EP1083471B1 - Régulateur de tension - Google Patents
Régulateur de tension Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1083471B1 EP1083471B1 EP00119687A EP00119687A EP1083471B1 EP 1083471 B1 EP1083471 B1 EP 1083471B1 EP 00119687 A EP00119687 A EP 00119687A EP 00119687 A EP00119687 A EP 00119687A EP 1083471 B1 EP1083471 B1 EP 1083471B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- switch
- voltage
- reg
- reference voltage
- control
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 17
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 230000000977 initiatory effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 18
- 101000806846 Homo sapiens DNA-(apurinic or apyrimidinic site) endonuclease Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 101000835083 Homo sapiens Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 Proteins 0.000 description 11
- 102100026134 Tissue factor pathway inhibitor 2 Human genes 0.000 description 11
- 101100219315 Arabidopsis thaliana CYP83A1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 101100269674 Mus musculus Alyref2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 101100140580 Saccharomyces cerevisiae (strain ATCC 204508 / S288c) REF2 gene Proteins 0.000 description 10
- 239000013256 coordination polymer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 3
- 101150110971 CIN7 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101150110298 INV1 gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 101100397044 Xenopus laevis invs-a gene Proteins 0.000 description 2
- 230000002401 inhibitory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
- G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
- G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current
- G05F1/46—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC
- G05F1/56—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices
- G05F1/565—Regulating voltage or current wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is DC using semiconductor devices in series with the load as final control devices sensing a condition of the system or its load in addition to means responsive to deviations in the output of the system, e.g. current, voltage, power factor
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a regulator of voltage comprising a capacitor delivering on its anode a regulated voltage, a regulation switch to connect the capacitor to a voltage source and regulating means arranged to close the switch when the regulated voltage is lower than a first reference voltage.
- Voltage regulators find various applications in the field of electronics, by example to deliver a regulated voltage used to electrically powering the ports of a microprocessor.
- FIG. 1 represents a conventional voltage regulator 1, incorporated in a microprocessor 2.
- the microprocessor 2 is powered by an electric battery 3 of internal resistance r i , delivering a voltage V DD .
- the regulator 1 comprises an external capacitor C REG delivering on its anode a regulated voltage V REG .
- the anode of the capacitor C REG is connected to the anode of the cell 3 via a regulating switch SW 1 having a null or low value series resistor R 1 .
- the switch SW1 is controlled by the output of a follower circuit CP receiving on its positive input the regulated voltage V REG and on its negative input a reference voltage V REF .
- the voltage V REF is conventionally a so-called band gap voltage having good stability as a function of temperature, generated by means of PN junction diodes and current mirrors.
- the follower circuit CP is controlled by a PDW signal (Power-Down) and the anode of the capacitor C REG is connected to ground by a switch SW OFF controlled by the signal PDW.
- PDW Power-Down
- the switch SW OFF is closed. Regulator 1 is stopped and capacitor C REG is discharged.
- the disadvantage of such a regulator is to have a high power consumption at startup.
- the capacitor C REG is discharged and the voltage V REG is zero.
- the output of the follower circuit CP goes to 0 and the switch SW 1 closes.
- the application of the voltage V DD on the capacitor C REG causes a strong current draw and a significant drop in the supply voltage V DD of the microprocessor 2, because of the internal resistance r i of the battery 3. If at At the same time other elements of the microprocessor 2 consume a significant current, it may happen that the voltage V DD becomes lower than the minimum operating voltage of the microprocessor 2, so that the microprocessor 2 is blocked.
- the present invention aims to overcome this disadvantage.
- US Patent 5,861,737 describes a regulator in which the current supplied to a load is limited by adequate control of the grid voltage applied to a MOSFET regulating transistor arranged between the source voltage and charge. This MOSFET transistor presents thus a series resistance of variable value allowing to limit the starting current.
- the present invention aims to limit the starting current of a regulator without increase the series resistance of the switch .regulation.
- the present invention also relates to a circuit integrated circuit, in particular a microprocessor, comprising a regulator according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 represents a voltage regulator according to the invention.
- the regulator 10 conventionally comprises a capacitor C REG whose anode is connected to a voltage source V DD by a regulating switch SW1, here a PMOS transistor, having a null or low value series resistor R1.
