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EP1026373A2 - Device for purifying the exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Device for purifying the exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1026373A2
EP1026373A2 EP00100868A EP00100868A EP1026373A2 EP 1026373 A2 EP1026373 A2 EP 1026373A2 EP 00100868 A EP00100868 A EP 00100868A EP 00100868 A EP00100868 A EP 00100868A EP 1026373 A2 EP1026373 A2 EP 1026373A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
ozone
particle filter
line
exhaust
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP00100868A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP1026373A3 (en
Inventor
Werner Engeler
Olaf Bechmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Volkswagen AG
Original Assignee
Volkswagen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Volkswagen AG filed Critical Volkswagen AG
Publication of EP1026373A2 publication Critical patent/EP1026373A2/en
Publication of EP1026373A3 publication Critical patent/EP1026373A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/033Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices
    • F01N3/035Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters in combination with other devices with catalytic reactors, e.g. catalysed diesel particulate filters
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N3/00Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust
    • F01N3/02Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust
    • F01N3/021Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters
    • F01N3/023Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles
    • F01N3/029Exhaust or silencing apparatus having means for purifying, rendering innocuous, or otherwise treating exhaust for cooling, or for removing solid constituents of, exhaust by means of filters using means for regenerating the filters, e.g. by burning trapped particles by adding non-fuel substances to exhaust
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01NGAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01N2240/00Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
    • F01N2240/38Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an ozone (O3) generator, e.g. for adding ozone after generation of ozone from air

