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EP1024894A1 - Treatment of fluids - Google Patents

Treatment of fluids

Info

Publication number
EP1024894A1
EP1024894A1 EP98936639A EP98936639A EP1024894A1 EP 1024894 A1 EP1024894 A1 EP 1024894A1 EP 98936639 A EP98936639 A EP 98936639A EP 98936639 A EP98936639 A EP 98936639A EP 1024894 A1 EP1024894 A1 EP 1024894A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
filter
adsorbent
intermetauic
fluid
surfactant
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
EP98936639A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Roger Duffield
Randall German
Teh Fu University of Southern California YEN
Ronald Iacocca
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
KLINAIR ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGIES (IRELAND) LIMIT
Original Assignee
Duffield Roger
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from IE980287A external-priority patent/IE980287A1/xx
Application filed by Duffield Roger filed Critical Duffield Roger
Publication of EP1024894A1 publication Critical patent/EP1024894A1/en
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01D—SEPARATION
    • B01D15/00—Separating processes involving the treatment of liquids with solid sorbents; Apparatus therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
    • B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
    • B01J20/00—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof
    • B01J20/02—Solid sorbent compositions or filter aid compositions; Sorbents for chromatography; Processes for preparing, regenerating or reactivating thereof comprising inorganic material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G25/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils in the absence of hydrogen, with solid sorbents
    • C10G25/003—Specific sorbent material, not covered by C10G25/02 or C10G25/03
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
    • C10G31/00—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for
    • C10G31/09—Refining of hydrocarbon oils, in the absence of hydrogen, by methods not otherwise provided for by filtration

