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EP1070918B1 - Apparatus for burning and gasifying solid biomass fuel - Google Patents

Apparatus for burning and gasifying solid biomass fuel Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1070918B1
EP1070918B1 EP00890225A EP00890225A EP1070918B1 EP 1070918 B1 EP1070918 B1 EP 1070918B1 EP 00890225 A EP00890225 A EP 00890225A EP 00890225 A EP00890225 A EP 00890225A EP 1070918 B1 EP1070918 B1 EP 1070918B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
air
bale
combustion
burning
air nozzles
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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EP00890225A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP1070918A1 (en
Inventor
Georg Dr. Beckmann
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GREENPOWER Anlagenerrichtungs- und Betriebs-GmbH
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GREENPOWER ANLAGENERRICHTUNGS
GREENPOWER Anlagenerrichtungs- und Betriebs-GmbH
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Priority to AT00890225T priority Critical patent/ATE295509T1/en
Publication of EP1070918A1 publication Critical patent/EP1070918A1/en
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
    • F23G7/10—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals of field or garden waste or biomasses
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L1/00—Passages or apertures for delivering primary air for combustion 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
    • F23G2203/00—Furnace arrangements
    • F23G2203/80—Furnaces with other means for moving the waste through the combustion zone
    • F23G2203/803—Rams or pushers

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for burning and gasification of solid Biomasses in a combustion chamber according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such Method is already known from document US-A-4 421 064.
  • the bales or the biomass are largely crushed and pulverized. After a possible drying, the so prepared Biomass fed to a special stationary or circulating furnace. Different to With coal, however, this preparation is extremely expensive and energy-consuming, so it is here to a rarely used and for small systems usually too complicated procedure is.
  • the invention has therefore set itself the goal of a method for burning and To provide gasification of solid biomass in a combustion chamber in which neither consuming Boiler constructions are needed, nor a special preparation of biomass before the burning is necessary.
  • FIG. 1 shows a section through a Inventive device for carrying out the method in a first Embodiment is;
  • Fig. 2 shows the same device with a burn-up inserted bales;
  • FIG. 3 shows a section through a device for Implementation of the method of this first embodiment along the line A-A in Fig. 1.
  • the Fig. 4, 5, 6 and 7 respectively through further cuts Devices for carrying out the method according to the invention in each case further Embodiments.
  • a bale 1 pressed from biomass is introduced as a whole Closure member 2 placed in a lock chamber 3 of the device according to the invention.
  • the bale 1 by a Feed channel 5 is pushed continuously or stepwise against the combustion chamber 6.
  • the feed channel 5 z on its outside. With cold ones Combustion air or can be cooled with water.
  • the feed channel 5 is connected via a supply line 7 with an inert gas, for example with Steam or a flue gas, applied to burn back into the lock chamber. 3 to avoid.
  • an inert gas for example with Steam or a flue gas
  • a ZündT 8 arranged in the combustion chamber 6 is against the end face of the inserted bale 1 .
  • This ignition screen 8 which is designed to be heated for primary ignition can be, is only a weakly cooled surface with very good storage capacity. at Practical testing has thick refractory sheet and a refractory Masonry mass proven. Through the partially or completely occurring Combustion, the Zündhold 8 is hot and it is thereby the throwing back of Radiant heat on the bale 1 allows.
  • the amount of air is such that usually only a partial Combustion, so a gasification takes place.
  • an ash hopper 12 for collecting the left over permanent ash; this ash funnel 12 has for post-oxidation of the ash components on bottom end Ausbrandluftdüsen 13 and below an ash sluice 14 for the Burnt ash on. The ash can be removed with the aid of this ash sluice 14 become.
  • the gas released during the combustion of the biomass passes from the combustion chamber 6 a fuel gas channel 15 in a Nachverbrennungsraum 16.
  • this Nachverbrennungsraum 16 can via secondary air nozzles 17 substantially transverse to Main direction of the gas, the secondary air for complete afterburning of the gas be injected.
  • a bale 1 is inserted into the feed channel 5.
  • This Feed channel 5 has the shape of a square placed on top. This form the feed channel 5 is therefore expedient because the bale 1 on the lower sides of the Feed channel 5 rests and thus remains only in the upper area a space. loose and detached fuel parts of the bale 1 thereby accumulate in the trough of Feed channel 5 and are pushed by the next bale in the combustion chamber 6 to there to be burned or gassed.
  • a bale 1 is inserted into the combustion chamber 6.
  • a Primary air blower 19 is air via an air line 20 of a flow switch 21 fed.
  • This flow switch 21 distributes alternately the air to be blown into the Primary air ducts 22 ', 22 "and 22' '' by means of schematically illustrated trim tabs 23
  • the amount of air flow supplied can be changed individually.
  • a bale 1 is inserted into the combustion chamber 6.
  • the air nozzles 24 are not arranged directly opposite the feed channel 4 in this embodiment, but they are slightly shifted in the direction of the post-combustion chamber 16.
  • the Air nozzles 24 are inclined downwards, so that the air jets of the injected air are inclined relative to the feed direction of the bale 1.
  • the air nozzles 24 could not in Be offset in the direction of the post-combustion chamber 16, but in the direction of Ash hopper 12, wherein in this embodiment, the air nozzles 24 upwards in the direction the bale 1 would be inclined.
  • a feed device 27 pushes the bale 1 on a grate 28 'of the Combustion chamber 28.
  • the bale 1 is completely (and not successively in accordance with the burning of the bale 1) inserted into the combustion chamber 28.
  • the primary air line 30 a (only schematically illustrated) telescopic piece 31 on.
  • a bale 1 is inserted into a combustion chamber 28.
  • Air nozzles 32'and 32 " are tilted downwards and depending on the burning of the bale 1 from above down with air. This has the consequence that the injected air in each case in strikes a similar distance on the surface of the bale 1, and a uniform Burning caused.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Solid-Fuel Combustion (AREA)
  • Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zum Verbrennen und Vergasen von festen Biomassen in einem Brennraum nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Ein solches Verfahren ist aus Dokument US-A-4 421 064 schon bekannt.The invention relates to a device for burning and gasification of solid Biomasses in a combustion chamber according to the preamble of claim 1. Such Method is already known from document US-A-4 421 064.

