EP1095651B1

EP1095651B1 - Coated tablets having minimised susceptability to food interferance.

Info

Publication number: EP1095651B1
Application number: EP00850162A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Peter Fyhr; Marta Corselli; Staffan Waxegard
Original assignee: Actavis Laboratories UT Inc
Current assignee: Actavis Laboratories UT Inc
Priority date: 1999-10-28
Filing date: 2000-10-11
Publication date: 2007-01-03
Anticipated expiration: 2020-10-11
Also published as: EP1095651A2; ES2280192T3; EP1095651A3; JP4711499B2; JP2001131059A; DE60032704D1; SE9903879D0; DE60032704T2

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention concerns a controlled-release pharmaceutical preparation. Specifically the invention concern controlled-release tablets protected from food interference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Innumerable types of controlled-release tablets are known, which have had greater or lesser degrees of success accomplishing the desired result, namely the attainment of a substantially constant and controlled dissolution rate during a major portion of their dissolution time when exposed to gastrointestinal fluids.
One such tablet is disclosed in US 4,557,925. Medical preparations developed according to this patent are currently used and well accepted by the patients. However, in some cases it has been found that the release of the pharmacologically active substance can be disturbed by the food intake, a consequence of which is that the constant release rate is disturbed. The tablet comprises a drug-containing tablet core and a water-insoluble coating or membrane surrounding the same, wherein the coating or membrane contains a pore-creating substance. Without being bound to any specific theory it is believed that the dietary lipids are adsorbed onto or absorbed into the hydrophobic coating or membrane thereby preventing the release of the drug.

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

A main object of the present invention is to reduce or eliminate this disadvantage of this and similar pharmaceutical preparations.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The invention concerns an essentially zero-order controlled-release pharmaceutical tablet comprising a drug-containing tablet core surrounded by a first coating or membrane essentially consisting of a water insoluble polymer having fine water soluble particles randomly distributed therein and a second hydrophilic film coating essentially consisting of a pharmaceutically acceptable water insoluble polymer selected from ethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polymetacrylate, polyvinylacetate, poly(vinylacetate-co-crotonic acid), poly(vinylacetateco-vinyl alcohol), poly(ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride) and a pharmaceutically acceptable water soluble polymer selected from guar gum, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyethyleneoxide, polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone. By providing this second coating it has been found that a food neutral system is created that will allow the drug to be released at an essentially zero order release rate in the presence of food. The invention also concerns a method for the preparation of such a pharmaceutical tablet.
Controlled release pharmaceutical preparations having an outer porous coating consisting of a hydrophobic polymeric substance or a hydrophobic polymeric substance and a hydrophilic polymeric substance are disclosed in EP 335 560. In these preparations the controlled release is achieved by the coating, the porosity of which is achieved, not by water soluble particles as in the present invention, but by a proper selection of the polymer substances of the coating. Nothing is mentioned about food interference problems and how to eliminate such problems.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

