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EP1026380A2 - Combustion engine with a supply device for a combustion medium - Google Patents

Combustion engine with a supply device for a combustion medium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1026380A2
EP1026380A2 EP00100513A EP00100513A EP1026380A2 EP 1026380 A2 EP1026380 A2 EP 1026380A2 EP 00100513 A EP00100513 A EP 00100513A EP 00100513 A EP00100513 A EP 00100513A EP 1026380 A2 EP1026380 A2 EP 1026380A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
combustion engine
internal combustion
additive
exhaust gas
fuel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP00100513A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1026380A3 (en
EP1026380B1 (en
Inventor
Werner Engeler
Olaf Bechmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of EP1026380A2 publication Critical patent/EP1026380A2/en
Publication of EP1026380A3 publication Critical patent/EP1026380A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1026380B1 publication Critical patent/EP1026380B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D19/00—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F02D19/12—Controlling engines characterised by their use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures peculiar to engines working with non-fuel substances or with anti-knock agents, e.g. with anti-knock fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
    • F01N13/009—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate purifying devices arranged in series
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/0231—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles using special exhaust apparatus upstream of the filter for producing nitrogen dioxide, e.g. for continuous filter regeneration systems [CRT]
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2430/00—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics
    • F01N2430/04—Influencing exhaust purification, e.g. starting of catalytic reaction, filter regeneration, or the like, by controlling engine operating characteristics by adding non-fuel substances to combustion air or fuel, e.g. additives
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/08—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous
    • F01N3/10—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust
    • F01N3/24—Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for rendering innocuous by thermal or catalytic conversion of noxious components of exhaust characterised by constructional aspects of converting apparatus
    • F01N3/28—Construction of catalytic reactors
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/0025—Controlling engines characterised by use of non-liquid fuels, pluralities of fuels, or non-fuel substances added to the combustible mixtures
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02D—CONTROLLING COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02D41/00—Electrical control of supply of combustible mixture or its constituents
    • F02D41/02—Circuit arrangements for generating control signals
    • F02D41/021—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine
    • F02D41/0235—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/027—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus
    • F02D41/029—Introducing corrections for particular conditions exterior to the engine in relation with the state of the exhaust gas treating apparatus to purge or regenerate the exhaust gas treating apparatus the exhaust gas treating apparatus being a particulate filter

