EP1074175B1 - Distributor for the residues of crops ejected from a combine - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a combine harvester with a distributor for ejected crop residues, especially straw, the Distributor two rotatably mounted elements, each with one or several radial ribs to distribute the crop residues has and around a transverse to the forward direction Axis is pivotally attached to the combine harvester so that the rotatable elements between a substantially horizontal Manifold position and a raised swath position is movable, with an upper shield being worn, so that it can be pivoted with the distributor and at a distance is arranged above the rotatably mounted elements limit an upward distribution of straw.

Handling crop residues, i. H. Straw and chaff, at the harvest will increase with the use of agricultural practices diminished or dropped Soil cultivation (non-tillage) of increasing importance. Through a wide distribution of the crop residues, in contrast to Placing the crop residue in a narrow swath immediately behind the combine harvester, the crop residues become more even spread over the floor. This will give benefits during the Spring planting time reached, including larger ones Uniformity of soil temperature and greater uniformity the basic conditions for operating sowing equipment. It is known the crop residue on the back of the combine with one or two rotating discs. The rotating discs distribute the remnants over a wide Area behind the combine. Such distributors work well as long as the operator intends to distribute the leftovers. If the operator collects the remains for later collection in one It is often necessary to remove the swath To remove a clear path for the distributor Provide crop residues so that they fall to the ground can. It is a time consuming process.

DE 298 22 621 U describes a chaff spreader for one Combine harvester with impellers inside a housing are arranged, of which wings extend radially outwards extend. The bottom and top surfaces of the housing are equipped with a series of passages through which the Cleaning wind should flow out. The chaff spreader is between an operating position and a non-operating position in which horizontal and transverse to the direction of travel of the Combine axis pivoted back and up is rotatable.

EP 0 748 583 A describes a combine harvester with a Shown axial separation device, the rear end with Knives cooperate to shred the straw. Below there is one at the end of the axial separating device Distribution device, the structure of which is not disclosed in more detail is. It is also horizontal and transverse to Axis running in the direction of travel to an inoperative position pivotable. It is just a single axial separator and discloses a single distributor.

The US 5 082 186 A shows a mower with a combined chaff and straw spreader. Both are coaxial arranged one above the other. The straw distributor consists of a Washer with ribs attached. A gift in one Swath placement position is not disclosed.

The object underlying the invention is seen in to provide a distributor that is easily between one Distribution position in which the crop residues are distributed and a damage deposit position in which the crop remains from Combine harvesters are placed in a narrow swath, is spendable.

This object is achieved by the teaching of the claim 1 solved, wherein in the further claims Features are listed that are the solution in an advantageous manner develop.

The distributor according to the invention is rotating Discs fitted to the back of the combine are attached. The disks have at least one raised one radial rib to intervene in the crop residues and them to distribute when they turn. The rotating disks also act as a fan and generate an air flow, to further distribute the crop residues. The distributor is over one transverse to the forward direction of travel and usually horizontal running axis rotatably attached to the combine. to The swath will be the distributor with the disc or the Discs for distributing crop residues, especially straw, pivoted into a raised position in which the Crop remains in front of the distributor from the combine on the Can fall. The distributor is essentially in the horizontal distributor position, the crop residues are over spread a large width. This way you get one Manifold that easily and quickly from the manifold position in the swath placement position can be moved, and vice versa. There is also an upper shield on the distributor, in particular on the frame, attached at a distance above the element to Spreading the straw is arranged to eject the To prevent crop residues upwards. A divider of the top Shielding is used to separate the flow of crop residues between the two disks.

The rotatable disc can be arranged in a frame that around that across the forward direction of the combine extending axis is pivotable.

Side shields can also be located laterally from the upper shield to the outside over the side walls of the Combine extend beyond to distribute the To control crop residues. Front shields can be on Combine in front of the side shields and outside of the Side walls may be attached. It makes sense to swivel the distributor through Support gas cylinder. The distributor can be in the Distribution position can be locked, especially by a Hold-down bar, the effect of the gas pressure cylinder counteracts. The can also be in the swath position Distributors can be locked with a suitable bolt.