More specifically the second hydrophilic film coating consists essentially of a pharmaceutically acceptable water insoluble polymer such as ethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polymetacrylate, polyvinylacetate, poly(vinylacetate-co-crotonic acid), poly(vinylacetateco-vinyl alcohol), poly(ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride) and a pharmaceutically acceptable water soluble polymer such as guar gum, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyethyleneoxide, polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone. Especially preferred are mixtures of cellulose polymers such as ethylcellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, preferably at a concentration of 50-90 % ethylcellulose and 10-50 % hydroxypropyl methylcellulose. Preferably the hydrophilic film coating also includes a plasticizer. Examples of plastizicers are triethyl citrate, acetylbutyl citrate and polyethyleneoxide. A preferred plastizicer is acetyl tributyl citrate.
According to one embodiment of the invention a sub coating may be provided between the first hydrophobic coating or membrane and the second hydrophilic film coating. This sub or intermediate coating may be selected from the group consisting of guar gum, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyethyleneoxide, polyvinylalcohol. A preferred sub coating may consist of polyvinylpyrrolidone.
The water insoluble, microporous coating or membrane may be of the type disclosed in the US patent 4 557 925 referred to above and may consist of cellulosa derivatives, acrylic polymers, and other high molecule polymers such as ethyl cellulose, cellulose acetate, cellulose propionate, cellulose butyrate, cellulose valerate, cellulose acetate propionate, polyvinylacetate, polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylchloride, polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl butyral, ladder polymer of sesquiphenyl siloxane, polymethyl methacrylate, polycarbonate, polyester, coumaroneindene polymer, polybutadiene, vinyl chloride-vinyl acetate copolymer, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer and vinyl chloridepropylene-vinyl acetate terpolymer, and a water-soluble pore-creating substance. The pore-creating substance is a water-soluble substance selected from the group consisting of saccharose, sodium chloride and potassium chloride, or selected from the group consisting of polyvinylpyrrolidone and a polyethyleneglycol.
The drug in the core could for example be tranquillizers, hypnotics, antibiotics, antihypertensives, antianginas, analgesics, antiinflamatories, neuroleptics, antidiabetic, diuretics, antikolinergics, antihyperacidics or antiepileptics. The drug substance could for example be potassium chloride, theophylline, a theophylline salt, phenylpropanolamine, sodium salicylate, choline theophyllinate, paracetamole, carbidopa, levodopa, diltiazem, enalapril, verapamil, naproxen, pseudoephedrin, nicorandil, oxybutyin, morphine, oxycodone or propranolol. One embodiment of the invention concerns a preparation containing Naproxen as the drug active substance in the tablet core. The solubility of the drug active substance is preferably more than 10 mg/l.
The present invention also provides a method of preparing this controlled-release preparation comprising the steps of; dissolving the coating or membrane polymer (poly-(vinylchloride-co-vinylalcohol-co-vinylacetate)) in a solvent, preparing a suspension of the pore-creating material, dissolving the sub coating agent in a solvent, dissolving the film-polymer in a solvent, providing a pharmaceutical tablet combining the suspension of pore-creating material and solution of the coating- or membrane-polymer to form a coating fluid, applying the coating fluid in the form of a suspension on the tablet and drying the coating fluid on the tablet, applying the dissolved sub coating agent to the tablet and drying the tablet, applying the dissolved film-polymer to the coated tablet and drying the tablet, to provide a coated tablet having water-soluble pore-creating material randomly distributed within the first coating- or membrane-polymer, covered by a sub coating and a second film-polymer.
The present invention is not limited in either its film-coated controlled release tablet aspect or in its method aspect by the drug or type of drug incorporated in the tablet. Any tablet containing any presently known or future discovered orally acting drug may be coated according to the present invention, to provide the highly advantageous controlled release pharmaceutical tablets of the present invention that physically prevent interference between the tablet and lipids in the gastrointestinal fluids.
The invention is further illustrated by, but should not be limited to, the following preparation and example.

Example

Constituents:
Quantity
	mg/tablet
Core
Naproxen Sodium		548**
Sodium Phosphate,
dibasic heptahydr.		38,9
Lactose 125M		49,1
Povidone, Kollidon 25		52,0
Magnesium Stearate		10,3
Ethanol 99,5%*
75,0
Weight of core:		698

Membrane coating (First coating)
Sucrose, powder		57,1
Coating polymer		9,77
Acetyl Tributyl Citrate		1,74
Castor Oil, polymerized		1,33
Sodium Hydrogen Carbonate	2,09
Acetone*			542
Weight of the membrane coating:	72,0

Sub coating
polyvinylpyrrolidone		11,4
Ethanol 99,5%*			123
Weight of the sub coating:	11,4

Film coating (Second coating)
Ethylcellulose N7		7,00
Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose		3,00
Acetyl Tributyl Citrate (ATBC		2,00
Ethanol 99,5%*			161
Water, purified*		27,0
Weight of the film coating:	12,0
Total weight of the tablet:	793

Note: The weight of the coating may vary +/- 10%.
* Evaporates during the process
** Equivalent to 500 mg Naproxen

A. Core

Dibasic sodium phosphate heptahydrate is sieved through a 0,5 mm screen in a Quadro mill. Naproxen sodium, lactose, Povidone and the milled buffering agent are sieved through a 1 mm screen (Quadro) into an intensive mixer for wet granulation. The substances are granulated with ethanol.
The granulation is dried in a ventilated air chamber at 40°C for approx. 2 hours. Loss on drying limits: 2.5-3.5%.
The dried granulation and magnesium stearate are sieved through a lmm screen (Quadro) and transferred into a double cone tumbling mixer and final mixing is then performed.
Tabletting is achieved on a rotary tablet press.

B. Coating processes

The tablet cores are coated in several steps:

Membrane coating (the rate limiting step)
Sub coating (to separate the membrane coating from the film coating)
Film coating (to prevent a negative food effect)
Drying in the drying vessels

B.1. Membrane coating process

Preparation of the membrane coating suspension

The coating suspension is manufactured in a two-step procedure (I-II):

I. Concentrated suspension

1. The sucrose powder and sodium hydrogen carbonate are dispersed in acetone under continuous agitation. The agitated suspension is milled together with additional acetone, acetyl tributyl citrate and polymerized castor oil in a pearl mill. The solution is transferred into a final mixing vessel, where it is kept under continuous agitation.
2. The coating polymer is dissolved in acetone. The solution is transferred into the final mixing vessel.
3. The concentrated suspension is kept under continuous agitation in the final mixing vessel until it is used.

II. Coating suspension

1. The concentrated suspension is transferred into a vessel included in the coating equipment and diluted with acetone.
2. The coating suspension is kept under continuous agitation during the membrane coating process.