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an internal combustion engine with a Supply device for a combustion medium.
  • the exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine in particular a diesel internal combustion engine, contain mainly carbon-containing substances in addition to other pollutants Particles, namely soot particles, which increasingly arise when combustion is incomplete.
  • Particles namely soot particles
  • they are removed by means of a particle filter arranged in the exhaust pipe flowing exhaust gas filtered and collected on the particulate filter. This is problematic because the collected particulate filters affect the exhaust gas flow and one Build back pressure that the function of the exhaust pipe and also the Disturb the internal combustion engine considerably and in extreme cases can put it out of function.
  • the invention has for its object in an internal combustion engine stabilize the current regeneration function.
  • the particles are continuously burned off and thus the particle filter is continuously regenerated in a combustion temperature range which is lower by the effectiveness of the additive than the temperature range at which the particles are Burn the missing additive.
  • the particle mass that accumulates in each case is not sufficient when it is burned to generate temperatures so high that the particle filter could overheat and be damaged.
  • the functional range is thus shifted to lower temperatures and thus further away from a critical temperature range.
  • the invention also relates to a method for reducing harmful Components in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine according to claims 9 to 12, the comparable advantages.
  • the additive can consist of one or more active ingredients exist, and it can be the combustion medium in the particulate filter upstream area. It finds a good mix and Even distribution of the additive in the combustion medium takes place when the additive the fuel, especially in the supply line, or directly into the combustion chamber Internal combustion engine is introduced.
  • the function is further improved and stabilized when the supply amount of the additive is regulated depending on the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine such as on the size of the output and / or on the Operating temperatur.
  • the drawing shows an exhaust system, generally designated 1, which is in shape an exhaust pipe 2 from an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine 3, in the form of an Otto engine with several, for. B. four cylinders 4, extends, which are shown as combustion chambers 4a, to each of which one Combustion air supply line 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d extending from one branch feed line 5, in which an air filter, not shown is arranged. Each extends from the combustion chambers 4a Exhaust line branch 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, which open into the common exhaust pipe 2 and parts of the exhaust pipe 2.
  • the internal combustion engine 3 is a supply device 7 for a Associated combustion medium, which consists of a fuel / air mixture and leaves the internal combustion engine 3 as exhaust gas.
  • a fuel tank 8 provided by a fuel supply line 9 and a fuel return line 11 with the injection valves, not shown, of the cylinders 4 connected is.
  • the supply device 7 is a pump, not shown assigned the injection pressure in the fuel required for the injection generated and also the promotion of fuel from the fuel tank 8 to the Injectors and the return of the fuel in the return line 11 to Tank can cause.
  • the supply device 7 is a feed device 12 for an agent or Assigned additive, which is described below and the Combustion medium in the area of the supply device 7 by a suitable one Dosing device is supplied, the additive in the fuel tank 8 or in the Combustion chambers 4a of the cylinder 4 or on the paths in between are supplied can.
  • the feed device 12 has one Storage container 13 for the additive, which through a connecting line 14 with the Feed line 9 is connected, the metering device in the Connection line 14 is provided, e.g. in the form of a metering pump 15.
  • the amount of the additive that the dosing device sets in functional mode can be constant or depending on certain operating parameters of the internal combustion engine 3 and / or their environment may be variable, particularly depending on the particular Power size of the internal combustion engine 3 can be regulated.
  • the exhaust gas emitted by the internal combustion engine 3 flows into Flow direction 16 through the exhaust pipe 2.
  • a Oxidation catalyst 17 and a particle filter 18 arranged one behind the other that the Exhaust gas first reaches the oxidation catalytic converter 17, flows through it and then arrives at the particle filter 18 and flows through it.
  • the oxidation catalyst 17 and the particle filters 18 are each arranged in a housing 17a, 18a, the Cross-sectional size a multiple of the cross-sectional size from in front of the housing 17a, between the housings 17a, 18a and preferably also after the housing 18a in particular coaxially arranged exhaust pipe sections 2e, 2f, 2g.
  • the particle filter 18 filters particles from the exhaust gas and collects them on the actual filter body in the usual way, the exhaust gas the filter body flows through.
  • the oxidation catalytic converter 17 works with an excess of oxygen that passes through a correspondingly lean fuel / combustion air ratio or by a so-called secondary air supply in the area up to the oxidation catalytic converter 17 can be provided.
  • the exhaust gas flows through the oxidation catalyst 17, the excess oxygen serving for the oxidation of C0 and HC and a nitrogen oxide component such as NO 2 leaving the oxidation catalyst 17 in the exhaust gas.
  • the particle filter 18 forms with the oxidation catalytic converter 17 connected upstream of it a so-called CRT system (continuous regenerating trap), which contributes to burning off and converting the particles consisting mainly of carbon on the particle filter 18 in a manner to be described.
  • CRT system continuous regenerating trap
  • the additive supplied by the feed device 12 is a one that lowers the ignition temperature of the particles.
  • Organometallic compounds very beneficial, e.g. Iron octoate, ferrocene or cerium compounds.
  • the function of the internal combustion engine 3 and the exhaust system 1 is as follows.
  • the internal combustion engine 3 is operated in the sense described above with a lean fuel / air mixture or it can be operated, for example, essentially stoichiometrically if secondary air from a supply line, not shown, is introduced into the exhaust line 2 before the exhaust gas reaches the oxidation catalytic converter 17.
  • the latter oxidizes N0 to N0 x or N0 2 , which causes the exhaust gas to the particle filter 18 to continuously burn off the particles on the particle filter 18, the particle filter 18 being regenerated.
  • the regeneration starts at lower temperatures, which reduces the average regeneration temperature, and the particle mass that has accumulated in the meantime is not sufficient for the particle filter 18 to burn off heat to a damaging temperature. It can thus be seen that the continuous regeneration brought about by the CRT system and the lowering of the ignition temperature of the particles complement one another advantageously and, at relatively low temperatures, lead to a continuous, failure-prone and stable regeneration of the particle filter 18, the materials of the exhaust system 1 from lower temperatures are claimed and a long service life is achieved with good function of reducing the harmful components in the exhaust gas.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Valve-Gear Or Valve Arrangements (AREA)
  • Portable Nailing Machines And Staplers (AREA)

Abstract

I.C. engine (3) has a fuel tank (8) and a supply device (7) for a combustion medium which is fed to a combustion chamber (4a) of the engine as fuel and air and expelled into an exhaust gas line (2) connected to the combustion chamber. An oxidation catalyst (17) and a particle filter (18) are arranged in the exhaust gas line (2) in the flow direction (16). A feed device (12) feeds an additive that reduces the ignition temperature of the particles to the combustion medium after the fuel has left the tank and before the combustion medium reaches the particle filter. An Independent claim is also included for a process for reducing harmful components in I.C. engine exhaust gas.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Versorgungseinrichtung für ein Verbrennungsmedium.The invention relates to an internal combustion engine with a Supply device for a combustion medium.