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for cleaning the exhaust gas Internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • This is preferably a gasoline engine, in particular a diesel engine.
  • the exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine contain pollutants, in particular CO2, HC (Hydrocarbons), N0x and S0x, mainly containing carbon Particles such as soot particles occur in the exhaust gas, which are due to incomplete combustion, especially of diesel internal combustion engines.
  • pollutants in particular CO2
  • HC Hydrocarbons
  • N0x N0x
  • S0x mainly containing carbon Particles such as soot particles occur in the exhaust gas, which are due to incomplete combustion, especially of diesel internal combustion engines.
  • the invention has for its object a device of the aforementioned Type in such a way that the particles ensure good exhaust gas quality can be at least partially eliminated.
  • ozone is transferred from an ozone source to the exhaust gas emitted before the exhaust gas reaches the particle filter.
  • the ozone gets into it due to the exhaust gas flow in the exhaust gas distributed to the particles in the exhaust gas and to the Particle filter on which the filtered particles are collected.
  • the distribution of the Ozone in the exhaust gas can occur automatically through the exhaust gas flow. Because ozone is very is unstable, it reacts almost immediately and completely with the particles. So be already attacked hydrocarbons at low ozone concentrations.
  • the fed Ozone thus promotes burning and acts as e.g. continuous burning aid, the particles in the exhaust gas and the filtered particles, in particular soot particles, completely or partially burned off with ozone.
  • the service life of the Particulate filter significantly increased and the function of the exhaust system improved.
  • At a Complete combustion of the filter particles can increase the service life of the filter Filters are extended so that an interim filter exchange with a new one Filter is not required.
  • the ozone can be generated by means of an ozone source, which is preferably is realized by an ozone generator, the ozone being provided in the Area of the exhaust system is produced with an ozone generator, creating a simple and safe functioning is guaranteed. It is possible one Operating the ozone generator with pure oxygen, however, would then have to be cleaner in the vehicle Oxygen are carried, which raises safety concerns.
  • the ozone source in particular the ozone generator
  • the ozone source or the ozone generator is arranged at a distance from the exhaust pipe. In Both cases result in better distribution and mixing of the ozone in the exhaust gas reached. If there is a supply line, it can be used to promote the a gas pump can be provided in the feed line.
  • the device according to the invention is characterized by a simple and also safe design and function, whereby it can be converted into a Integrate exhaust system or combine with it.
  • an oxygen ion conductor for the ozone generator to provide the oxygen from the incoming air or exhaust gas takes so that the oxygen concentration in the ozone generator is increased. Thereby the efficiency of the ozone generator is increased and the carrying of pure Oxygen can be dispensed with.
  • ozone generators of different designs can be used and function can be used.
  • the ozone generator can, for example, by a UV lamp, a microwave generator or an electrical spark discharge path be formed.
  • the device according to the invention is also suitable for an exhaust system with a Catalyst, especially an oxidation catalyst.
  • a Catalyst especially an oxidation catalyst.
  • Ozone generators of different design and function are proposed through performance, a safe function and an advantageous arrangement as well distinguish a small design and easily on or in a Exhaust line or on or in a supply line opening into the exhaust line let integrated.
  • the exhaust system generally designated 1 comprises one after one Internal combustion engine 3 arranged exhaust pipe 2.
  • a particulate filter 5 is located in the exhaust line 2 arranged, an oxidation catalyst 6 can optionally be arranged upstream, so that the exhaust gas first the oxidation catalyst 6 and then preferably in one Flows through distance a from the latter arranged particle filter 5.
  • the particle filter 5 and the oxidation catalyst 6 are of conventional construction and between Pipe sections 2a, 2b, 2c each arranged in a housing 5a, 6a, which the Form exhaust pipe 2 in front of, between and behind the housings 5a, 6a.
  • An ozone generator 7 is provided which continuously or intermittently ozone generated and emitted to the exhaust gas, specifically on one in the flow direction 4 the particle filter 5 or between the particle filter 5 and the oxidation catalyst 6 dispensing point 8, which is in particular a distance b from the particle filter 5 having.
  • the ozone generator 7 is from the exhaust pipe 2 spaced and thus arranged outside of this, being by a Feed line 9 is connected to the exhaust line 2.
  • the ozone generator 7 can In FIG. 1, a pump, not shown, may be assigned, which may supply and / or supply the ozone Exhaust air 11.12 to the exhaust pipe 2 promotes.
  • FIGS. 2 to 4 in which the same or comparable parts are provided with the same reference numerals, represent different ozone generators represents.
  • the Oxygen concentration uses an oxygen ion conductor 14 on the outside 14a is supplied with fresh air or exhaust gas by means of a pipe 15.
  • the Oxygen ion conductor 14 is the oxygen of the fresh air or the exhaust gas via the Inside 14 b of the ion conductor 14 transported into a chamber 16 so that it there too a high oxygen concentration.
  • a potential is applied to the ion conductor 14 by means of electrical leads 17a, 17b placed, which causes the oxygen transport.
  • the chamber 16 is through a Housing 18 formed.
  • a gas pump 19 in one Gas passage 21 arranged, by means of which the ozone from the Chamber 16 is pumped into the feed line 9 or into the exhaust system 1.
  • the oxygen ion conductor 14 can be an ZrO2 or another oxygen ion conductor with pump voltage.
  • FIG. 2 to 4 each show a special embodiment for a Ozone generator 7, the ozone generator 7 according to FIG. 2 by an infrared lamp 7a, 3 by a microwave generator 7b and FIG. 4 by a electric spark discharge gap 7c is formed.
  • the oxygen ion conductor 14 and the pump 19 can be dispensed with, such as this is shown in FIG. 5.
  • the ozone generator 7 or 7a, 7b, 7c directly in the Exhaust line 2 arranged, each with a UV emitter 7a, for example Microwave emitters 7b and a spark gap 7c are shown.
  • a UV emitter 7a for example Microwave emitters 7b and a spark gap 7c are shown.
  • a small size is achieved.
  • the supply route for the ozone is omitted.
  • the exhaust gas flows from left to right in FIG. 1 through the exhaust pipe 2.
  • the ozone reaches into the exhaust gas stream into which it is distributed and mixed, e.g. automatically due to the Flow and the flow path b between the point 8 and the catalyst 5.
  • recirculated air 12 is used to generate ozone, this has the particle filter supplied ozone or gas enriched with ozone already operating temperature.
  • the exhaust gas flows from left to right in FIG. 1 through the exhaust pipe 2.
  • the ozone reaches the junction 8a into the exhaust gas stream into which it is distributed and mixed, e.g. automatically due to the Flow and the flow path b between the discharge point 8a and Particle filter 5.
  • the invention is based on the knowledge that an ozone addition to the Exhaust gas promotes the combustion of the particles, especially soot particles. Doing so the combustion performance of the ozone according to the ratio in which it is Exhaust gas is added.
  • the ozone therefore preferably passes with the exhaust gas continuously to the particle filter 5, in the area of which the filter particles are partially or completely be burned down continuously.
  • the ozone proves to be a burning aid.
  • the generation or supply of the ozone can be carried out continuously or be carried out discontinuously.
  • the latter can be done by a not shown Control device, in particular the existing electronic control device Switch on and switch off, e.g. by switching on and off each of the circuit of the UV lamp 7a, the ion conductor 14, the Microwave generator 7b and / or the spark discharge path 7c.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas After Treatment (AREA)
  • Exhaust Gas Treatment By Means Of Catalyst (AREA)
  • Processes For Solid Components From Exhaust (AREA)

Abstract

Apparatus for purifying the exhaust gas from an internal combustion (IC) engine (3) comprises an exhaust gas pipe (2) with a particle filter (5) arranged in it to filter out particles in the exhaust gas. An ozone source (8) is provided which releases ozone into the exhaust gas before the gas reaches the filter.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur Reinigung des Abgases einer Brennkraftmaschine nach dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1. Hierbei handelt es sich vorzugsweise um einen Ottomotor, insbesondere um einen Dieselmotor.The invention relates to a device for cleaning the exhaust gas Internal combustion engine according to the preamble of claim 1. This is preferably a gasoline engine, in particular a diesel engine.