- the anode of the capacitor C REG which delivers a regulated voltage V REG , is connected to ground by a switch SW OFF controlled by a reset signal PDW (Power-Down).
- a ballast switch SW2 is connected in parallel with the switch SW1.
- Switch SW2 has a significant resistance R2 series, for example of the order of a few hundred ohms.
- the switch SW2 is here a PMOS transistor and the resistor R2 is the intrinsic resistance of the transistor, that is to say its series resistance (R ON ) to the passing being.
- the value of the resistance R2 is thus determined by the choice of the ratio W / L between the width W and the length L of the gate of the transistor.
- the switches SW1, SW2 are controlled by a circuit 11, represented here in the form of a block, controlled by the signal PDW.
- the circuit 11 receives as input the voltage V REG , a first reference voltage V REF1 and a second reference voltage V REF2 .
- the voltage V REF2 is less than V REF1 and is for example equal to 0.75 V REF1 .
- the circuit 11 delivers a signal S1 for controlling the switch SW1 and a signal S2 for controlling the switch SW2 (the signals S1, S2 being here applied to the gates of the PMOS transistors).
- the circuit 11 When the signal PDW is at 1, the circuit 11 is blocked and the switch SW OFF is closed. The capacitor C REG is discharged and the voltage V REG is zero. When the signal PDW is set to 0, the circuit 11 starts and the capacitor C REG is charged.
- the operation of the regulator 10 and the circuit 11 is described in Table 1 below.
- the switches SW1, SW2 being here PMOS transistors, the active value of the signals S1, S2 corresponding to the closing of the switches SW1, SW2 (conducting state) is the value 0 (gate of the transistors to ground). When the signals S1, S2 are at 1 (voltage V DD ), the switches are open (transistors in the off state).
- V REG S1 SW1 S2 SW2 (E1) V REG ⁇ V REF2 1 open 0 closed (E2) REF2 V ⁇ V REG ⁇ V REF1 0 closed 0 or 1 closed or open (E3) V REG > V REF1 1 open 1 open
- the capacitor C REG is charged in two periods E1, E2.
- the ballast switch SW2 is closed and the regulation switch SW1 is open.
- the charge of the capacitor C REG is carried out via the ballast switch SW2 and the starting current is limited by the resistor R2. The risk of seeing the supply voltage V DD greatly decrease is thus eliminated, especially when the voltage V DD is delivered by an electric battery or a voltage generator having a significant internal resistance.
- the period E2 occurs when the voltage V REG exceeds the threshold V REF2 .
- the switch SW1 closes and the charging cycle of the capacitor C REG terminates rapidly since the resistor R1 is zero or of low value.
- the ballast switch SW2 can indifferently be kept open or closed.
- the regulator 10 When the capacitor C REG is charged, the regulator 10 operates in a conventional manner, the control switch SW1 being closed (period E2) or open (period E3) depending on whether the voltage V REG is lower or higher than V REF1 .
- the voltage V REG is thus enslaved in the vicinity of V REF1 with alternating periods E2 and E3.
- the SW2 ballast switch is always open.
- FIG. 3 An advantageous embodiment of the circuit 11 is shown in FIG. 3.
- the regulator 10 is shown incorporated in an integrated circuit 20, for example a microprocessor, and the voltage V DD is delivered by an electric battery 21 of internal resistance r i .
- the circuit 11 comprises an operational amplifier CP1 arranged in follower circuit and a comparator CP2.
- the follower circuit CP1 and the comparator CP2 are controlled by the signal PDW.
- the follower circuit CP1 receives on its negative input the voltage V REF1 and on its positive input the regulated voltage V REG .
- the output of the follower circuit CP1 delivers the signal S2 which is applied to the control input of the switch SW2.
- the comparator CP2 receives on its positive input the voltage V REF2 and on its negative input the voltage V REG .
- the voltage V REF2 is obtained here by dividing the voltage V REF1 by means of a divider bridge comprising two resistors r a , r b .
- the output of the comparator CP2 delivers a signal S3 which is applied to the control input of a switch SW3, here a PMOS transistor, and to the input of an inverting gate INV1.
- the output of the gate INV1 is connected to the control input of a switch SW4, here a PMOS transistor.
- the input of the switch SW4 (source of the transistor) receives the voltage V DD and the input of the switch SW3 receives the signal S2.