Die Abgase einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine, enthalten neben anderen Schadstoffen auch hauptsächlich Kohlenstoff enthaltende Partikel, nämlich Rußpartikel, die vermehrt bei unvollständiger Verbrennung entstehen. Um zu vermeiden, daß die Partikel mit dem Abgas aus der Abgasleitung ausströmen, werden sie mittels eines in der Abgasleitung angeordneten Partikelfilters aus dem strömenden Abgas gefiltert und am Partikelfilter gesammelt. Dies ist problematisch, da die gesammelten Partikelfilter die Abgasströmung beeinträchtigen und einen Gegendruck aufbauen, der die Funktion der Abgasleitung und auch der Brennkraftmaschine erheblich stören und im Extremfall außer Funktion setzen kann.The exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine, contain mainly carbon-containing substances in addition to other pollutants Particles, namely soot particles, which increasingly arise when combustion is incomplete. In order to avoid that the particles with the exhaust gas flow out of the exhaust pipe, they are removed by means of a particle filter arranged in the exhaust pipe flowing exhaust gas filtered and collected on the particulate filter. This is problematic because the collected particulate filters affect the exhaust gas flow and one Build back pressure that the function of the exhaust pipe and also the Disturb the internal combustion engine considerably and in extreme cases can put it out of function.

Es ist deshalb erforderlich, die Partikel im Partikelfilter zu beseitigen, was beim Stand der Technik durch eine spontane oder kontinuierliche Regeneration des Partikelfilters erfolgt. Hierbei werden die Partikel abgebrannt und umgesetzt.It is therefore necessary to remove the particles in the particle filter the technology through spontaneous or continuous regeneration of the particle filter he follows. The particles are burned off and converted.

Bei einer spontanen Regeneration, die insbesondere bei einer Temperatursteigerung selbsttätig oder mittels einer Heiz- oder Zündvorrichtung gezielt herbeigeführt werden kann, können sehr hohe Spitzentemperaturen erreicht werden, die den Partikelfilter überhitzen und dauerhaft beschädigen bzw. zerstören können.With spontaneous regeneration, especially when the temperature rises be brought about automatically or by means of a heating or ignition device can, very high peak temperatures can be reached that the particulate filter can overheat and permanently damage or destroy.

Um dies zu vermeiden ist bereits ein sogenanntes CRT-System entwickelt worden, bei dem dem Partikelfilter ein Oxidationskatalysator, der eine Stickoxydkomponente erzeugt, vorgeschaltet ist, wobei die Partikel mit N02 kontinuierlich umgesetzt werden. Hierdurch läßt sich die Ansammlung von Partikeln und damit auch eine spontane Regeneration vermeiden. To avoid this, a so-called CRT system has already been developed, in which an oxidation catalyst, which generates a nitrogen oxide component, is connected upstream of the particle filter, the particles being reacted continuously with NO 2 . In this way, the accumulation of particles and thus spontaneous regeneration can be avoided.