Fig. 1

eine Seitenansicht eines Mähdreschers mit einem erfindungsgemäßen Verteiler für Erntegutreste;

Fig. 2

eine Draufsicht auf den Verteiler in der Verteil-Position;

Fig. 3

eine Ansicht des Verteilers in der Verteil-Position von unten;

Fig. 4

eine perspektivische Ansicht des Verteilers in der Schwadablage-Position.

In the drawings, an embodiment of the invention described in more detail below is shown. It shows:

Fig. 1

a side view of a combine harvester with a distributor for crop residues according to the invention;

Fig. 2

a plan view of the distributor in the distribution position;

Fig. 3

a view of the distributor in the distribution position from below;

Fig. 4

a perspective view of the distributor in the swath position.

In Figure 1, an agricultural combine 10 is shown. Combine 10 has, among other things, a carrier structure a pair of vertical side walls 12, of which in Figure 1 only one is shown. Combine 10 is also engaged wheels 14 on the ground. A cutter 16 is used to harvest crops and transfer them to a feeder 18 supply. The crop is picked up by the inclined conveyor 18 fed to a guide drum 20. The guide drum 20 guides that Up well, through the inlet transition area 22 into a rotatable crop processing unit 24. A stone trap 25 is between the feeder 18 and the guide drum 20th positioned. In the following, directional information (such as in front of, behind, etc.) on the forward direction of the Combine 10.

The rotatable crop processing unit 24 threshes and separates it harvested crop. It comprises a rotor 26 or a rotating one Element that is radially encased by a housing 28. The rotor and housing 28 together define one Inlet area 30, a threshing area 32 and one Separation area 34. The rotor 26 comprises a hollow, cylindrical one Drum with a variety of processing elements, which in engage the material and rotate it in the housing 28. The floor of housing 28 has a concave 36 under the threshing area 32 and a dividing grate 38 under the dividing area 34.

Grain and chaff through the concave 36 and the grating 38 fall, are fed to a cleaning device 40. The Cleaning device 40 comprises in a known manner Blower, an upper sieve and a lower sieve. The air flow of the Blower flows through the lower and upper sieve, so that the Chaff is blown up and back while the grain is made possible by the top and bottom sieve in one Fall elevator (not shown) for clean grain. The Elevator for clean grain puts the clean grain in one Grain tank 48 from. The clean grain in the grain tank 48 can pass through an unloading screw conveyor 50 on a trailer or Trucks are unloaded. The operation of the combine 10 is controlled from the operator's cab 56.

Threshed and separated crop residues are separated by a Outlet 52 from the rotatable crop processing unit 24 Dispensing drum 54 fed. The delivery drum 54 in turn promotes the crop residues through a lower rear opening 60 behind the cleaning device 40 from the combine 10 out. A distributor 62 is at the opening 60 to the Side walls 12 attached. If the distributor 62 in the Distribution position, he receives the crop residues and spreads them over a wide area behind the combine 10. During the distributor 62 in connection with a combine 10 is shown with a rotatable separator, the distributor 62 according to the invention also on combine harvesters with others Types of separators, including straw walkers, be used.

The carrier structure of the combine 10 comprises two outer ones Side plates 66 and 68 and an upright front plate 70 which are attached to the side walls 12 of the combine 10, such as shown in Figure 3. A frame 74 of the distributor 62 is on Pivot points 76 articulated on the side plates 55, 68, wherein there is a pivot point 76 on each side of the distributor 62. The frame 74 includes two inner side plates 78 and 80 and a lower plate 82. The two pivot points 76 couple the inner side plates 78 and 80 of frame 74 to the outer Side plates 66, 68 and define a transverse (to Longitudinal direction of the combine 10) pivot axis 84.

