EP0994751B1 - Method and device for grinding grains - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method for grinding grains, as well as to a device for implementing such a method. According to this method, the grains are humidified with a liquid, and compression and shear forces are applied to the grains with a first pair of rollers (4), so that the grain core internal structure (endosperm) is modified and the grain skin undergoes little or no damage. The grains are then transferred to another pair of rollers (5) having a ribbed surface for grinding. This is followed by grinding by another pairs of rollers (6) and/or sieving of the ground products, so that the final product is substantially in the form of flour. The inventive method is a low grinding method.

Description

The invention relates to a method for grinding cereals and an apparatus to carry out the method (flat grinding method) according to the preamble of claims 1 and 15.

Such a method is known for example from US 2,221,802 A.

According to WO 92/10296, the state of the art also includes a flat grinding method (Deep milling), in the case of wheat grains the endosperm is separated from the shell. According to this The wheat grains are moved between two rollers of a first pair of rollers flattened. For this are the Rolls formed with a smooth surface. The gap is chosen so that the wheat grains are flattened.

The flattened wheat grains are without intermediate sieving fed two further pairs of rollers. These pairs of rollers have corrugated rollers, the first pair of rollers about eight ripples per centimeter and the second Pair has about eleven ripples per centimeter.

The rollers of the first corrugated pair of rollers point different speeds of rotation. As well the rollers of the second corrugated pair of rollers have different ones Rotation speeds on.

After the grains these three pairs of rollers have passed through, the ground products are a plansifter fed. Bran parts are sifted out and others Fed for purposes. Flour products are either direct a further use or another Roll mill fed with two pairs of rollers, the first Roller pair has corrugated rollers and the second Pair of rollers is equipped with smooth rollers.

The resulting product is in turn the plan sifter fed, and the sieved here, that is falling parts are also of further use fed. The transitions are again the last Roll mill fed.

With this method belonging to the state of the art a 72-75% flour yield is achieved.

The technical problem underlying the invention consists of a method and a device for grinding of cereals, where the cereals be shredded faster, and the first time Grinding proportionally more flour is obtained, and at where the total flour yield is more than 75%.

This technical problem is caused by the characteristics of the Claim 1 and solved by the features of claim 15.

Because the cereals after wetting fed with a liquid to a first pair of rollers in which, through the action of the shear forces, the inner The structure of the endosperm is changed, a high total flour yield preserved, and the cereals are at the subsequent grindings in the following Roller mills shredded faster. This is why only a few roller mills required.

In addition, the flour yield is after the first Milling cycle significantly larger than that of the prior art associated procedures. It is quite possible after the The first grind already contains 30 to 40% flour to obtain. The yield of light flour is also essential higher than that of the prior art Method.

To obtain flour, the flour body (endosperm) must be one Grain separated from the bran (husks and germs) become. The cereal grains are wetted with water for this, so that the shells soften and then peeled off can be.

This method is not only used for cereal grains, but also applied to other cereals where the shell is to be separated from the core. These are for example legumes, rice, corn, beans, also coffee beans, Cocoa beans and the like.

That is why everyone under the term cereals To understand fruits that have a core and a hard or soft skin or skin surrounding the core.

According to the invention, the cereals are made with water wetted so that the shells absorb the liquid and get a rubbery consistency. The wetting takes place according to the invention such that the shells have a greater moisture content have than the endosperm. This ensures that the shear forces only act in the endosperm. The rubbery shell is not or by the shear forces hardly attacked. The internal structure of the endosperm will opened up differently.

Basically, shell and endosperm have a certain Basic moisture content, for example 13%. The moisture in the shell is caused by wetting with liquid, for example, increased to 16%.

The method according to the invention basically works even if the endosperm also absorbs liquid. The main thing is that the shell has greater moisture has than the endosperm.

In the following an endosperm, which only the Has basic moisture content and no or hardly any has absorbed more liquid through wetting, referred to as dry or nearly dry.

The cereals in a wetting device are advantageous wetted with the liquid. The grains are preferably mixed with liquid for this purpose and passed through a tube which is vibrating is transferred. The cereal-liquid mixture is subjected to strong acceleration forces in the tube. Such wetting is known from DE-PS 41 27 290 C2.

By wetting the cereals with the liquid In the jogger, the grains for prepared the following grinding process. By an optimal selected standby time ensures that the shell of the Grains are flexible while the endosperm is dry or stays nearly dry. This so-called "glass transition" has the important function that the shell has a maximum Has flexibility while the endosperm is dry remains. Depending on the quality of the product to be ground the glass transition can be determined and the conditions for the wetting and the waiting time on the ground Product to be customized.

By the vibration of the cereal-liquid mixture or even through the vibration of the water the water molecules are changed so that these easier to penetrate the cell membrane and thus an optimal one Wetting the cereals is possible.

