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EP0994659B1 - Self-inflatable air cushion - Google Patents

Self-inflatable air cushion Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0994659B1
EP0994659B1 EP97943478A EP97943478A EP0994659B1 EP 0994659 B1 EP0994659 B1 EP 0994659B1 EP 97943478 A EP97943478 A EP 97943478A EP 97943478 A EP97943478 A EP 97943478A EP 0994659 B1 EP0994659 B1 EP 0994659B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
chamber
plenum chamber
self
air cushion
plenum
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP97943478A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0994659A4 (en
EP0994659A1 (en
Inventor
Ing-Chung Huang
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from US08/876,494 external-priority patent/US5937462A/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to DK97943478T priority Critical patent/DK0994659T3/en
Publication of EP0994659A1 publication Critical patent/EP0994659A1/en
Publication of EP0994659A4 publication Critical patent/EP0994659A4/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0994659B1 publication Critical patent/EP0994659B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/18—Resilient soles
    • A43B13/20—Pneumatic soles filled with a compressible fluid, e.g. air, gas
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/18—Resilient soles
    • A43B13/20—Pneumatic soles filled with a compressible fluid, e.g. air, gas
    • A43B13/206—Pneumatic soles filled with a compressible fluid, e.g. air, gas provided with tubes or pipes or tubular shaped cushioning members
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B13/00—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units
    • A43B13/14—Soles; Sole-and-heel integral units characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B13/18—Resilient soles
    • A43B13/20—Pneumatic soles filled with a compressible fluid, e.g. air, gas
    • A43B13/203—Pneumatic soles filled with a compressible fluid, e.g. air, gas provided with a pump or valve
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A43—FOOTWEAR
    • A43B—CHARACTERISTIC FEATURES OF FOOTWEAR; PARTS OF FOOTWEAR
    • A43B21/00—Heels; Top-pieces or top-lifts
    • A43B21/24—Heels; Top-pieces or top-lifts characterised by the constructive form
    • A43B21/26—Resilient heels
    • A43B21/28—Pneumatic heels filled with a compressible fluid, e.g. air, gas

