EP0973484B1 - Öl-in-wasser-emulsionen zur wiederherstellung der lamellarität der lipidstruktur geschädigter haut - Google Patents
Öl-in-wasser-emulsionen zur wiederherstellung der lamellarität der lipidstruktur geschädigter haut Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0973484B1 EP0973484B1 EP97953710A EP97953710A EP0973484B1 EP 0973484 B1 EP0973484 B1 EP 0973484B1 EP 97953710 A EP97953710 A EP 97953710A EP 97953710 A EP97953710 A EP 97953710A EP 0973484 B1 EP0973484 B1 EP 0973484B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- emulsifier
- lipophilic
- water emulsion
- hydrophilic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Revoked
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- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 15
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- 235000015278 beef Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940116226 behenic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-ethylhexyl) adipate Chemical compound CCCCC(CC)COC(=O)CCCCC(=O)OCC(CC)CCCC SAOKZLXYCUGLFA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JIQQDZLFBDITIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N bis(2-hexyldecyl) butanedioate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCC(CCCCCC)COC(=O)CCC(=O)OCC(CCCCCC)CCCCCCCC JIQQDZLFBDITIG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940036350 bisabolol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- HHGZABIIYIWLGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisabolol Natural products CC1CCC(C(C)(O)CCC=C(C)C)CC1 HHGZABIIYIWLGA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000337 buffer salt Substances 0.000 description 1
- ULBTUVJTXULMLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCCCC ULBTUVJTXULMLP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004202 carbamide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 239000004203 carnauba wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013869 carnauba wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003093 cationic surfactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M cetyltrimethylammonium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC[N+](C)(C)C WOWHHFRSBJGXCM-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 210000000078 claw Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000003240 coconut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019864 coconut oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 1
- NXMUXTAGFPJGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N decanoic acid;octanoic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC(O)=O.CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O NXMUXTAGFPJGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SASYSVUEVMOWPL-NXVVXOECSA-N decyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC SASYSVUEVMOWPL-NXVVXOECSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001990 dicarboxylic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N diglycerol Chemical compound OCC(O)COCC(O)CO GPLRAVKSCUXZTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010790 dilution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012895 dilution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004205 dimethyl polysiloxane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002009 diols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N dodecyl hydrogen sulfate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCOS(O)(=O)=O MOTZDAYCYVMXPC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940043264 dodecyl sulfate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N elaidic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001804 emulsifying effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000002615 epidermis Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- CAMHHLOGFDZBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N epoxidized methyl oleate Natural products CCCCCCCCC1OC1CCCCCCCC(=O)OC CAMHHLOGFDZBBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N erucic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O DPUOLQHDNGRHBS-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000032050 esterification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005886 esterification reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- ZYNDJIBBPLNPOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N eurucic acid methyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC ZYNDJIBBPLNPOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010419 fine particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003205 fragrance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000005456 glyceride group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940107702 grapefruit seed extract Drugs 0.000 description 1
- XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexane-1,6-diol Chemical compound OCCCCCCO XXMIOPMDWAUFGU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000008384 inner phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229940100554 isononyl isononanoate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N isooleic acid Natural products CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCC(O)=O QXJSBBXBKPUZAA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940089456 isopropyl stearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940119170 jojoba wax Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000000787 lecithin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000010445 lecithin Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940067606 lecithin Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001629 magnesium chloride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- HOVAGTYPODGVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl beta-galactoside Natural products COC1OC(CO)C(O)C(O)C1O HOVAGTYPODGVJG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZYNDJIBBPLNPOW-KHPPLWFESA-N methyl erucate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC ZYNDJIBBPLNPOW-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000004702 methyl esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229940044591 methyl glucose dioleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N methyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC QYDYPVFESGNLHU-KHPPLWFESA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229940073769 methyl oleate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000004200 microcrystalline wax Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019808 microcrystalline wax Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 1
- WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-Pentadecanoic acid Natural products CCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(O)=O WQEPLUUGTLDZJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane Chemical compound C[Si]1(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O[Si](C)(C)O1 HMMGMWAXVFQUOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N oleic acid Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(O)=O ZQPPMHVWECSIRJ-KTKRTIGZSA-N 0.000 description 1
- BARWIPMJPCRCTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N oleic acid oleyl ester Natural products CCCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CCCCCCCCC BARWIPMJPCRCTP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001117 oleyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])/C([H])=C([H])\C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- BARWIPMJPCRCTP-CLFAGFIQSA-N oleyl oleate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCCOC(=O)CCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC BARWIPMJPCRCTP-CLFAGFIQSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004006 olive oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000008390 olive oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003346 palm kernel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019865 palm kernel oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000312 peanut oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 1
- WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentaerythritol Chemical compound OCC(CO)(CO)CO WXZMFSXDPGVJKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960005323 phenoxyethanol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229920000435 poly(dimethylsiloxane) Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001281 polyalkylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003077 polyols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002335 preservative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- PZQSQRCNMZGWFT-QXMHVHEDSA-N propan-2-yl (z)-octadec-9-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCC\C=C/CCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C PZQSQRCNMZGWFT-QXMHVHEDSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPWFUIUNWDIYCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N propan-2-yl octadecanoate Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OC(C)C ZPWFUIUNWDIYCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 235000003441 saturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004671 saturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000037380 skin damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001587 sorbitan monostearate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011076 sorbitan monostearate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229940035048 sorbitan monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229940033331 soy sterol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000005720 sucrose Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000005846 sugar alcohols Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003470 sulfuric acid monoesters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000003760 tallow Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010998 test method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021122 unsaturated fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000004670 unsaturated fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000019871 vegetable fat Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000019386 wax ester Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/06—Emulsions
- A61K8/062—Oil-in-water emulsions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/0295—Liquid crystals
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/02—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K8/04—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K8/06—Emulsions
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/10—Dispersions; Emulsions
- A61K9/127—Synthetic bilayered vehicles, e.g. liposomes or liposomes with cholesterol as the only non-phosphatidyl surfactant
- A61K9/1274—Non-vesicle bilayer structures, e.g. liquid crystals, tubules, cubic phases or cochleates; Sponge phases
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61Q—SPECIFIC USE OF COSMETICS OR SIMILAR TOILETRY PREPARATIONS
- A61Q19/00—Preparations for care of the skin
Definitions
- the invention relates to so-called lamellar emulsions, the emulsion droplets of surrounded by a liquid-crystalline, lamellar phase of lipid molecules and water and thereby particularly stabilized and to restore the disordered degree of order damaged skin are particularly suitable.
- the oil-in-water emulsions according to the invention can either have an internal phase cosmetic oil or fat component or a water-in-oil emulsion. in the the latter case are the lamellar emulsions according to the invention water-in-oil-in-water emulsions represents.
- the lipophilic co-emulsifier of the formula R 1 - O - R 2 is preferably a behen or erucyl derivative in which R 1 is a linear, terminally substituted alkyl, alkenyl or acyl group with 22 C atoms, in an amount of 10-90 % By weight of the oil phase.
- Behenyl alcohol is particularly preferably present as a lipophilic coemulsifier in an amount of 20-80% by weight of the entire oil phase.
- co-emulsifiers are the addition products of 1 or 2 moles of ethylene oxide or propylene oxide with behenyl alcohol, erucyl alcohol, arachidyl alcohol or else with behenic acid or erucic acid.
- monoesters of C 20 -C 30 fatty acids with polyols such as pentaerythritol, trimethylolpropane, diglycerol, sorbitol, glucose or methyl glucose are also suitable. Examples of such products are, for example, sorbitan monobehenate or pentaerythritol monoerucate.
- hydrophilic emulsifiers for the preparation of the oil-in-water emulsions according to the invention are all suitable for emulsifying cosmetic oil and fat components suitable surfactants. These are primarily ionic emulsifiers or nonionic Emulsifiers with an HLB value of 8 to 18.
- Suitable ionic emulsifiers are anionic, cationic, zwitterionic and amphoteric surfactants, preferably those with a primary, linear alkyl or alkenyl group with 12-18 C atoms.
- Suitable anionic emulsifiers are, for example, the salts of C 12 -C 18 fatty acids, sulfuric acid monoesters or phosphoric acid monoesters of C 12 -C 18 fatty alcohols, C 12 -C 18 acyl isethionic acids, C 12 -C 18 alkanesulfonic acids or C 12 - C 18 acyl amino acids.
- Cationic emulsifiers are, for example, cetyl-trimethylammonium chloride or distearoxyethyl-hydroxyethyl-methylammonium chloride.
- Suitable zwitterionic surfactants are, for example, betaine surfactants such as stearamidopropyldimethylcarboxymethylammonium betaine and suitable amphoteric surfactants are, for example. Cetylaminopropionic acid or cocoamphocarboxyglycinate.
- Amine oxide surfactants are also suitable as hydrophilic emulsifiers.
- Suitable nonionic surfactants with HLB values from 8 to 18 are in particular those Addition products of ethylene oxide with fatty acids, with fatty alcohols Fatty acid alkanolamides, on fatty acid monoglycerides, on sorbitan fatty acid esters Methyl glucoside fatty acid esters or other lipids with carboxyl, hydroxyl or Amino groups, the proportion of ethoxy groups formed in this process being at least 40 Should make up% by weight.
- Other suitable nonionic surfactants are Alkyl polyglucosides, sugar esters and polyglycerol fatty acid esters.