The grains become a first after wetting Roll pair supplied, in which a roller preferably is smooth or approximately smooth, and in which the second roller preferably has a fine corrugation. This fine corrugation is preferably very fine corrugation, for example with fourteen ripples per centimeter or more trained. The corrugation is according to the invention chosen with a twist of plus / minus two to four degrees. However, it is also possible to design the rollers differently. It is important that the first pair of rollers is almost exclusively only exerts pressure and shear forces on the cereals, and that the cereals only in the second and possibly downstream pairs of rollers are ground.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, both rollers run with it same or approximately the same speed of rotation. It is conceivable, the rollers in a ratio of 1: 1.05 or larger to let go. The shear forces act on the endosperm in that the moistened grain on the smooth roller with the rubbery bowl slipping past while the grain from the roller with the corrugation, as is known per se, is transported. This means that the grain from the smooth roller is hardly moved forward while the grain from the roller with the corrugation at the same time Smooth roller on the opposite side transported is so that in the grain and especially in the endosperm Shear forces occur.

Here, the first roller is followed by one or more pairs of rollers, in which each roller has a corrugation has, preferably with nine to twelve corrugations per Centimeter. With these rollers, the corrugations preferably have a rounded corrugated surface. Between the ripples the so-called "Riffelgrund" is also rounded. The corrugated surfaces and the corrugated bases preferably have about the same fillet.

Due to the rounding of the corrugated surfaces and the corrugated bases it is achieved that the proportion of flour obtained during grinding is obtained, is significantly increased.

The second or one of the following pairs of rollers is a pair of rollers in a further embodiment of the invention subordinate, which referred to as a "leveling roller pair" becomes. The rollers of this pair of rollers have one smooth or nearly smooth surface. This pair of rollers has the task of parts of bran, which is a domed Show form and to which endosperm still adheres, in one to bring flat shape. This in turn affects the effect that the shell is rubbery from the previous wetting while the endosperm is dry and hard. The Endosperm is at least cracked between the rollers or even partially detached from the shell.

After the second or one of the following pairs of rollers the material to be ground is fed to a plansifter, where the first flour is already sifted and the remaining transition to the next pair of rollers or next roller pairs is fed.

After equalization of the bran particles, they become fed to one or more further pairs of rollers. Subsequently, a sighting can take place again, whereby Coarse bran or fine bran is sieved. The bran can a bran spinner to be still attached Separate endosperm particles.

The bran is then used again.

After the cereals in the invention Device were ground, is obtained after screening different types of flour, for example light flour, medium-dark flour or dark flour. Depending on the setting the device according to the invention also contains atta flour or whole wheat flour. Atta flour means that a 90- to 94% yield of the total grain is achieved. Whole wheat flour contains 100% or almost 100% of the total Cereal grain. Depending on the setting of the invention Device can, however, 3 to 5% of the accruing Products removed as mist or semolina during the grinding process become. These can be, for example, a semolina cleaning machine or the like.

The method has the advantage that it manages with a very small number of roller mills and at the same time a very high proportion of flour, i.e. the highest possible Yields can be achieved. The yields depend on the correct addition of water when wetting and the optimal one Waiting time. It is possible with very few roller mills, that is with a simplified mill and one short diagram to achieve optimal yields.

Depending on the guidance of the rollers, this can be used for flat milling belonging process, which is primarily the flour production also serves as a method which goes towards semi-high waste. In this case you get more greens and fumes, which from the diagram can be screened in between, for example with With the help of classifiers or semolina cleaning machines or others such machines.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, a very simple, rational and energy saving process for grinding Grains, a process in which Flour is made.

Advantage of the invention is that the grinding technique, at the pressure and shear forces act on the grain, a perfect other breakdown of the grain causes. The endosperm structure in particular is demonstrably different than in the processes belonging to the prior art, destroyed.

As a result, aroma and odor substances are better exposed, in contrast to the conventional methods of Advanced milling. Whole grain flours in particular show this better Exposing the aroma and smell substances. Compare bakers the quality of the generated with the inventive method Flour with the flour of milling products, that means products that have been ground on stone.

In addition, the flours according to the invention Processes were grinded to much better processing criteria on, such as increasing water intake. This means that a higher dough yield for the processor of the flour is obtained. The increase in water intake is controlled by certain measures, for example by adding water during wetting and the change in the waiting time as well as the change in the Roller guide, the roller corrugation, the twist and the speed of rotation.

In addition, the dough properties change. The dough gains more flexibility when using flour which is obtained by the method according to the invention becomes. This is achieved in that the boundary layers of the endosperm exposed during the first reduction process and get to the main flour.

Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that the system according to the invention the highest hygiene requirements it is sufficient because the short diagram means only short transport routes required are.

The fact that only a few roller mills according to the invention are required is only a very low energy requirement required, that is, very few Kilowatts consumed per ton and hour.

According to the prior art, about 50 kilowatts consumed per ton and hour, while according to the invention Process so far less than 36 kilowatts per hour and ton.