Definitions

  • the invention relates to treatment of fluids to remove undesirable constituents, more particularly chemical species.
  • Such fluid treatment arises to a large extent in the hydrocarbon fuel processing industry, for example, reduction of sulphur in an oil refinery.
  • One approach to such treatment is generally referred to as a hydrotteating process in which the feedstock is subjected to high temperatures and pressures. This approach involves a large energy input and equipment is expensive.
  • EP 254781 (Chevron) which involves contacting the feedstock with a sorbent having a metal such as sodium, potassium, barium or calcium.
  • EP 332324 (ICI) proposes removal of hydrogen sulphide by passing the feedstock through a zinc oxide-containing absorbent. The absorbent may be regenerated using a water-containing gas stream. It appears that absorption as a treatment method suffers from the problems of being effective only for gaseous feedstreams, and of allowing a limited feedstream throughput.
  • a method of treating a fluid having an undesirable chemical species comprising the step of bringing the fluid into contact with a filter having a surface crystal structure to facihtate adsorption of undesireable chemical species ofthe fluid onto the filter.
  • the filter comprises defect sites on the surface adjacent electron- deficient atoms. This provides a very effective adsorption mechanism.
  • the filter comprises an intermetallic, and the intermetallic may contain Sb and Sn.
  • the fluid contains water.
  • the fluid is a liquid and is an emulsion, and preferably one of the emulsion phases is an electrolyte.
  • the emulsifying agent is a surfactant.
  • the surfactant the surfactant is of the type which acts to reverse micelles cont ⁇ ining heterocyclic - containing groups so that these groups are orientated towards the outside.
  • the surfactant is of the type in which the hydrophobic group is the long chain and the hydrophihc group is a carboxylate.
  • a magnetic field is applied to the fluid as it is brought into contact with the filter.
  • an electrical potential may be applied to the filter.
  • the method comprises the further steps of rejuvenating the filter by washing with a water solution.
  • the fluid is a hydrocarbon oil feedstock.
  • viscosity is reduced.
  • turbidity is increased.
  • the invention also provides a method of treating an emulsion in which one phase is an electrolyte, by bringing the emulsion into contact with an adsorbent having a surface crystal structure.
  • the adsorbent is an intermetaUic.
  • the emulsifying agent is a surfactant.
  • the surfactant is of a type which acts to reverse micelles so that adsorbate species face outwardly.
  • the surfactant contains calcium.
  • the surfactant contains sodium.
  • the surfactant is of the type in which the hydrophobic group is the long chain and the hydrophilic group is a carboxylate.
  • electrical energy is applied to the adsorbent and the emulsion. The energy may be applied as a magnetic filed around the adsorbent. The energy may be applied as a direct voltage applied to the adsorbent.
  • the applied voltage may be in me range 0.8 V to 2.0 V.
  • me invention provides a method of treating a liquid comprising the steps of forming an emulsion in which one phase is an electrolyte and the emulsifying agent is a surfactant which acts to reverse micelles so that heterocyclic-containing functions are oriented towards the outside, and bringing the emulsion into contact with an adsorbent.
  • the adsorbent has a crystal structure.
  • the adsorbent comprises defect sites on its surface adjacent electron-deficient atoms.
  • the invention also provides a method of desulphurising a hydrocarbon feedstream comprising the steps of bringing the feedstream into contact with an adsorbent having a surface crystal structure until sulphur species adsorb onto the adsorbent surface.
  • the adsorbent comprises defect sites on its surface adjacent electron- deficient atoms.
  • the adsorbent is an intermetallic.
  • the adsorbent is an SbSn intermetaUic.
  • the invention also provides a fluid filter comprising having comprising having an adsorbent with surface crystal structure to facilitate adsorption of undesireable chemical species onto the filter when the fluid containing the adsorbate comes into contact with it.
  • the absorbent comprises defect sites on the surface at adjacent electron-deficient atoms.
  • the adsorbent is an intermetaUic.
  • the intermetallic is an SbSn intermetaUic.
  • the filter filter comprises means for applying electrical energy to enhance adsorption.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagram showing reversal of an asphaltene miceUe in an adsorbate fluid
  • Fig. 2 is a diagram iUustrating sulphur adsorption
  • Fig. 3 shows scanning electron micrographs of SbSn filter samples sintered in 100% hydrogen atmospheres
  • Fig. 4 is an X-ray diffraction pattern of sintered SbSn powder
  • Fig. 5 is an optical micrograph ofthe surface of SbSn filters
  • Figs. 6 and 7 are cyclic voltammogram plots indicating reactions of a fluid with a filter
  • Fig. 8 is a diagram showing an experimental set-up for treatment of hydrocarbon liquids.
  • Figs. 9, 10, and 11 are plots indicating adsorption of inorganic Sulphur on an intermetaUic filter.
  • the invention provides filtration of fluids by adsorption of undesirable species of fluids onto a filter surface.
  • the filtration medium material has a weU defined crystalline structure with surface cavities and defects generaUy in the nano-scale, 2nm to lOOnm.
  • the fluid preferably has the foUowing properties:-
  • the emulsifying agents are preferably surfactants which form layers containing vesicles and miceUes.
  • the general types of surfactant found to be suitable are anionic, ionic and Zwitterionic surfactants.
