EP1101096B1 - Method of determining variable concentrations of ice in binary ice volumes - Google Patents
Method of determining variable concentrations of ice in binary ice volumes Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1101096B1 EP1101096B1 EP99948704A EP99948704A EP1101096B1 EP 1101096 B1 EP1101096 B1 EP 1101096B1 EP 99948704 A EP99948704 A EP 99948704A EP 99948704 A EP99948704 A EP 99948704A EP 1101096 B1 EP1101096 B1 EP 1101096B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- ice
- binary
- pressure
- pump
- determining
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract 3
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000009530 blood pressure measurement Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012267 brine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005086 pumping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000630 rising effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium;chloride;hydrate Chemical compound O.[Na+].[Cl-] HPALAKNZSZLMCH-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N11/10—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material
- G01N11/14—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties by moving a body within the material by using rotary bodies, e.g. vane
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
- F25C1/00—Producing ice
- F25C1/12—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs
- F25C1/14—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs to form thin sheets which are removed by scraping or wedging, e.g. in the form of flakes
- F25C1/145—Producing ice by freezing water on cooled surfaces, e.g. to form slabs to form thin sheets which are removed by scraping or wedging, e.g. in the form of flakes from the inner walls of cooled bodies
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/18—Water
- G01N33/1873—Ice or snow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25C—PRODUCING, WORKING OR HANDLING ICE
- F25C2700/00—Sensing or detecting of parameters; Sensors therefor
- F25C2700/08—Power to drive the auger motor of an auger type ice making machine
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N11/00—Investigating flow properties of materials, e.g. viscosity, plasticity; Analysing materials by determining flow properties
- G01N2011/0046—In situ measurement during mixing process
- G01N2011/0053—In situ measurement during mixing process using ergometry; measuring power consumption
Definitions
- this pressure is a measure of the ice concentration, if you have a reference value, e.g. B. with ice-free Operation or at a known ice concentration. The same applies to the pressure difference across a distance. This pressure differential can also be related brought with the ice concentration.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Immunology (AREA)
- Pathology (AREA)
- Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
- Biochemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Measuring Fluid Pressure (AREA)
- Investigating Or Analysing Materials By Optical Means (AREA)
- Production, Working, Storing, Or Distribution Of Ice (AREA)
- Control Of Non-Electrical Variables (AREA)
- Control Of Positive-Displacement Pumps (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Bestimmung wechselnder Eiskonzentrationen in Binäreisvolumina. Binäreis, also eine Suspension von kleinen Eiskristallen in einer wässrigen Lösung, bzw. Mischung, wird in vielfältiger Form für Zwecke des Kältetransports, der Kältespeicherung und der Kältenutzung eingesetzt.The invention relates to a method for determination changing ice concentrations in binary ice volumes. binary, a suspension of small ice crystals in an aqueous solution, or mixture, becomes more diverse Mold for the purpose of cold transport, cold storage and the use of cold.
Im Gegensatz zu anderen, einphasigen Kühlflüssigkeiten (z. B. Wasser, Sole usw.) ändert sich die Temperatur des Binäreis so lange nicht oder nur unwesentlich, wie Eiskristalle in diesem zweiphasigen Fluid vorhanden sind. Wärmezufuhr drückt sich nicht in einer sensiblen Temperaturerhöhung aus, sondern durch Abschmelzen der Eiskristalle (Latentenergie).Unlike other single-phase coolants (e.g. water, brine, etc.) the temperature of the Binary ice is not, or only insignificantly, as long as ice crystals are present in this two-phase fluid. Heat supply is not expressed in a sensitive increase in temperature but by melting the ice crystals (Latent energy).
Um die Verwendung von Binäreis steuern zu können, ist nun die Eiskonzentration im Binäreisvolumen zu bestimmen. Dies wird bisher u. a. durch die Messung der elektrischen Leitfähigkeit bzw. des elektrischen Leitwiderstandes sowie Messung des Druckes in einem geschlossenen Speicherbehälter durchgeführt (siehe z.B. DE 43 25 794 C), wobei jeweils nur ein indirekter Rückschluß auf die Eiskonzentration möglich ist, der insbesondere dann nicht ausreicht, wenn die äußeren Rahmenbedingungen nicht konstant bleiben.To control the use of binary ice, is now determine the ice concentration in the binary ice volume. So far this is u. a. by measuring the electrical Conductivity or the electrical resistance as well as measuring the pressure in a closed Storage tank carried out (see e.g. DE 43 25 794 C), with only one indirect Conclusion on the ice concentration possible is, which is not sufficient, especially when the outer Framework conditions do not remain constant.