In addition, the device according to the invention very easy to use. This is particularly advantageous since the device according to the invention mainly in Countries where it is primarily used depends on the high yield of flour. With the invention High flour yields are achieved under Maintaining the high quality of the end products.

Another advantage of the invention is that a simple Handling is possible. In addition, the invention Process with the least amount of effort Electronics. It is even possible to use the invention To drive the device in manual mode. But it is also a fully automatic or semi-automatic operation possible.

The device according to the invention is of modular construction built up, that is, the actual core of the device can be supplemented with the wetting unit and the roller mills with special machines or a cleaning unit. This equipment with additional modules can also be retrofitted possible, so that the device according to the invention has good retrofittability.

Another advantage of the invention is that the low Material use only a few spare parts are required. In addition, according to the invention, only three or four different types of rollers are provided, namely Smooth rollers, rollers with fine corrugations and rollers with rounded ones Corrugated surfaces or corrugated mirrors and between corrugated bases provided on the rollers. For this reason spare parts procurement is also easy.

The rollers with worn mirrors are preferred used as the last pair of rollers to split off of endosperm particles from the bran particles. These rollers, the ripples with little or no protrusion have, but essentially longitudinal depressions, run preferably at different speeds, so that the endosperm particles shear off the fine Bran is done.

According to a further preferred embodiment of the invention, before Wetting unit provided a cleaning unit. This cleaning unit takes over the tasks of pre-cleaning, pre-cleaning with stone selection, one Main cleaning with and without Stone selection, a main cleaning with and without ergot separation, an exclusive stone selection or one exclusive ergot separation.

This cleaning unit is designed such that several separation processes according to density, sink rate, Mass or shape can be carried out. This is through an air flow generated by one fan several and differently arranged work surfaces. The work surfaces are preferably as perforated screens or Special sieves or as wire mesh with different mesh sizes educated. The work surfaces can be independent adjust each other in their inclination.

In addition, the wetting device is a special preparation upstream or downstream. This has that Advantage that all types of grain, such as wheat, rye, Barley, but also other cereals, such as rice, corn, durum, Grind sorghum, spelled, millet, malt and the like can be. This too is for the countries in which it is to a simple grinding process with a high yield with flexibility at the same time, great Importance. In these countries it is important in one day Wheat, barley the next day and corn on the third day to be able to grind one and the same device.

With the combined grinding of different types of grain it is advantageous to provide roller mills whose pairs of rollers are individually controlled and driven. In this case it is possible, for example with the Millet only or almost only the upper pair of rollers, when grinding wheat only or almost only that lower pair of rollers and, for example, when grinding Use barley both pairs of rollers for grinding. This is possible because the rollers of the roller pairs are different Have corrugations and for different types of grain or grain rolls with different corrugations must be used. For example, wheat mainly ground with smooth rollers, while rye is mainly ground with corrugated rollers. Through this Measure, the diagram of the mill is significantly shortened.

Depending on the product, a special machine is advantageous switched in front of the actual grinding unit. For example can be a dry or wet disinfection for corn be provided, while for barley or oats a peeling, Scouring, sanding or polishing machine as a special machine is provided.

According to the invention, the wetting unit is a thermal cabinet upstream or downstream. In countries with extreme Temperatures, it is necessary to wet the grain before wetting and / or grinding to a temperature, preferably bring between 18 and 20 ° C.

The grains are advantageously after wetting with the liquid and before milling microwaves exposed. A microwave treatment of cereals is from GB-PS 1 379 116 and from GB-PS 571 710 known.

On the one hand, this produces aroma substances, similar to a roasting process. On the other hand, one Kind of cooking process carried out in the inner core. hereby the strength is more or less unlocked. The treatment the cereals with microwaves has an advantageous effect on the ground products obtained.

It is also possible to mill the products yourself using microwaves to treat. This will upgrade the products.

The first pair of rollers and / or one is advantageous of the subsequent roller pairs and / or a plan sifter a granulator downstream. The cutting mill has according to the invention a cutting head and / or a micro cutting head on. Especially by crushing the Cereals with a micro cutting head it is possible significantly shorten the diagram of the mill.

The use of the cutting mill is advantageous among other things in the production of wholemeal flour. It is possible, with the granulator the ingredients of the cereals, especially the shell, to shred very finely, so that a very fine and good whole grain flour in one a very short mill diagram can also be produced.

Using the granulator it is beyond that possible to produce very fine flours (e.g. 40 µm), which with normal mills hardly or only under one very great effort is possible.

According to the invention, a flat grinding method is specified. The diagram of this flat grinding process can be used a cutter significantly. But also the use The granulators in the high-milling plant bring a significant Shortening the diagram with it, so that too this use is very beneficial.

According to the invention it is possible to use the flat grinding method to get flour with a very short diagram. As already stated, this diagram is provided by the Use of one or more granulators shortened.

According to the invention, the roller pairs are arranged in such a way that the device single roller mills or multiple roller mills having.