  • the hydrophobic group is the long chain (e.g. fatty acid) and the hydrophuic group is a carboxylate .
  • Na and Ca are preferably present as salts.
  • Such surfactants are naturaUy-occurring in petroleum resin and asphaltene fractions.
  • Such surfactants act! to reverse miceUes containing undesirable species.
  • An example is given in Fig. 1 in which the asphaltene in native petroleum is reversed.
  • the miceUe reversal arises by membrane mimetic chemistry action in which the heterocycUc containing functions (S,N,O) are orientated towards the outside from the miceUes. Consequentiy, chemical reactions such as destructive adsorption are facilitated.
  • the fluid is a gas
  • it must contain moisture and the molecules preferably have low molecular weights, below 200.
  • An example is natural gas in which the Sulphur species may be H2S, R2S, or RSH. AU of these have low molecular weights and are volatile, and may therefore undergo surface adsorption.
  • a liquid feedstock containing adsorbate species is brought into contact with the filter.
  • An electrical potential arises in the fluid causing electrokinetic (or "zeta") potential.
  • zeta electrokinetic
  • a potential may be caused by an externaUy-induced electrical field.
  • This potential in an environment in which the miceUes are reversed by the surfactants, causes the polar adsorbtate species to interact with the filter surface.
  • This action is a type of destructive adsorption in which bonds with the fluid are broken, for example an S-C bond.
  • the nucleophuic atoms attack electron deficient cavities in the filter.
  • adsorbent destruction cracks the asphaltene into resins or aromatics.
  • the diagram of Fig. 2 gives an iUustrative example.
  • the SbSn intermetaUic structure is identified as 10.
  • the Sb atoms form me electron deficient cavities 12 in the filter surface, and these attract nucleophuic polar sulphur heads 13 .
  • the long chain taU part 14 ofthe fluid molecule is broken by vibrational and rotational forces, and thus elemental sulphur is removed from the liquid.
  • the foUowing sets out one example of how an SbSn filter is produced. Words which are used in headings of subsequent parts ofthe description are underlined.
  • InitiaUy there is melt preparation in which an equiatomic composition of tin and antimony is melted in a graphite crucible using an induction heater. True atomic mterrnixing occurs in the molten state. The melt is held for 10 minutes at 500°C with a hydrogen gas cover to avoid oxidation.
  • the melt is bottom poured into an atomisation nozzle operated with high pressure nitrogen at a plenum pressure of 2.5 MPa for gas atomisation. Nitrogen escapes ti rough an annular gap surrounding the melt stream, causing formation of droplets. The adiabatic expansion of the gas rapidly cools the droplets and accelerates them away from d e melt source. During the subsequent flight, d e droplets freeze into SbSn intermetaUic crystalline particles with an average size of lO ⁇ m. The particles are coUected in a container containing nitrogen gas.
  • These particles may be directiy used because the microscopic size of the particles provides a high surface area for contact with the fuel.
  • the particles may be loose packed in a column.
  • the particles may also be used when bonded to a substrate.
  • a substrate having a porous structure may be used onto which the composition is coated, instead of providing an integral porous structure.
  • a ceramic or metaUic substrate may be used, and the composition may be coated by chemical or physical vapour deposition techniques, of by plasma spray coating.
  • me powder may be used as foUows to produce a porous structure through which fuel passes for surface contact.
  • the powder is loose packed into a machined graphite mould to form a disc witi me addition of approximately 2% by weight stearic acid as a pore former.
  • the graphite is heated in a hydrogen sintering atmosphere to bond the particles at 370°C for 30 minutes.
  • the filter thus produced has the foUowing properties:-
  • the materials used could in addition include other metals such as platinum, gold or paUadium.
  • the formulation need not be equiatomic.
  • the end-product intermetaUic preferably has a tin atomic percentage in the range of 39.5 to 57%.
  • the melt may be at any temperature at which it does not absorb and/ or react with oxygen.
  • the materials need not necessarily be melted.
  • separate powders could be mechanicaUy aUoyed with sufficient energy such that me metals physicaUy combine into a single powder.
  • the gas atomisation pressure is dependent on the desired particle size, whUe being sufficient to provide the necessary high cooling rate. It is estimated that this is at least 10 3 o C/s.
  • a lower pressure of 0.7 MPa may be used, providing a larger particle size of 20 ⁇ m.
  • the atomisation gas may alternatively be hydrogen, argon, helium or any other inert gas or any mixture of such gases.
  • the carbon deposition on the surface also hampered the sinterabUity of the powders.
  • the samples sintered using the hydrogen/nitrogen combination were black on me surface and were very frag e.
  • the carbon coating was found only on the surface and not on die other sides of die filter. The discoloration may also be due to carbon deposition.
  • Figure 3 shows fractographs of samples sintered in fuU hydrogen and fuU nitrogen atmospheres. They have a si ⁇ lar pore structure. The permeabUity, density and shrinkage of me filters sintered in 100% nitrogen and 100% hydrogen atmosphere are shown in Table 1.
  • powders mixed with 2 wt. % stearic acid showed the maximum permeabUity and pore size.
  • the powders can be sintered in both 100% hydrogen as weU as 100% nitrogen atmospheres, but for sintering in 100% nitrogen, the samples are covered at the top by a graphite boat to provide a reducing atmosphere.
  • the samples sintered in 100% nitrogen atmosphere also formed d e same intermetaUic SbSn phase.