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a self-inflatable air cushion for use in shoes, and more particularly to such a self-inflatable air cushion which comprises a collapsible plenum chamber, a support chamber, and a one-way valve connected between the plenum chamber and the support chamber for permitting air be driven from the collapsible plenum chamber into the support chamber by compressing the plenum chamber with the foot.
  • a regular air cushion for shoes is generally comprised of a collapsible three-dimensional body defining a plurality of air cells and a plurality of passages connected between the air cells, and an air valve connected to the passages and disposed outside the sole of the shoe.
  • an air pump is attached to the air valve and operated-to pump air into the air cells. If the inside pressure of the air cushion is excessively high, it cannot be regulated.
  • US 5335382 discloses a self-inflatable air cushion comprising a support chamber having a three-dimensional body adapted for holding a fluid and a top recess at said three-dimensional body for receiving a plenum chamber, a hollow collapsible plenum chamber having a variable volume which is changed when said plenum chamber is collapsed, and passage means connected between said support chamber and said plenum chamber.
  • the air cushion additionally comprises at least one pressure accumulation chamber connected between said plenum chamber and said support chamber by said passage means, said pressure accumulation chamber having an inlet connected to a first one-way valve means in communication with said passage means and an outlet connected to a second one-way valve means in communication with said passage means, said plenum chamber communicating with said pressure accumulation chamber such that fluid flows from said plenum chamber through said passage means and said first one-way valve means into said pressure accumulation chamber so that reverse flow is prevented from said pressure accumulation chamber to said plenum chamber.
  • a relief valve or pressure regulating chamber is provided to regulate the inside pressure of the support chamber to the desired level.
  • a self-inflatable air cushion 1a comprising a support chamber 1, an open space 21 surrounded by the air chamber 1, a plenum chamber 10 disposed in the open space 21 and having an air hole 31, an air cylinder 22 having its one end, namely, the rear end disposed in communication with the support chamber 1, a connecting tube 33 connected between the plenum chamber 10 and the air cylinder 22, a one-way valve 101 mounted in the air cylinder 22 which permits air to pass from the plenum chamber 10 through the air cylinder 22 to the inside of the support chamber 1, and a relief valve 103 mounted in one end, namely, the front end of the air cylinder 22.
  • Figure 2 shows an alternate form of the present invention.
  • the air cushion 1 comprises a support chamber 1, an air cylinder 22 connected to the support chamber 1 at one side, a plenum chamber 10 spaced from the air cylinder 22 at one side opposite to the support chamber 1, and a connecting tube 34 connected between one end, namely, the rear end of the air cylinder 22 and the plenum chamber 10, a one-way valve 101 mounted in the air cylinder 22 for permitting air to be delivered from the plenum chamber 10 to the support chamber 1, and a relief valve 103 mounted in one end, namely, the front end of the air cylinder 22.
  • the air cushion 1A is mounted inside an insole 6 of a shoe with the plenum chamber 10 projecting out of a top hole 61 of the insole 6 at the heel area.
  • the plenum chamber 10 When the user's foot is stepped on the plenum chamber 10, the plenum chamber 10 is collapsed, and the inside pressure of the plenum chamber 10 is forced through the connecting tube 33 and the air cylinder 22 into the support chamber 1.
  • outside air is immediately drawn into the plenum chamber 10 due to an air pressure difference between the inside pressure of the plenum chamber 10 and the atmospheric pressure.
  • the support chamber 1 will be inflated to the saturated status.
  • the support chamber 1 supports the plenum chamber 10 against outside pressure. Further, through the relief valve 103, the user can adjust the pressure of the support chamber 1 to the desired level.
  • outside air passes from the air hole 31 into the plenum chamber 10.
  • the air hole 31 is stopped by the user's foot and the inside air of the plenum chamber 10 is forced by the pressure of the user's foot to flow through an air passage 3b to a pressure regulating chamber 301 and then through the aforesaid one-way valve 101 to a pressure accumulation chamber 6.
  • the pressure accumulation chamber 6 is arranged at a place in which the pressure accumulation chamber 6 bears no pressure when the support chamber 1 or the plenum chamber 10 receives a pressure from the user's foot, therefore, compressed air is allowed to be forced out of the plenum chamber 10 into the pressure accumulation chamber 6 and then through a one-way valve 102 into the support chamber 1 via an air passage 3a.
  • the plenum chamber 10 can be turned backwards through about 180° and arranged in a top recess 10a of the support chamber 1 with its air hole 31 facing upwards.
  • a pressure regulating rod 301 is mounted in a pressure regulating chamber 301.
  • the pressure regulating rod 301 is a hollow rod having a longitudinal centre hole 53, a plurality of recessed holes 54, and a plurality of radial through holes 52 in communication with the longitudinal centre hole 53.
  • the recessed holes 54 and the through holes 52 are arranged corresponding to distribution chambers 51, the one-way valve 101, and an air passage 3a.
  • the air cushion 1A can also improve the ventilation of the shoe.

Landscapes

  • Footwear And Its Accessory, Manufacturing Method And Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Mattresses And Other Support Structures For Chairs And Beds (AREA)
  • Air Bags (AREA)
  • Orthopedics, Nursing, And Contraception (AREA)

Abstract

A self-inflatable air cushion (1a) which includes a support chamber (1) mounted in a sole (6) of a shoe and holding a liquid, a collapsible plenum chamber (10) surrounded by the support chamber (1) and partially protruding over the top of the sole (6) and having a top air hole (31), passage means (22, 33) connected between the support chamber (1) and the plenum chamber (10), and one-way valve (101) mounted in the passage means (22, 33) to let flow move in one direction from the plenum chamber (10) to the support chamber (1) upon compression of the plenum chamber (10).