Membrane coating/drying in the pan

1. The cores are transferred into an Accela Cota, equipped with a hot air source and exhaust device.
2. The hot air temperature is 57°C.
3. The coating suspension is sprayed onto the cores using an airborne spray device.
4. After membrane coating the tablets are dried in the coating pan for 15 minutes at 57°C.

B.2. Sub coating process

1. Ethanol and povidone are added to the stainless steel vessel during stirring for about 10 minutes.
2. The sub coating is performed in the Accela Cota immediately after the membrane coating/drying.
3. After sub coating the tablets are dried in the pan for 5 minutes at 57°C.

B.3. Film coating process

1. Ethylcellulose is dissolved in ethanol in the stainless steel vessel during hard stirring for about 10 minutes.
2. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose and acetyl tributyl citrate are added to the vessel during continued stirring for about 10 minutes.
3. Water is added to the vessel during hard stirring. Stirring continued for about 10 minutes.
4. The film coating is performed in the Accela Cota immediately after the sub coating and drying.
5. After film coating the tablets are dried in the coating pan for 10 minutes at 57°C.

B.4. Drying in the drying vessels

After final coating the tablets are dried for about 16 hours at 40°C in a ventilated drying container.
The effect of food containing different amounts of fat on a tablet without the second coating is clearly demonstrated in Figure 1. In figure 2 the same tablets have been provided with a second coating according to the present invention which coating has been applied on the first coating. It is clearly seen that the food interference is essentially eliminated by the second coating.

Claims

A pharmaceutical tablet comprising a drug-containing tablet core surrounded by a first coating or membrane providing an essentially zero-order controlled-release of the drug, said coating or memebrane essentially consisting of a water insoluble polymer having fine water soluble particles randomly distributed therein, and a second coating, characterised in that the second coating is a hydrophilic film coating, essentially consisting of a pharmaceutically acceptable water insoluble polymer selected from ethylcellulose, methylcellulose, polymetacrylate, polyvinylacetate, poly(vinylacetate-co-crotonic acid), poly(vinylacetateco-vinyl alcohol), poly(ethyl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, trimethylammonioethyl methacrylate chloride) and a pharmaceutically acceptable water soluble polymer selected from guar gum, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose, polyethyleneoxide, polyvinylalcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, for eliminating or minimising food interference.
The tablet according to claim 1, characterised in that the second film coating is a mixture of ethyl cellulose and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
The tablet according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the second film coating contains 50-90% ethyl cellulose and 10-50% hydroxypropyl methylcellulose.
The tablet according to any one of the claims 1-3, characterised in that a sub coating is provided between the first and the second coating.
The tablet according to claim 4, characterised in that the sub coating consists of polyvinylpyrrolidone.
The tablet according to any of the claims 1-5, characterised in that the first coating essentially consists of at least one terpolymer having a water soluble pore creating agent dispersed therein.
The tablet according to any of the claims 1-6, characterised in that the first coating essentially consists of a terpolymer of vinylchloride, vinylacetate and vinylalcohol.
The tablet according to any of the claims 1-7, characterised in that the drug in the core is selected from the group consisting of tranquillizers, antibiotics, hypnotics, antihypertensives, antianginas, analgesics, antiinflamatories, neuroleptics, antidiabetic, diuretics, antikolinergics, antihyperacidics or antiepileptics.
The tablet according to any of the claims 1-8, characterised in that the drug in the core is potassium chloride, theophylline, a theophylline salt, phenylpropanolamine, sodium salicylate, choline theophyllinate, paracetamole, carbidopa, levodopa, diltiazem, enalapril, verapamil, naproxen, pseudoephedrin, nicorandil, oxybutuin, morphine, oxycodone or propranolol.
The tablet according to any of the claims 1-9 characterised in that the drug in the core is Naproxen.
A method of preparing the tablet according to claim 1, comprising the steps of;
a) dissolving the coating- or membrane-polymer in a solvent,

b) preparing a suspension of the pore-creating material,

c) dissolving the sub coating agent in a solvent,

d) dissolving the film-polymer in a solvent,

e) providing a pharmaceutical tablet, combining the suspension of pore-creating material and solution of the coating- or membrane-polymer to form a coating fluid,

f) applying the coating fluid in the form of a suspension onto the tablet and drying the coating fluid on the tablet,

g) applying the dissolved sub coating agent to the tablet and drying the tablet,

h) applying the dissolved film-polymer to the coated tablet and drying the tablet, to provide a coated tablet having water-soluble pore-creating material randomly distributed within the first coating- or membrane-polymer, covered by a sub coating and a second film-polymer coating.
Use of a hydrophilic film as a second tablet coating for eliminating or minimising food interference of a pharmaceutical tablet comprising a drug-containing tablet core surrounded by a first coating or membrane providing an essentially zero-order controlled-release of the drug, said coating or membrane essentially consisting of a water insoluble polymer having fine water soluble particles randomly distributed therein.