  • Sintering may be carried out by heating graphite to 370°C in a graphite boat arrangement.
  • oxygen reacts with the graphite to form CO gas, further oxidation reactions leading to formation of C0 2 . Both reactions remove oxygen or oxides from the sintering environment.
  • Any suitable reducing atmosphere could be used. Examples are use of methane, CO, H 2 , N 2 - H 2 mixes, NH 3 , and dissociated ammonia. Suitable combinations of the above gases could be used by endothermic or exothermic burning processes. In particular, the use of H 2 -N 2 is attractive because at low H 2 levels of a few percent, the atmosphere is non-explosive, yet stiU reducing.
  • the process may have the additional step of adding an additive to the intermetaUic powder to dUate the pores during sintering to provide a larger catalyst surface area.
  • an additive to the intermetaUic powder to dUate the pores during sintering to provide a larger catalyst surface area.
  • This is briefly referred to above and is described in more detaU in this section.
  • stearic acid was chosen as a binder to be added to the powder to increase the permeabUity.
  • the stearic acid used was Industrene 5016 manufactured by Witco. The reason for choosing stearic acid was that it completely burns out before reaching the sintering temperature of 370°C.
  • Stearic acid and d e powder were mixed in a grinder to form a uniform blend of the powder and me binder. The total time of grinding was approximately 2 minutes. The grinding was done in short time intervals of 20 seconds so as to prevent melting of stearic acid caused by heat generated in the grinder.
  • the sintering experiments were carried out in a retort in both nitrogen and hydrogen atmospheres.
  • the permeabUity experiments were conducted using permeabUity measuring equipment using air as the flow medium and mercury as the reference liquid in a column.
  • the Archimedes method was used to measure the final density.
  • Table 2 compares the % density and permeabUity of filters sintered by mixing powders with different weight percentages of stearic acid at 370°C in H 2 atmosphere.
  • any suitable agent which occupies space during heating but burns our during sintering may be used. Clean burnout at relatively low temperatures is desired.
  • Stearic acid in powder form has been found to be suitable at a particle size of lOO ⁇ m or less. The powder may be added upon vibration of the intermetaUic powder to aUow a lower packing density, giving a dUated structure with a higher permeabUity after sintering.
  • Any suitable pore forming agent which has these general properties could be used, for example, ammonium carbonate, camphor, naphtfia, ice, monostearates, and also low molecular weight waxes and organic gels. It is also envisaged that a pore fo ⁇ ning agent which acts to provide a reducing atmosphere could be used, for example paraffin wax, which forms methane on burnout.
  • the filter could be formed from one or a number of layers so that the desired properties are obtained using me layers as "standard parts".
  • the filter could have physical properties which are different from those oudined above.
  • the foUowing are desirable parameter value ranges:-
  • Pore size 2 to 300 ⁇ m
  • SbSn intermetaUic may be produced by alternative techniques such as by physical vapour deposition. This depends on the structure of me filter, which in turn depends on d e particular operating conditions and type of feedstream being treated.
  • the filter is used to treat a fluid by bringing the fluid into contact with it, causing undesirable chemical species to be adsorbed onto its surface.
  • the filter acts as an adsorbent, the fluid species which is removed being the adsorbate.
  • the adsorption depends on die nature of die fluid being treated and on the fUtration process employed. Many different fluids may be treated, including many polymeric and hydrocarbon fluids.
  • the filtration may be enhanced by use of a magnetic field in the fluid.
  • an electrical potential may be applied to the filter itself.
  • Such electrical and /or magnetic fields provide an attraction gradient towards the filter.
  • Such a field may also aUow selectivity ofthe species adsorbed.
  • the filtration action provides beneficial effects for some fluids in addition to removal of undesirable species.
  • One such effect is reduction of viscosity of fluids such as non- Newtonian fluids including crude oU or condensate.
  • Anomer such effect is very quick destabilisation of an emulsion by virtue of a reaction with surfactants.
  • This action is particularly effective if the emulsifying agents are surfactants including Na and/or Ca ions. If water is to be introduced to die fluid to improve the filtration effect, the artificial surfactants should include Na and/or Ca ions.
  • a further effect is an increase in turbidity.
  • a clean filter is substituted and the original is cleaned. Cleaning involves application of an electric field to the filter, possibly with a wash using a strongly alkaline cleaning fluid. However, in some instances the filter may be cleaned witii a wash only.
  • cyclic voltammogram plots are shown for an infiltrated intermetaUic filter in an equal crude oU/water mixture.
  • the scan rate was lOmV/s, although this parameter is of littie importance because response was found to be independent of the scan rate.
  • peaks at c. -1.2 to -1.3 V This indicates drat a specific reaction occurs involving adsorption of a species onto the filter at a particular voltage bias. It also indicates that the process is not reversible because of lack of activity for forward bias.
  • a subsequent set of tests carried out with the water portion of die above mixture revealed d e plots shown in Fig. 7. There are again reaction peaks at c.
