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EP1125046B1 - Fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine with a pressure amplifier - Google Patents

Fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine with a pressure amplifier Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1125046B1
EP1125046B1 EP00958196A EP00958196A EP1125046B1 EP 1125046 B1 EP1125046 B1 EP 1125046B1 EP 00958196 A EP00958196 A EP 00958196A EP 00958196 A EP00958196 A EP 00958196A EP 1125046 B1 EP1125046 B1 EP 1125046B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pressure
fuel
injection system
unit
fuel injection
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP00958196A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1125046A1 (en
Inventor
Bernd Mahr
Martin Kropp
Hans-Christoph Magel
Wolfgang Otterbach
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP1125046A1 publication Critical patent/EP1125046A1/en
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Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/02Fuel-injection apparatus having several injectors fed by a common pumping element, or having several pumping elements feeding a common injector; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for cutting-out pumps, pumping elements, or injectors; Fuel-injection apparatus having provisions for variably interconnecting pumping elements and injectors alternatively
    • F02M63/0225Fuel-injection apparatus having a common rail feeding several injectors ; Means for varying pressure in common rails; Pumps feeding common rails
    • F02M63/0275Arrangement of common rails
    • F02M63/0285Arrangement of common rails having more than one common rail
    • F02M63/029Arrangement of common rails having more than one common rail per cylinder bank, e.g. storing different fuels or fuels at different pressure levels per cylinder bank
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M41/00Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor
    • F02M41/16Fuel-injection apparatus with two or more injectors fed from a common pressure-source sequentially by means of a distributor characterised by the distributor being fed from a constant pressure source, e.g. accumulator or constant pressure positive displacement pumps
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M45/00Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship
    • F02M45/02Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts
    • F02M45/04Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by having a cyclic delivery of specific time/pressure or time/quantity relationship with each cyclic delivery being separated into two or more parts with a small initial part, e.g. initial part for partial load and initial and main part for full load
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M47/00Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure
    • F02M47/02Fuel-injection apparatus operated cyclically with fuel-injection valves actuated by fluid pressure of accumulator-injector type, i.e. having fuel pressure of accumulator tending to open, and fuel pressure in other chamber tending to close, injection valves and having means for periodically releasing that closing pressure
    • F02M47/027Electrically actuated valves draining the chamber to release the closing pressure
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M57/00Fuel-injectors combined or associated with other devices
    • F02M57/02Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps
    • F02M57/022Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive
    • F02M57/025Injectors structurally combined with fuel-injection pumps characterised by the pump drive hydraulic, e.g. with pressure amplification
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M59/00Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps
    • F02M59/02Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type
    • F02M59/10Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive
    • F02M59/105Pumps specially adapted for fuel-injection and not provided for in groups F02M39/00 -F02M57/00, e.g. rotary cylinder-block type of pumps of reciprocating-piston or reciprocating-cylinder type characterised by the piston-drive hydraulic drive
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02MSUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
    • F02M63/00Other fuel-injection apparatus having pertinent characteristics not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00; Details, component parts, or accessories of fuel-injection apparatus, not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M39/00 - F02M61/00 or F02M67/00; Combination of fuel pump with other devices, e.g. lubricating oil pump
    • F02M63/0003Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure
    • F02M63/0007Fuel-injection apparatus having a cyclically-operated valve for connecting a pressure source, e.g. constant pressure pump or accumulator, to an injection valve held closed mechanically, e.g. by springs, and automatically opened by fuel pressure using electrically actuated valves