- oils, fats and waxes are suitable as oil and fat components synthetic oils, fats and waxes, for use on the human body come into consideration for physiological and aesthetic reasons.
- Suitable are e.g. Paraffins, fatty acid esters of monohydric or polyhydric alcohols, e.g. triglycerides, Fatty acid fatty alcohol ester, fatty acid dicarboxylic acid polyol polyester, fatty alcohol diol dicarboxylic acid polyester, Di-n-alkyl ethers, polyolefins or silicone oils.
- fatty acid esters of monohydric or polyhydric alcohols e.g. triglycerides
- Fatty acid fatty alcohol ester fatty acid dicarboxylic acid polyol polyester
- fatty alcohol diol dicarboxylic acid polyester fatty alcohol diol dicarboxylic acid polyester
- Di-n-alkyl ethers di-n-alkyl ethers
- polyolefins or silicone oils are
- methyl esters and isopropyl esters of fatty acids with 12-22 carbon atoms e.g. Methyl laurate, methyl stearate, methyl oleate, Methyl erucate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl myristate, isopropyl palmitate, isopropyl stearate, Isopropyl oleate.
- Other suitable monoesters are e.g.
- Erucyl oleate and esters made from technical aliphatic Alcohol mixtures and technical aliphatic carboxylic acids are available, e.g.
- Naturally occurring ones are also suitable Monoester or wax ester mixtures, e.g. in jojoba oil or sperm oil available.
- Suitable dicarboxylic acid esters are e.g. Di-n-butyl adipate, di-n-butyl sebacate, di- (2-ethylhexyl) adipate, Di- (2-hexyldecyl) succinate and di-isotridecylvestate.
- suitable Diol esters (III) are e.g. Ethylene glycol dioleate, ethylene glycol diisotridecanoate, propylene glycol di (2-ethylhexanoate), Butanediol di-isostearate and neopentyl glycol di-caprylate.
- Natural vegetable oils for example olive oil, sunflower oil, can be used as fatty acid triglycerides.
- R 1 is a linear alkyl, alkenyl or acyl group with 20 to 30 C atoms
- R 2 is hydrogen
- the aqueous phase contains all water-soluble components, e.g. one water-soluble emulsifier, the preservative, buffer salts, magnesium chloride, Propylene glycol, glycerin, water soluble polymeric thickeners or water soluble cosmetic active ingredients.
- water-soluble components e.g. one water-soluble emulsifier, the preservative, buffer salts, magnesium chloride, Propylene glycol, glycerin, water soluble polymeric thickeners or water soluble cosmetic active ingredients.
- the oil phase also becomes the oil-soluble ones Emulsifiers and in particular the lipophilic coemulsifier added.
- oil-soluble auxiliaries e.g. oil-soluble antioxidants and preservatives, waxes, silicones and the oil-soluble cosmetic active ingredients added to the oil phase.
- the oil phase is then heated to a temperature at which it is considered clear homogeneous melt is present.
- the aqueous is also at the same temperature Phase warmed. Then the oil phase and water phase become intense together mixed.
- the emulsion is preferably prepared at this temperature or heated to this temperature during emulsification. This turns the emulsion into a water-in-oil emulsion, which then comes back in when the phase inversion temperature falls below an O / W emulsion inverted and particularly fine, low viscosity and is stable in storage.
- fragrances and particularly volatile or temperature sensitive Fabrics are preferably made only after cooling to temperatures of 40 ° C or underneath.
- the lamellar emulsions according to the invention can, depending on the type and amount of the inner Phase be thin to creamy.
- the consistency can also be checked Thickener or by the emulsification process, that is, on the fine particle size, in control to a certain extent.
- oil-in-water emulsions according to the invention retain their lamellarity independently of the weight ratio of oil phase to water phase that oil droplets retain So even after extensive dilution with water, their liquid-crystalline Lipid bilayer shell. It can be because of its birefringent properties make visible in polarized light.
- the lamellar emulsions according to the invention are suitable for skin care. You increase Not only does the skin retain moisture, but it also increases it Degree of order of the epidermis and improve the barrier function of the skin. After skin damage, e.g. due to tensides or mechanical stress, a treatment leads with the lamellar cream according to the invention more quickly to restore the Lamellarity of the epidermal lipid structures.
- R 1 is a primary, linear alkyl, alkenyl or acyl group having 20 to 30 C atoms
- R 2 hydrogen is a group of the formula - (C
- Creams with a lamellar structure Creams with a lamellar structure
- the water-soluble excipients (preservatives, xanthan gum) were in water solved.
- the aqueous phase heated to 90 ° C., was stirred into the 90 ° C. warmed fat phase emulsified.
- the emulsion formed was homogenized and cooled to 40 ° C. After adding the perfume oil, the mixture was stirred at 20 ° C. cooled.