Es ist schon seit langem das Problem bekannt, daß insbesonders die Industriestaaten zuviel Kohlendioxid emittieren. Von vielen Nationen wurde die Nutzung von festen Biomassen zur Kraft- und Wärmeerzeugung als wichtiger Beitrag zur Verminderung dieses Treibhausgases erkannt.It has long been known the problem that in particular the industrialized countries too much Emit carbon dioxide. Many nations have favored the use of solid biomass Power and heat generation as an important contribution to the reduction of this greenhouse gas recognized.

Die Nutzung von festen Biomassen, insbesondere von Stroh und Ganzjahrespflanzen, ist allerdings technisch aufwendig und teuer. Bei der Handhabung und Lagerung ist zunächst die geringe Energiedichte dieser Brennstoffe nachteilig; deswegen werden diese Brennstoffe in der Regel schon bei der Ernte kompaktiert, also z. B. in stapelbare Ballen gepreßt. Auch Altpapiere und Altkartons werden, sofern ihre Qualität derart gering ist, daß sie besser dem Papierrecycling-Prozeß entzogen werden sollten, in Ballen gepreßt und zur weiteren Behandlung zur Verfügung gestellt. Von der Verbrennungstechnik gesehen haben diese Brennstoffe, insbesondere Stroh die unangenehme Eigenschaft, daß die Verbrennung entweder sehr träge oder galoppierend erfolgt ("Strohfeuer").The use of solid biomasses, especially of straw and all-season plants, is but technically complex and expensive. When handling and storage is the first low energy density of these fuels disadvantageous; that's why these fuels are in usually already compacted at harvest, so z. B. pressed into stackable bales. Also Waste paper and used cartons are, provided that their quality is so low that they better the Paper recycling process should be withdrawn, pressed into bales and to further Treatment provided. These have been seen by combustion technology Fuels, especially straw the unpleasant property that the combustion either very lazy or galloping occurs ("straw fire").

Bei bekannten Verfahren zum Verbrennen von festen Biomassen werden die bei der Ernte kompaktierten Ballen in Scheiben geschnitten und in der Folge werden diese Scheiben auf einem Rost verbrannt.In known methods for burning solid biomass are at harvest sliced compacted bales and as a result, these slices are on burned a rust.

