.

So a winch is created by the invention that especially as a sheet or halyard winch for sailing yachts etc. suitable is. It has an integrated electrical or Hydraulic drive, whereby the motor is integrated into the winch is that he is inside the winch body and in particular lies within the winch drum. It causes an im Multi-stage gearbox on the winch base, supported possibly by a planetary gear present in the motor itself, the rotation of the winch drum. A manual Operation with winch handle is through a winch handle possible in the winch head, with the manual drive shaft on runs past the somewhat off-center motor.

A reverse rotation or lubrication function can be provided the motor after switching off the drum lock braking and turning back at a controlled speed.

Claims (15)

Winch for ropes (15), especially for running goods such as traps and pods on sailing vehicles 1.1 a winch drum (14) which can be rotated at least in a retrieval direction (31), 1.2 a winch base which can be attached to a base part (13), 1.3 a winch gear (84), 1.4 a motor (52) which is at least partially arranged in a motor space (47) surrounded by the winch drum (14) and drives the winch drum (14) via the gear. Winch according to claim 1, characterized in that the Engine compartment (47) in a substantially tubular Support body (44) is provided on which the winch drum (14) preferably rotatable by means of needle bearings (46) is stored, and that the motor (52) with it parallel to the axis of rotation (28) of the winch drum (14) Motor axis (53) is mounted. Winch according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it has an additional manual drive, preferably the winch drum (14) covering lid-like winch head (29) from a Winch crank can be actuated, with a drive shaft (98) for the manual drive on the possibly eccentric engine (52) arranged in the engine compartment (47) runs. Winch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that they did when picking up the winch drum (14) running rope (15) tightening self-recovery device (22) which is near the free end of the Winch drum (14) is arranged and a revolving Has gripping groove (23), preferably the gripping groove (23) two axially variable to the winch drum (14) Gripping body (24, 25), of which especially one as a flange of the winch drum (14) and the other as a spring axially movable washer (25) is formed. Winch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the motor as an electric gear motor (52) with integrated, as gear pre-stage serving engine gearbox is formed, the speed preferably as a DC shunt motor trained engine that has an idle speed of over 10,000 rpm, especially at approx. 14,000 rpm, has before the introduction to the winch gear (84) reduced three to five times. Winch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the winch gear (84) and that Motor gear (54) preferably as a non-self-locking Helical gear units are formed, the winch gear unit (84) especially in a maintenance-free oil bath running. Winch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that the winch gear (84) in the winch base (12) is arranged and three gear levels contains, each forming a gear stage, and at least two slices stacked on top of each other Contains circuit boards (50, 51), possibly the third gear stage in a winch drum (14) and space formed by this surrounding support body (44) is included. Winch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that they have an electrical, manual switchable control (89) can be actuated, which at least a contactor (90) and an overcurrent fuse (91) to limit the maximum pulling force. Winch according to one of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that it has at least two of the following freewheels: 9.1 a winch drum freewheel (75) which allows the winch drum (14) to rotate in the pulling direction (31) but prevents it from turning back against the pulling direction; 9.2 a first gear freewheel (64), which is switched on the gear train between the motor and the gear connection of the manual drive and uncouples the motor (52) during manual operation; 9.3 a second gear freewheel (78), which is provided in the manual drive train and uncouples it during engine operation. Winch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that they have a fiering device with a contains electrical control device (112) with which a rope (15) under tension is loosened or relaxed can be, the motor (52) as possibly controlled brake is used. Winch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized that a manual drive the winch switched off during engine operation and when operated manually via a manually operated connection mechanism (100) can be activated. Winch according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the winch drum freewheel (75) by the control device (112) can be activated by electrical actuation is so that the winch drum (14) in both Rotation directions is rotatable, the activation especially by an electromagnetic or electromechanical Lifting of pawls (73) one of the Freewheel (75) pawl ratchet and where applicable, the activation after a motor Actuation in the pulling direction (31) to release the pawls (73) takes place. Winch according to claim 12, characterized in that the motor (52) from under the pull of the rope (15) reversed winch drum (14) is reversible and the Control device (112) a braking resistor (118) contains that of the control device (112) at a predetermined reverse speed is switched on, and the Control device after manual shutdown of the Fiereinrichtung controls the motor in the fetching direction (31), until the winch drum (14) almost comes to a standstill after which she switches on the freewheel (75) again. Winch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the self-recovery device (22) a Contains retention device (34) which the rope (15) also holds when celebrating in the self-recovery facility and preferably has a resilient retaining lever (35), the circumferential distance in the direction of the rope a guide device (30) which removes the rope from the winch drum leads into the self-recovery device (22), arranged is. Winch according to one of the preceding claims, characterized characterized in that the winch drum (14) on its as Contact surface to the rope-serving outer surface (16) groups of circumferentially spaced from each other preferably two approximately axially parallel ribs (17) having.

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