Description

  • The present invention relates to a self-inflatable air cushion for use in shoes, and more particularly to such a self-inflatable air cushion which comprises a collapsible plenum chamber, a support chamber, and a one-way valve connected between the plenum chamber and the support chamber for permitting air be driven from the collapsible plenum chamber into the support chamber by compressing the plenum chamber with the foot.
  • A regular air cushion for shoes is generally comprised of a collapsible three-dimensional body defining a plurality of air cells and a plurality of passages connected between the air cells, and an air valve connected to the passages and disposed outside the sole of the shoe. When the air cushion is inflated, an air pump is attached to the air valve and operated-to pump air into the air cells. If the inside pressure of the air cushion is excessively high, it cannot be regulated.
  • US 5335382 (Huang) discloses a self-inflatable air cushion comprising a support chamber having a three-dimensional body adapted for holding a fluid and a top recess at said three-dimensional body for receiving a plenum chamber, a hollow collapsible plenum chamber having a variable volume which is changed when said plenum chamber is collapsed, and passage means connected between said support chamber and said plenum chamber.
  • According to the invention, the air cushion additionally comprises at least one pressure accumulation chamber connected between said plenum chamber and said support chamber by said passage means, said pressure accumulation chamber having an inlet connected to a first one-way valve means in communication with said passage means and an outlet connected to a second one-way valve means in communication with said passage means, said plenum chamber communicating with said pressure accumulation chamber such that fluid flows from said plenum chamber through said passage means and said first one-way valve means into said pressure accumulation chamber so that reverse flow is prevented from said pressure accumulation chamber to said plenum chamber.
  • In a preferred form, a relief valve or pressure regulating chamber is provided to regulate the inside pressure of the support chamber to the desired level.
  • Preferred embodiments of the invention will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:
  • Fig. 1 is an elevational view of a self-inflatable air cushion according to one embodiment of the present invention;
  • Fig. 2 is an elevational view of a self-inflatable air cushion according to an alternate form of the present invention;
  • Fig. 3 is an applied view of the present invention, showing the self-inflatable air cushion mounted in an insole of a shoe and operated;
  • Fig. 4 is a plan view showing another alternate form of the present invention;
  • Fig. 4A is a sectional view taken along line 10A-10A of Figure 4;
  • Fig. 4B shows the turning direction of the plenum chamber of the embodiment shown in Figure 4;
  • Fig. 4C shows the plenum chamber of the embodiment of Figure 4 arranged in the top recess of the corresponding support chamber;
  • Fig. 4D is a sectional view taken along line 10D-10D of Figure 4;
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view of still another alternate form of the present invention showing the installation of the pressure regulating rod in the pressure regulating chamber; and
  • Fig. 5A is a sectional view taken along line 11A-11A.
  • Referring to Figure 1, a self-inflatable air cushion 1a is shown comprising a support chamber 1, an open space 21 surrounded by the air chamber 1, a plenum chamber 10 disposed in the open space 21 and having an air hole 31, an air cylinder 22 having its one end, namely, the rear end disposed in communication with the support chamber 1, a connecting tube 33 connected between the plenum chamber 10 and the air cylinder 22, a one-way valve 101 mounted in the air cylinder 22 which permits air to pass from the plenum chamber 10 through the air cylinder 22 to the inside of the support chamber 1, and a relief valve 103 mounted in one end, namely, the front end of the air cylinder 22.