Da Biomasse dazu neigt, entweder sehr schlecht zu brennen, besonders wenn sie sehr feucht oder das Haufwerk schlecht gasdurchlässig ist, oder fast schlagartig zu verbrennen, ist eine spezielle Rostkonstruktion mit einer ständigen Durchmischung des Brenngutes vorzusehen, ähnlich wie bei einem Müllkessel. Diese Rostkonstruktionen, wie z. B. der Walzenrost, der Schürrost, etc. sind mechanisch aufwendig und teuer. Die gesamte Rostfläche ist auf eine niedrige Luftdurchströmgeschwindigkeit auszulegen, weil sonst örtlich die leichte Biomasse davonfliegen kann und sich sogenannte Durchblaser bilden (das sind Rostflächenbereiche, die kein Brennstoffbett aufweisen und ungenutzt von einer Luftmenge - die zur Verbrennung vorgesehen wäre - durchströmt werden). Weiters ist der große Feuerraum zu erwähnen, der mit einer Ausmauerungsmasse versehen ist, um die Zündung des Brennstoffes zu begünstigen. Das Resultat sind teuere, schwere und auch platzaufwendige Kessel, die auch eine extrem lange Vorlaufphase bis zur Vollast benötigen.Because biomass tends to burn very badly, especially if it is very humid or the debris is poorly permeable to gas, or almost instantaneously burning, is one to provide special grate construction with a continuous mixing of the kiln, similar to a wastebasket. These rust structures, such. B. the roller grate, the Schürrost, etc. are mechanically complex and expensive. The entire grate surface is on one low air flow rate interpret, because otherwise locally the light biomass can fly away and form so-called Durchblaser (these are rust surface areas, the have no fuel bed and unused by an amount of air - for combustion would be provided - are flowed through). Furthermore, the large firebox to mention, the is provided with a lining mass to the ignition of the fuel favor. The result is expensive, heavy and space consuming boiler, too need an extremely long lead-time to full load.

Bei einem weiteren bekannten Verfahren werden die Ballen bzw. die Biomasse weitgehend zerkleinert und pulverisiert. Nach einer eventuellen Trocknung wird die so aufbereitete Biomasse einer besonderen stationären oder zirkulierenden Feuerung zugeführt. Anders als bei Kohle ist aber diese Aufbereitung extrem teuer und energieaufwendig, sodaß es sich hier um ein selten angewendetes und für Kleinanlagen in der Regel zu aufwendiges Verfahren handelt.In another known method, the bales or the biomass are largely crushed and pulverized. After a possible drying, the so prepared Biomass fed to a special stationary or circulating furnace. Different to With coal, however, this preparation is extremely expensive and energy-consuming, so it is here to a rarely used and for small systems usually too complicated procedure is.

Die Erfindung hat es sich daher zum Ziel gesetzt, ein Verfahren zum Verbrennen und Vergasen von festen Biomassen in einem Brennraum zu schaffen, bei dem weder aufwendige Kesselkonstruktionen vonnöten sind, noch eine besondere Vorbereitung der Biomassen vor der Verfeuerung notwendig ist.The invention has therefore set itself the goal of a method for burning and To provide gasification of solid biomass in a combustion chamber in which neither consuming Boiler constructions are needed, nor a special preparation of biomass before the burning is necessary.

Erreicht wird dies durch die Merkmale des kennzeichnendens Teils des Anspruchs 1.This is achieved by the features of the characterizing part of claim 1.

Um eine vollständige Verbrennung des Ballen zu gewährleisten ist es zweckmäßig, daß sich der Ballen und die die Luftstrahlen steuernden Luftdüsen relativ zueinander bewegen.In order to ensure complete combustion of the bale, it is appropriate that itself the bales and the air jets controlling air jets move relative to each other.

