EP0979317A2

EP0979317A2 - Process for application of an inorganic coating to an electrically conducting body

Info

Publication number: EP0979317A2
Application number: EP97951074A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Horst Russmann; Thomas Singe; Thomas c/o EMA ELEKTROMASCHINEN SCHULTZE KRUSE; Detlef c/o EMA ELEKTROMASCHINEN SCHULTZE HINZ
Original assignee: Ema Elektro-Maschinen Schultze & Co KG GmbH; EMA ELEKTRO MASCHINEN SCHULTZE; Ewald Doerken AG
Current assignee: Ewald Doerken AG
Priority date: 1996-11-13
Filing date: 1997-11-13
Publication date: 2000-02-16
Anticipated expiration: 2017-11-13
Also published as: KR20000053289A; WO1998021382A3; KR100522663B1; JP3253977B2; EP0979317B1; AU5475998A; JP2001503478A; BR9713354A; US6153270A; PT979317E; WO1998021382A2; ES2176806T3; ATE218628T1

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/DE97/02661 Sec. 371 Date May 13, 1999 Sec. 102(e) Date May 13, 1999 PCT Filed Nov. 13, 1997 PCT Pub. No. WO98/21382 PCT Pub. Date May 22, 1998A process of applying an inorganic coating to an electrically conducting body, in particular a metallic workpiece, is characterized with respect to a precisely controllable temperature variation with short temperature changes in an economical and energy-saving operation in that the body first undergoes a preparation. Thereafter, if need be, the body is degreased and/or chemically pretreated and/or blasted. Subsequently, a coating medium is applied to at least the surface region of the body being coated. Then, at least the surface region of the body being coated is heated by induction to a reaction temperature before and/or while and/or after applying the coating medium. Finally, the coating medium is fully reacted to a coating, whereupon the body undergoes a cooling.

Description

"Method for applying an inorganic coating on an electrically conductive body"

The invention relates to a method for applying an inorganic coating to an electrically conductive body, in particular to a metallic workpiece.

A wide variety of methods for applying an inorganic coating to an electrically conductive body are known from practice. The coating is built up under the action of temperature, which causes a reaction of the coating medium after its application to the body or the surface of the body. The reaction leads to the formation of an essentially inorganic network. Depending on the coating medium used, different reaction temperatures are required. Such reactions differ significantly in terms of thermodynamics and kinetics from reactions with organic coating media. The coating described often serves to protect the often metallic body against corrosion. The reaction described above usually takes place in convection ovens after application of the coating medium. The reaction temperature is, depending on the coating medium between 180 ^° C and 300 ^° C. At these temperatures, reacts the coating medium from the coating.

When using such convection ovens it is problematic that the heating process of the body to be coated proceeds very slowly, with a change in temperature taking a long time. Due to the sluggish temperature curve, when the coating medium reacts in the surface area of the body, the entire body is usually unnecessarily heated due to heat conduction. By heating up the entire body, a large amount of energy is required without contributing to the reaction process.

Furthermore, it is disadvantageous when using the known circulating air ovens that it is necessary to make the circulating air ovens so voluminous that the body to be coated is completely accommodated in the oven. Hence, that requires Carrying out the known coating process in an uneconomical manner, a lot of space.

The present invention is therefore based on the object of specifying a method for applying an inorganic coating to an electrically conductive body, in which a precisely controllable temperature profile with short temperature change processes is made possible in an economical and energy-saving mode of operation.

The object outlined above is achieved by a method having the features of patent claim 1. According to this, a method for applying an inorganic coating to an electrically conductive body is characterized by the following method steps:

First, the body is made available. The body is then optionally degreased and / or chemically pretreated and / or blasted, for example sandblasted. As a result, the surface of the body can be prepared for the coating if necessary. A coating medium is then applied to at least the surface area of the body to be coated.

In accordance with the invention, at least the surface area of the body to be coated is then inductively heated to a reaction temperature before and / or during and / or after the application of the coating medium. With this inductive heating according to the invention, an energetically very particularly advantageous heating of the body is achieved, since only the surface area to be coated and not necessarily the entire body is heated. By directly coupling to the electrically conductive body, eddy currents are generated in the body which, due to the electrical resistance of the body material, cause the body to heat up. Energy losses due to heating a heating medium in the form of, for example, circulating air and its inevitable heat radiation are excluded. The heating is consequently brought about in a targeted manner in the body or in its surface area, with a suitably controllable temperature profile with it by suitably controlling the induction device resulting short temperature change processes is enabled. The body is warmed up from the inside by the inductive heating, whereby a highly efficient heating of the coating medium is also effected.