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of the claim 1.
  • Such an injection system is, for example, by EP 0 711 914 A1 has become known.
  • a valve body for example a nozzle needle
  • a closing force for example a closing force
  • the pressure at which fuel emerges from the nozzle chamber into the cylinder is referred to as the injection pressure
  • a system pressure is understood to mean the pressure under which fuel is available or is stored in the injection system.
  • a stroke-controlled fuel injection system is understood in the context of the invention that the opening and closing of the injection opening of an injector take place with the aid of a displaceable valve member due to the hydraulic interaction of the fuel pressures in a nozzle chamber and in a control chamber. Furthermore, in the following an arrangement is referred to as central if it is intended for all cylinders together and as local if it is intended for only a single cylinder.
  • Fuel injection system is using a high pressure pump Fuel to a first high fuel pressure compressed by about 1200 bar and in a first pressure accumulator saved. Furthermore, it is under high pressure standing fuel also in a second pressure accumulator promoted in which by regulating its fuel supply a second high fuel pressure by means of a 2/2-way valve of approximately 400 bar is maintained.
  • a Valve control unit is either the lower or higher Fuel pressure passed into the injector nozzle area. There is a spring-loaded valve body due to the pressure lifted off its valve seat so that fuel can emerge from the nozzle opening.
  • a disadvantage of this known fuel injection system is that initially all of the fuel only on the higher Pressure level must be compressed to then one Part of the fuel back to the lower pressure level relieve.
  • the high pressure pump since it is from the Camshaft of the engine is driven, continuously in operation even if the desired pressure in the respective Pressure accumulator is already set up. This permanent High pressure generation and the subsequent relief on the low pressure level stand a better efficiency opposite.
  • EP 0691471 shows an injection system with a pressure translation unit between the fuel pump and the injector.
  • the injection system according to the invention shows improvement of the efficiency the characteristic features of the Claim 1 on.
  • a higher pressure level by means of a central pressure translation unit to create.
  • the pressure translation unit is independent of the camshaft, if necessary selectively controllable, so that the high pressure can be better regulated is. Because the pressure translation unit is not permanent is in operation, the Friction losses.
  • first embodiment of a pressure-controlled Kraftstofeinspritzsystems 1 is a volume-controlled fuel pump 2 fuel 3 from a storage tank 4 via a feed line 5 in a first central pressure accumulator 6 (common rail), from which a plurality of the number of individual cylinders corresponding pressure lines 7 to the individual pressure-controlled injectors 9 (injection device) projecting into the combustion chamber 8 of the internal combustion engine to be supplied.
  • a first (lower) fuel pressure (for example approx. 300 bar) is generated and stored in the first pressure accumulator 6 (common rail).
  • This fuel pressure can be used for pre-injection and, if necessary, for post-injection (HC enrichment for exhaust gas aftertreatment) as well as for displaying an injection course with a plateau (boat injection).
  • Downstream of the first pressure accumulator 6 is a central pressure translation unit 10 , by means of which fuel from the first pressure accumulator 6 is compressed to a second, higher fuel pressure for a main injection.
  • the higher fuel pressure is stored in a second pressure accumulator 11 (common rail), from which a plurality of pressure lines 12 corresponding to the number of cylinders also lead to the individual injectors 9.
  • a fuel pressure of approximately 300 bar to 1800 bar can be stored in this pressure accumulator 11.
  • the pressure booster unit 10 comprises a valve unit 13 for pressure booster control, a pressure booster 14 with a pressure medium 14 ' in the form of a displaceable piston element, and two check valves 15 and 16 .
  • the pressure medium 14 ' can be connected at one end with the aid of the valve unit 13 to the first pressure accumulator 6, so that it is pressurized at one end by the fuel in a primary chamber 17 .
  • a differential space 18 is relieved of pressure by means of a leakage line 19 , so that the pressure medium 14 'can be displaced in the compression direction in order to reduce the volume of a pressure chamber 20 .
  • the fuel located in the pressure chamber 20 is compressed to a second higher fuel pressure in accordance with the area ratio of the primary chamber 17 and the pressure chamber 20 and supplied to the second pressure accumulator 11.
  • the check valve 15 prevents the backflow of compressed fuel from the second pressure accumulator 11. If the primary chamber 17 is connected to a leakage line 21 with the aid of the valve unit 13, the pressure medium 14 ′ is reset and the pressure chamber 20 is refilled, via the check valve 16 is connected to the pressure line 7. Due to the pressure conditions in the primary chamber 17 and in the pressure chamber 20, the check valve 16 opens, so that the pressure chamber 20 is under the first fuel pressure (rail pressure of the first pressure accumulator 6) and the pressure medium 14 'is hydraulically returned to its starting position. To improve the resetting behavior, one or more springs can be arranged in rooms 17, 18 and 20. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the valve unit 13 is only shown as an example as a 3/2-way valve.
  • a fuel metering with either the lower or the higher fuel pressure is carried out separately for each cylinder or injector 9, in each case via a local valve arrangement 22 , which in the exemplary embodiment shown is a 3/2-way valve 23 for the lower fuel pressure and a 2 / 2-way valve 24 is formed for the higher fuel pressure.
  • the prevailing pressure is then passed via a pressure line 25 into a nozzle chamber 26 of the injector 9.
  • the injection is pressure-controlled with the aid of a piston-shaped valve member 27 (nozzle needle) which is axially displaceable in a guide bore and whose conical valve sealing surface 28 interacts with a valve seat surface on the injector housing 29 and thus closes the injection openings 30 provided there.
  • a pressure surface of the valve member 27 pointing in the opening direction of the valve member 27 is exposed to the pressure prevailing there, the nozzle chamber 26 continuing through an annular gap between the valve member 27 and the guide bore up to the valve sealing surface 28 of the injector 9. Due to the pressure prevailing in the nozzle chamber 26, the valve member 27 sealing the injection openings 29 is opened against the action of a closing force (closing spring 31 ), the spring chamber 32 being relieved of pressure by means of a leakage line 33 . The injection with the lower fuel pressure takes place when the 2/2-way valve 24 is not energized by energizing the 3/2-way valve 23.
  • the local valve arrangement 22 can be arranged inside the injector housing 29 (FIG. 1a) or, as shown in FIG. 1b, outside the injector housing, for example in the region of the pressure accumulators 6, 11.
  • a smaller size of the injector housing and an increased injection pressure can be achieved by utilizing wave reflections in the now longer pressure line 25.
  • FIG. 2 shows another local valve arrangement 22a , which can either be arranged inside the injector housing (FIG. 2a) or outside the injector housing (FIG. 2b).
  • This local valve arrangement 22a comprises a 2/2-way valve 35 as a switching element for the higher fuel pressure, a check valve 36 in the pressure line 7 and a 3/2-way valve 37 in the pressure line 25 for switching the respective pressure Injection with the lower fuel pressure takes place when the 2/2-way valve 35 is deenergized by energizing the 3/2-way valve 37.
  • the check valve 36 prevents unwanted return into the pressure line 7.
  • the 3/2-way valve 37 is switched back to leakage 34.
  • the fuel from the second pressure accumulator 11, controlled by a central valve unit 38 (for example a 3/2-way valve), is distributed centrally to the individual pressure-controlled injectors via a distributor device 39 .
  • the injection with the lower fuel pressure takes place when the valve unit 38 is de-energized by energizing the 3/2-way valve 37 which alone forms the local valve arrangement 22b .
  • the injection with the higher fuel pressure takes place when the valve unit 37 is de-energized and the central valve unit 38 is energized via the distributor device 39.
  • the central valve unit 38 is switched back to leakage 40 and the distributor device 39 and the injector are thus relieved.
  • the local valve unit 22b can either be part of the injector housing (FIG. 3a) or be arranged outside the injector housing (FIG. 3b).
  • FIG. 4 shows that, unlike in FIG. 3, the lower fuel pressure can also be metered centrally by means of the distributor device 39.
  • the fuel metering with either the lower or the higher fuel pressure takes place here by means of a centrally arranged valve arrangement 41, which switches through either the pressure line 42 leading away from the first pressure accumulator 6 or the pressure line 43 leading away from the second pressure accumulator 11 to the central distributor device 39.
  • the central valve arrangement 41 is constructed analogously to the local valve arrangement 22a (FIG. 2).
  • the injection in the fuel injection system 50 shown in FIG. 5 is stroke-controlled by means of stroke-controlled injectors 51, only one of which is shown in more detail.
  • stroke-controlled injectors 51 Starting from the pressure-controlled injector 9 of FIG. 1 engages with a stroke-controlled injector 51 on the valve member 27 is coaxial with the valve spring 31, a pressure piece 52, the end face 53 remote from its valve sealing surface 28 delimits a control space 54.
  • the control chamber 54 From the pressure line 25, the control chamber 54 has a fuel inlet with a first throttle 55 and a fuel outlet to a pressure relief line 56 with a second throttle 57 , which can be controlled for leakage 59 by a 2/2-way valve 58 .
  • the pressure piece 52 is pressurized in the closing direction by the pressure in the control chamber 54.
  • Fuel under the first or second fuel pressure constantly fills the nozzle chamber 26 and the control chamber 54.
  • the pressure in the control chamber 54 can be reduced, so that the opening direction is subsequently increased the valve member 27 pressure force in the nozzle chamber 26 exceeds the pressure force acting on the valve member 27 in the closing direction.
  • the valve sealing surface 28 lifts off the valve seat surface and fuel is injected.
  • the pressure relief process of the control chamber 54 and thus the stroke control of the valve member 27 can be influenced by the dimensioning of the two throttles 55 and 57.
  • the end of the injection is initiated by renewed actuation (closing) of the 2/2-way valve 58, which decouples the control chamber 54 from the leakage line 59 again, so that a pressure builds up again in the control chamber 54, which presses the pressure piece 52 in the closing direction can move.
  • the switching of the fuel to either the lower or the higher fuel pressure takes place locally for each injector 51 by means of a valve arrangement 60, which is formed from a 2/2-way valve 24 and a check valve 62 preventing an undesired return into the pressure line 7.
  • the valve arrangement can either be arranged inside the injector housing 61 (FIG. 5a) or outside (FIG. 5b).
  • the 2/2-way valve 58 is used for metering the fuel for both pressures.
  • FIG. 6 shows that, unlike in FIG. 5, the higher fuel pressure, as in FIG. 3a, can also be metered centrally via the distributor device 39.
  • the central valve unit 38 When the central valve unit 38 is not energized, the nozzle chamber 26 and control chamber 54 are filled with fuel from the first pressure accumulator 6, so that the fuel is injected at the lower fuel pressure.
  • the central valve unit 38 When the central valve unit 38 is energized, only the nozzle chamber 26 is connected to the second pressure accumulator 11 because of the check valve 63 , so that the fuel injection takes place with the higher fuel pressure.
  • the 2/2-way valve 58 is opened for injection with the lower fuel pressure.
  • the fuel is metered in under high pressure, the opening being stroke-controlled at the lower fuel pressure and pressure-controlled at the higher fuel pressure.
  • FIG. 7 shows a pressure-controlled injection system 70, in which, unlike in FIG. 2, the fuel stored in the first pressure accumulator 6 is not discharged for an injection.
  • the fuel from the second pressure accumulator 11 is supplied via the pressure line 12 to each individual injector 9 as a higher fuel pressure, which can be reduced to the lower fuel pressure by means of a local control unit 71 if required.
  • the control unit 71 comprises a 3/2-way valve 72 in order to either switch through the higher fuel pressure or to control it dissipatively by means of a throttle 73 and a pressure limiting valve 75 set to the lower fuel pressure and connected to a leakage line 74 .
  • the respective pressure present is then passed on to the injector 9 via the 3/2-way valve 37, as in FIG. 2, a check valve 76 preventing the higher fuel pressure from flowing out via the check valve 75.
  • FIG. 8 shows an injection system 80 corresponding to FIG. 7, but stroke-controlled , in which the fuel from the second pressure accumulator 11 can be reduced to the lower fuel pressure via the local control unit 71. The injection takes place via the stroke-controlled injectors 51.
  • the fuel pressure stored in the second pressure accumulator 11 is used as the lower fuel pressure. If necessary, a higher fuel pressure can then be generated from this by means of a local pressure booster 91 , which is arranged in a bypass line 92 of the pressure line 12.
  • the local pressure booster 91 which is constructed analogously to the central pressure booster 14, can be switched on by means of a valve unit 93 (3/2-way valve) in the bypass line 92.
  • the pressure chamber 94 of the local pressure booster 91 is filled with fuel from the second pressure accumulator 11, a check valve 95 preventing the return of compressed fuel back into the second pressure accumulator 11.
  • the pressure booster 91, the valve unit 93 and the check valve 95 form the local pressure booster unit 96 , which is located within the injector housing in the exemplary embodiment shown.
  • the fuel is metered with the prevailing fuel pressure via the 3/2-way valve 37 by means of pressure-controlled injectors 9.
  • the pressure chamber 20 of the central pressure transmission unit 10 can be supplied with fuel from the first pressure accumulator 6 instead of as in FIG. 9a can also be filled with fuel 3 ' , which a quantity-controlled fuel pump 2' conveys from a further storage tank 4 ' into the pressure chamber 20 via a delivery line 5' . Since the high pressure side and the low pressure side of the central pressure translation unit are hydraulically decoupled from one another, different operating materials, for example oil for the low pressure side and fuel for the high pressure side, can also be used for both sides.
  • the injection system 100 of FIG. 10 with its local pressure translation unit 96 corresponds to the injection system 90 (FIG. 9), but with stroke-controlled injectors 51.
  • the central pressure translation unit 10 is filled either with the fuel from the first pressure accumulator 6 (FIG. 10a) or with the fuel 3 'from the further storage tank 4' (Fig. 10b).
  • the stroke-controlled injection system 110 of FIG. 11 corresponds to the injection system 80 (FIG. 8), but with a differently designed local control unit 111.
  • Its pressure line 112 can either be connected directly to the second pressure accumulator 11 or by means of a 3/2-way valve 113 a leakage line 115 containing a pressure relief valve 114 can be connected.
  • the connection to the second pressure accumulator 11 is used for the main injection and the simultaneous filling of an accumulator space 116. During this connection, fuel under higher fuel pressure can fill the control space 54 and the nozzle space 26.
  • the pressure line 112 is continuously connected to the leakage line 115 during the pre-injection and post-injection.
  • the pressure relief valve 114 opens above a pressure of, for example, 300 bar, so that the fuel flowing out of the accumulator space 116 is reduced to this lower fuel pressure.
  • the start and end of the main injection and the pre-injection and post-injection can be controlled by means of the 2/2-way valve 58.
  • the central distributor device 39 distributes the higher fuel pressure generated by the central pressure translation unit 10 to the individual injectors 9.
  • the local fuel control unit 71 already described above can then either use the higher fuel pressure for an injection switched through or reduced to a lower fuel pressure in a dissipative manner.
  • a check valve arrangement 122 is provided for each injector 9, which allows the fuel in the direction of the injector 9 through a first check valve 123 and the return flow of fuel from the injector 9 by means of a throttle 124 and a second check valve 125 to relieve the distributor device 39 and allows for pressure reduction.
  • either the higher fuel pressure can be switched through or a lower fuel pressure can be generated via a throttle 127 via a 2/2-way valve 126 , a check valve 128 preventing a backflow via the throttle 127.
  • the parts 126, 127 and 128 form the local pressure limiting or throttling unit, designated overall by 129 .
  • the central pressure transmission unit 10 ′ is designed here without a check valve 15.
  • the pressure-controlled injection system 130 of FIG. 13 manages completely without local control, since the central pressure translation unit 131 with its pressure converter 132 is used not only to generate the higher fuel pressure, but also to throttle the lower fuel pressure.
  • the pressure chamber 20 is connected to a leakage line 134 via a pressure relief valve 133 set to the lower fuel pressure, whereby the injection pressure is initially limited to the lower fuel pressure, for example 300 bar.
  • the connection between pressure chamber 20 and pressure limiting valve 133 is closed by the pressure medium 14 ' (pressure booster piston) after only a slight movement. This means that the higher fuel pressure is available for the subsequent injection process.
  • Suitable non-return valves are to be arranged for refilling the pressure chamber 20, with a spring force acting on the pressure medium 14 ′ promoting the filling.
  • the pressure chamber 20 is connected to the primary chamber 17 via a check valve 135 arranged in the pressure medium 14 ′. While in Fig. 13a the injection quantity that is injected with the lower fuel pressure is predetermined, this injection quantity, i.e. the pressure level of the pre-injection and the course of the main injection (boat injection), can be performed by a central control unit 136 (2/2-way -Valve) can be controlled before the pressure relief valve 133 (Fig. 13b). In another variant (FIG.
  • the pressure chamber 20 can also be connected directly to the pressure accumulator 6 via the line 137 , so that its fuel is passed on to the pressure-controlled injectors 9 for injection at the lower fuel pressure. This allows the leakage quantities to be reduced.
  • the pressure accumulator 6 of FIG. 13a is omitted and the pressure is built up by energizing a 2/2-way valve 138 .
  • the high pressure pump 5 can generate a fuel pressure of approximately 300 to approximately 1000 bar and can be, for example, a cam pump. High-pressure pump 5 and 2/2-way valve 138 form the pressure unit 139 .
  • the injection - as in FIG. 13b - can also be controlled by the control unit 136.
  • the pressure-controlled injection system 140 shown in FIG. 14 which otherwise corresponds to the injection system of FIG. 13c, comprises in its pressure translation unit 141 a piezoelectric valve unit 142, the valve cross section of which is controlled by means of a piezo actuator (actuator, actuator), or a fast-switching solenoid valve.
  • the piezo actuators which have a necessary temperature compensation and possibly a required force or displacement ratio, are used to control the cross-section and thus to shape the injection process.
  • a completely independent pre-injection becomes possible both in terms of time and in the injection quantity and in the injection pressure.
  • the main injection can be flexibly adapted to any required injection process and additionally enables split injection or post-injection, which can be added almost anywhere close to the main injection.
  • the pressure-controlled injection system 150 of FIG. 15 which is based on the injection system of FIG. 12, uses the pressure unit 139 to generate a pressure of approximately 200 bar to approximately 1000 bar as the operating medium for the central pressure translation unit 151, which is operated solely by the pressure converter 132 ( 13a) is formed.
  • the lowering to the lower fuel pressure takes place in FIG. 15a by means of the local control unit 71 having a pressure relief valve (FIG. 7) and in FIG. 15b by means of the local pressure control or throttle unit 129 (FIG. 12b).
  • the pressure-controlled injection system 160 of FIG. 16 differs from that of FIG. 13d in that the central pressure booster 132 can be bypassed by a parallel bypass line 161 and activated by means of a valve unit 162 (FIG. 16a) or 162a (FIG. 16b) or can be deactivated.
  • the valve unit 162 is designed upstream of the pressure booster 132 and as a 3/2-way valve
  • the valve unit 162 a is downstream of the pressure booster 132 and as a 2/2-way valve which is decoupled via a check valve 163 is.
  • the parts 132, 161, 162 and 132, 162a, 163 form the central pressure transmission unit 164 and 164a.
  • either the lower fuel pressure stored in the central pressure accumulator 6 or the higher fuel pressure generated via the central pressure translation unit 10 ′ is distributed centrally to the individual injectors 9.
  • the injection of the respective fuel pressure is controlled via the central valve unit 171 (3/2-way valve), the function of which corresponds to that of the valve unit 37 (FIG. 2a).
  • the valve units shown in the figures can each of electromagnets for opening or closing or Toggle.
  • the electromagnets are from controlled by a control unit that has various operating parameters (Engine speed, .9) of the internal combustion engine to be supplied can monitor and process.
  • Piezo actuators can also be used for solenoid-controlled valve units (Actuator, actuator) can be used, the one necessary temperature compensation and possibly a necessary one Have power or path translation.
  • a fuel injection system (1) for an internal combustion engine where the by means of a high pressure pump (5) fuel delivered with at least two different high fuel pressures via injectors (9) in the Combustion chamber (8) of the internal combustion engine are injected can, is between the high pressure pump (5) and the injectors (9) at least one central pressure translation unit (10) for all injectors (9).
  • the pressure translation unit can be controlled if necessary, which means the fuel under the higher pressure better quantity is adjustable and so are the losses reduced by friction.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)