Hydraulic motors 86 are on the lower plate 82 of the Frame 74 attached. Each motor 86 has an output shaft 90, down from the motor 86, under the lower plate 82, extends. One disk 92 is attached to each of the Output shafts 90 coupled to rotate with them. The Discs 92 are made with raised radial ribs 94. The disks 92 rotate in opposite directions, as indicated by the arrows is indicated in Figure 2. Optional cutting edges 100 can the radial ribs 94 fastened with fasteners 102 through openings 98 in the ribs 94 extend. The cutting edges 100 can be on some or all of the Ribs 94 are attached as long as the washers 92 stay balanced. The combine 10 through the opening 60 leaving crop residues are from the ribs 94 and Cutting 100 of the rotating disks 92 captured to the To promote crop residues and across a wide breadth behind the Distribute combine 10. The cutting edges 100 act as Blower to suck air from the combine 10 and one to generate airflow directed to the rear and to the sides and in this way the storage of the crop residues support.

A shroud is above and around disks 92 provided to guide the crop residues when distributing to support. The casing includes an upper one Shield 104 over each disc 92, behind the shafts 90. Each upper shield 104 is a plurality of Fasteners 106 with screws and nuts with the lower plate 82 connected. The top shields 104 are essentially made up of three sections, a middle one Section 110 of shield 104, an inner section 116 shield 104 and an outer portion 120 of FIG Shield 104. The three sections 110, 116 and 120 are in essential triangular shape. The top shields 104 are preferably die-cut as a single piece Sheet metal with a fold (crease) 112 between the middle Section 110 and inner section 116 and a fold (Kink) 114 between the middle section 110 and the outer portion 120 made. The sections could too manufactured as separate, screwed components become. The middle section 110 has a leading edge 111, which is attached to the lower plate 82.

The three sections 110, 116, 120 of the upper shield 104 slope down from the leading edge 111. The inner ones Sections 116 also lean toward an inner lower corner 122, while the outer sections 120 extend to the outer incline lower corners 124. The inner sections 116 and the outer sections 120 have a greater slope below as the middle sections 110. The inner lower Corners 112 are slightly lower than the outer lower ones Corners 124.

A divider 130 between the two upper shields 104 extends from the middle and inner sections 110, 116 in the direction of the discs 92 downward, as on can best be seen from FIG. 4. The divider 130 serves to separate the flow of crop residues between the two Discs 92.

Side shields 134 are along outer edges 136 of FIG upper shields 104 attached. The side shields 134 first extend upwards and then protrude from the outer edges 136 outward. Additional front Shields 140 (Figure 3) are in front of the side Shields 134 are provided. The front shields 140 are attached to the side walls 12 of the combine and extend beyond the side walls 12 to the outside. A Apron 138 may be added to front shields 104 become and hang down from them. The top Shields 104, side shields 134 and front Shields 140 prevent crop residues from going up be spread.

A lower plate 154, Figure 3, extends on the Rear of the cleaning system 40 in front of the panes 92 below. The lower plate 154 has an upper metal section 156 and a lower, hanging apron 158. The apron 158 gives the plate 154 flexibility in accessing areas of combine 10 in front of plate 154. Lower plate 154 helps to prevent crop residues from being deposited to the front.

The frame 74 of the distributor 62 has a distribution position, such as it is shown in Figures 1 to 3, in which the waves 90 substantially vertical and the washers 92 substantially are oriented horizontally. It is the Operating position for distribution, in the crop residues from the Combine 10 received by discs 92 and through them be distributed. In this position, the behind the Cleaning device 40 provided sheathing of the disks 92 and the lower plate 154 of the combine 10 the rotating Disks 92, air from the cleaning device 40 des Combine 10 to suck.