According to a further advantageous embodiment of the invention, each roller mill has vibration monitoring. This vibration monitor monitors the decibel values of the roller mill. Every roller mill has special decibel values depending on the product type, depend on the quantity and quality of the product. The individual setpoints are specified in a controller, that is, the vibration value is set to a target value between a minimum and a maximum value. Is the minimum or maximum value for an unmanned If the grinder is exceeded, the grinder automatically off. There can also be floors or departments be equipped with decibel monitoring.

The rollers of one or more roller mills can be used a number of revolutions of 1000 to 1500 revolutions per Minute walk.

Further details of the invention can be found in the subclaims be removed.

Fig. 1

eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung;

Fig. 2

das erste Walzenpaar der Fig. 1 im Schnitt;

Fig. 3

das zweite Walzenpaar der Fig. 1 im Schnitt;

Fig. 4

weitere der Vorrichtung aus Fig. 1 nachgeschaltete Walzenpaare;

Fig. 5

eine Walze des letzten Walzenpaares der Fig. 4 im Schnitt;

Fig. 6

einen Teil des letzten Walzenpaares der Fig. 4 im Schnitt;

Fig. 7

Zusatzeinrichtungen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung;

Fig. 8

eine Reinigungseinheit im Schnitt;

Fig. 9

einen Walzenstuhl im Schnitt;

Fig. 10

einen Schnitt nach der Linie X-X der Fig. 9;

Fig. 11

eine erfindungsgemäße Vorrichtung mit einer Schneidmühle;

Fig. 12

einen Schneidkopf einer Schneidmühle im Querschnitt;

Fig. 13

einen Mikroschneidkopf einer Schneidmühle im Querschnitt.

An exemplary embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing, namely:

Fig. 1

a device according to the invention;

Fig. 2

the first pair of rollers of Figure 1 in section.

Fig. 3

the second pair of rollers of Figure 1 in section.

Fig. 4

further roller pairs downstream of the device from FIG. 1;

Fig. 5

a roller of the last pair of rollers of Figure 4 in section.

Fig. 6

part of the last pair of rollers of Figure 4 in section.

Fig. 7

Additional devices of the device according to the invention;

Fig. 8

a cleaning unit in section;

Fig. 9

a roller mill in section;

Fig. 10

a section along the line XX of Fig. 9;

Fig. 11

a device according to the invention with a cutting mill;

Fig. 12

a cutting head of a cutting mill in cross section;

Fig. 13

a micro cutting head of a cutting mill in cross section.

Fig. 1 shows a device (1) with a wetting device (2), a stand-off cell (3), pairs of rollers (4, 5; 6, 7) and a plan sifter (8).

The grains to be ground are in the direction the arrow (A) of the wetting device (2). The wetting device (2) consists of a vertical arranged tube (9), which is arranged with a vertical axis is. The tube (9) is with a not shown The motor starts to vibrate so that the grains, those in the pipe or in front of the pipe with a liquid were placed in the tube strong acceleration forces get abandoned.

The shaken grain-liquid mixture is the stand-off cell (3) fed. The grains remain here for a certain amount of time to achieve optimal wetting to achieve.

Then the grains are the actual ones Grinding process supplied. For this the grains fed to the first pair of rollers (4) and immediately thereafter the second pair of rollers (5).

The first pair of rollers (4) consists of two rollers (10, 11), the roller (10) being designed as a smooth roller and the roller (11) has a fine special corrugation.

The grains have a due to the wetting rubbery shell and a dry or nearly dry Endosperm on.

2, the rollers (10 and 11) are shown. The Rollers (10, 11) run with the same or approximately the same Rotation speed. A grain of grain (12), which has a shell (13) and an endosperm (14) between the rollers (10, 11). The roller (11) transported with ripples (15) the grain (12) in the direction of the arrow (B). Slips through the smooth surface of the roller (10) the rubber-like shell (13) of the grain (12) on the roller (10) over and will not run at the same speed transported as by the roller (11). Do this Shear forces within the grain (12), which are in the first Line affect the endosperm (14) because the rubbery Shell (13) is resilient, while in the endosperm (14) the internal structure due to the shear forces is changed.

1, the cereals are then the second pair of rollers (5) with the rollers (16, 17) fed.

3, the rollers (16, 17) have asymmetrical trained ripples. The surfaces (20) of the corrugations (18, 19) are referred to as "backs". The rollers (16, 17) are arranged such that the backs (20) of the corrugations (18) and the backs (20) of the corrugations (19) are arranged opposite one another are. The rollers (16, 17) are, so to speak, "backs against Back "arranged. The corrugated surfaces or also corrugated mirror (69) are rounded, as are the corrugated bases (70) between the corrugations (18, 19).

The rolls (16, 17) are finely fluted rolls nine to fourteen ripples per centimeter. The rollers point preferably a diameter of 250 mm. The roller (17) has a higher rotational speed than the roller (16). For example, the amount of revolution speed the roller (17) 2.5 times larger than the amount of the rotational speed of the roller (16). The fast roller (17) preferably runs at 450 up to 500 revolutions per minute.