Um den Nachschub von brennbaren Biomassen zu gewährleisten, ist es vorteilhaft, daß in einen Brennraum ein etwa waagrechter Vorschubkanal für den Ballen mündet. Dabei sind gegenüber diesem Vorschubkanal die die Luftstrahlen steuernden Luftdüsen angeordnet. Da die zu vergasenden oder zu verbrennenden festen Biomassen in der Regel aus Stroh und Ganzjahrespflanzen gepreßt werden, sind die dabei entstehenden Ballen kein vollständig homogenes Material und es besteht die Gefahr, daß sich außen liegende Partikel vom Ballen lösen. Um nun ein leichtes und vollständiges Vorschieben der Biomassen im Vorschubkanal zu gewährleisten, ist es im Rahmen der Erfindung zweckmäßig, wenn dieser Vorschubkanal im Querschnitt die Form eines auf die Spitze gestellten Rechteckes, vorzugsweise eines Quadrates aufweist. In order to ensure the supply of combustible biomass, it is advantageous that in a combustion chamber opens an approximately horizontal feed channel for the bale. There are arranged opposite this feed channel the air jets controlling air jets. There the solid biomass to be gasified or burned usually from straw and Year-round plants are pressed, the resulting bales are not complete homogeneous material and there is a risk that extraneous particles from the bale to solve. In order now to easily and completely advance the biomass in the feed channel to ensure it is expedient in the context of the invention, if this feed channel in cross-section the shape of a rectangle placed on top, preferably one Having squares.

Zum Zwecke der Initialzündung und zur Unterstützung der Verbrennung der Biomassen kann im Bereich der Luftdüsen ein Zündschirm angeordnet sein.For the purpose of initial ignition and to support the combustion of biomass can be arranged in the air nozzles a Zündschirm.

Da durch das gezielte Auftreffen von Luftstrahlen mindestens ein Brennfleck erzeugt wird, der zum Verbrennen respektive Vergasen der Biomassen führt, ist ein Weiterwandern dieses Brennfleckes auf den bzw. in den Ballen für eine möglichst vollständige Verbrennung notwendig. Um ein für den Abbrand besonders vorteilhaftes Brennverhalten zu erreichen, ist es im Rahmen der Erfindung möglich, daß die Luftstrahlen gegenüber der Vorschubrichtung des Ballens geneigt sind.Since the targeted impingement of air jets at least one focal spot is generated, which leads to the burning or gasification of the biomass, is a Weiterwandern this Burn marks on or in the bales for as complete a burn as possible necessary. In order to achieve a particularly advantageous burning behavior for the burn, is It is possible within the scope of the invention that the air jets relative to the feed direction of the bale are inclined.

Zum gleichen Zweck sind bei einer anderen Ausführungsform der Erfindung mehrere übereinander angeordnete Luftdüsen einem Steuerorgan zugeordnet, das die Luftdüsen der Reihe nach mit Luft beaufschlagt. Zusätzlich ist es für ein besonders rückstandsfreies Abbrennen (Vergasen) möglich, wenn die Luftdüsen der Reihe nach von oben nach unten in Abhängigkeit vom Abbrand der Biomassen mit Luft beaufschlagt werden.For the same purpose, in another embodiment of the invention are several superposed air nozzles associated with a control member which the air nozzles of In turn, exposed to air. In addition, it is for a particularly residue-free Burning (gasification) possible if the air nozzles in sequence from top to bottom in Depending on the combustion of the biomass be exposed to air.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform der vorliegenden Erfindung ist es möglich, daß gegenüber dem ruhenden Ballen zu diesem hin bewegbare Luftdüsen angeordnet sind. Auch bei dieser Ausführungsform wird eine relative Bewegung des Ballens und der Luftdüsen erreicht, sodaß es zu einem gewünschten möglichst rückstandsfreien Verbrennen oder Vergasen der Biomassen kommt.In a further embodiment of the present invention, it is possible that opposite the dormant bales are arranged to this movable air nozzles. Also with this Embodiment, a relative movement of the bale and the air nozzles is achieved, so that it to a desired residue as possible burning or gasifying the Biomass is coming.

Nachstehend ist die Erfindung anhand von 5 Ausführungsbeispielen beschrieben, ohne auf diese Beispiele beschränkt zu sein. Dabei stellt Fig. 1 einen Schnitt durch eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens in einer ersten Ausführungsform dar; Fig. 2 zeigt die selbe Vorrichtung mit einem zum Abbrand eingeschobenen Ballen; weiters zeigt Fig. 3 einen Schnitt durch eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung des Verfahrens dieser ersten Ausführungsform entlang der Linie A-A in Fig. 1. Die Fig. 4, 5, 6 und 7 stellen jeweils weitere Schnitte durch Vorrichtungen zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens in jeweils weiteren Ausführungsformen dar. The invention is described below with reference to 5 embodiments, without depending to be limited to these examples. Fig. 1 shows a section through a Inventive device for carrying out the method in a first Embodiment is; Fig. 2 shows the same device with a burn-up inserted bales; Furthermore, FIG. 3 shows a section through a device for Implementation of the method of this first embodiment along the line A-A in Fig. 1. The Fig. 4, 5, 6 and 7 respectively through further cuts Devices for carrying out the method according to the invention in each case further Embodiments.