  • the foUowing examples lustrate the filtration method. Tests were carried out to analyse effectiveness of the filter in various adsorbate fluids. The tests were also carried out with a filter of another material - stainless steel.
  • the invention finds particular application in treatment of combustible fuels such as oU and natural gas because of die major impact these fuels have on the environment.
  • undesirable constituent is Sulphur, which is usuaUy present in the range of 100 to 1000 ppm. Sulphur not only poUutes the atmosphere itself, but it also poisons conventional catalysts for cleaning exhaust gases. Sulphur also damages engine parts such as turbine blades - causing major design and maintenance problems in the avionics field for example. Sulphur takes different forms, for example, thiophene, benzorhiophene or dibenzothiophene.
  • hydrotreating processes are used for removal of Sulphur and diese are effective for reduction to below 50 ppm. These processes are based on high pressure and temperature treatment with hydrogen to remove H 2 S. The coUected streams of H 2 S at the refinery are then further treated to remove and recover elemental Sulphur.
  • these processes involve not only very expensive and complex plant and control methods, but also a high energy input - again adversely affecting d e environment. These processes also reduce some of the unsaturated organic compounds present, consuming more Hydrogen than needed to treat the Sulphur.
  • Tests involved pumping the oU in a dynamic rig through a housing containing SbSn intermetaUic, providing a contact time of 1 to 5 seconds. Other tests were static - the filter being introduced into d e oU in powder form.
  • FIG. 8 an experimental apparatus 10 is illustrated.
  • the apparatus comprises a feed flask 11 from which the feedstock is drawn by a pump 12 through a powder bed 13 containing SbSn intermetaUic. Valves 14 aUow direction of the feedstock eitiier (a) in a single-pass flow to a sampling bottie 15 or (b) in a re-cycling flow.
  • a power supply 16 feeding a coU 17 provide an induced magnetic field in die powder bed 13, when activated.
  • Tests were carried out with a crude oU having a sulphur concentration as set out in Table 3 below, as determined by GC spectra.
  • the crude oU was pumped in die recycling circuit for 30 minutes.
  • the sample size was 600ml and it had a ratio of 3 parts oU to 2 parts water by volume.
  • the flow rate was 20 - 25 nU/min.
  • the quantity of SnSb intermetaUic powder was 40% ofthe weight of d e sample feedstock.
  • a voltage of 1.2 V was apphed to create a magnetic field and the emulsified effluent from the first stage (about 300ml) was pumped through the powder bed (adjusted to remain at 40% of sample weight) in a single pass to die sampling bottle 15.
  • the voltage level should be in die range 0.8 V to 2.0 V and is preferably approximately 1.2 V.
  • Tests were also carried out with partiy-refined oU, naphtha, in which d e predominant S-containing compounds were substituted thiophenes, benzothiophenes, and a smaU fraction of dibenzothiophenes.
  • the tests were dynamic - the oU being pumped through a housing containing polymer Raschig rings coated witii Sb/Sn intermetaUic. It was found tiiat die presence of water was necessary to obtain significant Sulphur reduction with optimum results being obtained when the fuU naphtha was emulsified witii water and dien filtered. Water washing prior to treatment gave reductions between 10% and 30%. Emulsification ofthe fuU naphtha with water using an added surfactant gave an improved performance. Tests have demonstrated a reduction from 1700 ppm to 700 ppm Sulphur.
  • Tests with diesel fuel have shown a reduction in the Sulphur levels by 40% without water treatment.
  • Gasoline has shown significant improvements when treated witiiout water treatment.
  • lighter petroleum gasoline, diesel and naphtha
  • heavy petroleum high Sulphur containing crude oU and heavy oU
  • the lighter petroleum contains mostly polar and polarizable Sulphur compounds such as mercaptans and hydrogen sulphide, but heavy oUs contain polarizable Sulphur compounds such as dibenzotiiiophenes.
  • polar or polarizable sulphide compounds from petroleum products tiian from crude petroleum.
  • a filtration system would comprise a control system which moves filters out ofthe flow conduit, cleans the filters and subsequendy moves them back into the flow conduit.
  • tiiat die surface of the filter is cleaned by immersion in a cleaning hquid and application of a voltage.
  • cyclic voltammogramms were carried out with a scan range of -1.5 V vs. SCE to 1.5 V vs. SCE.
  • the cleaning liquids were water, Alconox detergent, and again water. It was observed that current levels returned to d e same range as for the initial water test, indicating tiiat die detergent was removing significant quantities of Sulphur.
  • An XPS analysis of one filter demonstrated a reduction of 6 atomic % S to approximately zero.
  • the filtration method of die invention may be used with other fluids.
  • gases such as natural gas, combustion products or contaminated gases may be treated.
  • tiiat blood may be treated, in which case undesirable polar molecules may be removed.
  • More generaUy, food or medical products may be treated to remove undesirable constituents.
  • contaminated waste water and sea water may be effectively treated.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
  • Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
  • Solid-Sorbent Or Filter-Aiding Compositions (AREA)
EP98936639A 1997-07-21 1998-07-20 Treatment of fluids Ceased EP1024894A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (5)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US89760797A 1997-07-21 1997-07-21
US897607 1997-07-21
IE980287A IE980287A1 (en) 1998-04-16 1998-04-16 Treatment of fluids
IE980287 1998-04-16
PCT/IE1998/000061 WO1999004898A1 (en) 1997-07-21 1998-07-20 Treatment of fluids