In summary, the heating process according to the invention can be regulated in a simple manner by means of inductive heating via the energy supply to the associated induction heating device, which in addition to a short heating phase also results in extremely short reaction times to temperature control or changing processes due to the direct inductive energy transfer principle. Due to the direct heating of the surface area to be coated, an economical and energy-saving mode of operation is realized without the need for an extensive convection oven device.

Depending on the requirements specified by the coating medium, the surface area of the body to be coated can be heated to a reaction temperature in a simple manner before and / or during and / or after the application of the coating medium. This ensures a high degree of flexibility of the method.

After the coating medium has reacted completely for coating, the body is cooled as the last process step of the process according to the invention. The body can be exposed to room temperature, which ultimately leads to an independent cooling of the body. However, cooling can also be carried out by an active method step using a cooling medium.

Consequently, the method according to the invention specifies a method for applying an inorganic coating to an electrically conductive body, in which a precisely controllable temperature profile with short temperature change processes in an economical and energy-saving mode of operation is realized.

With regard to a particularly flexible method which meets the individual requirements of the coating medium used, at least the surface area of the body to be coated could be in front of the Application of the coating medium to be heated inductively to a preheating temperature. In order to avoid premature initiation of the reaction of the coating medium, the preheating temperature could be below the reaction temperature.

If necessary, the reaction medium of the coating medium for coating could take place with the participation of water. A separate supply of the amount of water required for the reaction would be conceivable. However, the water supply could also be carried out in a simple manner by automatically removing the water from the atmospheric humidity of the surrounding atmosphere.

To protect the body against corrosion, the coating medium and thus the coating could have pigments of preferably zinc and / or aluminum. This would provide active corrosion protection through the coating medium.

Depending on the requirements for the coating, the coating medium could have additives such as internal lubricants, viscosity regulators, leveling agents and / or anti-crater additives. There are no limits to the individual design options for the coating medium.

In view of particularly favorable usage properties, the coating medium could have a binder composed of at least one organic and / or inorganic metal compound. Metal compounds containing titanium, zirconium, chromium, boron, aluminum, silicon, cobalt, nickel or magnesium are particularly favorable. The aforementioned elements can be present individually or in combination in the metal compound. Furthermore, a high molecular aminically crosslinked epoxy / phenoxy binder is advantageous as a binder for the coating medium.

With a view to a favorable course of the layer-forming crosslinking reaction, the binders could be dissolved in an optionally commercially available organic solvent and / or in water. In the case of preheating the body, the preheating temperature could be between room temperature and the Boiling temperature of the solvent or water. This would ensure that the solvent or water escapes in a controlled manner from the layer that builds up, thus achieving an optimal compaction of the layer. Such preheating could take place both before the application of the coating medium and after the application. In the latter case, a gradual heating of the surface area of the body to be coated would then be realized with the coating medium already applied.

Since the heating of the body to be coated and the application of the coating medium could take place in two different parts of the system, there is sufficient time in this case - with the body preheated before the application of the coating medium - after the application of the coating medium, so that the solvent or the water to Protection of the surface below the boiling temperature can escape while moving the body into the heating area. As soon as the solvent has escaped, the temperature of the surface to be coated can be brought to the necessary reaction temperature in a few seconds in order to achieve the optimal function and quality of the coating.

With regard to a particularly favorable energy balance, the inductive heating of the body could only take place within partial areas. Such targeted heating of only the areas to be coated makes it possible, or only slightly, to heat adjacent and / or non-electrically conductive substances or surface areas. It would then only be possible to heat these areas by conduction. The targeted introduction of the heat further enables the coating of individual parts of an overall device on the one hand and complete entire devices on the other hand. For example, fully assembled bearings can be coated as a whole or only at selected locations.

The heating in a surface area with a depth of max. 0.5 mm. With a correspondingly brief heating, heat conduction into the remaining areas of the body to be coated would be neglected. In order to avoid the heating of areas that are not to be coated or temperature-sensitive, the body could be cooled partially or entirely during and / or after the heating with a suitable cooling medium. A gaseous or liquid cooling medium in the form of, for example, air, water or oil could be used as the cooling medium. This would easily protect temperature-sensitive areas from the effects of temperature. Only by using inductive heating is it possible to cool temperature-sensitive points or areas of the body to be coated at the same time as the surface areas to be coated are heated with air or liquid cooling media.