So kann z. B. in Systemen, in denen die chemische Zusammensetzung des Binäreisfluides nicht konstant ist, die elektrische Leitfähigkeit kein zuverlässiges Maß für die Eiskonzentration sein. Dasselbe gilt für nicht geschlossene Systeme nicht konstanter Masse, in welchen sich die Änderungen eines Volumens als Änderung der Eiskonzentration ausdrücken würde, was zu Fehlern führt. Die Messung der Dichte des Binäreisfluides ist sehr aufwendig und scheidet aus Kostengründen vor allem für kleinere Anlagen aus. Eine Bestimmung der Viskosität des Binäreisfluides als Maß für die Eiskonzentration ist mit herkömmlichen Methoden nicht möglich, da Binäreis ein Fluid nicht-Newton'schen Typs ist (es ist ein "Bingham fluid") und somit kein verwertbares Signal für die Eiskonzentration liefert.So z. B. in systems in which the chemical composition of the binary ice fluid is not constant, which electrical conductivity is not a reliable measure of that Be ice concentration. The same applies to not closed Systems of non-constant mass in which the Changes in volume as a change in ice concentration would express what leads to errors. The measurement the density of the binary ice fluid is very complex and for cost reasons, especially for smaller plants out. A determination of the viscosity of the binary ice fluid as a measure of the ice concentration is with conventional Methods not possible because binary ice is a fluid non-Newtonian type (it's a "Bingham fluid") and therefore no usable signal for the ice concentration supplies.
Auch kalorimetrische Bestimmungen der Eiskonzentration eignen sich lediglich im Labormaßstab, da sie manuelle Maßnahmen erforderlich machen.Also calorimetric determinations of the ice concentration are only suitable on a laboratory scale because they are manual Make measures necessary.
Der Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren zu schaffen, mit dem die Eiskonzentration in Binäreisvolumina bestimmt werden kann.The invention is therefore based on the object of a method to create with which the ice concentration in binary ice volumes can be determined.
Erfindungsgemäß wird diese Aufgabe durch Verfahren mit den Merkmalen der unabhängigen Ansprüche 1 und 3 gelöst. Die Unteransprüche geben vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung wieder.According to the invention, this object is achieved by methods having the features of independent claims 1 and 3. The subclaims represent advantageous embodiments of the invention.
Insbesondere ist durch das Verrichten mechanischer Arbeit im zu messenden Volumen durch Fördern des Binäreises mit einer elektrischen Pumpe eine rechnerische Umsetzung möglich, die aus der erfaßten elektrischen Leistung auf die Eiskonzentration zurückschließen läßt.In particular, by performing mechanical work in the volume to be measured by pumping the binary ice with an electric pump a computational implementation possible from the recorded electrical power to the ice concentration concludes.
Zusätzlich bietet sich an, den Pumpendruck, der bei der Förderung von Binäreis in einer Rohrleitung erzeugt wird, zu messen. Dieser Druck steht nicht in Zusammenhang mit dem Druck des Binäreises durch Ausdehnung bei zunehmender Eiskonzentration.In addition, the pump pressure, which at the Production of binary ice generated in a pipeline will measure. This pressure is unrelated with the pressure of the binary ice by expansion at increasing ice concentration.
Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus nachfolgender Beschreibung eines bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiels des Verfahrens: Further advantages and features of the invention result from the following description of a preferred embodiment of the procedure:
Es wurde festgestellt, daß der benötigte Pumpendruck zur Förderung von Binäreis in einer Rohrleitung oder in einem Behälter in direktem Zusammenhang mit der Eiskonzentration steht. Dieser Druck hat dagegen keinen direkten Zusammenhang mit dem durch Ausdehnung bei zunehmender Eiskonzentration sich erhöhenden Druck.It was found that the pump pressure required for Extraction of binary ice in a pipeline or in a Containers directly related to the ice concentration stands. However, this pressure has no direct Connection with that due to expansion with increasing Ice concentration increasing pressure.