Description

Stand der TechnikState of the art

Die Erfindung geht aus von einem Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem für eine Brennkraftmaschine nach der Gattung des Patentanspruchs 1. The invention is based on a fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine according to the preamble of the claim 1.

Ein derartiges Einpritzsystem ist beispielsweise durch die EP 0 711 914 A1 bekanntgeworden.Such an injection system is, for example, by EP 0 711 914 A1 has become known.

Zum besseren Verständnis der nachfolgenden Beschreibung werden zunächst einige Begriffe näher erläutert: Bei einem druckgesteuerten Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem wird durch den im Düsenraum eines Injektors herrschenden Kraftstoffdruck ein Ventilkörper (z.B. eine Düsennadel) gegen die Wirkung einer Schließkraft aufgesteuert und so die Einspritzöffnung für eine Einspritzung des Kraftstoffes freigegeben. Der Druck, mit dem Kraftstoff aus dem Düsenraum in den Zylinder austritt, wird als Einspritzdruck bezeichnet, während unter einem Systemdruck der Druck verstanden wird, unter dem Kraftstoff im Einspritzsystem zur Verfügung steht bzw. bevorratet ist. Unter einem hubgesteuerten Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem wird im Rahmen der Erfindung verstanden, daß das Öffnen und Schließen der Einspritzöffnung eines Injektors mit Hilfe eines verschieblichen Ventilglieds aufgrund des hydraulischen Zusammenwirkens der Kraftstoffdrücke in einem Düsenraum und in einem Steuerraum erfolgen. Weiterhin ist im folgenden eine Anordnung als zentral bezeichnet, wenn sie gemeinsam für alle Zylinder vorgesehen ist, und als lokal, wenn sie für nur einen einzelnen Zylinder vorgesehen ist.For a better understanding of the following description, a few terms are first explained in more detail: In a pressure-controlled fuel injection system , the fuel pressure prevailing in the nozzle space of an injector opens a valve body (for example a nozzle needle) against the action of a closing force and thus releases the injection opening for an injection of the fuel. The pressure at which fuel emerges from the nozzle chamber into the cylinder is referred to as the injection pressure , while a system pressure is understood to mean the pressure under which fuel is available or is stored in the injection system. A stroke-controlled fuel injection system is understood in the context of the invention that the opening and closing of the injection opening of an injector take place with the aid of a displaceable valve member due to the hydraulic interaction of the fuel pressures in a nozzle chamber and in a control chamber. Furthermore, in the following an arrangement is referred to as central if it is intended for all cylinders together and as local if it is intended for only a single cylinder.

Bei dem aus der EP 0 711 914 A1 bekannten druckgesteuerten Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem wird mit Hilfe einer Hochdruckpumpe Kraftstoff auf einen ersten hohen Kraftstoffdruck von etwa 1200 bar komprimiert und in einem ersten Druckspeicher gespeichert. Weiterhin wird der unter Hochdruck stehende Kraftstoff auch in einen zweiten Druckspeicher gefördert, in welchem durch Regelung seiner Kraftstoffzufuhr mittels eines 2/2-Wegventils ein zweiter hoher Kraftstoffdruck von ca. 400 bar aufrechterhalten wird. Über eine Ventilsteuereinheit wird entweder der tiefere oder höhere Kraftstoffdruck in den Düsenraum eines Injektors geleitet. Dort wird durch den Druck ein federbelasteter Ventilkörper von seinem Ventilsitz abgehoben, so daß Kraftstoff aus der Düsenöffnung austreten kann.In the pressure-controlled known from EP 0 711 914 A1 Fuel injection system is using a high pressure pump Fuel to a first high fuel pressure compressed by about 1200 bar and in a first pressure accumulator saved. Furthermore, it is under high pressure standing fuel also in a second pressure accumulator promoted in which by regulating its fuel supply a second high fuel pressure by means of a 2/2-way valve of approximately 400 bar is maintained. Over a Valve control unit is either the lower or higher Fuel pressure passed into the injector nozzle area. There is a spring-loaded valve body due to the pressure lifted off its valve seat so that fuel can emerge from the nozzle opening.

Nachteilig bei diesem bekannten Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem ist, daß zunächst der gesamte Kraftstoff erst auf das höhere Druckniveau komprimiert werden muß, um dann einen Teil des Kraftstoffs wieder auf das tiefere Druckniveau zu entlasten. Außerdem ist die Hochdruckpumpe, da sie von der Nockenwelle des Motors angetrieben wird, dauerhaft im Betrieb und zwar auch dann, wenn der gewünschte Druck im jeweiligen Druckspeicher bereits aufgebaut ist. Diese permanente Hochdruckerzeugung und die nachfolgende Entlastung auf das Niederdruckniveau stehen einem besseren Wirkungsgrad entgegen.A disadvantage of this known fuel injection system is that initially all of the fuel only on the higher Pressure level must be compressed to then one Part of the fuel back to the lower pressure level relieve. In addition, the high pressure pump, since it is from the Camshaft of the engine is driven, continuously in operation even if the desired pressure in the respective Pressure accumulator is already set up. This permanent High pressure generation and the subsequent relief on the low pressure level stand a better efficiency opposite.

EP 0691471 zeigt ein Einspritzsystem mit einer Druckübersetzungseinheit zwischen der Kraftstoffpumpe und dem Injektor.EP 0691471 shows an injection system with a pressure translation unit between the fuel pump and the injector.

Vorteile der ErfindungAdvantages of the invention

Das erfindungsgemäße Einspritzsystem weist zur Verbesserung des Wirkungsgrads die kennzeichnenden Merkmale des Patentanspruchs 1 auf. Erfindungsgemäß wird vorgeschlagen, ein höheres Druckniveau mittels einer zentralen Druckübersetzungseinheit zu erzeugen. Die Druckübersetzungseinheit ist, da er unabhängig von der Nockenwelle ist, bei Bedarf gezielt ansteuerbar, wodurch der Hochdruck besser mengenregelbar ist. Da die Druckübersetzungseinheit nicht permanent im Betrieb ist, reduzieren sich entsprechend auch die Verluste durch Reibung. The injection system according to the invention shows improvement of the efficiency the characteristic features of the Claim 1 on. According to the invention, it is proposed a higher pressure level by means of a central pressure translation unit to create. The pressure translation unit is independent of the camshaft, if necessary selectively controllable, so that the high pressure can be better regulated is. Because the pressure translation unit is not permanent is in operation, the Friction losses.

Wenn die Hochdruckseite und die Niederdruckseite der zentralen Druckübersetzungseinheit voneinander hydraulisch entkoppelt sind, können für beide Seiten unterschiedliche Betriebsstoffe, z.B. Öl für die Niederdruckseite und Kraftstoff für die Hochdruckseite, verwendet werden.When the high pressure side and the low pressure side of the central Hydraulic pressure booster unit are decoupled, can be different for both sides Operating materials, e.g. Oil for the low pressure side and Fuel for the high pressure side.

Weitere Vorteile und vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des Gegenstands der Erfindung sind der Beschreibung, der Zeichnung und den Ansprüchen entnehmbar.Further advantages and advantageous configurations of the object the invention are the description, the drawing and removable from the claims.