- Baysilon oil M 350 Polydimethylsiloxane, 350 cst (25 ° C)
- Lanette® 12 Technical behenyl alcohol C 22 : 70 - 80%, C 20 : 10 - 20%, C 18 : 5 - 15%
- Controx®KS Tocopherol / Talgefett720 glyceride citrate mixture (4)
- Citricidal® Grapefruit seed extract (5) Dow Coming 344 Fluid Octamethylcyclotetrasiloxane (6) Abil®-Wax 9809 Polysiloxane polyalkylene copolymer (7)
- Euxyl®K 400 1.2-dibromo-2.4-dicyanobutane 8th
- Arlacel® 1689 Polyglycerol / sorbitan fatty acid ester
- Biophilic® S Lecithin fatty acid-fatty alcohol mixture 10 Arlacel® 989 hydr.
- Aqueous phase Na cetyl stearyl 0.18 - Xanthan gum 0.05 - almond protein 1.5 1.5 bisabolol 0.1 0.1 Glycolys 1.0 1.0. MgSO 4 , - 1.0 Glycerol - 3.0 propylene glycol 3.0 - PHB Methylester 0.3 0.3 Euxyl K 400 0.2 0.2 perfume oil 0.37 0.37 water 72.11 61.83
- Test Procedure introcremes Cream No. 20 and W / O comparison cream V subjects Two groups of 10 subjects each application Morning and evening on the forearm Measurement FT-IR-ATR, Zn Se crystal, left arm untreated (reference), right arm treated. The measured values were determined by forming the difference from the zero value. measuring times 1.) Zero value before the 1st application 2.) 12 hours after the 28th application (2-week check)
Landscapes
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Public Health (AREA)
- Veterinary Medicine (AREA)
- Animal Behavior & Ethology (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Epidemiology (AREA)
- Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
- Birds (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Pharmacology & Pharmacy (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Dermatology (AREA)
- Cosmetics (AREA)
- Colloid Chemistry (AREA)
- Medicinal Preparation (AREA)
Description
Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen kosmetischer Öl- oder Fettkomponenten, die lamellare, flüssig-kristalline Phasen aufweisen, erfolgt in an sich bekannter Weise unter Verwendung hydrophiler Emulgatoren und lipophiler Coemulgatoren, wobei man die wäßrige Phase, die hydrophile Emulgatoren enthalten kann, mit der Öl- oder Fettphase, die als lipophile Coemulgatoren wenigstens ein Lipid der allgemeinen Formel R1- O - R2 enthält, in der R1 eine lineare Alkyl-, Alkenyl- oder Acylgruppe mit 20 bis 30 C-Atomen und R2 Wasserstoff, eine Gruppe der Formel - (CnH2nO)x - H, in der x = 1 oder 2 und n = 2 - 4 ist, oder eine Polyhydroxyalkylgruppe mit 4 - 6 C-Atomen und 2 - 5 Hydroxylgruppen ist, intensiv vermischt.
(1) | Baysilonöl M 350 | Polydimethylsiloxan, 350 cst (25°C) |
(2) | Lanette® 12 | Behenylalkohol technisch (C22 : 70 - 80 %, C20 : 10 - 20 %, C18 : 5 - 15 %) |
(3) | Controx®KS | Tocopherol/Talgefettsäure-glycerid-citrat-Gemisch |
(4) | Citricidal® | Grapefruit-Samenextrakt |
(5) | Dow Coming 344 Fluid | Octamethyl-cyclotetrasiloxan |
(6) | Abil®-Wax 9809 | Polysiloxan-polyalkylen-Copolymer |
(7) | Euxyl®K 400 | 1.2-Dibrom-2.4-dicyanobutan |
(8) | Arlacel® 1689 | Polyglycerin-/sorbitan-Fettsäureester |
(9) | Biophilic® S | Lecithin-Fettsäure-Fettalkohol-Gemisch |
(10) | Arlacel® 989 | hydr. Rizinusöloxethylat (7 EO) |
(11) | Gilugel min | Hydroxystearinsäure-Al/Mg-Salz/Paraffinöl |
(12) | Glucolys® (Seporga) | Gemisch aus Glucose, Sorbit und Citronensäure |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | |
Ölphase : | |||||||
Paraffinöl | - | - | 5,0 | 10,0 | 20,0 | - | - |
Heptamethylnonan | - | - | - | - | - | 10,0 | 10,0 |