The frame 74 is about the pivot axis 84 in a rear, raised position rotatable, which is shown in Figure 3. This is a damage deposit position in which the disks 92 are not be rotated. The crop remains from the combine 10 it allows from the combine 10 directly to the ground to fall without being spread over a wide area. As a result, the crop remains in a swath left to collect later. Gas cylinder 142 are provided on each side of manifold 62 to raising the manifold 62 to the swath position facilitate. The gas pressure cylinders 142 extend between the frame 74 and the front plate 70 of the support structure of the Combine 10. The gas pressure cylinders 142 set one Biasing force on the frame 74 ready to insert the frame into the Swath position. Others can Bias mechanisms are used like a spring. Moreover can also be a powered lifting mechanism like a hydraulic cylinder or a motorized linkage (or coupling) can be used.

A hold-down bar 146 extends between the frame of combine 10 above distributor 62 and the top Shields 104. The hold down latch 146 holds the manifold 62 against the force of the gas pressure cylinder 142 in the distribution position. The hold-down bar 146 is released manually, to allow the distributor 62 to swath position to rotate.

An upper latch 150 (Figure 3) on the frame of the combine 10 ensures that the manifold 62 is in the swath position remains, and that the weight of the distributor 62 and Vibration forces not only from the gas pressure cylinders 142 must be included. The upper latch 150 acts with a Stop rail 152 together on the hold-down bar 146 to the Hold frame 74 in the swath position. The bar 150 is manually released to the manifold 62 in the Turn down the distribution position. As soon as the latch 150 is released, the operator presses the upper shields 104 manually down against the gas pressure cylinder 142 to the Distributor 62 back to the distribution position spend. The hold-down bar 146 then becomes manual indented to the manifold 62 in the distributing position hold. One person can position the distributor 62 from the distribution position easily into the swath position in seconds spend or vice versa.

The distributor 62 according to the invention acts to remove crop residues effectively and evenly over a wide area on the Distribute the back of the combine 10. In addition, the Manifold 62 easily placed in a swath placement position without the distributor 62 from the combine 10 too remove. This avoids the difficult and time consuming Process that is often required when desired to deposit the crop residues in a swath.

Claims (10)

1. A combine (10) with a spreader (62) for discharged crop residues, in particular straw, the spreader (62) comprising two rotatably carried elements with one or more radial ridges (94), respectively, for dispersing the crop residues, the spreader (62) being pivotally mounted to the combine (10) for rotation about an axis extending transversely to the forward direction of the combine (10) such that the rotatable elements can be moved between a generally horizontal spreading position and a raised windrowing position, whereby a top shroud (104) is carried for pivotal movement with the spreader (62) and spaced above the rotatably supported elements to limit upward dispersal of the straw, characterized in that the rotatable elements are disks (92) over the surface of which the ridges (94) extend, and that the top shroud (104) comprises a divider (130) projecting downward between two disks (92) for dispersing the crop residues to divide the flow of straw between the two disks (92).
2. A combine (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the disk (92) is arranged in a pivotable frame (74) of the spreader (62).
3. A combine (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that the top shroud (104) is carried by the frame (74).
4. A combine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by side shrouds (134) extending laterally beyond the structure of the combine (10) and carried by the spreader (62), in particular by the frame (74), for pivotal movement with the spreader (62).
5. A combine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by front shrouds (140) preferably forward of the side shrouds (134) and outboard of the structure of the combine (10), the front shrouds (134) being fixedly mounted to the structure of the combine (10).
6. A combine (10) according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the top shroud (104) includes three inclined sections (110, 116, 120) joined to each other forming a center section (110), an inner section (116) and an outer section (120) above the disk (92) for dispersing the crop residues.
7. A combine (10) according to claim 6, characterized in that the sections (110, 116, 120) are generally triangular in shape.
8. A combine (10) according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the center section (110) is sloped downward and rearward from the frame (74) and the inner and outer sections (116, 120) slope downward from the center section (110) at a greater slope that the center section (110) to inner and outer lower corners respectively, whereby the inner lower corner is preferably lower than the outer lower corner.
9. A combine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized by a means for lifting the spreader (62) to the windrowing position, preferably gas assist cylinders (142).
10. A combine (10) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the spreader (62) can be latched in the spreading position and/or the windrowing position.

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