Die Abgase einer Brennkraftmaschine enthalten Schadstoffe, insbesondere CO2, HC (Kohlenwasserstoffe), N0x und S0x, wobei auch hauptsächlich Kohlenstoff enthaltende Partikel wie Rußpartikel im Abgas anfallen, die bei unvollständiger Verbrennung, insbesondere von Diesel-Brennkraftmaschinen, entstehen. Um den Ausstoß der Partikel aus der Abgasanlage zu verhindern, ist bereits vorgeschlagen worden, einen Partikelfilter in die Abgasanlage einzubauen. Es ist auch vorgeschlagen worden, den Partikelfilter mittels einer elektrischen Heizvorrichtung aufzuheizen und dadurch die im Partikelfilter gefilterten Partikel zu verbrennen. Diese Maßnahme ist nicht nur bauaufwendig, sondern sie kann auch zur Entstehung weiterer Schadstoffe beitragen, insbesondere wenn diese Nachverbrennung unzureichend ist.The exhaust gases from an internal combustion engine contain pollutants, in particular CO2, HC (Hydrocarbons), N0x and S0x, mainly containing carbon Particles such as soot particles occur in the exhaust gas, which are due to incomplete combustion, especially of diesel internal combustion engines. To prevent the emission of the particles from the exhaust system, is already has been proposed to install a particle filter in the exhaust system. It is also proposed the particle filter using an electric heater to heat up and thereby burn the particles filtered in the particle filter. This Measure is not only expensive to build, but can also lead to the emergence of others Pollutants contribute, especially if this afterburning is insufficient.

Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Vorrichtung der eingangs angegebenen Art so auszubilden, daß die Partikel bei Gewährleistung einer guten Abgasqualität wenigstens teilweise beseitigt werden können.The invention has for its object a device of the aforementioned Type in such a way that the particles ensure good exhaust gas quality can be at least partially eliminated.

Diese Aufgabe wird durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen der Erfindung sind Gegenstand der Unteransprüche.This object is solved by the features of claim 1. Beneficial Developments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung wird Ozon von einer Ozonquelle an das Abgas abgegeben, bevor das Abgas zum Partikelfilter gelangt. Dabei gelangt das Ozon aufgrund der Abgasströmung im Abgas verteilt zu den Partikeln im Abgas und zu dem Partikelfilter, an dem sich die gefilterten Partikel gesammelt befinden. Die Verteilung des Ozons im Abgas kann durch die Abgasströmung selbsttätig erfolgen. Da Ozon sehr instabil ist, reagiert es quasi sofort und vollständig mit den Partikeln. So werden bereits bei geringen Ozonkonzentrationen Kohlenwasserstoffe angegriffen. Das zugeführte Ozon fördert somit das Abbrennen und fungiert als z.B. kontinuierliche Abbrennhilfe, wobei die im Abgas befindlichen und die gefilterten Partikel, insbesondere Rußpartikel, mit Ozon ganz oder teilweise abgebrannt werden. Hierdurch werden die Standzeit des Partikelfilters wesentlich erhöht und die Funktion der Abgasanlage verbessert. Bei einer vollständigen Verbrennung der Filterpartikel kann die Standzeit auf die Lebensdauer des Filters verlängert werden, so daß ein zwischenzeitlicher Filteraustausch mit einem neuen Filter nicht erforderlich ist.In the device according to the invention, ozone is transferred from an ozone source to the exhaust gas emitted before the exhaust gas reaches the particle filter. The ozone gets into it due to the exhaust gas flow in the exhaust gas distributed to the particles in the exhaust gas and to the Particle filter on which the filtered particles are collected. The distribution of the Ozone in the exhaust gas can occur automatically through the exhaust gas flow. Because ozone is very is unstable, it reacts almost immediately and completely with the particles. So be already attacked hydrocarbons at low ozone concentrations. The fed Ozone thus promotes burning and acts as e.g. continuous burning aid, the particles in the exhaust gas and the filtered particles, in particular soot particles, completely or partially burned off with ozone. As a result, the service life of the Particulate filter significantly increased and the function of the exhaust system improved. At a Complete combustion of the filter particles can increase the service life of the filter Filters are extended so that an interim filter exchange with a new one Filter is not required.

Es führt bereits ein geringer Mengenanteil Ozon zu einer Verbesserung der Verbrennung der Filterpartikel und zwar auch bei niedrigeren Temperaturen, wie z.B. in der Startphase und in der Aufwärmphase.Even a small amount of ozone leads to an improvement in Combustion of the filter particles, even at lower temperatures, e.g. in the start-up phase and the warm-up phase.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung kann das Ozon mittels einer Ozonquelle, die vorzugsweise durch einen Ozongenerator realisiert ist, bereitgestellt werden, wobei das Ozon im Bereich der Abgasanlage mit einem Ozongenerator produziert wird, wodurch eine einfache und sichere Funktionsweise gewährleistet ist. Es ist möglich einen Ozongenerator mit reinem Sauerstoff zu betreiben, allerdings müßte dann im Kfz reiner Sauerstoff mitgeführt werden, was auf Sicherheitsbedenken stößt.In the context of the invention, the ozone can be generated by means of an ozone source, which is preferably is realized by an ozone generator, the ozone being provided in the Area of the exhaust system is produced with an ozone generator, creating a simple and safe functioning is guaranteed. It is possible one Operating the ozone generator with pure oxygen, however, would then have to be cleaner in the vehicle Oxygen are carried, which raises safety concerns.