Zeichnungdrawing

Verschiedene Ausführungsbeispiele des erfindungsgemäßen Kraftstoffeinspritzsystems mit einer zentralen Druckübersetzungseinheit sind in der Zeichnung schematisch dargestellt und in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung erläutert. Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
ein druckgesteuertes Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem für eine Einspritzung mit zwei, unterschiedlich hohen Kraftstoffdrücken, mit einer zentralen Druckübersetzungseinheit zwischen zwei zentralen Druckspeichern und jeweils einer lokalen Ventilanordnung für jeden Injektor;
Fig. 2
das Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem der Fig. 1 mit einer modifizierten lokalen Ventilanordnung;
Fig. 3
das Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem der Fig. 1 mit einer zentralen Verteilereinrichtung für den höheren Kraftstoffdruck und einer modifizierten lokalen Ventilanordnung;
Fig. 4
das Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem der Fig. 3, wobei auch der tiefere Kraftstoffdruck mittels der zentralen Verteilereinrichtung zugemessen wird;
Fig. 5
ein hubgesteuertes Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem für eine Einspritzung mit zwei, unterschiedlich hohen Kraftstoffdrücken, mit einer zentralen Druckübersetzungseinheit zwischen zwei zentralen Druckspeichern und einer lokalen Ventilanordnung;
Fig. 6
das Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem der Fig. 5, jedoch mit einer zentralen Verteilereinrichtung für den höheren Kraftstoffdruck;
Fig. 7
ein druckgesteuertes Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem, bei dem der höhere Kraftstoffdruck mittels einer lokalen Absteuereinheit auf einen tieferen Kraftstoffdruck abgesenkt werden kann;
Fig. 8
ein der Fig. 7 entsprechendes, allerdings hubgesteuertes Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem;
Fig. 9
ein druckgesteuertes Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem, bei dem ein höherer Kraftstoffdruck mittels einer lokalen Druckübersetzungseinheit erzeugt werden kann;
Fig. 10
ein der Fig. 9 entsprechendes, allerdings hubgesteuertes Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem;
Fig. 11
ein der Fig. 8 entsprechendes hubgesteuertes Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem mit einer modifizierten lokalen Absteuereinheit;
Fig. 12
ein der Fig. 7 entsprechendes druckgesteuertes Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem, allerdings ohne zweiten Druckspeicher, wobei der jeweilige Kraftstoffdruck mittels einer zentralen Verteilereinrichtung zugemessen wird;
Fig. 13
verschiedene der Fig. 12 entsprechende druckgesteuerte Kraftstoffeinspritzsysteme, jedoch mit jeweils modifizierter zentraler Druckübersetzungseinheit;
Fig. 14
ein der Fig. 13c entsprechendes druckgesteuertes Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem mit einer piezoelektrischen Ventileinheit in der zentralen Druckübersetzungseinheit;
Fig. 15
ein der Fig. 12 entsprechendes druckgesteuertes Einspritzsystem, allerdings ohne Druckspeicher und mit modifizierter zentraler Druckübersetzungseinheit;
Fig. 16
ein der Fig. 15 entsprechendes Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem, jedoch mit modifizierter zentraler Druckübersetzungseinheit und ohne lokale Absteuereinheit; und
Fig. 17
ein weiteres druckgesteuertes Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem mit einer zentralen Druckübersetzungseinheit zwischen einem zentralem Druckspeicher und einer zentralen Verteilereinrichtung.
Various exemplary embodiments of the fuel injection system according to the invention with a central pressure transmission unit are shown schematically in the drawing and explained in the description below. Show it:
Fig. 1
a pressure-controlled fuel injection system for an injection with two different fuel pressures, with a central pressure translation unit between two central pressure accumulators and a local valve arrangement for each injector;
Fig. 2
the fuel injection system of Figure 1 with a modified local valve assembly.
Fig. 3
the fuel injection system of Figure 1 with a central manifold for the higher fuel pressure and a modified local valve assembly.
Fig. 4
the fuel injection system of Figure 3, wherein the lower fuel pressure is metered by means of the central distributor.
Fig. 5
a stroke-controlled fuel injection system for an injection with two different fuel pressures, with a central pressure translation unit between two central pressure accumulators and a local valve arrangement;
Fig. 6
the fuel injection system of Figure 5, but with a central distributor for the higher fuel pressure.
Fig. 7
a pressure-controlled fuel injection system in which the higher fuel pressure can be reduced to a lower fuel pressure by means of a local control unit;
Fig. 8
a fuel injection system corresponding to FIG. 7, but stroke-controlled;
Fig. 9
a pressure controlled fuel injection system in which a higher fuel pressure can be generated by means of a local pressure translation unit;
Fig. 10
a fuel injection system corresponding to FIG. 9, but stroke-controlled;
Fig. 11
a stroke-controlled fuel injection system corresponding to FIG. 8 with a modified local control unit;
Fig. 12
a pressure-controlled fuel injection system corresponding to FIG. 7, but without a second pressure accumulator, the respective fuel pressure being metered by means of a central distributor device;
Fig. 13
various pressure-controlled fuel injection systems corresponding to FIG. 12, but each with a modified central pressure translation unit;
Fig. 14
a pressure-controlled fuel injection system corresponding to FIG. 13c with a piezoelectric valve unit in the central pressure translation unit;
Fig. 15
a pressure-controlled injection system corresponding to FIG. 12, but without a pressure accumulator and with a modified central pressure translation unit;
Fig. 16
a fuel injection system corresponding to FIG. 15, but with a modified central pressure transmission unit and without a local control unit; and
Fig. 17
a further pressure-controlled fuel injection system with a central pressure translation unit between a central pressure accumulator and a central distributor device.

Beschreibung der AusführungsbeispieleDescription of the embodiments

Bei dem in Fig. 1 dargestellten ersten Ausführungsbeispiel eines druckgesteuerten Kraftstofeinspritzsystems 1 fördert eine mengengeregelte Kraftstoffpumpe 2 Kraftstoff 3 aus einem Vorratstank 4 über eine Förderleitung 5 in einen ersten zentralen Druckspeicher 6 (Common-Rail), von dem mehrere, der Anzahl einzelner Zylinder entsprechende Druckleitungen 7 zu den einzelnen, in den Brennraum 8 der zu versorgenden Brennkraftmaschine ragenden druckgesteuerten Injektoren 9 (Einspritzeinrichtung) abführen. Mit Hilfe der Kraftstoffpumpe 2 wird so ein erster (tieferer) Kraftstoffdruck (z.B. ca. 300 bar) erzeugt und im ersten Druckspeicher 6 (Common Rail) gelagert. Dieser Kraftstoffdruck kann zur Voreinspritzung und bei Bedarf zur Nacheinspritzung (HC-Anreicherung zur Abgasnachbehandlung) sowie zur Darstellung eines Einspritzverlaufs mit Plateau (Bootinjektion) verwendet werden. Dem ersten Druckspeicher 6 ist eine zentrale Druckübersetzungseinheit 10 nachgeordnet, mittels der Kraftstoff aus dem ersten Druckspeicher 6 auf einen zweiten, höheren Kraftstoffdruck für eine Haupteinspritzung komprimiert wird. Der höhere Kraftstoffdruck wird in einem zweiten Druckspeicher 11 (Common Rail) gelagert, von dem ebenfalls mehrere, der Anzahl der Zylinder entsprechende Druckleitungen 12 zu den einzelnen Injektoren 9 abführen. In diesem Druckspeicher 11 kann ein Kraftstoffdruck von ca. 300 bar bis 1800 bar gelagert werden.In the example shown in Fig. 1 first embodiment of a pressure-controlled Kraftstofeinspritzsystems 1 is a volume-controlled fuel pump 2 fuel 3 from a storage tank 4 via a feed line 5 in a first central pressure accumulator 6 (common rail), from which a plurality of the number of individual cylinders corresponding pressure lines 7 to the individual pressure-controlled injectors 9 (injection device) projecting into the combustion chamber 8 of the internal combustion engine to be supplied. With the help of the fuel pump 2, a first (lower) fuel pressure (for example approx. 300 bar) is generated and stored in the first pressure accumulator 6 (common rail). This fuel pressure can be used for pre-injection and, if necessary, for post-injection (HC enrichment for exhaust gas aftertreatment) as well as for displaying an injection course with a plateau (boat injection). Downstream of the first pressure accumulator 6 is a central pressure translation unit 10 , by means of which fuel from the first pressure accumulator 6 is compressed to a second, higher fuel pressure for a main injection. The higher fuel pressure is stored in a second pressure accumulator 11 (common rail), from which a plurality of pressure lines 12 corresponding to the number of cylinders also lead to the individual injectors 9. A fuel pressure of approximately 300 bar to 1800 bar can be stored in this pressure accumulator 11.

Die Druckübersetzungseinheit 10 umfaßt eine Ventileinheit 13 zur Druckübersetzungsansteuerung, einen Druckübersetzer 14 mit einem Druckmittel 14' in Form eines verschieblichen Kolbenelements sowie zwei Rückschlagventile 15 und 16. Das Druckmittel 14' kann einenends mit Hilfe der Ventileinheit 13 an den ersten Druckspeicher 6 angeschlossen werden, so daß es durch den in einer Primärkammer 17 befindlichen Kraftstoff einenends druckbeaufschlagt wird. Ein Differenzraum 18 ist mittels einer Leckageleitung 19 druckentlastet, so daß das Druckmittel 14' zur Verringerung des Volumens einer Druckkammer 20 in Kompressionsrichtung verschoben werden kann. Dadurch wird der in der Druckkammer 20 befindliche Kraftstoff entsprechend dem Flächenverhältnis von Primärkammer 17 und Druckkammer 20 auf einen zweiten höheren Kraftstoffdruck verdichtet und dem zweiten Druckspeicher 11 zugeführt. Das Rückschlagventil 15 verhindert den Rückfluß von komprimiertem Kraftstoff aus dem zweiten Druckspeicher 11. Wird die Primärkammer 17 mit Hilfe der Ventileinheit 13 an eine Leckageleitung 21 angeschlossen, so erfolgen die Rückstellung des Druckmittels 14' und die Wiederbefüllung der Druckkammer 20, die über das Rückschlagventil 16 an die Druckleitung 7 angeschlossen ist. Aufgrund der Druckverhältnisse in der Primärkammer 17 und in der Druckkammer 20 öffnet das Rückschlagventil 16, so daß die Druckkammer 20 unter dem ersten Kraftstoffdruck (Raildruck des ersten Druckspeichers 6) steht und das Druckmittel 14' hydraulisch in seine Ausgangsstellung zurückgefahren wird. Zur Verbesserung des Rückstellverhaltens können eine oder mehrere Federn in den Räumen 17, 18 und 20 angeordnet sein. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Ventileinheit 13 lediglich beispielhaft als 3/2-Wege-Ventil dargestellt.The pressure booster unit 10 comprises a valve unit 13 for pressure booster control, a pressure booster 14 with a pressure medium 14 ' in the form of a displaceable piston element, and two check valves 15 and 16 . The pressure medium 14 'can be connected at one end with the aid of the valve unit 13 to the first pressure accumulator 6, so that it is pressurized at one end by the fuel in a primary chamber 17 . A differential space 18 is relieved of pressure by means of a leakage line 19 , so that the pressure medium 14 'can be displaced in the compression direction in order to reduce the volume of a pressure chamber 20 . As a result, the fuel located in the pressure chamber 20 is compressed to a second higher fuel pressure in accordance with the area ratio of the primary chamber 17 and the pressure chamber 20 and supplied to the second pressure accumulator 11. The check valve 15 prevents the backflow of compressed fuel from the second pressure accumulator 11. If the primary chamber 17 is connected to a leakage line 21 with the aid of the valve unit 13, the pressure medium 14 ′ is reset and the pressure chamber 20 is refilled, via the check valve 16 is connected to the pressure line 7. Due to the pressure conditions in the primary chamber 17 and in the pressure chamber 20, the check valve 16 opens, so that the pressure chamber 20 is under the first fuel pressure (rail pressure of the first pressure accumulator 6) and the pressure medium 14 'is hydraulically returned to its starting position. To improve the resetting behavior, one or more springs can be arranged in rooms 17, 18 and 20. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the valve unit 13 is only shown as an example as a 3/2-way valve.