Es ist außerdem bereits vorgeschlagen worden, die Zündtemperatur der Partikel durch die Zugabe eines Additivs zu vermindern, das z.B. in den Brennraum eingegeben werden kann. Bei der Verwendung eines Additivs setzt aufgrund der Verminderung der Zündtemperatur der Partikel deren Spontanregeneration bereits bei niedrigeren Temperaturen ein. Sowohl das CRT-System als auch die Additivierung arbeiten unter ungünstigen Betriebsbedingungen unbefriedigend. Unbefriedigende Betriebsbedingungen sind im Betrieb eines Verbrennungsmotors, der insbesondere als Fahrzeugantrieb eingesetzt wird, nicht zu vermeiden und bei heutigen schwierigen Verkehrsbedingungen, insbesondere im Stadtverkehr, die Regel. Deshalb besteht auch beim bekannten CRT-System und auch bei der bekannten Additivierung die Gefahr, daß der Partikelfilter sich zusetzt, und/oder die Gefahr, daß ein spontaner unkontrollierter Abbrand entsteht, der den Partikelfilter überhitzt und schädigt.It has also been proposed to determine the ignition temperature of the particles to reduce the addition of an additive e.g. entered into the combustion chamber can be. When using an additive, due to the reduction in Ignition temperature of the particles, their spontaneous regeneration even at lower ones Temperatures. Both the CRT system and the additives work under unfavorable operating conditions unsatisfactory. Unsatisfactory Operating conditions are in the operation of an internal combustion engine, which in particular as Vehicle drive is used, unavoidable and difficult today Traffic conditions, especially in city traffic, the rule. That is why it also exists in the known CRT system and also in the known additives the risk that the particle filter clogs up and / or the risk of a spontaneous uncontrolled Burning occurs, which overheats and damages the particle filter.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, bei einer Brennkraftmaschine der vorliegenden Art die Funktion der kontinuierlichen Regeneration zu stabilisieren.The invention has for its object in an internal combustion engine stabilize the current regeneration function.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Preferred Embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Brennkraftmaschine findet aufgrund des Vohandenseins des NO2 und des Additivs ein kontinuierliches Abbrennen der Partikel und somit eine kontinuierliche Regeneration des Partikelfilters statt und zwar in einem Verbrennungstemperaturbereich, der um die Wirksamkeit des Additivs niedriger ist als der Temperaturbereich, bei dem die Partikel beim Fehlen des Additivs verbrennen. Die Partikelmasse, die sich jeweils ansammelt, reicht beim Abbrennen nicht aus, um so hohe Temperaturen zu erzeugen, daß der Partikelfilter überhitzt und beschädigt werden könnte. Es wird somit der Funktionsbereich zu niedrigeren Temperaturen hin verlagert und somit von einem kritischen Temperaturbereich weiter entfernt. Dies ergibt eine größere Störungsunanfälligkeit und Funktionsstabilität, weil auch bei ungünstigeren Funktionsbedingungen der Brennkraftmaschine, wie es insbesondere bei wechselnden Drehzahlen und Belastungszuständen der Fall ist, ein Abbrand der Partikel in einem Temperaturbereich stattfindet, der vom kritischen Temperaturbereich weiter entfernt ist und somit störungsunanfälliger und stabiler bzw. belastbarer ist.In the internal combustion engine according to the invention, due to the presence of the NO 2 and the additive, the particles are continuously burned off and thus the particle filter is continuously regenerated in a combustion temperature range which is lower by the effectiveness of the additive than the temperature range at which the particles are Burn the missing additive. The particle mass that accumulates in each case is not sufficient when it is burned to generate temperatures so high that the particle filter could overheat and be damaged. The functional range is thus shifted to lower temperatures and thus further away from a critical temperature range. This results in greater susceptibility to malfunction and functional stability, because even under less favorable operating conditions of the internal combustion engine, as is the case in particular with changing speeds and load conditions, the particles burn off in a temperature range that is further away from the critical temperature range and thus less susceptible to faults and more stable or is more resilient.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auch auf ein Verfahren zur Verminderung schädlicher Bestandteile im Abgas einer Brennkraftmaschine nach den Ansprüchen 9 bis 12, das zu vergleichbaren Vorteilen führt. The invention also relates to a method for reducing harmful Components in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine according to claims 9 to 12, the comparable advantages.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung kann das Additiv aus einem oder mehreren Wirkstoffen bestehen, und es kann dem Verbrennungsmedium in dem dem Partikelfilter vorgeordneten Bereich zugegeben werden. Es findet eine gute Vermischung und gleichmäßige Verteilung des Additivs im Verbrennungsmedium statt, wenn das Additiv dem Kraftstoff, insbesondere in Zuführungsleitung, oder direkt in die Brennkammer der Brennkraftmaschine eingeführt wird.In the context of the invention, the additive can consist of one or more active ingredients exist, and it can be the combustion medium in the particulate filter upstream area. It finds a good mix and Even distribution of the additive in the combustion medium takes place when the additive the fuel, especially in the supply line, or directly into the combustion chamber Internal combustion engine is introduced.

Dabei wird die Funktion weiter verbessert und stabilisiert, wenn die Zuführungsmenge des Additivs in Abhängigkeit von Betriebsparametern der Brennkraftmaschine geregelt wird, wie z.B. von der Größe der abgegebenen Leistung und/oder von der Betriebstemperatur.The function is further improved and stabilized when the supply amount of the additive is regulated depending on the operating parameters of the internal combustion engine such as on the size of the output and / or on the Operating temperatur.

Nachfolgend wird ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung anhand einer vereinfachten Zeichnung näher erläutert.

  • Fig. 1 zeigt eine schematische Darstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung.
    • A preferred exemplary embodiment of the invention is explained in more detail below on the basis of a simplified drawing.
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of the device according to the invention.

    • Die Zeichnung zeigt eine allgemein mit 1 bezeichnete Abgasanlage, die sich in Form einer Abgasleitung 2 von einer Brennkraftmaschine, insbesondere einer Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine 3, in Form eines Otto-Motors mit mehreren, z. B. vier Zylindern 4, erstreckt, die als Brennkammern 4a dargestellt sind, zu denen sich jeweils eine Zuführungsleitung 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d für Verbrennungsluft erstreckt, die sich von einer gemeinsamen Zuführungsleitung 5 verzweigen, in der ein nicht dargestellter Luftfilter angeordnet ist. Von den Brennkammern 4a erstreckt sich jeweils ein Abführungsleitungszweig 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, die in die gemeinsame Abgasleitung 2 münden und Teile der Abgasleitung 2 sind.The drawing shows an exhaust system, generally designated 1, which is in shape an exhaust pipe 2 from an internal combustion engine, in particular a diesel internal combustion engine 3, in the form of an Otto engine with several, for. B. four cylinders 4, extends, which are shown as combustion chambers 4a, to each of which one Combustion air supply line 5a, 5b, 5c, 5d extending from one branch feed line 5, in which an air filter, not shown is arranged. Each extends from the combustion chambers 4a Exhaust line branch 2a, 2b, 2c, 2d, which open into the common exhaust pipe 2 and parts of the exhaust pipe 2.