  • Figure 2 shows an alternate form of the present invention. According to this alternate form, the air cushion 1 comprises a support chamber 1, an air cylinder 22 connected to the support chamber 1 at one side, a plenum chamber 10 spaced from the air cylinder 22 at one side opposite to the support chamber 1, and a connecting tube 34 connected between one end, namely, the rear end of the air cylinder 22 and the plenum chamber 10, a one-way valve 101 mounted in the air cylinder 22 for permitting air to be delivered from the plenum chamber 10 to the support chamber 1, and a relief valve 103 mounted in one end, namely, the front end of the air cylinder 22.
  • Referring to Figure 3, the air cushion 1A is mounted inside an insole 6 of a shoe with the plenum chamber 10 projecting out of a top hole 61 of the insole 6 at the heel area. When the user's foot is stepped on the plenum chamber 10, the plenum chamber 10 is collapsed, and the inside pressure of the plenum chamber 10 is forced through the connecting tube 33 and the air cylinder 22 into the support chamber 1. When the user's foot is lifted from the collapsed plenum chamber 10, outside air is immediately drawn into the plenum chamber 10 due to an air pressure difference between the inside pressure of the plenum chamber 10 and the atmospheric pressure. When the user continuously steps on the plenum chamber 1 of the air cushion 1A, the support chamber 1 will be inflated to the saturated status. When the support chamber 1 is fully inflated, the support chamber 1 supports the plenum chamber 10 against outside pressure. Further, through the relief valve 103, the user can adjust the pressure of the support chamber 1 to the desired level.
  • Referring to Figure 4, outside air passes from the air hole 31 into the plenum chamber 10. When the users foot gives a pressure to the plenum chamber 10, the air hole 31 is stopped by the user's foot and the inside air of the plenum chamber 10 is forced by the pressure of the user's foot to flow through an air passage 3b to a pressure regulating chamber 301 and then through the aforesaid one-way valve 101 to a pressure accumulation chamber 6. The pressure accumulation chamber 6 is arranged at a place in which the pressure accumulation chamber 6 bears no pressure when the support chamber 1 or the plenum chamber 10 receives a pressure from the user's foot, therefore, compressed air is allowed to be forced out of the plenum chamber 10 into the pressure accumulation chamber 6 and then through a one-way valve 102 into the support chamber 1 via an air passage 3a.
  • Referring to Figures 4B, 4C and 4D, the plenum chamber 10 can be turned backwards through about 180° and arranged in a top recess 10a of the support chamber 1 with its air hole 31 facing upwards.
  • Referring to Figures 5 and 5A, a pressure regulating rod 301 is mounted in a pressure regulating chamber 301. The pressure regulating rod 301 is a hollow rod having a longitudinal centre hole 53, a plurality of recessed holes 54, and a plurality of radial through holes 52 in communication with the longitudinal centre hole 53. The recessed holes 54 and the through holes 52 are arranged corresponding to distribution chambers 51, the one-way valve 101, and an air passage 3a. By turning the pressure regulating rod 301, the pressure of the pressure accumulation chamber 6 and the support chamber 1 is regulated. When the through holes 52 are moved away from the air passage 3a, compressed air is prohibited to pass from the plenum chamber 10 to the support chamber 1. When the air passage 3a, the through holes 52 and the distribution chambers 51 are set into communication with one another through the longitudinal centre hole 53, air pressure is allowed to pass into the pressure accumulation chamber 6 subject to the volume of the distribution chambers 51. Assume the inside volume of the plenum chamber 10 = A, the inside volume of the distribution chambers 51 = B, the inside volume of the plenum chamber 10 when collapsed = C, thus P1V1*P2V2=n, the pressure of the plenum chamber 10 after compressed is Pb=PaA/B+C, therefore when the greater the inside volume B of the distribution chambers 51, the smaller the air pressure Pb of the pressure accumulation chamber 6 will be.
  • When the through holes 52 and the plenum chamber 10 are disposed in communication with an air passage 3c, air is allowed to be squeezed out of the plenum chamber 10 through the air passage 3c to other air circulation area. Therefore, the air cushion 1A can also improve the ventilation of the shoe.
  • It is to be understood that the drawings are designed for purposes of illustration only, and are not intended as a definition of the limits and scope of the invention disclosed.