Eine Kraftstoffzumessung mit entweder dem tieferen oder dem höheren Kraftstoffdruck erfolgt für jeden Zylinder bzw. Injektor 9 getrennt und zwar jeweils über eine lokale Ventilanordnung 22, die im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel durch ein 3/2-Wege-Ventil 23 für den tieferen Kraftstoffdruck und ein 2/2-Wege-Ventil 24 für den höheren Kraftstoffdruck gebildet ist. Der jeweils anstehende Druck wird dann über eine Druckleitung 25 in einen Düsenraum 26 des Injektors 9 geleitet. Die Einspritzung erfolgt druckgesteuert mit Hilfe eines in einer Führungsbohrung axial verschiebbaren kolbenförmigen Ventilglieds 27 (Düsennadel), dessen konische Ventildichtfläche 28 mit einer Ventilsitzfläche am Injektorgehäuse 29 zusammenwirkt und so die dort vorgesehenen Einspritzöffnungen 30 verschließt. Innerhalb des Düsenraums 26 ist eine in Öffnungsrichtung des Ventilglieds 27 weisende Druckfläche des Ventilgliedes 27 dem dort herrschenden Druck ausgesetzt, wobei sich der Düsenraum 26 über einen Ringspalt zwischen dem Ventilglied 27 und der Führungsbohrung bis an die Ventildichtfläche 28 des Injektors 9 fortsetzt. Durch den im Düsenraum 26 herrschenden Druck wird das die Einspritzöffnungen 29 abdichtende Ventilglied 27 gegen die Wirkung einer Schließkraft (Schließfeder 31) aufgesteuert, wobei der Federraum 32 mittels einer Leckageleitung 33 druckentlastet ist. Die Einspritzung mit dem tieferen Kraftstoffdruck erfolgt bei unbestromtem 2/2-Wege-Ventil 24 durch Bestromen des 3/2-Wege-Ventils 23. Die Einspritzung mit dem höheren Kraftstoffdruck erfolgt bei bestromtem 3/2-Wege-Ventil 23 durch Bestromen des 2/2-Wegventils 24, wobei ein Rückschlagventil 36 einen ungewollten Rücklauf in die Druckleitung 7 verhindert. Am Ende der Einspritzung wird bei unbestromtem 2/2-Wege-Ventil 24 das 3/2-Wege-Ventil 23 auf Leckage 34 geschaltet. Dadurch werden die Druckleitung 25 und der Düsenraum 26 druckentlastet, so daß das federbelastete Ventilglied 27 die Einspritzöffnungen 30 wieder verschließt. A fuel metering with either the lower or the higher fuel pressure is carried out separately for each cylinder or injector 9, in each case via a local valve arrangement 22 , which in the exemplary embodiment shown is a 3/2-way valve 23 for the lower fuel pressure and a 2 / 2-way valve 24 is formed for the higher fuel pressure. The prevailing pressure is then passed via a pressure line 25 into a nozzle chamber 26 of the injector 9. The injection is pressure-controlled with the aid of a piston-shaped valve member 27 (nozzle needle) which is axially displaceable in a guide bore and whose conical valve sealing surface 28 interacts with a valve seat surface on the injector housing 29 and thus closes the injection openings 30 provided there. Within the nozzle chamber 26, a pressure surface of the valve member 27 pointing in the opening direction of the valve member 27 is exposed to the pressure prevailing there, the nozzle chamber 26 continuing through an annular gap between the valve member 27 and the guide bore up to the valve sealing surface 28 of the injector 9. Due to the pressure prevailing in the nozzle chamber 26, the valve member 27 sealing the injection openings 29 is opened against the action of a closing force (closing spring 31 ), the spring chamber 32 being relieved of pressure by means of a leakage line 33 . The injection with the lower fuel pressure takes place when the 2/2-way valve 24 is not energized by energizing the 3/2-way valve 23. The injection with the higher fuel pressure takes place when the 3/2-way valve 23 is energized by energizing the 2nd / 2-way valve 24, wherein a check valve 36 prevents unwanted return into the pressure line 7. At the end of the injection, the 3/2-way valve 23 is switched to leakage 34 when the 2/2-way valve 24 is not energized. As a result, the pressure line 25 and the nozzle chamber 26 are relieved of pressure, so that the spring-loaded valve member 27 closes the injection openings 30 again.

Die lokale Ventilanordnung 22 kann innerhalb des Injektorgehäuses 29 (Fig. 1a) oder auch, wie in Fig. 1b gezeigt, außerhalb des Injektorgehäuses, z.B. im Bereich der Druckspeicher 6, 11 angeordnet sein. So läßt sich eine kleinere Baugröße des Injektorgehäuses und durch Ausnutzung von Wellenreflexionen in der nun längeren Druckleitung 25 ein erhöhter Einspritzdruck erreichen.
Nachfolgend werden in der Beschreibung zu den weiteren Figuren lediglich die Unterschiede zum Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem nach Fig. 1 behandelt. Identische bzw. funktionsgleiche Bauteile sind mit gleichen Bezugsziffern bezeichnet und werden nicht näher erläutert.
The local valve arrangement 22 can be arranged inside the injector housing 29 (FIG. 1a) or, as shown in FIG. 1b, outside the injector housing, for example in the region of the pressure accumulators 6, 11. A smaller size of the injector housing and an increased injection pressure can be achieved by utilizing wave reflections in the now longer pressure line 25.
In the following, only the differences from the fuel injection system according to FIG. 1 are dealt with in the description of the other figures. Identical or functionally identical components are identified by the same reference numerals and are not explained in more detail.

Fig. 2 zeigt eine andere lokale Ventilanordnung 22a, die entweder innerhalb des Injektorgehäuses (Fig. 2a) oder außerhalb des Injektorgehäuses (Fig. 2b) angeordnet sein kann. Diese lokale Ventilanordnung 22a umfaßt ein 2/2-Wege-Ventil 35 als Schaltelement für den höheren Kraftstoffdruck, ein Rückschlagventil 36 in der Druckleitung 7 und zum Schalten des jeweils anstehenden Druckes ein 3/2-Wege-Ventil 37 in der Druckleitung 25. Eine Einspritzung mit dem tieferen Kraftstoffdruck erfolgt bei unbestromtem 2/2-Wege-Ventil 35 durch Bestromen des 3/2-Wegventils 37. Durch Bestromen auch des 2/2-Wege-Ventil 35 kann auf eine Einspritzung mit dem höheren Kraftstoffdruck umgeschaltet werden, wobei das Rückschlagventil 36 einen ungewollten Rücklauf in die Druckleitung 7 verhindert. Am Ende der Einspritzung wird das 3/2-Wege-Ventil 37 auf Leckage 34 zurückgeschaltet. FIG. 2 shows another local valve arrangement 22a , which can either be arranged inside the injector housing (FIG. 2a) or outside the injector housing (FIG. 2b). This local valve arrangement 22a comprises a 2/2-way valve 35 as a switching element for the higher fuel pressure, a check valve 36 in the pressure line 7 and a 3/2-way valve 37 in the pressure line 25 for switching the respective pressure Injection with the lower fuel pressure takes place when the 2/2-way valve 35 is deenergized by energizing the 3/2-way valve 37. By energizing the 2/2-way valve 35, it is possible to switch to an injection with the higher fuel pressure, whereby the check valve 36 prevents unwanted return into the pressure line 7. At the end of the injection, the 3/2-way valve 37 is switched back to leakage 34.

In Fig. 3 wird der Kraftstoff aus dem zweiten Druckspeicher 11, gesteuert über eine zentrale Ventileinheit 38 (z.B. ein 3/2-Wegventil), zentral über eine Verteilereinrichtung 39 auf die einzelnen druckgesteuerten Injektoren verteilt. Die Einspritzung mit dem tieferen Kraftstoffdruck erfolgt bei stromloser Ventileinheit 38 durch Bestromen des allein die lokale Ventilanordnung 22b bildenden 3/2-Wege-Ventils 37. Die Einspritzung mit dem höheren Kraftstoffdruck erfolgt bei unbestromter Ventileinheit 37 und bestromter zentraler Ventileinheit 38 über die Verteilereinrichtung 39. Am Ende dieser Einspritzung wird die zentrale Ventileinheit 38 auf Leckage 40 zurückgeschaltet und damit die Verteilereinrichtung 39 und der Injektor entlastet. Die lokale Ventileinheit 22b kann entweder Teil des Injektorgehäuses sein (Fig. 3a) oder außerhalb des Injektorgehäuses angeordnet sein (Fig. 3b) sein.In FIG. 3 , the fuel from the second pressure accumulator 11, controlled by a central valve unit 38 (for example a 3/2-way valve), is distributed centrally to the individual pressure-controlled injectors via a distributor device 39 . The injection with the lower fuel pressure takes place when the valve unit 38 is de-energized by energizing the 3/2-way valve 37 which alone forms the local valve arrangement 22b . The injection with the higher fuel pressure takes place when the valve unit 37 is de-energized and the central valve unit 38 is energized via the distributor device 39. At the end of this injection, the central valve unit 38 is switched back to leakage 40 and the distributor device 39 and the injector are thus relieved. The local valve unit 22b can either be part of the injector housing (FIG. 3a) or be arranged outside the injector housing (FIG. 3b).

In Fig. 4 ist gezeigt, daß anders als in Fig. 3 auch der tiefere Kraftstoffdruck mittels der Verteilereinrichtung 39 zentral zugemessen werden kann. Die Kraftstoffzumessung mit entweder dem tieferen oder dem höheren Kraftstoffdruck erfolgt hier mittels einer zentral angeordneten Ventilanordnung 41, die entweder die vom ersten Druckspeicher 6 abführende Druckleitung 42 oder die vom zweiten Druckspeicher 11 abführende Druckleitung 43 zu der zentralen Verteilereinrichtung 39 durchschaltet. Die zentrale Ventilanordnung 41 ist analog der lokalen Ventilanordnung 22a (Fig. 2) aufgebaut. FIG. 4 shows that, unlike in FIG. 3, the lower fuel pressure can also be metered centrally by means of the distributor device 39. The fuel metering with either the lower or the higher fuel pressure takes place here by means of a centrally arranged valve arrangement 41, which switches through either the pressure line 42 leading away from the first pressure accumulator 6 or the pressure line 43 leading away from the second pressure accumulator 11 to the central distributor device 39. The central valve arrangement 41 is constructed analogously to the local valve arrangement 22a (FIG. 2).