With such cooling, it can be taken into account that the method according to the invention with inductive heating requires a shortening of the reaction time with a significant increase in the crosslinking temperature in order to achieve a fully crosslinked coating which only fully exhibits its favorable properties to the full extent. Too high a temperature can, however, destroy the network or the pigments and additives embedded in it. As a result, cooling the body at the appropriate time can have different positive effects. The cooling could only be used after the reaction temperature had been reached.

With regard to a particularly high protective effect, the coating could have a cathodic effect. Depending on the requirement, the coating could be electrical and / or thermally conductive in addition to or as an alternative to the cathodic effect. Almost metallic conductivity could be achieved.

With regard to the smallest possible change in the dimension of the body due to the application of the coating, the coating could have a layer thickness of approximately 2 to 30 micrometers. If necessary, extreme corrosion protection would be achieved in the thinnest layers. In a further advantageous manner, the coating could also be weldable.

To avoid excessive environmental pollution, the coating could have no heavy metals and in particular be free of chromium VI and cadmium. The control of the layer thickness could be set on the one hand via the viscosity of the coating medium and on the other hand or additionally via mechanical removal. With regard to mechanical removal, this could be done in a simple manner by spinning. All other known coating application methods can also be used.

If necessary, an additional organic cover layer could be applied to the coating. The composition of the cover layer could be matched to the composition of the coating with a view to the best possible adhesion. The binder has a significant influence. In connection with the application of organic cover layers, high-molecular aminically crosslinked epoxy / phenoxy binders of the cover layer are particularly favorable.

The coating medium and / or the top layer are applied in a particularly simple manner by spraying, in particular electrostatic spraying, or by an immersion process. The immersion process in connection with centrifuging is particularly used for bulk goods.

With regard to a particularly precisely controllable temperature curve, the heating and / or cooling or cooling could be computer-controlled. This would allow a fully automated process.

The coating parameters could be controlled in a particularly simple manner by means of the alternating voltage frequency of the inductor and / or the induction duration and / or the reaction temperature.

The method according to the invention can be used with all known technologies.

The application of an organic cover layer can serve the coloring, the insulation, the setting of a constant coefficient of friction and the improvement of the contact corrosion resistance. In particular, transistorized converters are used as induction devices, since these particularly favor the implementation of precise computer-controlled processes.

The method according to the invention for applying an inorganic coating has a high protective action against chemical and electrochemical corrosion as well as contact corrosion of e.g. Steel versus aluminum. Furthermore, the coating has achieved high resistance in salt spray, condensation and kestemich tests. Hydrogen embrittlement does not occur on the coated surfaces.

Short cycle times of seconds are possible while the method is being carried out. A reduction in component strength due to the short exposure to temperature is far less critical than with conventional heating.

With the method according to the invention, a method which is extremely environmentally friendly owing to the low energy costs and disposal costs is realized, it being possible to construct a small and compact system.

There are now various possibilities for advantageously designing and developing the teaching of the present invention. For this purpose, reference is made to the subordinate claims, on the one hand, and to the following explanation of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention, using the drawing. In connection with the explanation of the preferred exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention with reference to the drawing, generally preferred configurations and developments of the teaching are also explained. In the drawing, the

only figure in the context of a block diagram schematically the sequence of an embodiment of a method according to the invention for applying an inorganic coating to an electrically conductive body. The single figure shows a schematic representation of the sequence of an exemplary method according to the invention for applying an inorganic coating to an electrically conductive body. The individual process steps are distinguished by the reference numbers 1 to 6.

Reference number 1 denotes the first method step in which the body is made available. Process step 2 consists of an optional degreasing and / or chemical pretreatment and / or blasting of the body, for example sandblasting. If the body provided in step 1 no longer requires any further preparation, this method step 2 can be omitted.

In the next process step, identified by reference number 3, a coating medium is applied to at least the surface area of the body to be coated. The coating medium could also be applied to surface areas of the body that are not to be coated, which would result in the subsequent removal of the coating medium from the surface areas that are not to be coated.

The subsequent inductive heating, identified by reference number 4, to at least the surface area of the body to be coated to a reaction temperature could take place before and / or during and / or after the application of the coating medium. Depending on the requirement, preheating of at least the surface area to be coated is possible before the coating medium is applied. This could promote the escape of solvents that are not required in the crosslinking reaction of the coating medium.

The coating usually has a high thermal resistance up to approx. 350 ^° C. Too high a temperature can destroy the coating. If the temperature is too high, especially over a long period of time, it is also detrimental to heat-sensitive areas of the body to be coated, so that short-term induction treatment is particularly advantageous. In any case, care must be taken to ensure that a maximum temperature is not exceeded. Furthermore, it is only possible to use inductive heating to cool temperature-sensitive areas of the bodies to be coated at the same time as the coated areas are heated with air or liquid media.