    Der Brennkraftmaschine 3 ist eine Versorgungseinrichtung 7 für ein Verbrennungsmedium zugeordnet, das aus einem Kraftstoff/-Luft-Gemisch besteht und die Brennkraftmaschine 3 als Abgas verläßt. Im einzelnen ist ein Kraftstofftank 8 vorgesehen, der durch eine Kraftstoff-Zuführungsleitung 9 und eine Kraftstoff-Rückführungsleitung 11 mit den nicht dargestellten Einspritzventilen der Zylinder 4 verbunden ist. Der Versorgungseinrichtung 7 ist eine nicht dargestellte Pumpe zugeordnet, die einen für die Einspritzung erforderlichen Einspritzdruck im Kraftstoff erzeugt und auch die Förderung des Kraftstoffs aus dem Kraftstofftank 8 zu den Einspritzventilen und die Rückführung des Kraftstoffs in der Rückführungsleitung 11 zum Tank bewirken kann.The internal combustion engine 3 is a supply device 7 for a Associated combustion medium, which consists of a fuel / air mixture and leaves the internal combustion engine 3 as exhaust gas. Specifically, there is a fuel tank 8 provided by a fuel supply line 9 and a fuel return line 11 with the injection valves, not shown, of the cylinders 4 connected is. The supply device 7 is a pump, not shown assigned the injection pressure in the fuel required for the injection generated and also the promotion of fuel from the fuel tank 8 to the Injectors and the return of the fuel in the return line 11 to Tank can cause.

    Der Versorgungseinrichtung 7 ist eine Zuführungsvorrichtung 12 für ein Mittel oder Additiv zugeordnet, das weiter unten noch beschrieben wird und dem Verbrennungsmedium im Bereich der Versorgungseinrichtung 7 durch eine geeignete Dosiervorrichtung zugeführt wird, wobei das Additiv in den Kraftstofftank 8 oder in die Brennkammern 4a der Zylinder 4 oder auf den Wegen dazwischen zugeführt werden kann. Bei der vorliegenden Ausgestaltung weist die Zuführungsvorrichtung 12 einen Vorratsbehälter 13 für das Additiv auf, der durch eine Verbindungsleitung 14 mit der Zuführungsleitung 9 verbunden ist, wobei die Dosiervorrichtung in der Verbindungsleitung 14 vorgesehen ist, z.B. in Form einer Dosierpumpe 15. Die Menge des Additivs, die die Dosiervorrichtung im Funktionsbetrieb einstellt, kann konstant oder in Abhängigkeit von bestimmten Betriebsparametern der Brennkraftmaschine 3 und/oder deren Umgebung variabel sein, insbesondere in Abhängigkeit von der jeweiligen Leistungsgröße der Brennkraftmaschine 3 geregelt sein. Entsprechend ist die Dosiervorrichtung jeweils ausgebildet, und sie kann durch eine nicht dargestellte Steuerleitung mit der vorhandenen elektronischen Steuer- oder Regelvorrichtung verbunden und von dieser entsprechend ansteuerbar sein.The supply device 7 is a feed device 12 for an agent or Assigned additive, which is described below and the Combustion medium in the area of the supply device 7 by a suitable one Dosing device is supplied, the additive in the fuel tank 8 or in the Combustion chambers 4a of the cylinder 4 or on the paths in between are supplied can. In the present embodiment, the feed device 12 has one Storage container 13 for the additive, which through a connecting line 14 with the Feed line 9 is connected, the metering device in the Connection line 14 is provided, e.g. in the form of a metering pump 15. The amount of the additive that the dosing device sets in functional mode can be constant or depending on certain operating parameters of the internal combustion engine 3 and / or their environment may be variable, particularly depending on the particular Power size of the internal combustion engine 3 can be regulated. The is accordingly Dosing device each formed, and it can by a not shown Control line with the existing electronic control or regulating device connected and be controlled accordingly by this.

    Im Funktionsbetrieb strömt das von der Brennkraftmaschine 3 ausgestoßene Abgas in Strömungsrichtung 16 durch die Abgasleitung 2. In der Abgasleitung 2 sind ein Oxidationskatalysator 17 und ein Partikelfilter 18 so hintereinander angeordnet, daß das Abgas zunächst zum Oxidationskatalysator 17 gelangt, diesen durchströmt und dann zum Partikelfilter 18 gelangt und diesen durchströmt. Der Oxidationskatalysator 17 und der Partikelfilter 18 sind jeweils in einem Gehäuse 17a, 18a angeordnet, dessen Querschnittsgröße ein mehrfaches der Querschnittsgröße von vor dem Gehäuse 17a, zwischen den Gehäusen 17a, 18a und vorzugsweise auch nach dem Gehäuse 18a insbesondere koaxial angeordneten Abgasleitungsabschnitten 2e, 2f, 2g beträgt.In functional operation, the exhaust gas emitted by the internal combustion engine 3 flows into Flow direction 16 through the exhaust pipe 2. In the exhaust pipe 2 are a Oxidation catalyst 17 and a particle filter 18 arranged one behind the other that the Exhaust gas first reaches the oxidation catalytic converter 17, flows through it and then arrives at the particle filter 18 and flows through it. The oxidation catalyst 17 and the particle filters 18 are each arranged in a housing 17a, 18a, the Cross-sectional size a multiple of the cross-sectional size from in front of the housing 17a, between the housings 17a, 18a and preferably also after the housing 18a in particular coaxially arranged exhaust pipe sections 2e, 2f, 2g.