Besonders vorteilhaft ist es, die Ozonquelle, insbesondere den Ozongenerator, an oder in der Abgasleitung oder an oder in eine Zuführungsleitung für Zuluft bzw. Frischluft oder Sekundärluft oder rückführtes Abgas anzuordnen. Bei einer Anordnung an oder in der Abgasleitung werden außerhalb der Abgasleitung angeordnete Zuführungswege für das Ozon vermieden. Bei der Anordnung einer Zuführungsleitung kann die Ozonquelle bzw. der Ozongenerator in einem Abstand von der Abgasleitung angeordnet werden. In beiden Fällen wird eine bessere Verteilung und Vermischung des Ozons im Abgas erreicht. Wenn eine Zuführungsleitung vorhanden ist, kann zur Förderung des vorgenannten Trägergases in der Zuführungsleitung eine Gaspumpe vorgesehen sein.It is particularly advantageous to connect the ozone source, in particular the ozone generator, to or in the exhaust line or on or in a supply line for supply air or fresh air or Arrange secondary air or recirculated exhaust gas. With an arrangement on or in the Exhaust pipes are supply paths for the outside of the exhaust pipe Avoided ozone. When arranging a supply line, the ozone source or the ozone generator is arranged at a distance from the exhaust pipe. In Both cases result in better distribution and mixing of the ozone in the exhaust gas reached. If there is a supply line, it can be used to promote the a gas pump can be provided in the feed line.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung zeichnet sich durch eine einfache und außerdem sichere Bauweise und Funktion aus, wobei sie sich mit geringem Aufwand in eine Abgasanlage integrieren oder mit ihr kombinieren läßt. The device according to the invention is characterized by a simple and also safe design and function, whereby it can be converted into a Integrate exhaust system or combine with it.

Es wird eine selbsttätige und gute Vermischung des Ozons mit dem Abgas erreicht, wenn die Abgabestelle einen stromaufwärts gerichteten Abstand vom Partikelfilter aufweist.An automatic and good mixing of the ozone with the exhaust gas is achieved, if the delivery point is an upstream distance from the particulate filter having.

Wenn die Zuführungsleitung in einem stromaufwärts gerichteten Abstand vom Partikelfilter in die Abgasleitung mündet, wird ebenfalls eine gute Vermischung im Abgas selbsttätig aufgrund der Abgasströmung erreicht.If the feed line is at an upstream distance from the Particulate filter opens into the exhaust pipe, will also mix well in the exhaust gas reached automatically due to the exhaust gas flow.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung ist es vorteilhaft, den Ozongenerator mit einer Sauerstoff-Ionenleiter zu versehen, der Sauerstoff aus vorbeistreichender Zuluft oder Abgas entnimmt, so daß die Sauerstoffkonzentration im Ozongenerator erhöht wird. Dadurch wird der Wirkungsgrad des Ozongenerators erhöht und auf das Mitführen von reinem Sauerstoff kann verzichtet werden.In the context of the invention, it is advantageous to use an oxygen ion conductor for the ozone generator to provide the oxygen from the incoming air or exhaust gas takes so that the oxygen concentration in the ozone generator is increased. Thereby the efficiency of the ozone generator is increased and the carrying of pure Oxygen can be dispensed with.

Im Rahmen der Erfindung können Ozongeneratoren unterschiedlicher Ausgestaltung und Funktion verwendet werden. Der Ozongenerator kann beispielsweise durch eine UV-Lampe, einen Mikrowellengenerator oder eine elektrische Funkenentladungsstrecke gebildet werden.Within the scope of the invention, ozone generators of different designs can be used and function can be used. The ozone generator can, for example, by a UV lamp, a microwave generator or an electrical spark discharge path be formed.

Die erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung eignet sich auch für eine Abgasanlage mit einem Katalysator, insbesondere einem Oxydationskatalysator. In diesem Falle wird das Ozon im Bereich hinter dem Katalysator oder zwischen dem Katalysator und dem Partikelfilter an das Abgas abgegeben. Da ein Oxydationskatalysator mit Sauerstoffüberschuß arbeitet, fügt sich die Zuführung von Ozon funktionell übereinstimmend vorteilhaft in den stattfindenden Oxydationsprozeß ein.The device according to the invention is also suitable for an exhaust system with a Catalyst, especially an oxidation catalyst. In this case, the ozone in the area behind the catalytic converter or between the catalytic converter and the particle filter emitted to the exhaust gas. Because an oxidation catalyst with an excess of oxygen works, the supply of ozone fits functionally in accordance with the advantageous an oxidation process taking place.