Di-n-octylether | - | - | 5,0 | 10,0 | 20,0 | - | - |
Nachtkerzenöl | 2,0 | 2,0 | - | - | - | - | - |
Sonnenblumenöl | - | - | - | - | - | 10,0 | 10,0 |
Mandelöl | - | 2,0 | - | - | - | - | - |
Isopropyl-isostearat | 3,0 | 3,0 | - | - | - | - | - |
Cetearyl-isononanoat | 2,0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Baysilonöl M350 | 0,5 | 0,5 | - | - | - | - | - |
Tocopherolacetat | 0,5 | 0,5 | - | - | - | - | - |
Lanette 22 | 6,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 |
pHB-Propylester | - | - | - | - | - | 0,1 | 0,1 |
Controx KS | 0,05 | 0,05 | 0,05 | 0,05 | 0,05 | 0,05 | 0,05 |
Wäßrige Phase: | |||||||
PEG 25 Sojasterol | 0,5 | 0,5 | - | - | - | - | - |
Na-Cetyl-/Stearylsulfat | 0,24 | 0,24 | - | - | - | - | 0,1 |
K-Cetylhydrogenphosphat | - | - | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 | - |
Xanthan-Gum | 0,05 | 0,05 | 0,3 | 0,3 | 0,3 | 0,1 | 0,1 |
Dipropylenglycol | 5,0 | 5,0 | - | - | - | - | - |
Glycin | 1,0 | 1,0 | - | - | - | - | - |
Citricidal | - | - | - | - | - | 1,0 | 1,0 |
Parfümöl | - | - | 0,2 | 0,2 | - | - | - |
Wasser | ad 100 | ad 100 | ad 100 | ad 100 | ad 100 | ad 100 | ad 100 |
8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | |
Ölphase: | |||||||
Avocadoöl | 10,0 | 10,0 | 10,0 | - | - | - | - |
Heptamethylnonan | 10,0 | 10,0 | 10,0 | - | - | - | 10,0 |
Dow Corning 344 Fluid | - | - | - | 2,0 | - | - | - |
Baysilonöl M 350 | - | - | - | - | 2,0 | - | - |
Abil-Wax 9801 | - | - | - | - | - | 2,0 | - |
Mikrowachs | - | 2,0 | - | - | - | - | - |
Bienenwachs | 2,0 | - | - | - | - | - | - |
Camaubawachs | - | - | 1,0 | - | - | - | - |
Cetyl-/Stearylalkohol | - | - | - | - | - | - | 2,0 |
Lanette 22 | 6,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 | 4,0 |
pHB-Propylester | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 | - | - | - |
Controx KS | 0,05 | 0,05 | 0,05 | 0,05 | - | - | - |
Wäßrige Phase: | |||||||
Na-Cetyl-/Stearylsulfat | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 | - | - | - | 0,1 |
K-Cetylhydrogenphosphat | - | - | - | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0.1 | - |
Xanthan-Gum | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,3 | 0,3 | 0,3 | 0,3 |
Citricidal | 1,0 | 1.0 | 1,0 | - | - | - | - |
Euxyl K 400 | - | - | - | - | - | 0,1 | - |
1.6-Hexandiol | - | - | - | 5,0 | - | - | - |
Parfümöl | - | - | - | 0,2 | - | - | - |
Wasser | 70,65 | 70,65 | 70,65 | 83,35 | 91,5 | 91,5 | 83,6 |
15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | 19 | |
Ölphase: | |||||
Paraffinöl | - | - | 10,0 | - | 10.0 |
Mandelöl | - | - | - | 10,0 | - |
Heptamethylnonan | 10,0 | 6,7 | 10,0 | - | 10,0 |
Decaglycerin-decaoleat | - | 0,0 | - | - | - |
Baysilonöl M 350 | - | - | 0,5 | - | - |
Tocopherolacetat | - | 2,0 | - | - | - |
Sorbitan-monostearat | 2,0 | - | - | - | - |
Arlacel 1689 | - | 1,0 | - | - | - |
Biophilic S | - | - | 3,0 | - | - |
Lanette 22 | 4,0 | 6,0 | 3,0 | 6,0 | 6,0 |
pHB-Propylester | - | - | 0,1 | - | - |
Controx KS | - | - | - | 0,05 | - |
Wäßrige Phase: | |||||
Na-Cetyl-/Stearylsulfat | 0,1 | - | - | - | - |
K-Cetylhydrogenphosphat | - | 0,15 | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 |
Xanthan-Gum | 0,3 | 0,1 | 0,3 | 0,1 | - |
Dipropylenglycol | - | - | 3,0 | - | - |
Glucose | - | 0,2 | - | - | - |
Euxyl K 400 | - | - | 0,1 | 0,1 | 0,1 |
1.6-Hexandiol | - | 10,0 | - | - | |
Phenoxyethanol | - | - | 1,0 | - | - |
Parfüm | - | 0,2 | 0,2 | 0,2 | - |
