Classifications

• • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
  • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
  • C11C—FATTY ACIDS FROM FATS, OILS OR WAXES; CANDLES; FATS, OILS OR FATTY ACIDS BY CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF FATS, OILS, OR FATTY ACIDS OBTAINED THEREFROM
  • C11C5/00—Candles
  • C11C5/002—Ingredients
  • C11C5/004—Ingredients dyes, pigments; products giving a coloured flame

Definitions

• the invention relates to a solid or liquid combustible composition, capable of burning by producing a flame of selected and varied color other than the usual color of a conventional flame.
• the present invention also relates to a candle or a colored flame lighting device prepared from said combustible composition.
• the present invention relates to a method of manufacturing a colored flame candle.
• the term candle is used to designate any lighting device, functional or decorative, consisting of a generally braided wick wrapped in combustible fusible material making it possible to produce, by burning, flames with a height generally between 2 and 4 cm.
• the combustible fusible material is composed of waxes of various origins. At present, a mixture of paraffin, stearin and, in minor proportion, beeswax and mineral wax is mainly used as a combustible fusible material.
• compositions used mainly comprise (80 to 90% by weight) of paraffin and 10 to 20% by weight of stearin, in order to improve the melting properties of the composition, to give it better compatibility between its various constituents and preventing the composition from smoking during its combustion.
• the liquid mixture rises in the wick by the phenomenon of capillarity and ignites at the end of the wick.
• the flame temperature of a conventional candle is around 1000 to 1200 ° C.
• additives can be incorporated into the combustible fusible material, for example, agents that regulate the fluidity of the combustible material in the molten state, perfumes or fragrances, such as incense.
• the chromogenic agents conventionally used for the preparation of candles with a selected flame color consist, for example, of boric acid derivatives, copper compounds, thallium compounds, etc. for a green flame, the compounds of lithium, strontium, etc. for a red flame, the 2 copper halides for a blue flame, sodium derivatives for a yellow flame, lanthanum derivatives for an orange flame, etc.
• the molten mixture can rise by capillarity in the wick and ignite at its end.
• the rate of rise of the molten material in the wick is in equilibrium with the speed of consumption of this material in the flame.
• the rate of rise of the molten material in the wick is lower than the rate of consumption, the wick dries quickly of combustible material and it ends up burning itself. As a result, the length of the wick decreases and the candle goes out. Otherwise, the arrival of combustible material at the height of the flame is such that the flame grows, descends to the level of the molten crater which itself ignites, setting fire to the whole of the candle.
• the crater of molten material must contain a homogeneous mixture of the combustible solution, therefore comprising, in addition to the conventional components of a candle, the chromogenic agent and the compound whose combustion allows the temperature to rise. flame.
• the temperature of the molten material in the crater should ideally remain constant and be sufficient to ensure the fluidity of the mixture of molten material, so that it can rise into the wick by capillarity. On the other hand, at this temperature, the mixture must not be able to ignite spontaneously, failing which, the molten crater could ignite directly, setting fire to the whole of the candle.
• a combustible composition capable of burning with a flame of selected color
• a combustible composition consisting essentially of a chromogenic agent and triethanolamine.
• the chromogenic agent can be a mixture of different chromogenic agents.
• triethanolamine can be used very advantageously as an agent capable of raising the temperature of the flame to temperatures well above 1700 ° C., a temperature sufficient to excite conventional chromogenic agents.
• triethanolamine can replace all the conventional waxes used as a combustible fusible material, that is to say that unlike other agents capable of raising the temperature of the flame which are mentioned above, triethanolamine and the chromogenic agent alone can provide the combustible composition which will be used for the manufacture of the 4 candle.
• the other conventional components of the candle (waxes, paraffin, etc.), if they are present will only be present in a minority amount of less than 50% by weight of the composition, preferably less than 20% by weight). Given the very low cost of triethanolamine compared to the conventional constituents of waxes, this represents an advantage far from being negligible.
• the Applicant has found that boric acid and its derivatives, most of the copper, thallium, tellurium, strontium, calcium, lanthanum and sodium derivatives, etc. or, more generally, the inorganic or organometallic compounds conventionally used as chromogenic agents, are largely soluble in triethanolamine. Consequently, the combustible composition according to the invention is perfectly homogeneous at the time of its preparation for the manufacture of the candle, which has the consequence that the manufacture of the candle is simplified. On the other hand, a homogeneous composition is also obtained in the crater of molten material when the candle is used, which has the consequence that the mixture rising in the wick by capillary action and burning at its end is also perfectly homogeneous.
• a combustible composition according to the invention can comprise from 1 to 99% by weight of triethanolamine and the rest of the chromogenic agent.
• triethanolamine and the chromogenic agent can alone provide a combustible composition according to the invention.