Anders als beim druckgesteuerten Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem 1 der Fig. 1 erfolgt die Einspritzung bei dem in Fig. 5 gezeigten Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem 50 hubgesteuert mittels hubgesteuerter Injektoren 51, von denen lediglich einer näher dargestellt ist. Ausgehend von dem druckgesteuerten Injektor 9 der Fig. 1 greift bei einem hubgesteuerten Injektor 51 an dem Ventilglied 27 koaxial zu der Ventilfeder 31 ein Druckstück 52 an, das mit seiner der Ventildichtfläche 28 abgewandten Stirnseite 53 einen Steuerraum 54 begrenzt. Der Steuerraum 54 hat von der Druckleitung 25 her einen Kraftstoffzulauf mit einer ersten Drossel 55 und einen Kraftstoffablauf zu einer Druckentlastungsleitung 56 mit einer zweiten Drossel 57, die durch ein 2/2-Wege-Ventil 58 auf Leckage 59 steuerbar ist. Über den Druck im Steuerraum 54 wird das Druckstück 52 in Schließrichtung druckbeaufschlagt. Unter dem ersten oder zweiten Kraftstoffdruck stehender Kraftstoff füllt ständig den Düsenraum 26 und den Steuerraum 54. Bei Betätigung (Öffnen) des 2/2-Wege-Ventils 58 kann der Druck im Steuerraum 54 abgebaut werden, so daß in der Folge die in Öffnungsrichtung auf das Ventilglied 27 wirkende Druckkraft im Düsenraum 26 die in Schließrichtung auf das Ventilglied 27 wirkende Druckkraft übersteigt. Die Ventildichtfläche 28 hebt von der Ventilsitzfläche ab, und Kraftstoff wird eingespritzt. Dabei läßt sich der Druckentlastungsvorgang des Steuerraums 54 und somit die Hubsteuerung des Ventilglieds 27 über die Dimensionierung der beiden Drosseln 55 und 57 beeinflussen. Das Ende der Einspritzung wird durch erneutes Betätigen (Schließen) des 2/2-Wege-Ventils 58 eingeleitet, das den Steuerraum 54 wieder von der Leckageleitung 59 abkoppelt, so daß sich im Steuerraum 54 erneut ein Druck aufbaut, der das Druckstück 52 in Schließrichtung bewegen kann. Die Umschaltung des Kraftstoffs auf entweder den tieferen oder den höheren Kraftstoffdruck erfolgt für jeden Injektor 51 lokal mittels einer Ventilanordnung 60, die aus einem 2/2-Wege-Ventil 24 und einem einen ungewollten Rücklauf in die Druckleitung 7 verhindernden Rückschlagventil 62 gebildet ist. Die Ventilanordnung kann entweder innerhalb des Injektorgehäuses 61 (Fig. 5a) oder außerhalb (Fig. 5b) angeordnet sein kann. Zum Zumessen des Kraftstoffs wird für beide Drücke das 2/2-Wege-Ventil 58 verwendet.In contrast to the pressure-controlled fuel injection system 1 in FIG. 1, the injection in the fuel injection system 50 shown in FIG. 5 is stroke-controlled by means of stroke-controlled injectors 51, only one of which is shown in more detail. Starting from the pressure-controlled injector 9 of FIG. 1 engages with a stroke-controlled injector 51 on the valve member 27 is coaxial with the valve spring 31, a pressure piece 52, the end face 53 remote from its valve sealing surface 28 delimits a control space 54. From the pressure line 25, the control chamber 54 has a fuel inlet with a first throttle 55 and a fuel outlet to a pressure relief line 56 with a second throttle 57 , which can be controlled for leakage 59 by a 2/2-way valve 58 . The pressure piece 52 is pressurized in the closing direction by the pressure in the control chamber 54. Fuel under the first or second fuel pressure constantly fills the nozzle chamber 26 and the control chamber 54. When the 2/2-way valve 58 is actuated (opened), the pressure in the control chamber 54 can be reduced, so that the opening direction is subsequently increased the valve member 27 pressure force in the nozzle chamber 26 exceeds the pressure force acting on the valve member 27 in the closing direction. The valve sealing surface 28 lifts off the valve seat surface and fuel is injected. The pressure relief process of the control chamber 54 and thus the stroke control of the valve member 27 can be influenced by the dimensioning of the two throttles 55 and 57. The end of the injection is initiated by renewed actuation (closing) of the 2/2-way valve 58, which decouples the control chamber 54 from the leakage line 59 again, so that a pressure builds up again in the control chamber 54, which presses the pressure piece 52 in the closing direction can move. The switching of the fuel to either the lower or the higher fuel pressure takes place locally for each injector 51 by means of a valve arrangement 60, which is formed from a 2/2-way valve 24 and a check valve 62 preventing an undesired return into the pressure line 7. The valve arrangement can either be arranged inside the injector housing 61 (FIG. 5a) or outside (FIG. 5b). The 2/2-way valve 58 is used for metering the fuel for both pressures.

In Fig. 6 ist gezeigt, daß anders als in Fig. 5 der höhere Kraftstoffdruck wie in Fig. 3a auch zentral über die Verteilereinrichtung 39 zugemessen werden kann. Bei nicht bestromter zentraler Ventileinheit 38 werden Düsenraum 26 und Steuerraum 54 mit Kraftstoff aus dem ersten Druckspeicher 6 gefüllt, so daß die Kraftstoffeinspritzung mit dem tieferen Kraftstoffdruck erfolgt. Bei bestromter zentraler Ventileinheit 38 wird wegen des Rückschlagventils 63 nur der Düsenraum 26 mit dem zweiten Druckspeicher 11 verbunden, so daß die Kraftstoffeinspritzung mit dem höheren Kraftstoffdruck erfolgt. Zur Einspritzung mit dem tieferen Kraftstoffdruck wird das 2/2-Wegeventil 58 geöffnet. Durch Zuschalten des 3/2-Wegeventils 38 wird der Kraftstoff unter Hochdruck zugemessen, wobei das Öffnen bei dem tieferen Kraftstoffdruck hubgesteuert und bei dem höheren Kraftstoffdruck druckgesteuert erfolgt. FIG. 6 shows that, unlike in FIG. 5, the higher fuel pressure, as in FIG. 3a, can also be metered centrally via the distributor device 39. When the central valve unit 38 is not energized, the nozzle chamber 26 and control chamber 54 are filled with fuel from the first pressure accumulator 6, so that the fuel is injected at the lower fuel pressure. When the central valve unit 38 is energized, only the nozzle chamber 26 is connected to the second pressure accumulator 11 because of the check valve 63 , so that the fuel injection takes place with the higher fuel pressure. The 2/2-way valve 58 is opened for injection with the lower fuel pressure. By switching on the 3/2-way valve 38, the fuel is metered in under high pressure, the opening being stroke-controlled at the lower fuel pressure and pressure-controlled at the higher fuel pressure.

Fig. 7 zeigt ein druckgesteuertes Einspritzsystem 70, bei dem anders als in Fig. 2 der im ersten Druckspeicher 6 gelagerte Kraftstoff nicht für eine Einspritzung abgeführt wird. Der Kraftstoff aus dem zweiten Druckspeicher 11 wird über die Druckleitung 12 jedem einzelnen Injektor 9 als höherer Kraftstoffdruck zugeführt, der bei Bedarf mittels einer lokalen Absteuereinheit 71 auf den tieferen Kraftstoffdruck abgesenkt werden kann. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel umfaßt die Absteuereinheit 71 ein 3/2-Wegeventil 72, um den höheren Kraftstoffdruck entweder durchzuschalten oder dissipativ mittels einer Drossel 73 und eines auf den tieferen Kraftstoffdruck eingestellten und mit einer Leckageleitung 74 verbundenen Druckbegrenzungsventils 75 abzusteuern. Der jeweils anstehende Druck wird dann wie in Fig. 2 über das 3/2-Wegeventil 37 zum Injektor 9 weitergeleitet, wobei ein Rückschlagventil 76 ein Abströmen des höheren Kraftstoffdruckes über das Rückschlagventil 75 verhindert. FIG. 7 shows a pressure-controlled injection system 70, in which, unlike in FIG. 2, the fuel stored in the first pressure accumulator 6 is not discharged for an injection. The fuel from the second pressure accumulator 11 is supplied via the pressure line 12 to each individual injector 9 as a higher fuel pressure, which can be reduced to the lower fuel pressure by means of a local control unit 71 if required. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the control unit 71 comprises a 3/2-way valve 72 in order to either switch through the higher fuel pressure or to control it dissipatively by means of a throttle 73 and a pressure limiting valve 75 set to the lower fuel pressure and connected to a leakage line 74 . The respective pressure present is then passed on to the injector 9 via the 3/2-way valve 37, as in FIG. 2, a check valve 76 preventing the higher fuel pressure from flowing out via the check valve 75.

Fig. 8 zeigt ein der Fig. 7 entsprechendes, allerdings hubgesteuertes Einspritzsystem 80, bei dem der Kraftstoff aus dem zweiten Druckspeicher 11 über die lokale Absteuereinheit 71 auf den tieferen Kraftstoffdruck abgesenkt werden kann. Die Einspritzung erfolgt über die hubgesteuerten Injektoren 51. FIG. 8 shows an injection system 80 corresponding to FIG. 7, but stroke-controlled , in which the fuel from the second pressure accumulator 11 can be reduced to the lower fuel pressure via the local control unit 71. The injection takes place via the stroke-controlled injectors 51.

Bei dem druckgesteuerten Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem 90 der Fig. 9 wird anders als beim Einspritzsystem 70 (Fig. 7) der im zweiten Druckspeicher 11 gelagerte Kraftstoffdruck als tieferer Kraftstoffdruck genutzt. Aus diesem kann dann bei Bedarf auch ein höherer Kraftstoffdruck mittels eines lokalen Druckübersetzers 91 erzeugt werden, der in einer Bypaßleitung 92 der Druckleitung 12 angeordnet ist. Mittels einer Ventileinheit 93 (3/2-Wegeventil) in der Bypaßleitung 92 kann der lokale Druckübersetzer 91, der analog dem zentralen Druckübersetzer 14 aufgebaut ist, zugeschaltet werden. Die Druckkammer 94 des lokalen Druckübersetzers 91 wird mit Kraftstoff aus dem zweiten Druckspeicher 11 befüllt, wobei ein Rückschlagventil 95 den Rücklauf von komprimiertem Kraftstoff zurück in den zweiten Druckspeicher 11 verhindert. Der Druckübersetzer 91, die Ventileinheit 93 und das Rückschlagventil 95 bilden die lokale Druckübersetzungseinheit 96, die sich im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel innerhalb des Injektorgehäuses befindet. Die Kraftstoffzumessung mit dem jeweils anstehenden Kraftstoffdruck erfolgt über das 3/2-Wege-Ventil 37 mittels druckgesteuerter Injektoren 9. Wie Fig. 9b zeigt, kann die Druckkammer 20 der zentralen Druckübersetzungseinheit 10 anstatt wie in Fig. 9a mit Kraftstoff aus dem ersten Druckspeichers 6 auch mit Kraftstoff 3' befüllt werden, den eine mengengeregelte Kraftstoffpumpe 2' über eine Förderleitung 5' aus einem weiteren Vorratstank 4' in die Druckkammer 20 fördert. Da die Hochdruckseite und die Niederdruckseite der zentralen Druckübersetzungseinheit voneinander hydraulisch entkoppelt sind, können für beide Seiten auch unterschiedliche Betriebsstoffe, z.B. Öl für die Niederdruckseite und Kraftstoff für die Hochdruckseite, verwendet werden.In the pressure-controlled fuel injection system 90 of FIG. 9 , unlike the injection system 70 (FIG. 7), the fuel pressure stored in the second pressure accumulator 11 is used as the lower fuel pressure. If necessary, a higher fuel pressure can then be generated from this by means of a local pressure booster 91 , which is arranged in a bypass line 92 of the pressure line 12. The local pressure booster 91, which is constructed analogously to the central pressure booster 14, can be switched on by means of a valve unit 93 (3/2-way valve) in the bypass line 92. The pressure chamber 94 of the local pressure booster 91 is filled with fuel from the second pressure accumulator 11, a check valve 95 preventing the return of compressed fuel back into the second pressure accumulator 11. The pressure booster 91, the valve unit 93 and the check valve 95 form the local pressure booster unit 96 , which is located within the injector housing in the exemplary embodiment shown. The fuel is metered with the prevailing fuel pressure via the 3/2-way valve 37 by means of pressure-controlled injectors 9. As FIG. 9b shows, the pressure chamber 20 of the central pressure transmission unit 10 can be supplied with fuel from the first pressure accumulator 6 instead of as in FIG. 9a can also be filled with fuel 3 ' , which a quantity-controlled fuel pump 2' conveys from a further storage tank 4 ' into the pressure chamber 20 via a delivery line 5' . Since the high pressure side and the low pressure side of the central pressure translation unit are hydraulically decoupled from one another, different operating materials, for example oil for the low pressure side and fuel for the high pressure side, can also be used for both sides.