According to Fig. 1, the cereals are after passing through of the pair of rollers (5) fed to the plan sifter (8). The Ground products are sieved in the plan sifter (8). The The plan sifter (8) has several screens (21, 22, 23) on. The transition of the screen (21) is the pair of rollers (6) fed. The transition of the sieve (22), known as coarse bran is called, a bran spinner (24), and the Transition of the sieve (23), which is referred to as fine bran is fed to a bran spinner (25).

The diarrhea (26, 27, 28) of the sieves (21, 22, 23) can be separated again. In the diarrhea (26, 27, 28) there is a large proportion of flour (29), a small proportion Share of haze and semolina and another share (31) of ground products that can be processed further.

According to the invention, the small amount of haze and grinding, such as the grinding products (31), the further grinding processing fed. But it is also possible to use this small proportion of haze and semolina of a semolina cleaning machine (30) feed.

The transition of the sieve (21), as already stated, fed to the pair of rollers (6). The pair of rollers (6) has smooth rollers (32, 33) which adhere to the shells Crack open endosperm parts, so to speak. The shell parts are mostly curved. On this Shell parts hang endosperm parts. The bowls are from wet, that is, they have a rubbery Consistency while the endosperm parts dry and are rigid. Because the shells with the endosperm parts through the smooth rollers, the shells, at least in the short term, brought into a flat shape. The endosperm parts cannot understand this movement, so that they are cracked or already partially solved.

The pair of rollers (6) is the pair of rollers (7) with the rollers (34, 35) subordinate, which with that in the pair of rollers (6) prepared product another milling process performs.

Then the ground products are again the plansifter (8), where again the one described above Sieving process is carried out.

The ground products (31) can further pairs of rollers (36, 37, 38, 39). The pair of rollers (36) is like the pair of rollers (5 or 7), finely corrugated (see Fig. 3). The pair of rollers (36) has the task of none Carry out grinding process, but the product for the underlying Prepare the pair of rollers (38) optimally.

4, the ground products are then one Plansifter (40) fed in which the ground products are sifted become. The sighting is carried out analogously to the sighting, as described in Fig. 1.

A transition from the plan sifter (40) becomes the roller pairs (38, 39) fed. It is also possible to make transitions feed the underlying sieves to the roller pairs (38, 39). However, these transitions can also be used, for example be pulled off as bran.

The pair of rollers (38), like the pair of rollers (36) and the pair of rollers (5) made of corrugated rollers.

The pair of rollers (38) and the pair of rollers (39) have corrugations (43) on (Fig. 5), which are flattened. The Ripples (43) were (broken) from worn ripples (44) shown). The depth (71) and the worn imaginary supernatant (72) have a ratio of 60:40 on.

6, the operation of the rollers (41, 42) of the pair of rollers (39). Between the rollers (41, 42) is part of a grain (45) with endosperm residues (46) arranged. The roller (42) runs with one greater rotational speed than the roller (41). For example, the speed of rotation of the roller 1.5 times larger than that of the roller (41).

The grinding gap (47) is chosen to be relatively narrow, so that the shell (45) in depressions (48) between the corrugations (43) sets. The fact that the rollers (41, 42) with different Rotation speed, the remaining endosperm parts (46) detached from the shell (45).

Through this grinding process according to the invention, a very high yield of flour obtained with very few rollers.

Fig. 7 shows a schematic of special facilities that upstream or downstream of the wetting device (2) are. The cleaning facility is one of the special facilities (49), with which a pre-cleaning or also a Main cleaning of the material to be ground is carried out.

8, the cleaning device (49) has work surfaces (50, 51, 52), which are used as perforated screens or Special sieves or wire mesh with different Mesh sizes are formed.

There is an air flow in the cleaning device (49) generated in such a way that the goods to be cleaned on the work surfaces (50, 51, 52) is transported. The thing to be cleaned Good is in the direction of arrow (C) through a feeder passed into the cleaning device (49). The Good flow is prevented by a pendulum flap closed the vacuum in the cleaning device (49).

The goods to be cleaned reach the work surface (50). Happens on the wire mesh of the work surface (50) Particle stratification in the flowing material flow. heavy (53) is led away, for example, in the direction of arrow (D) through a corresponding inclination of the work surface (50). Light and large additions to the items to be cleaned are passed over the screen surfaces. Dust and chaff get into a dust separator with the exhaust air (73) (Filter, cyclone). The easier thing to clean for example cereal grains, is marked by a towards the arrows (E) directed air flow in the direction of Arrow (F) transported on. Through different mesh sizes the work surface (50) in the area (54) of the If the working area is larger than in area (55), this will happen depending on the size of the cleaning work on the next work surface (51 or 52) and, after a similar sorting, relies on the Work surfaces (51, 52) as the cleaning device (49) separate light goods (56, 57, 58).

To achieve effective air flow under the front part of the upper work surface (50) flow straightener arranged.