• the composition also include stearin. It has in fact been observed that the addition of stearin prevents the combustible composition from smoking during its combustion and allows better melting of the mixture.
• a combustible composition according to the invention can comprise from 1 to 98% by weight of triethanolamine, from 1 to 98% by weight of stearin and the rest of the chromogenic agent.
• triethanolamine is its perfect compatibility with the conventional components of the waxes used in candles.
• the combustible composition be as homogeneous as possible, a result which it is possible to achieve by virtue of the compositions of the present invention, unlike the solutions recommended in the prior art.
• the chromogenic agent used is an ethanolamine compound such as triethanolamine borate if it is desired to obtain a flame 5 green.
• the chromogenic agent is almost infinitely soluble in the combustible composition and by increasing the concentration of this agent, the intensity of the color can be significantly improved.
• the ethanolamine derivatives appear to burn without forming an unattractive black combustion residue around the crater of molten material.
• the chromogenic agent is a mixture of several chromogenic agents, one, several or all of these can therefore be derivatives of ethanolamine.
• the combustible composition according to the present invention can be used in numerous applications such as fuel lamps, torches, etc., or in general, as fuel for any lighting device comprising a tank comprising a wick partially submerged in said tank, however since it was originally designed for the manufacture of candles, its main use will be as a candle.
• Such colored flame candles are used at various ceremonies, parties or events for religious or decorative purposes. This is why a second aspect of the invention relates to a candle with a colored flame, characterized in that it is composed essentially of triethanolamine and of a chromogenic agent in the solid state.
• the present invention relates to a process for the manufacture of a candle comprising the following steps: a) heating the triethanolamine to a temperature between 53 and 100 ° C; b) incorporation of the chromogenic agent into triethanolamine; c) optionally, incorporation of stearin into triethanolamine; d) pouring the homogeneous mixture obtained after the two or three preceding steps into a mold in which a wick has been previously fixed; e) cooling the composition cast in the mold; and f) demolding the candle.
• steps b) and c) can be reversed or implemented simultaneously. It will also be noted that the heating of the triethanolamine (step a)) can also be implemented before, during or after steps b) and c), or according to any other combination imaginable. However, the order a), b), c) is preferred because of the slow solubilization of the chromogenic agent which can take up to 6 hours. These incorporation steps b) and c) are preferably carried out with stirring and with heating until the chromogenic agent and, if appropriate, the stearin are completely dissolved.
• the wick used is a very classic wick of the large braided type.
• the cooling of step e) can be carried out by conventional means known to those skilled in the art such as immersion in a water bath, air cooling. 6 cold, or just storage at room temperature.
• the process indicated above can comprise an additional step (g)) of coating the candle consisting of immersing the candle once demolded in a bath of coating material in the liquid state.
• the coating material consists essentially of stearin optionally comprising a dye according to the appearance which it is desired to impart to the candle itself.
• the candle can also comprise various perfumes or fragrances well known to those skilled in the art so that, during the combustion of the candle, these various perfumes or fragrances are released into the atmosphere.
• the candle be made up of several superimposed sections of different compositions (particularly with regard to the chromogenic agent), so that during combustion, the color of the flame can change.
• Example 2 Candle with a green flame. 80 ml (90 g) are introduced into a container placed in a water bath and heated to between 90 and 95 ° C. 16 g of triethanolamine borate are then added little by little and with constant stirring. Then introduced, still in small quantities and with stirring, 16 g of stearin. The mixture thus obtained is poured hot into a cylindrical mold in which a large braided wick has previously been fixed. Leave to cool in the open air and unmold.
• Example 3 Green flame candle with a coating layer.
• Example 4 The candle obtained in Example 1 or 2 is immersed in a bath of molten stearin for 5 to 10 seconds and allowed to cool. 7 Example 4.
• the wicks of the candles prepared in Examples 1 to 3 are lit.
• the flame quickly reaches steady state.
• a flame of 2 to 4 cm in height is observed, which is extremely stable.
• the flame is bright green in color and its intensity is constant throughout the burning of the candle.
• the combustion is regular and observes, during this combustion, neither increase nor decrease in the diameter of the crater of molten material.

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• Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
• Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
• Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
• Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
• Organic Chemistry (AREA)
• Fats And Perfumes (AREA)

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• 1999
  • 1999-01-19 US US09/600,741 patent/US6419713B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 1999-01-19 AU AU20421/99A patent/AU2042199A/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1999-01-19 EP EP99900842A patent/EP1049760A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 1999-01-19 WO PCT/BE1999/000005 patent/WO1999037743A1/fr not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1999-01-19 CA CA002319616A patent/CA2319616A1/fr not_active Abandoned

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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