Gemäß weiteren, vorteilhaften Weiterbildungen der Erfindung werden mehrere Ozongeneratoren unterschiedlicher Ausgestaltung und Funktion vorgeschlagen, die sich durch Leistungsfähigkeit, eine sichere Funktion und eine vorteilhafte Anordnung sowie eine kleine Bauweise auszeichnen und sich in einfacher Weise an oder in eine Abgasleitung oder an oder in eine in die Abgasleitung mündende Zuführungsleitung integrieren lassen.According to further advantageous developments of the invention, several Ozone generators of different design and function are proposed through performance, a safe function and an advantageous arrangement as well distinguish a small design and easily on or in a Exhaust line or on or in a supply line opening into the exhaust line let integrated.

Nachfolgend werden bevorzugte Ausführungsformen der Erfindung anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen

  • Fig. 1 eine Abgasanlage für eine Brennkraftmaschine in schematischer Darstellung;
  • Fig. 2 einen Ozongenerator als Einzelheit;
  • Fig. 3 einen Ozongenerator in abgewandelter Ausgestaltung;
  • Fig. 4 einen Ozongenerator in weiter abgewandelter Ausgestaltung; und
  • Fig. 5 die direkte Anordnung von Ozongeneratoren in der Abgasleitung.
  • Preferred embodiments of the invention are explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. Show it
  • Figure 1 shows an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine in a schematic representation.
  • 2 shows an ozone generator as a detail;
  • 3 shows an ozone generator in a modified configuration;
  • 4 shows an ozone generator in a further modified embodiment; and
  • Fig. 5 shows the direct arrangement of ozone generators in the exhaust pipe.
  • Die allgemein mit 1 bezeichnete Abgasanlage umfaßt eine nach einer Brennkraftmaschine 3 angeordnete Abgasleitung 2. Im Funktionsbetrieb wird Abgas von der Brennkraftmaschine 3 ausgestoßen, das die Abgasleitung 2 in der Strömungsrichtung 4 durchströmt. In der Abgasleitung 2 ist ein Partikelfilter 5 angeordnet, dem ein Oxydationskatalysator 6 optional vorgeordnet sein kann, so daß das Abgas zunächst den Oxydationskatalysator 6 und dann den vorzugsweise in einem Abstand a von letzterem angeordneten Partikelfilter 5 durchströmt. Der Partikelfilter 5 und der Oxydationskatalysator 6 sind von üblicher Bauweise und zwischen Rohrleitungsabschnitten 2a, 2b, 2c jeweils in einem Gehäuse 5a, 6a angeordnet, die die Abgasleitung 2 vor, zwischen und hinter den Gehäusen 5a, 6a bilden.The exhaust system generally designated 1 comprises one after one Internal combustion engine 3 arranged exhaust pipe 2. In the functional mode, exhaust gas from of the internal combustion engine 3, which the exhaust pipe 2 in the Flow direction 4 flows. A particulate filter 5 is located in the exhaust line 2 arranged, an oxidation catalyst 6 can optionally be arranged upstream, so that the exhaust gas first the oxidation catalyst 6 and then preferably in one Flows through distance a from the latter arranged particle filter 5. The particle filter 5 and the oxidation catalyst 6 are of conventional construction and between Pipe sections 2a, 2b, 2c each arranged in a housing 5a, 6a, which the Form exhaust pipe 2 in front of, between and behind the housings 5a, 6a.

    Es ist ein Ozongenerator 7 vorgesehen, der kontinuierlich oder intermittierend Ozon erzeugt und an das Abgas abgibt, und zwar an einer sich in der Strömungsrichtung 4 vor dem Partikelfilter 5 bzw. zwischen dem Partikelfilter 5 und dem Oxydationskatalysator 6 befindlichen Abgabestelle 8, die insbesondere einen Abstand b vom Partikelfilter 5 aufweist.An ozone generator 7 is provided which continuously or intermittently ozone generated and emitted to the exhaust gas, specifically on one in the flow direction 4 the particle filter 5 or between the particle filter 5 and the oxidation catalyst 6 dispensing point 8, which is in particular a distance b from the particle filter 5 having.