Claims (8)

  1. A self-inflatable air cushion (1A) comprising:
    a support chamber (1) having a three-dimensional body adapted for holding a fluid and a top recess (21) at said three-dimensional body for receiving a plenum chamber (10);
    a hollow collapsible plenum chamber (10) having a variable volume which is changed when said plenum chamber is collapsed;
    passage means (33,34,3b) connected between said support chamber (1) and said plenum chamber (10);
       characterised in that it also comprises at least one pressure accumulation chamber (6) connected between said plenum chamber (10) and said support chamber (1) by said passage means, said pressure accumulation chamber (6) having an inlet connected to a first one-way valve means (101) in communication with said passage means and an outlet connected to a second one-way valve means (102) in communication with said passage means, said plenum chamber (10) communicating with said pressure accumulation chamber (1) such that fluid flows from said plenum chamber (10) through said passage means and said first one-way valve means (101) into said pressure accumulation chamber (6) so that reverse flow is prevented from said pressure accumulation chamber (6) to said plenum chamber (10).
  2. The self-inflatable air cushion of claim 1 further comprising a pressure regulating chamber (304) connected between said plenum chamber (10) and said at least one pressure accumulation chamber (6) and controlled to regulate the inside pressure of said support chamber (1).
  3. The self-inflatable air cushion of claim 2, wherein said pressure regulating chamber (304) comprises a pressure regulating rod (301) controlled to regulate the inside pressure of said support chamber (1).
  4. The self-inflatable air cushion of claim 2, wherein said pressure regulating chamber (304) is connected to at least one air distribution chamber (51).
  5. The self-inflatable air cushion of claim 1, wherein said plenum chamber (10) has an air hole (31).
  6. The self-inflatable air cushion of claim 1, wherein said plenum chamber (10) is mounted in an open space surrounded by said support chamber (1).
  7. The self-inflatable air cushion of claim 1, wherein said plenum chamber (10) is disposed outside said support chamber (1) and spaced from it at a distance by said passage means.
  8. The self-inflatable air cushion of claim 1, wherein said plenum chamber (10) comprises at least one one-way valve through which outside air is drawn into said plenum chamber (10).
EP97943478A 1997-06-16 1997-09-25 Self-inflatable air cushion Expired - Lifetime EP0994659B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DK97943478T DK0994659T3 (en) 1997-06-16 1997-09-25 Self-inflating airbag

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US876494 1986-06-20
US08/876,494 US5937462A (en) 1996-06-17 1997-06-16 Self-inflatable air cushion
PCT/US1997/016928 WO1998057560A1 (en) 1997-06-16 1997-09-25 Self-inflatable air cushion

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0994659A1 EP0994659A1 (en) 2000-04-26
EP0994659A4 EP0994659A4 (en) 2002-09-18
EP0994659B1 true EP0994659B1 (en) 2004-08-18

Family

ID=25367849

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP97943478A Expired - Lifetime EP0994659B1 (en) 1997-06-16 1997-09-25 Self-inflatable air cushion

Country Status (14)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0994659B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002504004A (en)
KR (1) KR100475145B1 (en)
CN (1) CN1142731C (en)
AT (1) ATE273629T1 (en)
AU (1) AU740251B2 (en)
BR (1) BR9714773A (en)
CA (1) CA2294017A1 (en)
DE (1) DE69730359T2 (en)
DK (1) DK0994659T3 (en)
ES (1) ES2227715T3 (en)
PT (1) PT994659E (en)
RU (1) RU2193857C2 (en)
WO (1) WO1998057560A1 (en)