- the outputs of the switches SW3 and SW4 drains are connected together and deliver the signal S1 which is applied to the control input of the switch SW1.
- circuit 11 The operation of circuit 11, described in Table 2 below, is equivalent to the operation described in Table 1 above.
- the signal S2 is equal to 0 and the signal S3 equal to 1.
- the ballast switch SW2 is closed, the switch SW3 is open (transistor blocked) and the switch SW4 is closed.
- the signal S1 is at 1 (voltage V DD ) and the regulation switch SW1 is kept open.
- the signal S2 remains at 0, the signal S3 goes to 0, the switch SW3 closes and the switch SW4 opens.
- the signal S1 copies the signal S2 via the switch SW3 and the control switch SW1 closes.
- V REG S2 SW2 S3 SW3 SW4 S1 SW1 (E1) V REG ⁇ V REF2 0 closed 1 open closed 1 open (E2) V REF2 ⁇ V REG ⁇ V REF1 0 closed 0 closed open 0 closed (E3) V REG > V REF1 1 open 0 closed open 1 open
- the switch SW3 is an inhibiting switch allowing, during the first charging period E1, not to transmit to the switch SW1 the regulation signal S2, so that switch SW1 does not close.
- the switch SW4 is an auxiliary element to prevent the switch transistor gate SW1 is brought to a floating potential (high impedance) when the switch SW3 is open.
- various variants are possible depending on the mode of operation of the used switches, which may be of the type normally open, normally closed type, or type not accepting an undefined signal on the input of ordered.
- This embodiment of the circuit 11 can also be the subject of various variants with respect to the control of the inhibit switch SW3.
- the signal S3 can be delivered by a timer that is activated at the start of the regulator 10, or be delivered by the microprocessor 20 after execution of a timing program.
- the control switch SW1 remains open until the signal S3 is set to 0 by the timer or the microprocessor.
- the duration of the delay must be calculated according to the capacity of the capacitor C REG .
- this embodiment of the circuit 11 has the advantage of guaranteeing an automatic commissioning of the regulation switch SW1 when the threshold V REF2 is reached, regardless of the capacity C REG and without it being necessary to generate a timer signal by means of a timer or program.
- the signal S3 delivered by the comparator CP2 can be used by the microprocessor to monitor the state of the regulator 10. For example, the transition to 1 of the signal S1 during operation is representative of an overload of the regulator.
- the signal S3 can be logically combined with other signals emitted by the microprocessor before being applied to the inhibit switch SW3, so that the microprocessor can force the open or closed state SW1 regulator switch if necessary.
- the resistor R2 is the intrinsic resistance of the ballast switch SW2
- ballast switch can designate, in the description and the claims, a switch zero resistance connected in series with a resistor R2, or intrinsic resistance switch R2 connected in series with an additional resistor R2 b.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
- Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
- Continuous-Control Power Sources That Use Transistors (AREA)
Description
- la figure 1 précédemment décrite est le schéma électrique d'un régulateur de tension classique,
- la figure 2 est le schéma de principe d'un régulateur de tension selon l'invention, et
- la figure 3 est le schéma électrique d'un mode de réalisation d'un régulateur de tension selon l'invention.
VREG | S1 | SW1 | S2 | SW2 |
(E1) VREG < VREF2 | 1 | ouvert | 0 | fermé |
(E2) VREF2 < VREG < VREF1 | 0 | fermé | 0 ou 1 | fermé ou ouvert |
(E3) VREG > VREF1 | 1 | ouvert | 1 | ouvert |
VREG | S2 | SW2 | S3 | SW3 | SW4 | S1 | SW1 |
(E1) VREG < VREF2 | 0 | fermé | 1 | ouvert | fermé | 1 | ouvert |
(E2) VREF2 < VREG < VREF1 | 0 | fermé | 0 | fermé | ouvert | 0 | fermé |
(E3) VREG > VREF1 | 1 | ouvert | 0 | fermé | ouvert | 1 | ouvert |
Claims (10)
- Régulateur de tension (10) comprenant un condensateur (CREG) délivrant sur son anode une tension régulée (VREG), un interrupteur de régulation (SW1) pour connecter le condensateur (CREG) à une source (21) de tension (VDD), et des moyens de régulation agencés pour fermer l'interrupteur (SW1) quand la tension régulée (VREG) est inférieure à une première tension de référence (VREF1), caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :au moins un interrupteur ballast (SW2) en parallèle avec l'interrupteur de régulation (SW1), l'interrupteur ballast (SW2) présentant une résistance série (R2, R2a, R2b) supérieure à une résistance série (R1) de l'interrupteur de régulation (SW1), etdes moyens (11, CP1, CP2, SW3, SW4) pour ouvrir l'interrupteur de régulation (SW1) et fermer l'interrupteur ballast (SW2) au moins pendant une phase de démarrage du régulateur, jusqu'à ce que le condensateur (CREG) soit au moins partiellement chargé.