Mg SO4 | - | 0,2 | - | - | - |
Wasser | 83,6 | 68,7 | 83,55 | 73,8 |
20 | V | |
Ölphase: | ||
Paraffinöl | - | 10,0 |
Isopropyl-isostearat | 7,5 | - |
Isopropyl-palmitat | - | 5,0 |
Mandelöl | 5,0 | 2,0 |
Nachtkerzenöl | 2,0 | 2,0 |
Baysilonöl M 350 | 0,5 | |
Bienenwachs | - | 3,0 |
Lanette 22 | 6,0 | - |
Methylglucose-dioleat | - | 3,0 |
Arlacel 989 | - | 0,1 |
Sojasterin | - | 0,5 |
Gilugel min | - | 3,0 |
Tocopherolacetat | - | 2,0 |
Controx KS | 0,05 | - |
PHB-Propylester | 0,1 | 0,1 . |
Wäßrige Phase: | ||
Na-Cetyl-Stearylsulfat | 0,18 | - |
Xanthan-Gum | 0,05 | - |
Mandelprotein | 1,5 | 1,5 |
Bisabolol | 0,1 | 0,1 |
Glycolys | 1,0 | 1,0 . |
MgSO4, | - | 1,0 |
Glyerin | - | 3,0 |
Propylenglycol | 3,0 | - |
PHB-Methylester | 0,3 | 0,3 |
Euxyl K 400 | 0,2 | 0,2 |
Parfümöl | 0,37 | 0,37 |
Wasser | 72,11 | 61,83 |
Testablauf: | |
Prüfcremes | Creme Nr. 20 und W/O-Vergleichscreme V |
Probanden | Zwei Gruppen zu je 10 Probanden |
Anwendung | Morgens und abends jeweils am Unterarm |
Messung | FT-IR-ATR, Zn Se-Kristall, linker Arm unbehandelt (Referenz), rechter Arm behandelt. Die Meßwerte wurden durch Differenzbildung zum Nullwert ermittelt. |
Meßzeitpunkte | 1.) Nullwert vor der 1. Anwendung 2.) 12 Std. nach der 28. Anwendung (2-Wochen-Kontrolle) |
Claims (5)
- Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen mit lamellaren, flüssig-kristallinen Phasen, enthaltend eine kosmetische Öl- oder Fettkomponente, einen hydrophilen Emulgator und einen lipophilen Coemulgator, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als lipophiler Coemulgator ein Lipid der allgemeinen Formel R1 - O - R2 enthalten ist, in der R1 eine primäre lineare Alkyl-, oder Alkenylgruppe mit 20 bis 30 C-Atomen und R2 Wasserstoff ist.
- Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsion nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als lipophiler Coemulgator Behenylalkohol in einer Menge von 20 - 80 Gew.-% der gesamten Ölphase enthalten ist.
- Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsion nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß als hydrophiler Emulgator ein ionischer oder ein nichtionischer Emulgator mit einem HLB-Wert von 8 - 18 enthalten ist, wobei der HLB-Wert sich ergibt aus HLB = 0,2 x (100 - L), wobei L der prozentuale Gewichtsanteil der lipophilen Alkyl-, Alkenyl- oder Acylgruppen im Molekül ist.
- Verwendung eines Lipids der allgemeinen Formel R1-O-R2, in der R1 eine lineare Alkyl- oder Alkenylgruppe mit 20 - 30 C-Atomen und R2 Wasserstoff ist, als lipophilen Emulgator zur Herstellung einer Öl-in Wasser-Emulsion mit lamellaren, flüssig kristallinen Phasen. die eine kosmetische Öl- oder Fettkomponente, einen hydrophilen Emulgator und einen lipophilen Emulgator enthält, zur Wiederherstellung der Lamellarität und des Ordnungsgrades der epidermalen Lipidstrukturen der geschädigten Haut.
- Verfahren zur Herstellung von Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen., kosmetischer Öl- oder Fettkomponenten, die lamellare, flüssig-kristalline Phasen aufweisen, unter Verwendung hydrophiler Emulgatoren und lipophiler Coemulgatoren, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß man die wäßrige Phase, die hydrophile Emulgatoren enthalten kann, mit der Fettphase, die als lipophilen Coemulgator wenigstens ein Lipid der allgemeinen Formel R1 - O - R2 enthält, in der R1 eine lineare Alkyl-oder Alkenylgruppe mit 20 bis 30 C-Atomen und R2 Wasserstoff ist, intensiv vermischt.