Located in the lower part of the machine (not shown) at least one in addition to various guide floors Table level with which the grain density is separated. A complete stone selection can be carried out here, for example. For example, if an ergot is to be separated, can with the lower part of the cleaning device (49) a density selection can also be carried out.

For the return of mixed fractions in their composition none of the target fractions match is contain a conveyor trough without its own drive, which the relevant material flow to the point of machine loading for admixing in the load.

7 are the wetting device (2) and one or more special machines arranged after the stand-off cell (3). This can be a peeling machine or a scrubbing machine (59), an impact sling (60), an emery or polishing machine (61), a read-out device (Trieur) (62), special meals or special roller mills (64). The special grinding courses can be a peeling course, a Dodging or a scrubbing or a polishing machine.

The special machines (59 to 64) can be used as required can also be arranged in front of the wetting device (2).

The special machines (59 to 64) is a microwave device (74) downstream, in the cereals (12) Exposed to microwaves.

The microwave device (74) can also directly be arranged after the stand-off cell (3).

Fig. 9 and Fig. 10 show a roller mill (68) with the roller (16). The material to be ground is in the direction of the Arrow (G) fed to the roller mill (68).

After grinding, the ground material falls over the whole Spread straight down in the direction of the arrows (H) a transport device, the vibrating trough (65) or is designed as a screw conveyor (not shown). From the vibrating trough (65), the grinding products of a device (66) fed for suction of the ground products. Of here the ground products are fed to a tube (67) and from there to further roller mills or to a plansifter transported.

Due to the linear drop of the regrind downward, a "forced cleaning" is carried out because the regrind is not on slanted plates or Can collect pipe surfaces. All or almost all of it Grist is picked up by the transport device.

According to the invention, the rollers consist of hard cast iron or Gray cast iron, made of steel, plastic, porcelain, rubber, copper and / or stone.

Fig. 11 shows the first pair of rollers (4) with the rollers (10 and 11), which compressive and shear forces on the cereals exercises, as well as the second pair of rollers (5) with the Rollers (16 and 17). The second pair of rollers (5) is one Cutting mill (75) downstream, which is the product of the pair of rollers (5) very crushed. After going through the Cutting mill becomes the ground and crushed product fed to the plansifter (8). The proportion of flour (29) is according to this embodiment, much higher than, for example according to the embodiment of FIG. 1. It it is also possible to have diarrhea of the plan sifter (8) Feed cutting mill (76).

Fig. 12 shows a cutting head (77) with at intervals assembled columns of vertical knives (78). Between Separators (79) are provided for knives (78). Internally of the cutting head (77), a rotor (80) drives the product (81) against the evenly arranged thin horizontal Separators. The small product parts, which are between the Separators (79) protrude from the at intervals assembled columns of vertical knives (78) cut off. The separated particles (82) are separated by the centrifugal force flung away from the cutting head (77). The Wall surface between the vertically arranged knives (78) is concave to prevent the formation of frictional heat to prevent. This ensures that the cereals are subject to less evaporation.

Fig. 13 shows a micro cutting head (83), the micro cutting plate (84). The product (85) will fed into a rotor (86) running at high speed and hits the exposed ones at high speed Cutting edges (87) of the microcutting plates (84). In this way, small parts are separated from the product, until the shredding is finished. The particles are separated by gaps (88) between the platelets (84) ejected. Lingers because of the high speed the product only a split second in the micro cutting head (83). The particle reduction progresses to a precise extent, and thus the end product has uniform particle size on.

reference numerals

1

contraption

2

Wetting device

3

quieting

4, 5, 6, 7

roller pairs

8th

Plansichter

9

pipe

10, 11

roll

12

grain

13

Bowl

14

endosperm

15

Riffel

16, 17

roll

18, 19

Riffel

20

move

21, 22, 23

Siebe

24

bran

25

bran

26, 27, 28

diarrhea

29

Flour

30

Semolina Shine

31

milling products

32, 33

roll

34, 35

roll

36, 37, 38, 39

roller pairs

40

Plansichter

41, 42

roll

43, 44

Riffel

45

Bowl

46

Endospermreste

47

gap

48

wells

49

cleaning device

50, 51, 52

countertops

53

heavy

54, 55

areas

56, 57, 58

Leichtgut

59

Peeling or scrubbing machine

60

impact spin

61

Sanding or polishing machine

62

Readout device (door)

63

Peeling, pointed, abrasion or polisher

64

Special roller mills

65

vibrating

66

suction

67

pipe

68

roll mill

69

Riffel mirror

70

Riffel reason

71

deepening

72

Riffel height

73

exhaust

74

microwave device

75

granulator

76

granulator

77

cutting head

78

knife

79

separators

80

rotor

81

particle

82

separated particles

83

Micro cutting head

84

cutting tips

85

particle

86

rotor

87

cutting edges

88

interspaces

A, B, C, D

arrows

E, F, G, H

arrows

Claims (49)