    Der Partikelfilter 18 filtert Partikel aus dem Abgas und sammelt diese an dem eigentlichen Filterkörper in üblicher Weise, wobei das Abgas den Filterkörper durchströmt. Der Oxidationskatalysator 17 arbeitet mit Sauerstoffüberschuß, der durch ein entsprechend mager eingestelltes Kraftstoff/Verbrennungsluft-Verhältnis oder durch eine sog. Sekundärluft-Zuführung im Bereich bis zum Oxidationskatalysator 17 bereitgestellt werden kann. The particle filter 18 filters particles from the exhaust gas and collects them on the actual filter body in the usual way, the exhaust gas the filter body flows through. The oxidation catalytic converter 17 works with an excess of oxygen that passes through a correspondingly lean fuel / combustion air ratio or by a so-called secondary air supply in the area up to the oxidation catalytic converter 17 can be provided.

    Im Funktionsbetrieb der Brennkraftmaschine 3 bzw. der Abgasanlage 1 durchströmt das Abgas durch den Oxidationskatalysator 17, wobei der Sauerstoffüberschuß zur Oxidation von C0 und HC dient und eine Stickoxydkomponente wie NO2 den Oxidationskatalysator 17 im Abgas verläßt. Der Partikelfilter 18 bildet mit dem ihm vorgeschalteten Oxidationskatalysator 17 ein sogenanntes CRT-System (continuous regenerating trap), das dazu beiträgt, in noch zu beschreibender Weise die hauptsächlich aus Kohlenstoff bestehenden Partikel am Partikelfilter 18 abzubrennen und umzusetzen.In the functional operation of the internal combustion engine 3 or the exhaust system 1, the exhaust gas flows through the oxidation catalyst 17, the excess oxygen serving for the oxidation of C0 and HC and a nitrogen oxide component such as NO 2 leaving the oxidation catalyst 17 in the exhaust gas. The particle filter 18 forms with the oxidation catalytic converter 17 connected upstream of it a so-called CRT system (continuous regenerating trap), which contributes to burning off and converting the particles consisting mainly of carbon on the particle filter 18 in a manner to be described.

    Bei dem mit der Zuführungsvorrichtung 12 zugeführten Additiv handelt es sich um ein solches, das die Zündtemperatur der Partikel vermindert. Hierzu eignen sich Organometallverbindungen sehr vorteilhaft, wie z.B. Eisenoctoat, Ferrocen oder Cer-Verbindungen.The additive supplied by the feed device 12 is a one that lowers the ignition temperature of the particles. Are suitable for this Organometallic compounds very beneficial, e.g. Iron octoate, ferrocene or cerium compounds.

    Die Funktion der Brennkraftmaschine 3 und der Abgasanlage 1 ist folgende.The function of the internal combustion engine 3 and the exhaust system 1 is as follows.

    Die Brennkraftmaschine 3 wird im vorbeschriebenen Sinne mit einem mageren Kraftstoff/Luft-Gemisch betrieben oder sie kann z.B. im wesentlichen stöchiometrisch betrieben werden, wenn Sekundärluft einer nicht dargestellten Zuführungsleitung in die Abgasleitung 2 eingeführt wird, bevor das Abgas zum Oxidationskatalysator 17 gelangt. Letzterer oxidiert N0 zu N0x bzw. N02, das mit dem Abgas zum Partikelfilter 18 ein kontinuierliches Abbrennen der Partikel am Partikelfilter 18 bewirkt, wobei der Partikelfilter 18 regeneriert wird. Aufgrund der zusätzlichen und kombinatorischen Wirksamkeit des die Zündtemperatur der Partikel vermindernden Mittels bzw. Additivs setzt die Regeneration bereits bei niedrigeren Temperaturen ein, wodurch die durchschnittliche Regenerationstemperatur vermindert wird, und die Partikelmasse, die zwischenzeitlich angesammelt wird, reicht beim Abbrennen nicht aus, den Partikelfilter 18 auf eine schädigende Temperatur zu erhitzen. Es zeigt sich somit, daß die durch das CRT-System hervorgerufene kontinuierliche Regeneration und die Senkung der Zündtemperatur der Partikel sich vorteilhaft ergänzen und bei verhältnismäßig niedrigen Temperaturen zu einer kontinuierlichen, störungsunanfälligen und stabilen Regeneration des Partikelfilters 18 führen, wobei die Materialien der Abgasanlage 1 von niedrigeren Temperaturen beansprucht werden und bei guter Funktion der Verminderung der schädlichen Bestandteile im Abgas eine lange Lebensdauer erreicht wird. The internal combustion engine 3 is operated in the sense described above with a lean fuel / air mixture or it can be operated, for example, essentially stoichiometrically if secondary air from a supply line, not shown, is introduced into the exhaust line 2 before the exhaust gas reaches the oxidation catalytic converter 17. The latter oxidizes N0 to N0 x or N0 2 , which causes the exhaust gas to the particle filter 18 to continuously burn off the particles on the particle filter 18, the particle filter 18 being regenerated. Because of the additional and combinatorial effectiveness of the detergent or additive that reduces the ignition temperature of the particles, the regeneration starts at lower temperatures, which reduces the average regeneration temperature, and the particle mass that has accumulated in the meantime is not sufficient for the particle filter 18 to burn off heat to a damaging temperature. It can thus be seen that the continuous regeneration brought about by the CRT system and the lowering of the ignition temperature of the particles complement one another advantageously and, at relatively low temperatures, lead to a continuous, failure-prone and stable regeneration of the particle filter 18, the materials of the exhaust system 1 from lower temperatures are claimed and a long service life is achieved with good function of reducing the harmful components in the exhaust gas.