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19713793 | 1997-04-03 | ||
DE19713793A DE19713793A1 (de) | 1997-04-03 | 1997-04-03 | Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen zur Wiederherstellung der Lamellarität der Lipidstruktur geschädigter Haut |
PCT/EP1997/006639 WO1998044896A1 (de) | 1997-04-03 | 1997-11-28 | Öl-in-wasser-emulsionen zur wiederherstellung der lamellarität der lipidstruktur geschädigter haut |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0973484A1 EP0973484A1 (de) | 2000-01-26 |
EP0973484B1 true EP0973484B1 (de) | 2004-07-07 |
Family
ID=7825359
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP97953710A Revoked EP0973484B1 (de) | 1997-04-03 | 1997-11-28 | Öl-in-wasser-emulsionen zur wiederherstellung der lamellarität der lipidstruktur geschädigter haut |
Country Status (13)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6379681B1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP0973484B1 (de) |
JP (1) | JP2001518886A (de) |
CN (1) | CN1248904A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE270537T1 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2285216A1 (de) |
DE (2) | DE19713793A1 (de) |
ES (1) | ES2226010T3 (de) |
HU (1) | HUP0000501A3 (de) |
NO (1) | NO994786L (de) |
PL (1) | PL335902A1 (de) |
SK (1) | SK133799A3 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1998044896A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (23)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE19857349A1 (de) * | 1998-12-11 | 2000-06-15 | Wolfgang Schnizer | Hautpflege-System |
FR2816852B1 (fr) * | 2000-11-21 | 2005-08-26 | Nuxe Lab | Association stabilisee d'un colorant et d'un emulsionnant, composition cosmetique et/ou dermatologique la contenant et procede de preparation |
JP2002265347A (ja) * | 2001-03-13 | 2002-09-18 | Shiseido Co Ltd | コーニファイドエンベロープの成熟を促す化粧料 |
US6608011B2 (en) * | 2001-06-11 | 2003-08-19 | Colgate-Palmolive Company | Shampoos with behenyl-alcohol |
US7758636B2 (en) * | 2002-09-20 | 2010-07-20 | Innovational Holdings Llc | Expandable medical device with openings for delivery of multiple beneficial agents |
CN100455193C (zh) * | 2003-03-11 | 2009-01-28 | 科宁公司 | 用作农用化学品佐剂的微乳液 |
JP4592347B2 (ja) * | 2003-07-14 | 2010-12-01 | 株式会社ヤクルト本社 | 外用剤組成物 |
WO2005046633A1 (en) * | 2003-11-04 | 2005-05-26 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Personal cleansing compositions |
WO2005044206A1 (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2005-05-19 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Fragrances comprising residual accords |
GB0403879D0 (en) * | 2004-02-21 | 2004-03-24 | Unilever Plc | Hair conditioning compositions and methods of manufacture |
JP4854194B2 (ja) * | 2004-07-05 | 2012-01-18 | 株式会社ファンケル | ラメラ構造再生剤及び皮膚外用剤 |
WO2006018149A1 (de) * | 2004-08-13 | 2006-02-23 | Henkel Kommanditgesellschaft Auf Aktien | Kosmetische zusammensetzungen zur behandlung gestresster haut enthaltend taurin und langkettige fettalkohole |
DE102005063178A1 (de) * | 2005-12-30 | 2007-07-05 | Henkel Kgaa | Kosmetische Lichtschutzzusammensetzungen auf der Basis lamellarer Emulsionen |
DE102006015544A1 (de) * | 2006-03-31 | 2007-10-04 | Kuhs Gmbh | Topisch zu applizierende Zusammensetzung |
GB0714817D0 (en) * | 2007-07-31 | 2007-09-12 | Croda Int Plc | Polyglycerol derivatives |
DE102010046931A1 (de) * | 2010-09-29 | 2012-03-29 | Sanderstrothmann Gmbh | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines kosmetischen Mittels |
FR2991171B1 (fr) * | 2012-06-01 | 2014-05-23 | Galderma Res & Dev | Procede de preparation d'une composition dermatologique comprenant des oleosomes |
DE102013217316A1 (de) * | 2013-08-30 | 2015-03-05 | Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa | Hautpflegeöl |
BR112018069629B1 (pt) | 2016-04-21 | 2021-10-26 | Unilever Ip Holdings B.V. | Processo para fazer uma composição de nanoemulsão |
US11744783B2 (en) | 2016-04-21 | 2023-09-05 | Conopco, Inc. | Nanoemulsions comprising fatty acid and n-acyl derivatives of amino acid salt |
BR112019011210A2 (pt) | 2016-12-13 | 2019-10-15 | Basf Se | composição texturizada, processo para preparar uma composição texturizada, e, uso de uma composição cosmética texturizada. |