Bei einer Messung des Drucks des Binäreises nach einer Pumpe, ist dieser Druck ein Maß für die Eiskonzentration, sofern man einen Referenzwert, z. B. bei eisfreiem Betrieb oder bei einer bekannten Eiskonzentration, berücksichtigt. Dasselbe gilt für die Druckdifferenz über eine Strecke. Diese Druckdifferenz kann ebenfalls im Zusammenhang mit der Eiskonzentration gebracht werden.When measuring the pressure of the binary ice after a Pump, this pressure is a measure of the ice concentration, if you have a reference value, e.g. B. with ice-free Operation or at a known ice concentration. The same applies to the pressure difference across a distance. This pressure differential can also be related brought with the ice concentration.
Damit läßt sich durch die einfache Anbringung zweier Drucksensoren in einer Rohrleitung eine Aussage über den Zustand des Binäreises gewinnen, die dann noch mit einer weiteren Aussage der elektrischen Wirkleistung der Pumpe näher und genauer erfolgen kann.This can be done by simply attaching two Pressure sensors in a pipeline make a statement about the Win the state of the binary ice, then with a further statement of the active electrical power of the pump can be closer and more accurate.
Bei fluiddynamischen Pumpen (z. B. Kreiselpumpen) sinkt die Fördermenge bei steigendem Gegendruck bzw. bei steigender Druckdifferenz, wie dies bei der Zunahme der Eiskonzentration auftritt. Die sinkende Fördermenge resultiert in einem geringeren Pumpendruck, wobei die steigende Eiskonzentration diesem Absinken entgegenwirkt. Der resultierende Druck ist somit einer Interferenz aus Fördermenge und Eiskonzentration unterworfen.With fluid-dynamic pumps (e.g. centrifugal pumps) decreases the flow rate with increasing back pressure or with increasing Pressure difference as this with the increase in ice concentration occurs. The decreasing flow rate results in a lower pump pressure, the rising Ice concentration counteracts this drop. The resulting pressure is therefore interference Flow rate and ice concentration subject.
Bei Verdrängerpumpen (z. B. Zahnradpumpen) bleibt die Fördermenge bei steigendem Gegendruck, bzw. bei steigender Druckdifferenz, wie dies bei der Zunahme der Eiskonzentration auftritt, annähernd konstant (auf jeden Fall deutlich konstanter als bei fluiddynamischen Pumpen). Die Zunahme des Druckes bzw. der Druckdifferenz wird daher bei Verdrängerpumpen noch stärker ausgeprägt sein. Diese eignen sich daher zu einer genaueren Messung.With positive displacement pumps (e.g. gear pumps), this remains Flow rate with increasing back pressure or with increasing Pressure difference as this with the increase in ice concentration occurs, almost constant (definitely significantly more constant than with fluid dynamic pumps). The increase in pressure or pressure difference is therefore be more pronounced with positive displacement pumps. These are therefore suitable for a more precise measurement.
In einer verzweigten Rohr- und Behälteranordnung, deren Strömungsverhältnisse veränderlich sind (z. B. öffnende oder schließende Armaturen, Umschaltvorgänge, veränderliche (Gegen)Drücke usw.), kann der Druck bzw. die Druckdifferenz zusätzlichen Veränderungen unterworfen sein.In a branched tube and container arrangement, the Flow conditions are changeable (e.g. opening or closing fittings, switching processes, variable (Counter) pressures etc.), the pressure or the Pressure difference subject to additional changes his.