Gemäß der Fig. 1 wird ein aus Biomasse gepreßter Ballen 1 im Ganzen über ein Verschlußorgan 2 in einen Schleusenraum 3 der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung gebracht. Unter Zuhilfenahme einer Vorschubeinrichtung 4 wird der Ballen 1 durch einen Vorschubkanal 5 kontinuierlich oder schrittweise gegen den Brennraum 6 geschoben.According to FIG. 1, a bale 1 pressed from biomass is introduced as a whole Closure member 2 placed in a lock chamber 3 of the device according to the invention. With the aid of a feed device 4, the bale 1 by a Feed channel 5 is pushed continuously or stepwise against the combustion chamber 6.

Nicht dargestellt ist, daß der Vorschubkanal 5 an seiner Außenseite z. B. mit kalter Verbrennungsluft oder mit Wasser gekühlt werden kann.Not shown that the feed channel 5 z on its outside. With cold ones Combustion air or can be cooled with water.

Der Vorschubkanal 5 wird über eine Zuleitung 7 mit einem innerten Gas, beispielsweise mit Dampf oder einem Rauchgas, beaufschlagt, um ein Zurückbrennen in den Schleusenraum 3 zu vermeiden.The feed channel 5 is connected via a supply line 7 with an inert gas, for example with Steam or a flue gas, applied to burn back into the lock chamber. 3 to avoid.

Gemäß der Fig. 2 ist der Ballen 1 in Verbrenn- respektive Vergasstellung in den Brennraum 6 eingeschoben.2, the bale 1 in Verbrenn- respectively gasification in the combustion chamber. 6 inserted.

Im Brennraum 6 ist gegenüber der Stirnfläche des eingeschobenen Ballens 1 ein Zündschirm 8 angeordnet. Dieser Zündschirm 8, der für eine Primärentzündung beheizbar ausgebildet sein kann, ist eine nur schwach gekühlte Fläche mit sehr gutem Speichervermögen. Bei praktischen Versuchen hat sich dickes feuerfestes Blech und eine feuerfeste Ausmauerungsmasse bewährt. Durch die teilweise oder vollständig stattfindende Verbrennung wird der Zündschirm 8 heiß und es wird dadurch das Zurückwerfen von Strahlungswärme auf den Ballen 1 ermöglicht.In the combustion chamber 6 is against the end face of the inserted bale 1 a Zündschirm 8 arranged. This ignition screen 8, which is designed to be heated for primary ignition can be, is only a weakly cooled surface with very good storage capacity. at Practical testing has thick refractory sheet and a refractory Masonry mass proven. Through the partially or completely occurring Combustion, the Zündschirm 8 is hot and it is thereby the throwing back of Radiant heat on the bale 1 allows.

Im Zündschirm 8 sind Luftdüsen 9 angeordnet, mittels derer Luftstrahlen auf die Stirnfläche des Ballens 1 gelenkt werden. Die benötigte Luft wird mittels eines Gebläses 10 und einer Luftleitung 11 eingebracht.In Zündschirm 8 air nozzles 9 are arranged, by means of which air jets on the end face of the bale 1 are steered. The required air is by means of a blower 10 and a Air line 11 introduced.

Beim Auftreffen der Luftstrahlen auf die Stirnfläche des Ballens 1 wird dort ein Brennfleck gebildet, wobei die Luftmenge so bemessen ist, daß in der Regel nur eine teilweise Verbrennung, also eine Vergasung stattfindet. Durch ein kontinuierliches oder langsames aber schrittweises Vorschieben des Ballens 1 wird jeweils die dem Zündschirm 8 naheliegende Seite des Ballens 1 verbrannt, respektive vergast. Upon impact of the air jets on the end face of the bale 1 there is a focal spot formed, the amount of air is such that usually only a partial Combustion, so a gasification takes place. By a continuous or slow though Gradual advancement of the bale 1 is in each case the Zündschirm 8 obvious Side of the bale 1 burned, respectively gassed.