US20200375854A1 (en) * | 2019-05-31 | 2020-12-03 | L'oreal | Compositions and methods for treating keratinous substrates |
CN113476346A (zh) * | 2021-06-16 | 2021-10-08 | 西安德诺海思医疗科技有限公司 | 一种皮肤屏障修复组合物 |
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Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US4400295A (en) * | 1979-03-24 | 1983-08-23 | Loire Cosmetics Co., Ltd. | Emulsifier composition |
JPS61158909A (ja) * | 1984-12-29 | 1986-07-18 | Pola Chem Ind Inc | パツク料 |
US4767625A (en) | 1985-09-02 | 1988-08-30 | Kao Corporation | Lamella type single phase liquid crystal composition and oil-base cosmetic compositions using the same |
GB8724254D0 (en) | 1987-10-15 | 1987-11-18 | Unilever Plc | Hair treatment product |
GB9302492D0 (en) | 1993-02-09 | 1993-03-24 | Procter & Gamble | Cosmetic compositions |
JP3250877B2 (ja) * | 1993-07-08 | 2002-01-28 | 株式会社資生堂 | 撥水性水中油型乳化組成物 |
JP2855057B2 (ja) * | 1993-07-09 | 1999-02-10 | 株式会社資生堂 | 増粘ゲル化剤及び増粘ゲル状組成物 |
FR2709666B1 (fr) * | 1993-09-07 | 1995-10-13 | Oreal | Composition cosmétique ou dermatologique constituée d'une émulsion huile dans eau à base de globules huileux pourvus d'un enrobage cristal liquide lamellaire. |
DE4337041A1 (de) * | 1993-10-29 | 1995-05-04 | Henkel Kgaa | Verfahren zur Herstellung in Öl-in-Wasser-Emulsionen |
FR2714382B1 (fr) * | 1993-12-27 | 1996-02-02 | Roussel Uclaf | Phospholipides vecteur de molécule active, leur préparation et leur utilisation dans des compositions cosmétiques ou dermatologiques. |
GB9408259D0 (en) | 1994-04-26 | 1994-06-15 | Procter & Gamble | Cosmetic compositions |
GB9414572D0 (en) * | 1994-07-19 | 1994-09-07 | Unilever Plc | Soap composition |
JPH08268877A (ja) * | 1995-03-31 | 1996-10-15 | Shiseido Co Ltd | 撥水撥油性水中油型乳化組成物 |
JPH08337513A (ja) * | 1995-06-13 | 1996-12-24 | Shiseido Co Ltd | 撥水性水中油型乳化組成物 |
US5948416A (en) * | 1995-06-29 | 1999-09-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Stable topical compositions |
JP3549336B2 (ja) * | 1995-10-12 | 2004-08-04 | 株式会社資生堂 | 水中油型乳化組成物 |
US5738856A (en) * | 1995-11-03 | 1998-04-14 | Ocular Research Of Boston, Inc. | Skin care preparation and method |
JPH09301847A (ja) * | 1996-03-15 | 1997-11-25 | Shiseido Co Ltd | 低粘度水中油型乳化組成物及びこれを用いた皮膚外用剤 |
US6139854A (en) * | 1996-08-21 | 2000-10-31 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Skin lightening compositions |
-
1997
- 1997-04-03 DE DE19713793A patent/DE19713793A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 1997-11-28 ES ES97953710T patent/ES2226010T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-28 AT AT97953710T patent/ATE270537T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1997-11-28 EP EP97953710A patent/EP0973484B1/de not_active Revoked
- 1997-11-28 WO PCT/EP1997/006639 patent/WO1998044896A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1997-11-28 JP JP54228598A patent/JP2001518886A/ja not_active Ceased
- 1997-11-28 SK SK1337-99A patent/SK133799A3/sk unknown
- 1997-11-28 CA CA002285216A patent/CA2285216A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1997-11-28 US US09/402,301 patent/US6379681B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-28 DE DE59711769T patent/DE59711769D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1997-11-28 PL PL97335902A patent/PL335902A1/xx unknown
- 1997-11-28 HU HU0000501A patent/HUP0000501A3/hu unknown
- 1997-11-28 CN CN97182084A patent/CN1248904A/zh active Pending
-
1999
- 1999-10-01 NO NO994786A patent/NO994786L/no not_active Application Discontinuation
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
ES2226010T3 (es) | 2005-03-16 |
PL335902A1 (en) | 2000-05-22 |
NO994786D0 (no) | 1999-10-01 |
EP0973484A1 (de) | 2000-01-26 |
HUP0000501A3 (en) | 2001-11-28 |
JP2001518886A (ja) | 2001-10-16 |
NO994786L (no) | 1999-10-01 |
US6379681B1 (en) | 2002-04-30 |
ATE270537T1 (de) | 2004-07-15 |
WO1998044896A1 (de) | 1998-10-15 |
CN1248904A (zh) | 2000-03-29 |
SK133799A3 (en) | 2000-02-14 |
DE59711769D1 (de) | 2004-08-12 |
DE19713793A1 (de) | 1998-10-08 |
CA2285216A1 (en) | 1998-10-15 |
HUP0000501A2 (en) | 2000-07-28 |
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