- Régulateur selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend des moyens (11, CP1, CP2, SW3, SW4) pour ouvrir l'interrupteur de régulation (SW1) et fermer l'interrupteur ballast (SW2) quand la tension régulée (VREG) est inférieure à une deuxième tension de référence (VREF2) inférieure à la première tension de référence (VREF1).
- Régulateur selon la revendication 2, dans lequel la deuxième tension de référence (VREF2) est une fraction de la première tension de référence (VREF1).
- Régulateur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel un signal (S2) commun de commande de l'interrupteur de régulation (SW1) et de l'interrupteur ballast (SW2) est appliqué à l'interrupteur de régulation (SW1) par l'intermédiaire d'un interrupteur inhibiteur (SW3).
- Régulateur selon la revendication 4, dans lequel l'interrupteur inhibiteur (SW3) est piloté par un signal (S3) délivré par un comparateur (CP2) recevant en entrée la tension régulée (VREG) et une deuxième tension de référence (VREF2) inférieure à la première tension de référence (VREF1).
- Régulateur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, comprenant un circuit suiveur (CP1) et un comparateur (CP2), dans lequel le circuit suiveur (CP1) reçoit en entrée la tension régulée (VREG) et la première tension de référence (VREF1) et délivre un signal de régulation (S2), le comparateur (CP2) reçoit en entrée la tension régulée (VREG) et une deuxième tension de référence (VREF2) inférieure à la première tension de référence (VREF1), le signal de régulation (S2) est appliqué sur l'entrée de commande de l'interrupteur ballast (SW2) et est appliqué sur l'entrée de commande de l'interrupteur de régulation (SW1) par l'intermédiaire d'un interrupteur inhibiteur (SW3), et la sortie du comparateur (CP2) est appliquée sur l'entrée de commande de l'interrupteur inhibiteur (SW3).
- Régulateur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, dans lequel l'interrupteur ballast (SW2) est un transistor MOS comprenant une résistance intrinsèque (R2, R2a) non négligeable formant tout ou partie de la résistance série de l'interrupteur ballast.
- Régulateur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, dans lequel la source (21) de tension (VDD) est une pile électrique.
- Circuit intégré (20), comprenant un régulateur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8.
- Microprocesseur (20), comprenant un régulateur selon l'une des revendications 1 à 8.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9911492 | 1999-09-10 | ||
FR9911492A FR2798480B1 (fr) | 1999-09-10 | 1999-09-10 | Regulateur de tension |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1083471A1 EP1083471A1 (fr) | 2001-03-14 |
EP1083471B1 true EP1083471B1 (fr) | 2004-11-17 |
Family
ID=9549834
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP00119687A Expired - Lifetime EP1083471B1 (fr) | 1999-09-10 | 2000-09-08 | Régulateur de tension |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6362609B1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP1083471B1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE60015882T2 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2798480B1 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US6501305B2 (en) * | 2000-12-22 | 2002-12-31 | Texas Instruments Incorporated | Buffer/driver for low dropout regulators |
FR2819652B1 (fr) * | 2001-01-17 | 2003-05-30 | St Microelectronics Sa | Regulateur de tension a rendement ameliore |
US6574944B2 (en) * | 2001-06-19 | 2003-06-10 | Mars Incorporated | Method and system for ultrasonic sealing of food product packaging |
US6605982B2 (en) * | 2001-06-29 | 2003-08-12 | Stmicroelectronics Inc. | Bias circuit for a transistor of a storage cell |