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1024894A1 true EP1024894A1 (en) 2000-08-09

Family

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP98936639A Ceased EP1024894A1 (en) 1997-07-21 1998-07-20 Treatment of fluids

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP1024894A1 (no)
JP (1) JP2001510728A (no)
AU (1) AU8557598A (no)
CA (1) CA2297094A1 (no)
NO (1) NO20000274L (no)
WO (1) WO1999004898A1 (no)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6447577B1 (en) 2001-02-23 2002-09-10 Intevep, S. A. Method for removing H2S and CO2 from crude and gas streams
RU2727882C1 (ru) * 2019-05-15 2020-07-24 Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Астраханский государственный технический университет", ФГБОУ ВО "АГТУ" Способ очистки мазута от сероводорода

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH06271957A (ja) * 1993-03-17 1994-09-27 Ngk Insulators Ltd 多孔質金属体とその製造方法
AU2761695A (en) * 1994-08-29 1996-03-22 Micropyretics Heaters International Filter technology
TW374825B (en) * 1996-01-22 1999-11-21 Klinair Environmental Technologies Ireland Ltd A pre-combustion catalytic converter and a process for producing same

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO9904898A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO20000274L (no) 2000-03-21
AU8557598A (en) 1999-02-16
CA2297094A1 (en) 1999-02-04
NO20000274D0 (no) 2000-01-19
WO1999004898A1 (en) 1999-02-04
JP2001510728A (ja) 2001-08-07

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