    Beim Ausführungsbeispiel nach Fig. 1 ist der Ozongenerator 7 von der Abgasleitung 2 beabstandet und somit außerhalb von dieser angeordnet, wobei er durch eine Zuführungsleitung 9 mit der Abgasleitung 2 verbunden ist. Der Ozongenerator 7 gewinnt das Ozon aus Luft, die ihm als Zuluft 11 bzw. Sekundärluft zugeführt wird, und/oder aus Abgas bzw. Abluft 12, die ihm als Rückführungsabgas durch einen Leitungsabzweig 13 zugeführt wird, der hinter dem Partikelfilter 5 abzweigt. Dem Ozongenerator 7 kann eine in Fig. 1 nicht dargestellte Pumpe zugeordnet sein, die das Ozon gegebenenfalls mit Zu- und/oder Abluft 11,12 zur Abgasleitung 2 fördert.1, the ozone generator 7 is from the exhaust pipe 2 spaced and thus arranged outside of this, being by a Feed line 9 is connected to the exhaust line 2. The ozone generator 7 wins the ozone from air which is fed to it as supply air 11 or secondary air, and / or from Exhaust gas or exhaust air 12, which it as recirculation exhaust gas through a line branch 13 is supplied, which branches off behind the particle filter 5. The ozone generator 7 can In FIG. 1, a pump, not shown, may be assigned, which may supply and / or supply the ozone Exhaust air 11.12 to the exhaust pipe 2 promotes.

    Die Ausführungsbeispiele nach Fig. 2 bis 4, bei denen gleiche oder vergleichbare Teile mit gleichen Bezugszeichen versehen sind, stellen unterschiedliche Ozongeneratoren dar.The embodiments of FIGS. 2 to 4, in which the same or comparable parts are provided with the same reference numerals, represent different ozone generators represents.

    In den Ausführungsbeispielen der Figuren 2 - 4 wird zur Erhöhung der Sauerstoffkonzentration ein Sauerstoff-Ionenleiter 14 verwendet, der an der Außenseite 14a mittels eines Rohrs 15 mit Frischluft oder Abgas beaufschlagt wird. Durch den Sauerstoff-Ionenleiter 14 wird der Sauerstoff der Frischluft oder des Abgases über die Innenseite 14 b des Ionenleiters 14 in eine Kammer 16 transportiert, so daß es dort zu einer hohen Sauerstoffkonzentration kommt.In the exemplary embodiments in FIGS. 2-4, the Oxygen concentration uses an oxygen ion conductor 14 on the outside 14a is supplied with fresh air or exhaust gas by means of a pipe 15. By the Oxygen ion conductor 14 is the oxygen of the fresh air or the exhaust gas via the Inside 14 b of the ion conductor 14 transported into a chamber 16 so that it there too a high oxygen concentration.

    Über den Ionenleiter 14 wird mittels elektrischer Zuführungen 17a, 17b ein Potential gelegt, wodurch der Sauerstofftransport bewirkt wird. Die Kammer 16 wird durch eine Gehäuse 18, gebildet. In dem Gehäuse 18 ist ferner eine Gaspumpe 19 in einem Gasdurchgang 21 angeordnet, mittels der im Funktionsbetrieb das Ozon aus der Kammer 16 in die Zuführleitung 9 bzw. In die Abgasanlage 1 gepumpt wird.A potential is applied to the ion conductor 14 by means of electrical leads 17a, 17b placed, which causes the oxygen transport. The chamber 16 is through a Housing 18 formed. In the housing 18 there is also a gas pump 19 in one Gas passage 21 arranged, by means of which the ozone from the Chamber 16 is pumped into the feed line 9 or into the exhaust system 1.

    Bei dem Sauerstoff-Ionenleiter 14 kann es sich um einen aus ZrO2 bestehenden oder einem anderen Sauerstoff-Ionenleiter mit Pumpspannung handeln.The oxygen ion conductor 14 can be an ZrO2 or another oxygen ion conductor with pump voltage.

    Die Fig. 2 bis 4 zeigen jeweils ein besonderes Ausführungsbeispiel für einen Ozongenerator 7, wobei der Ozongenerator 7 gemäß Fig. 2 durch eine Infrarotlampe 7a, gemäß Fig. 3 durch einen Mikrowellenerzeuger 7b und gemäß Fig. 4 durch eine elektrische Funkenentladungsstrecke 7c gebildet wird.2 to 4 each show a special embodiment for a Ozone generator 7, the ozone generator 7 according to FIG. 2 by an infrared lamp 7a, 3 by a microwave generator 7b and FIG. 4 by a electric spark discharge gap 7c is formed.

    Ferner kann auf den Sauerstoff-Ionenleiter 14 und die Pumpe 19 verzichtet werden, wie dies in der Fig. 5 dargestellt ist. Hier ist der Ozongenerator 7 bzw. 7a, 7b, 7c direkt in der Abgasleitung 2 angeordnet, wobei beispielhaft jeweils ein UV-Strahler 7a, ein Mikrowellenstrahler 7b sowie eine Funkenstrecke 7c dargestellt sind. Bei einer Anordnung eines der genannten Ozongenerators 7a, 7b oder 7c in der Leitung 2 wird eine kleine Bauweise erreicht. Ferner entfällt der Zuführungsweg für das Ozon. Furthermore, the oxygen ion conductor 14 and the pump 19 can be dispensed with, such as this is shown in FIG. 5. Here is the ozone generator 7 or 7a, 7b, 7c directly in the Exhaust line 2 arranged, each with a UV emitter 7a, for example Microwave emitters 7b and a spark gap 7c are shown. At a Arrangement of one of the ozone generators 7a, 7b or 7c mentioned in the line 2 is achieved a small size. Furthermore, the supply route for the ozone is omitted.