Ungeachtet der vorgenannten Interferenzen und Veränderungen ist es möglich, den durch eine Pumpe aufzubringenden Druck bzw. die herrschende Druckdifferenz in einer Rohrleitung bzw. in einem Behälter soweit von Nebeneinflüssen zu isolieren, daß die Veränderung des Drucks bzw. der Druckdifferenz als Maß für die Eiskonzentration herangezogen werden kann. Ggf. ist eine Kalibrierung vorzunehmen. Hierbei wird man vorteilhafterweise die Druck(differenz)messung an solchen Meßorten vornehmen, deren Anordnung, Geometrie und Ausführung vereinheitlicht sind, so daß eine werkseitige Meßortdefinition gegeben ist. Dies sind z. B. der Ein- und/oder Austritt aus dem Eiserzeuger oder eine definierte Rohrstrecke.Notwithstanding the aforementioned interference and changes it is possible to apply the pump Pressure or the prevailing pressure difference in one Pipeline or in a container as far as possible from side influences isolate that change in pressure or the pressure difference as a measure of the ice concentration can be used. Possibly. is a calibration make. Here you will advantageously the Carry out pressure (difference) measurement at such measuring locations, their arrangement, geometry and design are standardized are given, so that a factory measurement location definition is. These are e.g. B. the entry and / or exit from the ice maker or a defined pipe run.
Da der Druck als Maß der Pumpenleistung direkt proportional der elektrischen Wirkleistung der Pumpe ist, kann auch diese als Maß für die Eiskonzentration herangezogen werden, sofern die geometrischen Verhältnisse nach der Pumpe vereinheitlicht sind.Because the pressure as a measure of the pump output is directly proportional the effective electrical power of the pump this also used as a measure of the ice concentration provided that the geometric relationships according to Pump are unified.
Claims (4)
- Method for determining changing ice concentrations in binary ice volumes, characterized bycarrying out mechanical work in the volume to be measured with a pump delivering the binary ice fluid,determining the electrical power carried out by the pump, andmathematical conversion of the determined electrical power into a measure for the ice concentration.
- Method according to claim 1, characterized in that by means of a pressure measurement determination takes place of the electrical work carried out by an electric, binary ice fluid - delivering pump to be monitored.
- Method for determining changing ice concentrations in binary ice volumes characterized by:carrying out electrical work in the volume to be measured with a pump delivering the binary ice fluid,determining the pump pressure produced when delivering the binary ice fluid,mathematical conversion of the determined pressure in a measure for the ice concentration.
- Method according to claim 3, characterized in that the determination of the pressure is carried out with two pressure sensors in a pipe behind the pump.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE19834781A DE19834781A1 (en) | 1998-08-01 | 1998-08-01 | Procedure for determining changing ice concentrations in binary ice volumes |
| DE19834781 | 1998-08-01 | ||
| PCT/DE1999/002307 WO2000008436A1 (en) | 1998-08-01 | 1999-07-22 | Method for determining the variable concentrations of ice in binary ice volumes |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP1101096A1 EP1101096A1 (en) | 2001-05-23 |
| EP1101096B1 true EP1101096B1 (en) | 2003-02-12 |
Family
ID=7876138
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP99948704A Expired - Lifetime EP1101096B1 (en) | 1998-08-01 | 1999-07-22 | Method of determining variable concentrations of ice in binary ice volumes |
Country Status (10)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US6378329B1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP1101096B1 (en) |
| JP (1) | JP2002522761A (en) |
| KR (1) | KR20010053491A (en) |
| AT (1) | ATE232601T1 (en) |
| AU (1) | AU6187199A (en) |
| DE (2) | DE19834781A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2192865T3 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2000008436A1 (en) |
| ZA (1) | ZA994843B (en) |
Families Citing this family (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE10015806C2 (en) * | 2000-03-24 | 2002-12-12 | Tollense Fahrzeug Und Anlagenb | Storage for liquid ice with high ice concentration |