Unterhalb des Brennraumes 6 befindet sich ein Aschetrichter 12 zum Auffangen der übrig bleibenden Asche; dieser Aschetrichter 12 weist zur Nachoxidation der Aschebestandteile am unteren Ende Ausbrandluftdüsen 13 und darunter eine Ascheschleuse 14 für die ausgebrannte Asche auf. Die Asche kann mit Hilfe dieser Ascheschleuse 14 entnommen werden.Below the combustion chamber 6 is an ash hopper 12 for collecting the left over permanent ash; this ash funnel 12 has for post-oxidation of the ash components on bottom end Ausbrandluftdüsen 13 and below an ash sluice 14 for the Burnt ash on. The ash can be removed with the aid of this ash sluice 14 become.

Das bei der Verbrennung der Biomassen frei werdende Gas gelangt vom Brennraum 6 über einen Brenngaskanal 15 in einen Nachverbrennungsraum 16. In diesem Nachverbrennungsraum 16 kann über Sekundärluftdüsen 17 im wesentlichen quer zur Hauptrichtung des Gases die Sekundärluft zur vollständigen Nachverbrennung des Gases eingedüst werden.The gas released during the combustion of the biomass passes from the combustion chamber 6 a fuel gas channel 15 in a Nachverbrennungsraum 16. In this Nachverbrennungsraum 16 can via secondary air nozzles 17 substantially transverse to Main direction of the gas, the secondary air for complete afterburning of the gas be injected.

Nach dieser Nachverbrennung werden in an sich bekannter Weise die heißen Rauchgase in einem nur mehr schematisch dargestellten Kessel 18 abgekühlt, wobei die dabei entstehende Wärme genutzt werden kann.After this afterburning the hot flue gases are in known manner in a boiler shown only schematically shown cooled 18, wherein the resulting Heat can be used.

Gemäß der Fig.3 ist ein Ballen 1 in den Vorschubkanal 5 eingeschoben. Dieser Vorschubkanal 5 weist die Form eines auf die Spitze gestellten Quadrates auf. Diese Form des Vorschubkanals 5 ist deswegen zweckmäßig, da der Ballen 1 auf den unteren Seiten des Vorschubkanals 5 aufliegt und sohin lediglich im oberen Bereich ein Freiraum verbleibt. Lose und abgelöste Brennstoffteile des Ballens 1 sammeln sich dadurch im Trog des Vorschubkanals 5 und werden vom nächsten Ballen in den Brennraum 6 geschoben, um dort verbrannt oder vergast zu werden.According to Figure 3, a bale 1 is inserted into the feed channel 5. This Feed channel 5 has the shape of a square placed on top. This form the feed channel 5 is therefore expedient because the bale 1 on the lower sides of the Feed channel 5 rests and thus remains only in the upper area a space. loose and detached fuel parts of the bale 1 thereby accumulate in the trough of Feed channel 5 and are pushed by the next bale in the combustion chamber 6 to there to be burned or gassed.

Gemäß der Fig. 4 ist ein Ballen 1 in den Brennraum 6 eingeschoben. Mittels eines Primärluftgebläses 19 wird über eine Luftleitung 20 einer Strömungsweiche 21 Luft zugeführt. Diese Strömungsweiche 21 verteilt alternierend die einzublasende Luft in die Primärluftleitungen 22', 22" und 22'''. Mittels schematisch dargestellter Trimmklappen 23 kann die Menge des zugeführten Luftstromes individuell verändert werden.According to FIG. 4, a bale 1 is inserted into the combustion chamber 6. By means of a Primary air blower 19 is air via an air line 20 of a flow switch 21 fed. This flow switch 21 distributes alternately the air to be blown into the Primary air ducts 22 ', 22 "and 22' '' by means of schematically illustrated trim tabs 23 The amount of air flow supplied can be changed individually.

Aufgrund des abwechselnden Einblasens von Luft durch die Luftdüsen 9', 9" und 9'" werden auf dem Ballen 1 mehrere Brennflecke erzeugt. Wird durch eine Luftdüse 9', 9" oder 9"` auf einen Brennfleck Luft zugeführt, wird zunächst ein örtliches Feuer angefacht, das bei Einblasen von Luft durch eine andere Luftdüse 9', 9" oder 9"' lediglich dahinglost bis es durch neuerliches Einblasen von Luft durch die selbe Luftdüse 9', 9" oder 9"' wie anfänglich wieder angefacht wird. Durch diese Ausführungsform entsteht quasi ein "wandernder" Brennfleck.Due to the alternating blowing of air through the air nozzles 9 ', 9 "and 9'" become produced on the bale 1 multiple focal spots. Is opened by an air nozzle 9 ', 9 "or 9" on fed a focal point air, a local fire is first ignited, the at Blowing air through another air nozzle 9 ', 9 "or 9"' only fled until it by re-blowing air through the same air nozzle 9 ', 9 "or 9"' as initially is fanned again. This embodiment creates a kind of "wandering" Focal spot.