US6948079B2 (en) * | 2001-12-26 | 2005-09-20 | Intel Corporation | Method and apparatus for providing supply voltages for a processor |
TWI237168B (en) * | 2003-05-20 | 2005-08-01 | Mediatek Inc | Low noise fast stable voltage regulator circuit |
CN100373281C (zh) * | 2003-06-05 | 2008-03-05 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | 低噪声快速稳定的稳压电路 |
TWI233543B (en) * | 2003-10-01 | 2005-06-01 | Mediatek Inc | Fast-disabled voltage regulator circuit with low-noise feedback loop |
CN100367142C (zh) * | 2003-10-21 | 2008-02-06 | 联发科技股份有限公司 | 可快速终止工作的低噪声稳压电路 |
CN1760782A (zh) * | 2004-10-13 | 2006-04-19 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | 主机板直流线性稳压电源 |
CN100412753C (zh) * | 2004-11-20 | 2008-08-20 | 鸿富锦精密工业(深圳)有限公司 | 主机板芯片组工作电压产生电路 |
JP4757623B2 (ja) * | 2005-12-21 | 2011-08-24 | パナソニック株式会社 | 電源回路 |
US7705560B2 (en) * | 2006-08-15 | 2010-04-27 | N. P. Johnson Family Limited Partnership | Voltage controller |
JP5143483B2 (ja) * | 2007-07-03 | 2013-02-13 | ルネサスエレクトロニクス株式会社 | 昇圧回路、およびその昇圧回路を備える集積回路 |
US20090079406A1 (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2009-03-26 | Chaodan Deng | High-voltage tolerant low-dropout dual-path voltage regulator with optimized regulator resistance and supply rejection |
KR100915830B1 (ko) * | 2008-03-12 | 2009-09-07 | 주식회사 하이닉스반도체 | 반도체 집적 회로 |
US8729876B2 (en) * | 2010-01-24 | 2014-05-20 | Himax Technologies Limited | Voltage regulator and related voltage regulating method thereof |
US8384465B2 (en) | 2010-06-15 | 2013-02-26 | Aeroflex Colorado Springs Inc. | Amplitude-stabilized even order pre-distortion circuit |
US20110309808A1 (en) | 2010-06-16 | 2011-12-22 | Aeroflex Colorado Springs Inc. | Bias-starving circuit with precision monitoring loop for voltage regulators with enhanced stability |
RU2467376C1 (ru) * | 2011-06-08 | 2012-11-20 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Констайлс" (ООО "Констайлс") | Регулятор напряжения |
JP2013186721A (ja) * | 2012-03-08 | 2013-09-19 | Toyota Motor Corp | 電源回路とそれを用いた電子制御装置 |
JP6648489B2 (ja) * | 2015-10-30 | 2020-02-14 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | バッファー回路、半導体集積回路装置、発振器、電子機器及び基地局 |
US10317921B1 (en) * | 2018-04-13 | 2019-06-11 | Nxp Usa, Inc. | Effective clamping in power supplies |
CN114584117A (zh) * | 2020-11-30 | 2022-06-03 | 开元通信技术(厦门)有限公司 | 一种射频开关接口id选择电路 |
Family Cites Families (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0031583B1 (fr) * | 1979-12-26 | 1988-08-17 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Circuit d'attaque pour dispositif couplé par charge |
DE3876923D1 (de) * | 1987-09-30 | 1993-02-04 | Siemens Ag | Schaltung zur kurzzeitigen erhoehung einer geregelten betriebsspannung beim einschalten und bei spannungseinbruechen. |
US5001484A (en) * | 1990-05-08 | 1991-03-19 | Triquint Semiconductor, Inc. | DAC current source bias equalization topology |
US5698973A (en) * | 1996-07-31 | 1997-12-16 | Data General Corporation | Soft-start switch with voltage regulation and current limiting |
-
1999
- 1999-09-10 FR FR9911492A patent/FR2798480B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2000
- 2000-09-08 US US09/658,337 patent/US6362609B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-08 DE DE60015882T patent/DE60015882T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2000-09-08 EP EP00119687A patent/EP1083471B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2798480A1 (fr) | 2001-03-16 |
EP1083471A1 (fr) | 2001-03-14 |
FR2798480B1 (fr) | 2001-10-26 |
US6362609B1 (en) | 2002-03-26 |
DE60015882T2 (de) | 2005-12-08 |
DE60015882D1 (de) | 2004-12-23 |
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