    BEZUGSZEICHENLISTEREFERENCE SIGN LIST

    11
    AbgasanlageExhaust system
    22nd
    AbgasleitungExhaust pipe
    2a2a
    AbführungsleitungszweigExhaust pipe branch
    2b2 B
    AbführungsleitungszweigExhaust pipe branch
    2c2c
    AbführungsleitungszweigExhaust pipe branch
    2d2d
    AbführungsleitungszweigExhaust pipe branch
    2e2e
    AbgasleitungsabschnittExhaust pipe section
    2f2f
    AbgasleitungsabschnittExhaust pipe section
    2g2g
    AbgasleitungsabschnittExhaust pipe section
    33rd
    Diesel-BrennkraftmaschineDiesel internal combustion engine
    44th
    Zylindercylinder
    4a4a
    BrennkammerCombustion chamber
    55
    ZuführungsleitungSupply line
    5a5a
    ZuführungsleitungSupply line
    5b5b
    ZuführungsleitungSupply line
    5c5c
    ZuführungsleitungSupply line
    5d5d
    ZuführungsleitungSupply line
    66
    77
    VersorgungseinrichtungUtilities
    88th
    KraftstofftankFuel tank
    99
    Kraftstoff-ZuführungsleitungFuel supply line
    1010th
    1111
    Kraftstoff-RückführungsleitungFuel return line
    1212th
    ZuführungsvorrichtungFeeding device
    1313
    VorratsbehälterStorage container
    1414
    VerbindungsleitungConnecting line
    1515
    DosierpumpeDosing pump
    1616
    Strömungsrichtung Flow direction
    1717th
    OxidationskatalysatorOxidation catalyst
    17a17a
    Gehäusecasing
    1818th
    PartikelfilterParticle filter
    18a18a
    Gehäusecasing

    Claims (12)