    Im Funktionsbetrieb der Abgasanlage 1 strömt das Abgas in Fig. 1 von links nach rechts durch die Abgasleitung 2. An der Einmündungs- bzw. Abgabestelle 8 gelangt das Ozon in den Abgasstrom, in den es verteilt und vermischt wird, z.B. selbsttätig aufgrund der Strömung und des Strömungswegs b zwischen der Stelle 8 und dem Katalysator 5.In the functional operation of the exhaust system 1, the exhaust gas flows from left to right in FIG. 1 through the exhaust pipe 2. At the junction or delivery point 8, the ozone reaches into the exhaust gas stream into which it is distributed and mixed, e.g. automatically due to the Flow and the flow path b between the point 8 and the catalyst 5.

    Wenn zur Ozonerzeugung rückgeführte Abluft 12 benutzt wird, hat das dem Partikelfilter zugeführte Ozon oder mit Ozon angereicherte Gas bereits Betriebstemperatur.If recirculated air 12 is used to generate ozone, this has the particle filter supplied ozone or gas enriched with ozone already operating temperature.

    Im Funktionsbetrieb der Abgasanlage 1 strömt das Abgas in Fig. 1 von links nach rechts durch die Abgasleitung 2. An der Einmündungs- bzw. Abgabestelle 8a gelangt das Ozon in den Abgasstrom, in den es verteilt und vermischt wird, z.B. selbsttätig aufgrund der Strömung und des Strömungswegs b zwischen der Abgabestelle 8a und dem Partikelfilter 5. Der Erfindung liegt die Erkenntnis zugrunde, das eine Ozonzugabe zum Abgas die Verbrennung der Partikel, insbesondere Rußpartikel fördert. Dabei richtet sich die Verbrennungsleistung des Ozons nach dem Mengenverhältnis, in dem es dem Abgas zugegeben wird. Mit dem Abgas gelangt das Ozon somit vorzugsweise kontinuierlich zum Partikelfilter 5, in dessen Bereich die Filterpartikel teilweise oder ganz kontinuierlich abgebrannt werden. Dabei erweist sich das Ozon als Abbrennhilfe.In the functional operation of the exhaust system 1, the exhaust gas flows from left to right in FIG. 1 through the exhaust pipe 2. The ozone reaches the junction 8a into the exhaust gas stream into which it is distributed and mixed, e.g. automatically due to the Flow and the flow path b between the discharge point 8a and Particle filter 5. The invention is based on the knowledge that an ozone addition to the Exhaust gas promotes the combustion of the particles, especially soot particles. Doing so the combustion performance of the ozone according to the ratio in which it is Exhaust gas is added. The ozone therefore preferably passes with the exhaust gas continuously to the particle filter 5, in the area of which the filter particles are partially or completely be burned down continuously. The ozone proves to be a burning aid.

    Im Rahmen der Erfindung kann die Erzeugung oder Zuführung des Ozons kontinuierlich oder diskontinuierlich erfolgen. Letzteres kann durch eine nicht dargestellte Steuereinrichtung, insbesondere die vorhandene elektronische Steuereinrichtung, durch Einschaltung und Abschaltung erfolgen, z.B. durch Einschaltung und Abschaltung jeweils des Stromkreislaufs der UV-Lampe 7a, des Ionenleiters 14, des Mikrowellengenerators 7b und/oder der Funkenentladungsstrecke 7c. In the context of the invention, the generation or supply of the ozone can be carried out continuously or be carried out discontinuously. The latter can be done by a not shown Control device, in particular the existing electronic control device Switch on and switch off, e.g. by switching on and off each of the circuit of the UV lamp 7a, the ion conductor 14, the Microwave generator 7b and / or the spark discharge path 7c.

    BEZUGSZEICHENLISTEREFERENCE SIGN LIST

    11
    AbgasanlageExhaust system
    22nd
    AbgasleitungExhaust pipe
    2a2a
    RohrleitungsabschnittPipe section
    2b2 B
    RohrleitungsabschnittPipe section
    33rd
    BrennkraftmaschineInternal combustion engine
    44th
    StrömungsrichtungFlow direction
    55
    PartikelfilterParticle filter
    5a5a
    Gehäusecasing
    66
    OxidationskatalysatorOxidation catalyst
    6a6a
    Gehäusecasing
    77
    OzongeneratorOzone generator
    7a7a
    UV-StrahlerUV lamp
    7b7b
    MikrowellenstrahlerMicrowave oven
    7c7c
    FunkenentladungsstreckeSpark discharge gap
    88th
    AbgabestelleDelivery point
    99
    ZuführungsleitungSupply line
    1010th
    1111
    Zuluft, Sekundärluft oder AbgasSupply air, secondary air or exhaust gas
    1212th
    Abgas bzw. AbluftExhaust gas or exhaust air
    1313
    LeitungsabzweigLine branch
    1414
    Sauerstoff-IonenleiterOxygen ion conductor
    14a14a
    AußenseiteOutside
    14b14b
    Innenseiteinside
    1515
    Rohrpipe
    1616
    Kammerchamber
    1717th
    1818th
    GeneratorgehäuseGenerator housing
    1919th
    GaspumpeGas pump