In einer weiteren Ausführungsform (nicht dargestellt) kann die Funktion der rotierenden Strömungsweiche 21 durch ein System von individuell angesteuerten Klappen wahrgenommen werden.In a further embodiment (not shown), the function of the rotating Flow switch 21 through a system of individually controlled flaps be perceived.

Gemäß der Fig. 5 ist ein Ballen 1 in den Brennraum 6 eingeschoben. Die Luftdüsen 24 sind bei dieser Ausführungsform nicht direkt gegenüber dem Vorschubkanal 4 angeordnet, sondern sie sind etwas in Richtung des Nachverbrennungsraumes 16 verschoben. Die Luftdüsen 24 sind nach unten geneigt, sodaß auch die Luftstrahlen der eingeblasenen Luft gegenüber der Vorschubrichtung des Ballens 1 geneigt sind.According to FIG. 5, a bale 1 is inserted into the combustion chamber 6. The air nozzles 24 are not arranged directly opposite the feed channel 4 in this embodiment, but they are slightly shifted in the direction of the post-combustion chamber 16. The Air nozzles 24 are inclined downwards, so that the air jets of the injected air are inclined relative to the feed direction of the bale 1.

Bei einer nicht dargestellten weiteren Ausführungsform könnten die Luftdüsen 24 nicht in Richtung des Nachverbrennungsraumes 16 versetzt sein, sondern in Richtung des Aschetrichters 12, wobei in dieser Ausführungsform die Luftdüsen 24 nach oben in Richtung des Ballens 1 geneigt wären.In a further embodiment, not shown, the air nozzles 24 could not in Be offset in the direction of the post-combustion chamber 16, but in the direction of Ash hopper 12, wherein in this embodiment, the air nozzles 24 upwards in the direction the bale 1 would be inclined.

Nach Fig. 6 wird ein Ballen 1 mittels eines Verschlußorganes 25 in einen Schleusenraum 26 gebracht. Eine Vorschubeinrichtung 27 schiebt den Ballen 1 auf einen Rost 28' des Brennraumes 28. Bei dieser Ausführungsform wird der Ballen 1 vollständig (und nicht sukzessive entsprechend dem Abbrand des Ballens 1) in den Brennraum 28 eingeschoben. Die Beaufschlagung mit Luftstrahlen erfolgt mittels Luftdüsen 29, wobei die eingeblasene Luft den Luftdüsen 29 über eine Primärluftleitung 30 zugeführt wird. Graduell der bereits erfolgten Verbrennung bzw. Vergasung des Ballens 1 werden die Luftdüsen 29 in Richtung des immer kleiner werdenden Ballens 1 bewegt. Zu diesem Zweck weist die Primärluftleitung 30 ein (nur schematisch dargestelltes) teleskopartiges Stück 31 auf.6, a bale 1 by means of a closure member 25 in a lock chamber 26th brought. A feed device 27 pushes the bale 1 on a grate 28 'of the Combustion chamber 28. In this embodiment, the bale 1 is completely (and not successively in accordance with the burning of the bale 1) inserted into the combustion chamber 28. The application of air jets by means of air nozzles 29, wherein the injected Air is supplied to the air nozzles 29 via a primary air line 30. Gradually the already completed combustion or gasification of the bale 1, the air nozzles 29 in the direction the ever smaller bale 1 moves. For this purpose, the primary air line 30 a (only schematically illustrated) telescopic piece 31 on.