| JP4429665B2 (en) * | 2003-09-08 | 2010-03-10 | カゴメ株式会社 | Forward freeze concentration control method |
| DE102006038698A1 (en) * | 2006-02-08 | 2007-08-09 | Hubert Goseling | Treating of ice slurry produced from a water/alcohol mixture in a treatment storage container, comprises determining the concentration of ice in the ice slurry sample from the storage container and changing the concentration |
| US8613839B2 (en) * | 2009-10-13 | 2013-12-24 | Idalex Technologies | Water distillation method and apparatus |
Family Cites Families (17)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3328972A (en) * | 1966-08-09 | 1967-07-04 | Struthers Scientific Int Corp | Concentration of extracts by freezing |
| US3407618A (en) * | 1967-02-06 | 1968-10-29 | Polar Chips Mfg Company | Refrigeration control means for a slush-making machine |
| US3410103A (en) * | 1967-11-09 | 1968-11-12 | Cornelius Co | Control for a slush-ice beverage machine |
| US4551159A (en) * | 1979-04-03 | 1985-11-05 | Vladimir Goldstein | Ice making machine and method |
| US4275567A (en) * | 1980-03-31 | 1981-06-30 | Beatrice Foods Co. | Method and apparatus for controlling operation of a soft-serve machine |
| DE3113785A1 (en) * | 1981-04-04 | 1982-10-28 | Hochtief Ag Vorm. Gebr. Helfmann, 4300 Essen | Method and device for determining the consistency of mixed concrete |
| JPS6166143A (en) | 1984-09-07 | 1986-04-04 | Nec Corp | Rotary viscosimeter |
| US4653313A (en) * | 1985-10-18 | 1987-03-31 | Halliburton Company | Positive stirring consistometer cup and method of using the same |
| NL8502876A (en) | 1985-10-22 | 1987-05-18 | Skf Ind Trading & Dev | DEVICE FOR MEASURING THE EFFECTIVE VISCOSITY OF A LUBRICANT. |
| DE3732231A1 (en) * | 1987-09-24 | 1989-04-13 | Hudelmaier Ingrid | METHOD FOR DETERMINING THE CONSISTENCY OF CONCRETE AND RELATED CONCRETE MIXERS |
| DD287207A5 (en) * | 1989-08-18 | 1991-02-21 | Veb Nahrungsguetermaschinenbau,De | METHOD FOR CONTROLLING AND REGULATING THE NUTRITION |
| DE4039083A1 (en) * | 1990-12-07 | 1992-06-11 | Jan Vala | Measuring building material characteristics in concrete mixer - measuring load on mixer drive and computing characteristics from stored relationship |
| DE4325794C1 (en) * | 1993-07-31 | 1994-10-06 | Integral Technologie Gmbh | Method for measuring ice concentration |
| DE4325793C2 (en) * | 1993-07-31 | 1997-07-17 | Integral Technologie Gmbh | Method for measuring an ice concentration and device for carrying out the method |
| CA2143465C (en) * | 1995-02-27 | 2007-05-22 | Vladimir Goldstein | Ice slurry delivery system |
| NL1001050C2 (en) * | 1995-08-24 | 1997-02-25 | Grenco B V | The on-board refrigeration of fish after capture |
| US5684247A (en) | 1995-09-08 | 1997-11-04 | Appa System, Inc. | Rotating consistency transmitter impeller and method |
-
1998
- 1998-08-01 DE DE19834781A patent/DE19834781A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1999
- 1999-07-22 AU AU61871/99A patent/AU6187199A/en not_active Abandoned
- 1999-07-22 EP EP99948704A patent/EP1101096B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-22 US US09/762,009 patent/US6378329B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-22 ES ES99948704T patent/ES2192865T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1999-07-22 WO PCT/DE1999/002307 patent/WO2000008436A1/en not_active Ceased
- 1999-07-22 KR KR1020017000456A patent/KR20010053491A/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1999-07-22 AT AT99948704T patent/ATE232601T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1999-07-22 JP JP2000564022A patent/JP2002522761A/en active Pending
- 1999-07-22 DE DE59904284T patent/DE59904284D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1999-07-28 ZA ZA9904843A patent/ZA994843B/en unknown
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE19834781A1 (en) | 2000-02-17 |
| ZA994843B (en) | 1999-10-28 |
| ES2192865T3 (en) | 2003-10-16 |
| US6378329B1 (en) | 2002-04-30 |
| AU6187199A (en) | 2000-02-28 |
| KR20010053491A (en) | 2001-06-25 |
| WO2000008436A1 (en) | 2000-02-17 |
| JP2002522761A (en) | 2002-07-23 |
| EP1101096A1 (en) | 2001-05-23 |
| DE59904284D1 (en) | 2003-03-20 |
| ATE232601T1 (en) | 2003-02-15 |
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