    Claims (12)

    Vorrichtung zur Reinigung des Abgases einer Brennkraftmaschine (3), mit einer Abgasleitung (2) und einem darin angeordneten Partikelfilter (5) zum Filtern von im Abgas enthaltenen Partikeln, wobei eine Ozonquelle (8) vorgesehen ist, die Ozon an das Abgas in der Abgasleitung (2) an einer Abgabestelle (8) abgibt, bevor das Abgas zum Partikelfilter (5) gelangt dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Qzonquelle (8) in einer mit der Abgasleitung (2) verbundenen Zuführungsleitung (9) für Luft- bzw. Sekundärluft und/oder rückgeführtes Abgas angeordnet ist.Device for cleaning the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine (3), with an exhaust gas line (2) and a particle filter (5) arranged therein for filtering particles contained in the exhaust gas, an ozone source (8) being provided, which ozone to the exhaust gas in the exhaust gas line (2) releases at a delivery point (8) before the exhaust gas reaches the particle filter (5), characterized in that the Qzone source (8) in a supply line (9) for air or secondary air and / which is connected to the exhaust gas line (2). or recirculated exhaust gas is arranged. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abgabestelle (8) einen stromaufwärts gerichteten Abstand (b) vom Partikelfilter (5) aufweist.Apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the delivery point (8) is at an upstream distance (b) from the particle filter (5). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zuführungsleitung (2) in einem stromaufwärts gerichteten Abstand (b) vom Partikelfilter (5) in die Abgasleitung (2) mündet.Apparatus according to claim 2, characterized in that the feed line (2) opens into the exhaust line (2) at an upstream distance (b) from the particle filter (5). Vorrichtung nach einem der vorangegangenen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zuführungsleitung (9) einen Lufteinlaß aufweist und/oder mit einem Leitungszweig (13) für rückgeführtes Abgas verbunden ist.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the feed line (9) has an air inlet and / or is connected to a line branch (13) for recirculated exhaust gas. Vorrichtung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Ozonquelle (8) durch einen Ozongenerator (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) gebildet wird.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ozone source (8) is formed by an ozone generator (7, 7a, 7b, 7c). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Ozongenerator (7, 7a, 7b, 7c) Frischluft oder Abgas zugeführt wird.Apparatus according to claim 5, characterized in that fresh air or exhaust gas is fed to the ozone generator (7, 7a, 7b, 7c). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ozongenerator (7) durch eine UV-Lampe (7a), einen Mikrowellengenerator (7b) oder eine elektrische Funkenentladungsstrecke (7c) gebildet wird. Device according to claim 6, characterized in that the ozone generator (7) is formed by a UV lamp (7a), a microwave generator (7b) or an electrical spark discharge path (7c). Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ozongenerator (7) einen Sauerstoff-Ionenleiter (14) aufweist.Device according to one of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the ozone generator (7) has an oxygen ion conductor (14). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Ozongenerator eine Pumpe (19) aufweist.Device according to claim 9, characterized in that the ozone generator has a pump (19). Vorrichtung nach einem der vorherigen Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß dem Partikelfilter (5) ein Katalysator (6), insbesondere ein Oxydationskatalysator, vorgeordnet ist.Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a catalyst (6), in particular an oxidation catalyst, is arranged upstream of the particle filter (5). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwischen dem Partikelfilter (5) und dem Katalysator (6) ein sich in der Längsrichtung der Abgasleitung (2) erstreckender Abstand (a) vorgesehen ist.Apparatus according to claim 10, characterized in that a distance (a) extending in the longitudinal direction of the exhaust pipe (2) is provided between the particle filter (5) and the catalytic converter (6). Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 113, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Zuführungsleitung (9) zwischen dem Katalysator (6) und dem Partikelfilter (5) in die Abgasleitung (2) mündet.Apparatus according to claim 113, characterized in that the feed line (9) between the catalyst (6) and the particle filter (5) opens into the exhaust line (2).
    EP00100868A 1999-02-02 2000-01-18 Device for purifying the exhaust gas from an internal combustion engine Withdrawn EP1026373A3 (en)

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    DE1999104068 DE19904068A1 (en) 1999-02-02 1999-02-02 Device for cleaning the exhaust gas of an internal combustion engine
    DE19904068 1999-02-02

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