Das Einspritzsystem 100 der Fig. 10 mit seiner lokalen Druckübersetzungseinheit 96 entspricht dem Einspritzsystem 90 (Fig. 9), allerdings mit hubgesteuerten Injektoren 51. Die Befüllung der zentralen Druckübersetzungseinheit 10 erfolgt entweder mit dem Kraftstoff aus dem ersten Druckspeicher 6 (Fig. 10a) oder mit dem Kraftstoff 3' aus dem weiteren Vorratstank 4' (Fig. 10b).The injection system 100 of FIG. 10 with its local pressure translation unit 96 corresponds to the injection system 90 (FIG. 9), but with stroke-controlled injectors 51. The central pressure translation unit 10 is filled either with the fuel from the first pressure accumulator 6 (FIG. 10a) or with the fuel 3 'from the further storage tank 4' (Fig. 10b).

Das hubgesteuerte Einspritzsystem 110 der Fig. 11 entspricht dem Einspritzsystem 80 (Fig. 8), allerdings mit einer anders aufgebauten lokalen Absteuereinheit 111. Deren Druckleitung 112 kann mittels eines 3/2-Ventils 113 entweder direkt an den zweiten Druckspeicher 11 angeschlossen oder mit einer ein Druckbegrenzungsventil 114 enthaltenden Leckageleitung 115 verbunden werden. Der Anschluß an den zweiten Druckspeicher 11 dient der Haupteinspritzung und der gleichzeitigen Befüllung eines Akkumulatorraumes 116. Während dieses Anschlusses kann unter höherem Kraftstoffdruck stehender Kraftstoff den Steuerraum 54 und den Düsenraum 26 füllen. Während der Vor- und Nacheinspritzung ist die Druckleitung 112 mit der Leckageleitung 115 durchgängig verbunden. Das Druckbegrenzungsventil 114 öffnet oberhalb eines Druckes von z.B. 300 bar, so daß der aus dem Akkumulatorraum 116 ausströmende Kraftstoff auf diesen tieferen Kraftstoffdruck abgesenkt wird. Start und Ende der Haupteinspritzung sowie der Vor- und Nacheinspritzung können mittels des 2/2-Wege-Ventils 58 gesteuert werden.The stroke-controlled injection system 110 of FIG. 11 corresponds to the injection system 80 (FIG. 8), but with a differently designed local control unit 111. Its pressure line 112 can either be connected directly to the second pressure accumulator 11 or by means of a 3/2-way valve 113 a leakage line 115 containing a pressure relief valve 114 can be connected. The connection to the second pressure accumulator 11 is used for the main injection and the simultaneous filling of an accumulator space 116. During this connection, fuel under higher fuel pressure can fill the control space 54 and the nozzle space 26. The pressure line 112 is continuously connected to the leakage line 115 during the pre-injection and post-injection. The pressure relief valve 114 opens above a pressure of, for example, 300 bar, so that the fuel flowing out of the accumulator space 116 is reduced to this lower fuel pressure. The start and end of the main injection and the pre-injection and post-injection can be controlled by means of the 2/2-way valve 58.

Bei dem in Fig. 12a gezeigten druckgesteuerten Einspritzsystem 120 ohne zweiten Druckspeicher verteilt die zentrale Verteilereinrichtung 39 den mittels der zentralen Druckübersetzungseinheit 10 erzeugten höheren Kraftstoffdruck auf die einzelnen Injektoren 9. Über die bereits oben beschriebene lokale Absteuereinheit 71 kann der höhere Kraftstoffdruck für eine Einspritzung dann entweder durchgeschaltet oder dissipativ auf einen tieferen Kraftstoffdruck abgesenkt werden. Hinter der Verteilereinrichtung 39 ist für jeden Injektor 9 noch eine Rückschlagventilanordnung 122 vorgesehen, die den Kraftstoff in Richtung Injektor 9 über ein erstes Rückschlagventil 123 durchläßt und den Rückfluß von Kraftstoff aus dem Injektor 9 mittels einer Drossel 124 und eines zweiten Rückschlagventils 125 zur Entlastung der Verteilereinrichtung 39 und zum Druckabbau zuläßt.In the pressure-controlled injection system 120 shown in FIG. 12a without a second pressure accumulator, the central distributor device 39 distributes the higher fuel pressure generated by the central pressure translation unit 10 to the individual injectors 9. The local fuel control unit 71 already described above can then either use the higher fuel pressure for an injection switched through or reduced to a lower fuel pressure in a dissipative manner. Behind the distributor device 39, a check valve arrangement 122 is provided for each injector 9, which allows the fuel in the direction of the injector 9 through a first check valve 123 and the return flow of fuel from the injector 9 by means of a throttle 124 and a second check valve 125 to relieve the distributor device 39 and allows for pressure reduction.

Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 12b läßt sich über ein 2/2-Wege-Ventil 126 entweder der höhere Kraftstoffdruck durchschalten oder ein tieferer Kraftstoffdruck über eine Drossel 127 erzeugen, wobei ein Rückschlagventil 128 einen Rückfluß über die Drossel 127 verhindert. Die Teile 126, 127 und 128 bilden die insgesamt mit 129 bezeichnete lokale Druckbegrenzungs- bzw. Drosseleinheit. Anders als in Fig. 1 gezeigt, ist hier die zentrale Druckübersetzungseinheit 10' ohne Rückschlagventil 15 ausgebildet.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 12 b, either the higher fuel pressure can be switched through or a lower fuel pressure can be generated via a throttle 127 via a 2/2-way valve 126 , a check valve 128 preventing a backflow via the throttle 127. The parts 126, 127 and 128 form the local pressure limiting or throttling unit, designated overall by 129 . Unlike shown in FIG. 1, the central pressure transmission unit 10 ′ is designed here without a check valve 15.

Anders als das Einspritzsystem 120 kommt das druckgesteuerte Einspritzsystem 130 der Fig. 13 vollständig ohne lokale Steuerung aus, da die zentrale Druckübersetzungseinheit 131 mit ihrem Druckübersetzer 132 außer zur Erzeugung des höheren Kraftstoffdruckes auch für eine Drosselung auf den tieferen Kraftstoffdruck genutzt wird. Dazu ist die Druckkammer 20 über ein auf den tieferen Kraftstoffdruck eingestelltes Druckbegrenzungsventil 133 an eine Leckageleitung 134 angeschlossen, wodurch der Einspritzdruck zunächst auf den tieferen Kraftstoffdruck, z.B. 300 bar, begrenzt ist. Die Verbindung von Druckkammer 20 und Druckbegrenzungsventil 133 wird allerdings bereits nach einer geringen Bewegung des Druckmittels 14' (Druckverstärkerkolben) von diesem verschlossen. Damit steht für den anschließenden Einspritzvorgang der höhere Kraftstoffdruck zur Verfügung. Zur Wiederbefüllung der Druckkammer 20 sind geeignete Rückschlagventile anzuordnen, wobei eine auf das Druckmittel 14' wirkende Federkraft die Befüllung begünstigt. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Druckkammer 20 über ein im Druckmittel 14' angeordnetes Rückschlagventil 135 mit der Primärkammer 17 verbunden. Während dabei in Fig. 13a die Einspritzmenge, die mit dem tieferen Kraftstoffdruck eingespritzt wird, konstruktiv vorgegeben ist, kann diese Einspritzmenge, d.h. das Druckniveau der Voreinspritzung und der Verlauf der Haupteinspritzung (Bootinjektion), durch eine zentrale Absteuereinheit 136 (2/2-Wege-Ventil) vor dem Druckbegrenzungsventil 133 gesteuert werden (Fig. 13b). In einer anderen Variante (Fig. 13c) ist die Druckkammer 20 über die Leitung 137 auch direkt mit dem Druckspeicher 6 verbindbar, so daß dessen Kraftstoff für eine Einspritzung mit dem tieferen Kraftstoffdruck zu den druckgesteuerten Injektoren 9 weitergeleitet wird. Dadurch lassen sich die abströmenden Leckagemengen reduzieren. Im Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 13d ist der Druckspeicher 6 der Fig. 13a ausgelassen und erfolgt der Druckaufbau durch Bestromen eines 2/2-Wege-Ventils 138. Die Hochdruckpumpe 5 kann einen Kraftstoffdruck von ca. 300 bis ca. 1000 bar erzeugen und z.B. eine Nockenpumpe sein. Hochdruckpumpe 5 und 2/2-Wegeventil 138 bilden die Druckeinheit 139. Wie in Fig. 13e gezeigt, läßt sich die Einspritzung - wie in Fig. 13b - durch die Absteuereinheit 136 zusätzlich steuern.In contrast to the injection system 120, the pressure-controlled injection system 130 of FIG. 13 manages completely without local control, since the central pressure translation unit 131 with its pressure converter 132 is used not only to generate the higher fuel pressure, but also to throttle the lower fuel pressure. For this purpose, the pressure chamber 20 is connected to a leakage line 134 via a pressure relief valve 133 set to the lower fuel pressure, whereby the injection pressure is initially limited to the lower fuel pressure, for example 300 bar. However, the connection between pressure chamber 20 and pressure limiting valve 133 is closed by the pressure medium 14 ' (pressure booster piston) after only a slight movement. This means that the higher fuel pressure is available for the subsequent injection process. Suitable non-return valves are to be arranged for refilling the pressure chamber 20, with a spring force acting on the pressure medium 14 ′ promoting the filling. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the pressure chamber 20 is connected to the primary chamber 17 via a check valve 135 arranged in the pressure medium 14 ′. While in Fig. 13a the injection quantity that is injected with the lower fuel pressure is predetermined, this injection quantity, i.e. the pressure level of the pre-injection and the course of the main injection (boat injection), can be performed by a central control unit 136 (2/2-way -Valve) can be controlled before the pressure relief valve 133 (Fig. 13b). In another variant (FIG. 13 c), the pressure chamber 20 can also be connected directly to the pressure accumulator 6 via the line 137 , so that its fuel is passed on to the pressure-controlled injectors 9 for injection at the lower fuel pressure. This allows the leakage quantities to be reduced. In the exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 13d, the pressure accumulator 6 of FIG. 13a is omitted and the pressure is built up by energizing a 2/2-way valve 138 . The high pressure pump 5 can generate a fuel pressure of approximately 300 to approximately 1000 bar and can be, for example, a cam pump. High-pressure pump 5 and 2/2-way valve 138 form the pressure unit 139 . As shown in FIG. 13e, the injection - as in FIG. 13b - can also be controlled by the control unit 136.