1. Process for milling grains each having a cortex or husk and a kernel,

   wherein the grains (12) are wetted with a liquid,

   compressive forces are exerted on the grains (12) with a first pair of rollers (4) so that an inner structure of the kernel (14) is changed, and the husk (13) of the grains (12) is not damaged or hardly damaged,

   the grains (12) are then fed directly to a second pair of rollers (5) and milled by the pair of rollers (5),

   then further milling is carried out by another pair of rollers (7, 36, 37, 38) and/or the milled products are sieved so that essentially flour (29) is obtained as the end product,

   characterised in that

   the grains (12) are wetted so that the husk (13) of the grains (12) has a higher moisture content than the kernel (14),

   in addition to the compressive forces shear forces are also exerted on the grains (12) with the first pair of rollers, and

   the second pair of rollers have channelled surfaces.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that after the second pair of rollers (5) or after one of the succeeding pairs of rollers the grains (12) are fed into a pair of rollers (6) in which one surface of the two rollers (32, 33) is smooth or substantially smooth, so that any pieces of endosperm (46) adhering to the husk (45) are at least partly detached from the husk (45) on passing through the pair of rollers (6).
3. Process according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the husk (13, 45) of the grains (12) is wetted approximately evenly.
4. Process according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that after or during the mixing with the liquid the grains (12) pass continuously or batchwise through a vibrating device (2) so that the vibrating device (2) subjects the mixture of grains and liquid to powerful forces of acceleration.
5. Process according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that before being wetted with the liquid the grains (12) are cleaned.
6. Process according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that before or after being wetted with the liquid the grains (12) are subjected to a special process.
7. Process according to claim 6, characterised in that in the special process the grains (12) are fed into a decorticating machine (59), an abrading machine (63), an emery grinding machine (61), a polishing machine (61), a baffle centrifuge (60), a grading apparatus (62), sterilising machines, special grinding processes and/or special roller frames (64) and treated therein.
8. Process according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 7, characterised in that bran particles occurring during or after the grinding are fed into a bran centrifuge (24, 25).
9. Process according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 8, characterised in that any grit or dunst fractions (30) occurring during the milling are collected and fed into roller frames.
10. Process according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 9, characterised in that after being wetted with the liquid and before being milled the grains (12) are exposed to microwaves.
11. Process according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the milled products are exposed to microwaves.
12. Process according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 11, characterised in that after the second pair of rollers (5) and/or after another pair of rollers (7, 36, 37, 38) the grains (12) are broken up in an impeller mill (75, 76).
13. Process according to claim 12, characterised in that the grains are broken up in an impeller mill (75, 76) with a cutter head (77) and/or a microcutter head (83).
14. Process according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the grains are milled in a double roller frame or a multi-roller frame, the milling being effected by at least one pair of rollers in the roller frame.
15. Apparatus for carrying out the process according to at least one of the preceding claims 1 to 14 with

    a wetting unit (2) for wetting the grains (12) with a liquid,

    a first pair of rollers (4) provided downstream of the wetting unit (2),

    at least one additional pair of rollers (5) arranged immediately after the first pair of rollers (4) for milling the grains (12), the pair of rollers (5) arranged immediately afterwards comprising channelled rollers (16, 17), and

    at least one planar sifting machine (8, 40) downstream thereof,

    characterised in that

    the first pair of rollers (4) are constructed as a pair of rollers (10, 11) which exert compressive and shear forces on the grains (12), one roller (10) having a smooth or substantially smooth surface and the other roller (11) have a channelled surface, and