    Brennkraftmaschine (3) mit einem Kraftstofftank (8) und einer Versorgungseinrichtung (7) für ein Verbrennungsmedium, das der wenigstens einen Brennkammer (4a) der Brennkraftmaschine (3) als Kraftstoff und Luft zugeführt wird und aus der Brennkammer (4a) in eine mit der Brennkammer (4a) verbundene Abgasleitung (2) ausgestoßen wird, wobei in der Abgasleitung (2) in der Strömungsrichtung (16) hintereinanderliegend zunächst ein Oxidationskatalysator (17) und dann ein Partikelfilter (18) zum Filtern von Partikeln im Abgas angeordnet sind, wobei eine Zuführungsvorrichtung (12) für ein die Zündtemperatur der Partikel senkendes Additiv vorgesehen ist, die das Additiv dem Verbrennungsmedium zuführt, nachdem der Kraftstoff den Kraftstofftank (8) verlassen hat und bevor das Verbrennungsmedium zum Partikelfilter (18) gelangt ist.Internal combustion engine (3) with a fuel tank (8) and one Supply device (7) for a combustion medium that the at least a combustion chamber (4a) of the internal combustion engine (3) as fuel and air is fed and from the combustion chamber (4a) into a with the combustion chamber (4a) connected exhaust pipe (2) is ejected, in the exhaust pipe (2) in the flow direction (16) one behind the other Oxidation catalyst (17) and then a particle filter (18) for filtering Particles are arranged in the exhaust gas, with a feed device (12) for an additive lowering the ignition temperature of the particles is provided, which the Additive feeds the combustion medium after the fuel Has left fuel tank (8) and before the combustion medium to Particle filter (18) has reached. Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zuführungsvorrichtung (12) das Additiv in den Kraftstoff oder in die Brennkammer (4a) einführt.Internal combustion engine according to claim 1, characterized in that the feed device (12) introduces the additive into the fuel or into the combustion chamber (4a). Brennkraftmaschine nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vom Kraftstofftank (8) sich eine Zuführungsleitung (9) zu der Brennkammer (4a) erstreckt und die Zuführungsvorrichtung (12) für das Additiv mit der Zuführungsleitung (9) verbunden ist.Internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a feed line (9) extends from the fuel tank (8) to the combustion chamber (4a) and the feed device (12) for the additive is connected to the feed line (9). Brennkraftmaschine nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zuführungsvorrichtung (12) einen Vorratsbehälter (13) für das Additiv und eine Verbindungsleitung (14) umfaßt, die mit der Versorgungseinrichtung (7) verbunden ist. Internal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feed device (12) comprises a reservoir (13) for the additive and a connecting line (14) which is connected to the supply device (7). Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zuführungsvorrichtung (12) eine Dosiervorrichtung, insbesondere eine Dosierpumpe (15), für das Additiv aufweist.Internal combustion engine according to claim 4, characterized in that the feed device (12) has a metering device, in particular a metering pump (15), for the additive. Brennkraftmaschine nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Dosiervorrichtung oder Dosierpumpe (15) in der Verbindungsleitung (14) angeordnet ist.Internal combustion engine according to claim 5, characterized in that the metering device or metering pump (15) is arranged in the connecting line (14). Brennkraftmaschine nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Verbindungsleitung (14) in die Zuführungsleitung (9) mündet.Internal combustion engine according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the connecting line (14) opens into the supply line (9). Brennkraftmaschine nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Brennkraftmaschine durch eine Diesel-Brennkraftmaschine (3) gebildet istInternal combustion engine according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the internal combustion engine is formed by a diesel internal combustion engine (3) Verfahren zur Verminderung schädlicher Bestandteile im Abgas einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einer Versorgungseinrichtung (7) für ein Verbrennungsmedium, das der wenigstens einen Brennkammer (4a) der Brennkraftmaschine (3) als Kraftstoff und Luft zugeführt und aus der Brennkammer (4a) in eine mit der Brennkammer (4a) verbundene Abgasleitung (2) ausgestoßen wird, bei dem im Abgas enthaltene Partikel mit einem in der Abgasleitung (2) angeordneten Partikelfilter (18) gefiltert und wenigstens teilweise mit im Abgas enthaltenem N02 im wesentlichen kontinuierlich umgewandelt werden, wobei in das Verbrennungsmedium, bevor es als Abgas zum Partikelfilter (18) gelangt, ein Additiv eingeführt wird, das die Zündtemperatur der Partikel vermindert, und wobei die Partikel im Partikelfilter (18) abgebrannt werden.Method for reducing harmful constituents in the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine with a supply device (7) for a combustion medium, which is supplied to the at least one combustion chamber (4a) of the internal combustion engine (3) as fuel and air and from the combustion chamber (4a) into a chamber with the combustion chamber ( 4a) connected exhaust gas line (2) is ejected, in which particles contained in the exhaust gas are filtered with a particle filter (18) arranged in the exhaust gas line (2) and are at least partially converted substantially continuously with N0 2 contained in the exhaust gas, the combustion medium, before it reaches the particle filter (18) as exhaust gas, an additive is introduced which reduces the ignition temperature of the particles, and the particles are burned off in the particle filter (18). Verfahren nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Additiv in den Kraftstoff, insbesondere im Bereich einer Kraftstoff-Zuführungsleitung (9), oder in den Brennraum (4a) der Brennkraftmaschine (3) eingeführt wird. Method according to Claim 9, characterized in that the additive is introduced into the fuel, in particular in the area of a fuel supply line (9), or into the combustion chamber (4a) of the internal combustion engine (3). Verfahren nach Anspruch 9 oder 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Stickoxyd bzw. N02 durch einen dem Partikelfilter vorgeschalteten Oxidationskatalysator (17) erzeugt wird.A method according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the nitrogen oxide or N0 2 is generated by an oxidation catalytic converter (17) connected upstream of the particle filter. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als Additiv Organometallverbindungen, z.B. Eisenoctoat, Ferrocen und/oder Cer-Verbindungen verwendet werden.Method according to one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that organometallic compounds, for example iron octoate, ferrocene and / or cerium compounds, are used as the additive.
    EP00100513A 1999-02-05 2000-01-12 Combustion engine with a supply device for a combustion medium Expired - Lifetime EP1026380B1 (en)

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    DE19904736 1999-02-05
    DE19904736A DE19904736A1 (en) 1999-02-05 1999-02-05 Internal combustion engine with a supply device for a combustion medium

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    AT (1) ATE360749T1 (en)
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    EP2032810A4 (en) * 2006-05-18 2010-12-08 Clean Diesel Tech Inc Improvements in diesel particulate control

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    DE19904736A1 (en) 2000-08-10
    EP1026380A3 (en) 2000-12-13
    ATE360749T1 (en) 2007-05-15
    EP1026380B1 (en) 2007-04-25
    ES2283250T3 (en) 2007-11-01

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