Das in Fig. 14 dargestellte druckgesteuerte Einspritzsystem 140, das ansonsten dem Einspritzsystem der Fig. 13c entspricht, umfaßt in seiner Druckübersetzungseinheit 141 eine piezoelektrische Ventileinheit 142, deren Ventilquerschnitt mittels eines Piezostellelements (Aktuator, Aktor) gesteuert wird, oder ein schnell schaltendes Magnetventil. Die Piezostellelemente, die einen notwendigen Temperaturausgleich und evtl. eine erforderliche Kraft- bzw. Wegübersetzung besitzen, dienen der Querschnittssteuerung und damit der Formung des Einspritzverlaufs. Es wird eine vollkommen unabhängige Voreinspritzung sowohl in der Zeit und in der Einspritzmenge als auch im Einspritzdruck möglich. Die Haupteinspritzung kann voll flexibel an jeden benötigten Einspritzverlauf angepaßt werden und ermöglicht zusätzlich eine Splitinjektion bzw. eine Nacheinspritzung, die nahezu beliebig nahe an die Haupteinspritzung angelagert werden kann. The pressure-controlled injection system 140 shown in FIG. 14 , which otherwise corresponds to the injection system of FIG. 13c, comprises in its pressure translation unit 141 a piezoelectric valve unit 142, the valve cross section of which is controlled by means of a piezo actuator (actuator, actuator), or a fast-switching solenoid valve. The piezo actuators, which have a necessary temperature compensation and possibly a required force or displacement ratio, are used to control the cross-section and thus to shape the injection process. A completely independent pre-injection becomes possible both in terms of time and in the injection quantity and in the injection pressure. The main injection can be flexibly adapted to any required injection process and additionally enables split injection or post-injection, which can be added almost anywhere close to the main injection.

Das auf dem Einspritzsystem der Fig. 12 basierende druckgesteuerte Einspritzsystem 150 der Fig. 15 verwendet jeweils die Druckeinheit 139 zur Erzeugung eines Druckes von ca. 200 bar bis ca. 1000 bar als Betriebsmittel für die zentrale Druckübersetzungseinheit 151, die allein durch den Druckübersetzer 132 (Fig. 13a) gebildet ist. Die Absenkung auf den tieferen Kraftstoffdruck erfolgt in Fig. 15a mittels der ein Druckbegrenzungsventil aufweisenden lokalen Absteuereinheit 71 (Fig. 7) und in Fig. 15b mittels der lokalen Druckbegrenzungs- bzw. Drosseleinheit 129 (Fig. 12b).The pressure-controlled injection system 150 of FIG. 15 , which is based on the injection system of FIG. 12, uses the pressure unit 139 to generate a pressure of approximately 200 bar to approximately 1000 bar as the operating medium for the central pressure translation unit 151, which is operated solely by the pressure converter 132 ( 13a) is formed. The lowering to the lower fuel pressure takes place in FIG. 15a by means of the local control unit 71 having a pressure relief valve (FIG. 7) and in FIG. 15b by means of the local pressure control or throttle unit 129 (FIG. 12b).

Das druckgesteuerte Einspritzsystem 160 der Fig. 16 unterscheidet sich von dem der Fig. 13d dadurch, daß der zentrale Druckübersetzer 132 durch eine parallele Bypaßleitung 161 umgangen werden kann und mittels einer Ventileinheit 162 (Fig. 16a) bzw. 162a (Fig. 16b) aktivierbar bzw. deaktivierbar ist. In Fig. 16a ist die Ventileinheit 162 vor dem Druckübersetzer 132 und als 3/2-Wege-Ventil ausgebildet, in Fig. 16b die Ventileinheit 162a hinter dem Druckübersetzer 132 und als 2/2-Wege-Ventil, das über ein Rückschlagventil 163 abgekoppelt ist. Die Teile 132, 161, 162 bzw. 132, 162a, 163 bilden die zentrale Druckübersetzungseinheit 164 bzw. 164a. The pressure-controlled injection system 160 of FIG. 16 differs from that of FIG. 13d in that the central pressure booster 132 can be bypassed by a parallel bypass line 161 and activated by means of a valve unit 162 (FIG. 16a) or 162a (FIG. 16b) or can be deactivated. In FIG. 16 a, the valve unit 162 is designed upstream of the pressure booster 132 and as a 3/2-way valve, in FIG. 16 b the valve unit 162 a is downstream of the pressure booster 132 and as a 2/2-way valve which is decoupled via a check valve 163 is. The parts 132, 161, 162 and 132, 162a, 163 form the central pressure transmission unit 164 and 164a.

Bei dem in Fig. 17 gezeigten druckgesteuerten Einspritzsystem 170 wird entweder der im zentralen Druckspeicher 6 gelagerte tiefere Kraftstoffdruck oder der über die zentrale Druckübersetzungseinheit 10' bei Bedarf erzeugte höhere Kraftstoffdruck zentral auf die einzelnen Injektoren 9 verteilt. Die Einspritzung des jeweiligen Kraftstoffdruckes wird über die zentrale Ventileinheit 171 (3/2-Wege-Ventil) gesteuert, die in ihrer Funktion der Ventileinheit 37 (Fig. 2a) entspricht.In the pressure-controlled injection system 170 shown in FIG. 17 , either the lower fuel pressure stored in the central pressure accumulator 6 or the higher fuel pressure generated via the central pressure translation unit 10 ′ is distributed centrally to the individual injectors 9. The injection of the respective fuel pressure is controlled via the central valve unit 171 (3/2-way valve), the function of which corresponds to that of the valve unit 37 (FIG. 2a).

Die in den Figuren gezeigten Ventileinheiten können jeweils von Elektromagneten zum Öffnen oder Schließen bzw. Umschalten betätigt werden. Die Elektromagnete werden von einem Steuergerät angesteuert, das verschiedene Betriebsparameter (Motordrehzahl, ....) der zu versorgenden Brennkraftmaschine überwachen und verarbeiten kann. Anstelle von magnetgesteuerten Ventileinheiten können auch Piezostellelemente (Aktuator, Aktor) verwendet werden, die einen notwendigen Temperaturausgleich und evtl. eine erforderliche Kraft- bzw. Wegübersetzung besitzen.The valve units shown in the figures can each of electromagnets for opening or closing or Toggle. The electromagnets are from controlled by a control unit that has various operating parameters (Engine speed, ....) of the internal combustion engine to be supplied can monitor and process. Instead of Piezo actuators can also be used for solenoid-controlled valve units (Actuator, actuator) can be used, the one necessary temperature compensation and possibly a necessary one Have power or path translation.

Bei einem Kraftstoffeinspritzsystem (1) für eine Brennkraftmaschine, bei dem der mittels einer Hochdruckpumpe (5) geförderte Kraftstoff mit mindestens zwei unterschiedlich hohen Kraftstoffdrücken über Injektoren (9) in den Brennraum (8) der Brennkraftmaschine eingespritzt werden kann, ist zwischen der Hochdruckpumpe (5) und den Injektoren (9) mindestens eine zentrale Druckübersetzungseinheit (10) für alle Injektoren (9) vorgesehen. Die Druckübersetzungseinheit ist bei Bedarf gezielt ansteuerbar, wodurch der unter dem höheren Druck stehende Kraftstoff besser mengenregelbar ist und sich entsprechend auch die Verluste durch Reibung reduzieren lassen.In a fuel injection system (1) for an internal combustion engine, where the by means of a high pressure pump (5) fuel delivered with at least two different high fuel pressures via injectors (9) in the Combustion chamber (8) of the internal combustion engine are injected can, is between the high pressure pump (5) and the injectors (9) at least one central pressure translation unit (10) for all injectors (9). The pressure translation unit can be controlled if necessary, which means the fuel under the higher pressure better quantity is adjustable and so are the losses reduced by friction.

Claims (13)

  1. Fuel injection system (1; 50; 70; 80; 90; 100; 110; 120; 130; 140; 150; 160; 170) for an internal combustion engine, in which the fuel conveyed by means of a high-pressure pump (5) can be injected into the combustion space (8) of the internal combustion engine at at least two different fuel pressures via injectors (9; 51), at least one pressure intensifier unit (10; 10'; 131; 141; 164; 164a) being present between the high-pressure pump (5) and the injectors (9; 51), characterized in that the pressure intensifier unit is provided centrally for all the injectors.
  2. Fuel injection system according to Claim 1, characterized in that each central pressure intensifier unit (10; 10'; 131; 141; 164; 164a) is assigned at least one non-return valve (15, 16; 135; 163) which allows a refilling of the pressure intensifier unit (10; 10'; 131; 141; 164; 164a) and/or decouples a higher fuel pressure from a lower fuel pressure.
  3. Fuel injection system according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the central pressure intensifier unit (10; 10'; 131; 141; 164; 164a) is followed by a central distributor device (39) which distributes the fuel to the individual injectors (9; 51).
  4. Fuel injection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central pressure intensifier unit (10; 10'; 131; 141) is preceded by a pressure accumulator (6).
  5. Fuel injection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central pressure intensifier unit (10) is followed by a pressure accumulator (11).
  6. Fuel injection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each injector (9; 51) is assigned a central valve unit (22; 22a; 22b) or a local valve unit (41; 72; 93; 113; 126), by means of which a changeover can be made between the two fuel pressures.
  7. Fuel injection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each injector (9; 51) is assigned at least one local pressure intensifier unit (96) for generating the higher fuel pressure from the lower fuel pressure.
  8. Fuel injection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the central pressure intensifier unit (164a) and/or the local pressure intensifier unit (96) has a pressure intensifier (132; 91) which is capable of being cut in and cut out and which is arranged parallel to a bypass line (161; 92).
  9. Fuel injection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a central spill unit (136) and/or a local spill unit (71; 111) is provided for generating the lower fuel pressure from the higher fuel pressure.
  10. Fuel injection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cross section of a valve unit (142) can be controlled in order to generate the lower fuel pressure.
  11. Fuel injection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the injectors (9) are designed for pressure control.
  12. Fuel injection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the injectors (51) are designed for stroke control
  13. Fuel injection system according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the high-pressure side and the low-pressure side of the central pressure intensifier unit (10) are decoupled hydraulically from one another.
EP00958196A 1999-08-20 2000-08-02 Fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine with a pressure amplifier Expired - Lifetime EP1125046B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19939422 1999-08-20
DE19939422A DE19939422A1 (en) 1999-08-20 1999-08-20 Fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine
PCT/DE2000/002551 WO2001014711A1 (en) 1999-08-20 2000-08-02 Fuel injection system for an internal combustion engine

Publications (2)

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EP1125046A1 EP1125046A1 (en) 2001-08-22
EP1125046B1 true EP1125046B1 (en) 2004-11-03

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US (1) US6619263B1 (en)
EP (1) EP1125046B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2003507637A (en)
DE (2) DE19939422A1 (en)
WO (1) WO2001014711A1 (en)

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DE50008497D1 (en) 2004-12-09
DE19939422A1 (en) 2001-03-01
JP2003507637A (en) 2003-02-25
US6619263B1 (en) 2003-09-16
WO2001014711A1 (en) 2001-03-01
EP1125046A1 (en) 2001-08-22

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