Families Citing this family (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6553691B2 (en) * 1999-09-02 2003-04-29 Ing-Chung Huang Self-inflatable air cushion for shoes
US6430843B1 (en) * 2000-04-18 2002-08-13 Nike, Inc. Dynamically-controlled cushioning system for an article of footwear
JP2005532086A (en) * 2002-04-25 2005-10-27 チャフィー，ロバート，ビー． Inflatable chamber fluidly connected by a one-way valve and method of use thereof
US7396574B2 (en) * 2003-05-28 2008-07-08 Robert C. Bogert Self-inflating cushion and footwear including same
US7000335B2 (en) * 2003-07-16 2006-02-21 Nike, Inc. Footwear with a sole structure incorporating a lobed fluid-filled chamber
US7051456B2 (en) 2003-07-29 2006-05-30 Nike, Inc. Article of footwear incorporating an inflatable chamber
US6931764B2 (en) * 2003-08-04 2005-08-23 Nike, Inc. Footwear sole structure incorporating a cushioning component
US7409779B2 (en) * 2005-10-19 2008-08-12 Nike, Inc. Fluid system having multiple pump chambers
US7451554B2 (en) 2005-10-19 2008-11-18 Nike, Inc. Fluid system having an expandable pump chamber
CN101779842B (en) * 2009-01-16 2011-12-21 欣合信股份有限公司 Air cushion structure
WO2018157039A1 (en) * 2017-02-27 2018-08-30 Nike Innovate C.V. Adjustable foot support systems including fluid-filled bladder chambers
WO2018194543A1 (en) * 2017-04-17 2018-10-25 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. Vibrators in cells for footwear
CN109431157A (en) * 2018-10-31 2019-03-08 大连函量科技发展有限公司 Inflatable anti-falling structure
KR102707173B1 (en) * 2018-11-29 2024-09-13 나이키 이노베이트 씨.브이. A foot support system comprising a fluid-filled bladder in which fluid moves between the bladders.
US12089692B2 (en) * 2020-05-28 2024-09-17 Nike, Inc. Foot support systems including fluid movement controllers and adjustable foot support pressure
CN113349513B (en) * 2021-06-29 2023-12-05 四川大学 Ventilating heightening shoe capable of adjusting full-sole height and comfort level of shoe cavity

Family Cites Families (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3583008A (en) * 1969-02-26 1971-06-08 Robert J Edwards Compartmented bag having selective inflation controls
US4446634A (en) * 1982-09-28 1984-05-08 Johnson Paul H Footwear having improved shock absorption
DE3613153A1 (en) * 1986-04-18 1987-10-22 Polus Michael SPORTSHOE WITH PNEUMATIC LOADING DEVICE
EP0299669B1 (en) * 1987-07-09 1993-12-15 Hi-Tec Sports Plc Sports or casual shoe with shock absorbing sole
JPH0284502U (en) * 1988-12-21 1990-06-29
US5195254A (en) * 1991-06-24 1993-03-23 Tyng Liou Y Sole
US5222312A (en) * 1991-07-02 1993-06-29 Doyle Harold S Shoe with pneumatic inflating device
US5335382A (en) * 1992-11-23 1994-08-09 Huang Yin Jun Inflatable cushion device
US5406661A (en) * 1993-09-15 1995-04-18 Reebok International Ltd. Preloaded fluid bladder with integral pump

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR100475145B1 (en) 2005-03-08
CA2294017A1 (en) 1998-12-23
PT994659E (en) 2005-01-31
AU740251B2 (en) 2001-11-01
BR9714773A (en) 2000-07-25
KR20010013896A (en) 2001-02-26
EP0994659A4 (en) 2002-09-18
WO1998057560A1 (en) 1998-12-23
AU4494397A (en) 1999-01-04
EP0994659A1 (en) 2000-04-26
RU2193857C2 (en) 2002-12-10
ES2227715T3 (en) 2005-04-01
CN1262604A (en) 2000-08-09
JP2002504004A (en) 2002-02-05
DE69730359D1 (en) 2004-09-23
DE69730359T2 (en) 2005-08-25
DK0994659T3 (en) 2004-12-20
ATE273629T1 (en) 2004-09-15
CN1142731C (en) 2004-03-24

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