Gemäß der Fig. 7 ist ein Ballen 1 in einen Brennraum 28 eingeschoben. Luftdüsen 32'und 32" sind nach unten geneigt und werden in Abhängigkeit vom Abbrand des Ballen 1 von oben nach unten mit Luft beaufschlagt. Dies hat zur Folge, daß die eingeblasene Luft jeweils in einem ähnlichen Abstand auf die Oberfläche des Ballens 1 trifft, und einen gleichmäßigen Abbrand verursacht.According to FIG. 7, a bale 1 is inserted into a combustion chamber 28. Air nozzles 32'and 32 " are tilted downwards and depending on the burning of the bale 1 from above down with air. This has the consequence that the injected air in each case in strikes a similar distance on the surface of the bale 1, and a uniform Burning caused.

Claims (5)

  1. Device for combustion and gasifying of biomass pressed into bales (1) in a combustion chamber, in which at least one focal spot is produced by means of targeted impingement of air jets, characterized in that opposite to the free ends of a substantially level feed channel (5) for the bles(1), the air nozzles (9) for controlling the air jets are arranged, wherein means (21, 23) for changing the position and/or the intensity of the air jets as a function of the combustion of the bundles (1) are provided.
  2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that in the area of the air nozzles (9; 9', 9", 9'''; 24), a spark shield is arranged.
  3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the feed channel (5), in cross section, has the shape of a rectangle placed on its point, preferably a square.
  4. Device according to one of claims 1 through 3, characterized in that the air jets are inclined relative to the feed direction of the bundles (1).
  5. Device according to one of claims 1 through 4, characterized in that a control device is associated with multiple air nozzles (9', 9", 9''') arranged over one another, which impinges the air nozzles of the array with air.
EP00890225A 1999-07-21 2000-07-19 Apparatus for burning and gasifying solid biomass fuel Expired - Lifetime EP1070918B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT00890225T ATE295509T1 (en) 1999-07-21 2000-07-19 DEVICE FOR BURNING AND GASIZING SOLID BIOMASSES

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT49599 1999-07-21
AT0049599U AT3840U1 (en) 1999-07-21 1999-07-21 METHOD FOR BURNING AND GASIFYING SOLID BIOMASSES IN A COMBUSTION CHAMBER

Publications (2)

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EP1070918A1 EP1070918A1 (en) 2001-01-24
EP1070918B1 true EP1070918B1 (en) 2005-05-11

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EP00890225A Expired - Lifetime EP1070918B1 (en) 1999-07-21 2000-07-19 Apparatus for burning and gasifying solid biomass fuel

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EP (1) EP1070918B1 (en)
AT (1) AT3840U1 (en)
DE (1) DE50010268D1 (en)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2721057C1 (en) * 2019-10-18 2020-05-15 Юрий Викторович Яковлев Heat generating plant for heating air for technological purposes using agricultural wastes, including bale and rolled straw, as fuel

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
LT4998B (en) * 2001-04-19 2003-02-25 Edmundas �Trupaitis Solid fuel burning method and heating boiler
EP1429087A1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2004-06-16 Josef Peter Aigner District heating for a plurality of buildings with an own local energy-storage each
EP1429088B1 (en) * 2002-12-09 2005-07-20 Josef Peter Aigner Heating for solid biomass fuel
CN112268280B (en) * 2020-10-15 2023-09-22 北京鼎勝投资管理有限公司 Jet vacuum type garbage purifying burner

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2295349A1 (en) * 1974-12-19 1976-07-16 Anvar Straw bale burner equipment - feeds bales into precombustion chamber injected with primary air and supplying burner
FR2490320A1 (en) * 1980-09-13 1982-03-19 Viessmann Hans Furnace for compressed straw bales - has ash rake with scrapers for discharge through combustion chamber floor
FI64454C (en) * 1980-10-27 1983-11-10 Alpo Lehtinen UPPVAERMNINGSPANNA
DE3109923C2 (en) * 1981-03-14 1985-09-05 Heinrich 3201 Söhlde Bollmann jun. Process and device for generating energy from straw
DE3424193A1 (en) * 1984-06-30 1986-01-09 Jun Heinrich Bollmann BOILER FOR ENERGY FROM STRAW
GB8430035D0 (en) * 1984-11-28 1985-01-09 Fuel Combustion Ltd Furnace

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
RU2721057C1 (en) * 2019-10-18 2020-05-15 Юрий Викторович Яковлев Heat generating plant for heating air for technological purposes using agricultural wastes, including bale and rolled straw, as fuel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE50010268D1 (en) 2005-06-16
EP1070918A1 (en) 2001-01-24
AT3840U1 (en) 2000-08-25

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