    at least one further pair of rollers (7, 36, 37, 38) and/or at least one impeller mill (75, 76) being arranged downstream of the further pair of rollers (5).
16. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterised in that the rollers (10, 11) of the first pair of rollers (4) have substantially the same speed of rotation.
17. Apparatus according to claim 15, characterised in that the rollers (10, 11) of the first pair of rollers (4) have different speeds of rotation.
18. Apparatus according to one of claims 15 to 17, characterised in that the second roller (11) of the first pair of rollers (4) has at least nine channels (15) per centimetre.
19. Apparatus according to one of claims 15 to 18, characterised in that the second roller (11) of the first pair of rollers (4) has a twist of plus/minus two to four degrees.
20. Apparatus according to one of claims 15 to 19, characterised in that another pair of rollers (6) is mounted downstream of the second pair of rollers (5) or a subsequent pair of rollers, the rollers (32, 33) of this additional pair of rollers (6, 36) being of smooth, substantially smooth or roughened construction.
21. Apparatus according to claim 20, characterised in that the rollers (32, 33) of the additional pair of rollers (6, 36) have the same or roughly the same speeds of rotation.
22. Apparatus according to one of claims 15 to 21, characterised in that the or each additional pair of rollers (5, 36, 38) arranged downstream of the first pair of rollers have different speeds of rotation.
23. Apparatus according to one of claims 15 to 22, characterised in that the or each pair of rollers (5) mounted downstream of the first pair of rollers (4) have nine to sixteen channels (18, 19) per centimetre.
24. Apparatus according to one of claims 15 to 23, characterised in that the channels (18, 19) of the rollers (16, 17) of the or each pair of rollers (5) mounted downstream of the first pair of rollers (4) have channels with rounded surfaces and/or channels with a rounded base formed between the channels.
25. Apparatus according to one of claims 15 to 24, characterised in that the first pair of rollers (4) and the or each pair of rollers (5) mounted downstream are constructed as a multi-roller frame.
26. Apparatus according to one of claims 15 to 25, characterised in that the first pair of rollers (4), the or each pair of rollers (5) mounted downstream and the pair of rollers (6) with the rollers (32, 33) which have a smooth or substantially smooth surface are constructed as a multi-roller frame.
27. Apparatus according to one of claims 15 to 26, characterised in that the rollers (16, 17; 34, 35) of the pairs of rollers (5, 7) constructed with a channelled surface are arranged relative to one another so that when the rollers (16, 17; 34, 35) rotate the backs (20) of the channels (18) of one roller (16) and the backs (20) of the channels (19) of the other roller (17) are arranged towards one another.
28. Apparatus according to one of claims 15 to 27, characterised in that the rollers (10, 11, 16, 17, 32, 33, 34, 35) have a diameter of between 200 mm and 300 mm.
29. Apparatus according to one of claims 15 to 28, characterised in that the fast rollers rotate at 450 to 500 revolutions per minute.
30. Apparatus according to one of claims 15 to 29, characterised in that at least one of the last pairs of rollers (38, 39) comprises two rollers (41, 42) having channels (43) with worn-away reflective surfaces (44).
31. Apparatus according to claim 30, characterised in that the rollers (41, 42) of the last pair of rollers (39) have a smooth or substantially smooth surface.
32. Apparatus according to claim 30 or 31, characterised in that the rollers (41, 42) of at least one of the last pairs of rollers (38, 39) have different speeds of rotation.
33. Apparatus according to at least one of claims 15 to 32, characterised in that the apparatus (1) has a cleaning unit (49) preceding the wetting unit (2).
34. Apparatus according to claim 33, characterised in that the cleaning unit (49) is constructed as a. cleaning unit (49) working with a throughflow of air, and in that the cleaning unit (49) has working surfaces (50, 51, 52) made of perforated screens, special screens and/or wire mesh of different mesh sizes.
35. Apparatus according to claim 34, characterised in that the working surfaces (50, 51, 52) are designed to be pivotable in their inclination independently of one another.
36. Apparatus according to at least one of claims 15 to 35, characterised in that the wetting unit (2) has a vibrating device which consists of a tube arranged with its axis substantially vertical and connected to a motor which sets the tube vibrating.
37. Apparatus according to at least one of claims 15 to 36, characterised in that a projecting cell (3) is mounted downstream of the wetting unit (2).
38. Apparatus according to at least one of claims 15 to 37, characterised in that a testing device for the surface moisture is provided downstream of the wetting unit (2) or projecting cell (3).
39. Apparatus according to at least one of claims 15 to 38, characterised in that a special processing unit (59-64) is provided upstream or downstream of the wetting unit (2).
40. Apparatus according to claim 39, characterised in that the special processing unit comprises a sterilising machine, a decorticating machine (59), an abrading machine (63), an emery grinding machine (61), a polishing machine (61), a baffle centrifuge (60), a grading apparatus (62), special grinding processes and/or special roller frames (64).
41. Apparatus according to at least one of claims 15 to 40, characterised in that one or more pairs of rollers are constructed as roller frames (68).
42. Apparatus according to claim 41, characterised in that one or more pairs of rollers are driven in the roller frame (68) during the milling process.
43. Apparatus according to claim 41 or 42, characterised in that the roller frames (68) have a lower outlet which is constructed so that the milled product falls down in a straight line.
44. Apparatus according to at least one of claims 41 to 43, characterised in that a transporting device (65) is provided underneath the roller frames (68).
45. Apparatus according to at least one of claims 41 to 44, characterised in that the roller frames (68) are constructed as vibration-monitored or decibel-monitored roller frames.
46. Apparatus according to at least one of claims 15 to 45, characterised in that a device that regulates the temperature of the grains (12) is provided upstream or downstream of the wetting device (2).
47. Apparatus according to at least one of claims 15 to 46, characterised in that a microwave device is provided downstream of the projecting cell and/or the or each special processing unit (59-64).
48. Apparatus according to at least one of claims 15 to 47, characterised in that a microwave device is provided downstream of the last roller frame and/or the last flat sifting machine.
49. Apparatus according to at least one of claims 15 to 48, characterised in that an impeller mill (75, 76) with a cutter head (77) and/or a microcutter head (83) is arranged downstream of the second pair of rollers (5) and/or the other pairs of rollers (6, 7, 36, 37, 38, 39).

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