After the inductive heating, in step 5 the coating medium reacts for coating. Inductive heating enables a fully networked coating or protective layer to be formed quickly with less effort than conventional air-conditioning technology. This rapid reaction thermodynamics and kinetics, if the reaction time is shortened, requires a significant increase in the crosslinking temperature in order to achieve a fully crosslinked layer which only fully exhibits the properties mentioned. Temperature control is advantageous because too high a temperature can destroy the network or the pigments and additives embedded in it.

The body is cooled in the last method step of an exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention, designated by reference number 6. This can be done, on the one hand, by passive cooling in, for example, ambient air, or by active cooling using a special cooling medium such as water or oil.

Inductive heating is ideally suited for the reaction of the coating media on partially coated, more or less large bodies, for the reaction of bodies coated over the entire surface or for coating bulk goods. The method described is advantageous in that multiple coatings are unnecessary due to defects and contact points. The spraying of preheated bulk goods while moving the bed ensures a particularly uniform coating without defects when coating such bodies.

When using a dipping process to apply the coating medium, preheated bodies can also be dipped. With regard to further advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention, reference is made to the general part of the description and to the appended claims in order to avoid repetition.

Finally, it should be expressly pointed out that the exemplary embodiment of the method according to the invention discussed above only serves to discuss the claimed teaching, but does not restrict it to the exemplary embodiment.

Claims

Patent claims

1. Method for applying an inorganic coating on an electrically conductive body, in particular on a metallic workpiece, g e k e n e z e i c h n e t d u r c h the following process steps:

- providing the body;

- if necessary, degreasing and / or chemical pretreatment and / or blasting of the body;

Applying a coating medium to at least the surface area of the body to be coated;

- Inductive heating of at least the surface area of the body to be coated before and / or during and / or after the application of the coating medium to a reaction temperature;

- Reaction of the coating medium for coating;

- cooling the body.

2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that at least the surface area of the body to be coated is inductively heated to a preheating temperature before the application of the coating medium.

3. The method according to claim 2, characterized in that the preheating temperature is below the reaction temperature.

4. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the reaction of the coating medium for coating takes place with the participation of water.

5. The method according to claim 4, characterized in that the water is removed from the atmospheric humidity of the surrounding atmosphere.

6. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the coating medium comprises pigments of preferably zinc and / or aluminum.

7. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the coating medium has additives such as internal lubricants, viscosity regulators, leveling agents and / or anti-crater additives.

8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the coating medium comprises a binder made of at least one organic and / or inorganic metal compound.

9. The method according to claim 8, characterized in that the metal compound comprises titanium, zirconium, chromium, boron, aluminum, silicon, cobalt, nickel or magnesium.

10. The method according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the binder is dissolved in an organic solvent and / or in water.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the preheating temperature is between the room temperature and the boiling point of the solvent or water.

12. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the inductive heating of the body takes place only within partial areas.

13. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the heating takes place in a surface area with a depth of at most 0.5 mm.

14. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that the body is partially or totally cooled during and / or after heating with a cooling medium.

15. The method according to claim 14, characterized in that the cooling medium is gaseous or liquid in the form of, for example. Air, water or oil.

16. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that the coating has a cathodic corrosion protection effect.

17. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the coating is electrically and / or thermally conductive.

18. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the coating has a layer thickness of about 2 - 30 microns.

19. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the coating has no heavy metals and in particular is free of chromium-VI and cadmium.

20. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that the layer thickness is set via the viscosity of the coating medium.

21. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 20, characterized in that the layer thickness is set via a mechanical removal.

22. The method according to claim 21, characterized in that the mechanical removal is carried out by spinning.

23. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 22, characterized in that an additional organic cover layer is applied to the coating.

24. The method according to claim 23, characterized in that the composition of the cover layer is matched to the composition of the coating with a view to the best possible adhesion.

25. The method according to claim 23 or 24, characterized in that the binder of the cover layer is a high molecular aminically crosslinked epoxy / phenoxy binder.

26. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 25, characterized in that the application of the coating medium and / or the top layer is carried out by spraying, in particular electrostatic spraying, or a dipping process.

27. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 26, characterized in that the heating and / or cooling or cooling is carried out under computer control.

28. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that the coating parameters are controlled by the alternating voltage frequency of the inductor and / or the induction duration and / or the reaction temperature.